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"Follow  the  colors  of  the  Nineteenth." 

—  Gen .  A  lex.   Webb . 

Battles   in  which   the   Nineteenth    Massachusetts   Regiment   participated:      Balls  Bluff, 

Yorktown,  West  Point,  Fair  Oaks,   Peach  Orchard,  Savage  Station,  White  Oak 

Swamp,   Malvern    Hill,   Second    Bull    Run,   Antietam,    Fredericksburg, 

Chancellorsville,     Gettysburg,     Bristol     Station,     Mine     Run, 

Wilderness,    Spottsylvania,  Tolopotomy,  Cold  Harbor, 

Petersburg,    Deep    Bottom,    Ream's    Station, 

Boydton  Road,  Vaughan  Road,  Farmville 


HISTORY 


OF    THE 


NINETEENTH   REGIMENT 

MASSACHUSETTS 
VOLUNTEER   INFANTRY 

1861-1865 


issued  by  the 
History  Committee 


Salem  Ipress  : 

The  Salem  Press  Co.,  Salem,  Mass. 

1906 


compiled  by 
Ernest  Linden  Waitt 


INTRODUCTION. 


This  history  of  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  Massachusetts 
Volunteers,  is  a  concise  narrative  of  its  nearly  four  years  of 
service  at  the  "front,"  in  the  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division, 
Second  Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

It  is  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  a  Committee,  ap- 
pointed by  vote  of  the  regimental  association  at  the  reunion 
held  August  28,  1894.  At  the  next  reunion  in  1895,  the 
committee  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  two  members, 
but  it  was  not  until  the  reunion  of  1897  that  much  progress 
was  made,  when  the  Committee  was  reorganized  as 
follows  : — 

H.  G.  0.  Weymouth,  Chairman. 
Russell  R.  Foster,  Secretary. 
George  T.  Coppins. 
Arthur  F.  Devereux. 
Edmund  Rice. 
John  P   Reynolds. 
John  G.  B.  Adams. 
William  A.  Hill. 
Henry  A.  Hale. 
William  R.  Driver. 
Adolpus  W   Greeley. 

Under  this  Committee  plans  were  formulated  and  the  work 
continued  to  completion. 

The  method  adopted  was  to  invite  contributions  of  material 
from  officers  and  men,  so  disposed,  based  on  their  own  ex- 
periences, subject  to  revision  by  the  Committee,  together 
with  official  accounts.     Under  this  plan  much  more  matter 


IV  INTRODUCTION. 

was  accumulated  than  it  was  possible  to  use  in  a  volume  of 
this  sort,  and  many  things,  though  authentic  and  of  interest 
to  the  reader,  had  of  necessity,  to  be  omitted. 

These  personal  experiences  with  official  reports,  casualties 
in  action,  promotions,  losses,  etc.,  were  subsequently  com- 
piled by  Mr.  Ernest  L.  Waite,  and  the  Roster  added,  the 
latter  being  culled  from  the  official  records  of  the  Adjutant 
General's  office  at  the  State  House,  necessitating  much 
patient  labor  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Waite,  to  whom  the  Com- 
mittee expresses  its  thanks. 

Flowery  expression,  criticism  of  superior  officers  and 
commanders  has  been  avoided,  and  the  story  presented  is 
but  a  "  plain,  unvarnished  tale"  of  continuous,  arduous  and 
loyal  service  of  officers  and  men,  composing  a  regiment, 
acting  with  a  unanimity  of  purpose,  coupled  with  strict  dis- 
cipline, with  lively  relaxation  when  off  duty  and  during 
winter  quarters,  all  of  which  showed  the  stuff  the  regiment 
was  made  of.  Its  sports  and  pastimes  when  it  could  in- 
dulge in  them,  were  characterized  by  the  same  energy  and 
spirit  that  were  revealed  in  the  line  of  duty  in  camp  or 
bivouac,  on  the  march  or  on  the  field  of  battle. 

The  story  thus  prepared  is  now  given  to  the  public,  in 
the  belief  that  it  will  be  as  interesting  to  read  as  it  was  to 
the  Committee  to  prepare,  and  that  it  will  prove  as  valuable 
to  preserve,  as  it  was  creditable  to  "  the  boys"  to  create. 

John  P  Reynolds. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

I.  Organization  op  the  Regiment 1 

II.  Off  to  the  Front 9 

III.  In  Camp  at  Meridian  Hill 14 

IV.  The  Balls  Bluff  Disaster 20 

V.  Life  at  Camp  Benton 35 

VI.  Removal  to  Muddy  Branch 43 

VII.  Winter  at  Muddy  Branch 49 

VIII.  The  Siege  of  Yorktown 54 

IX.  Evacuation    of   Yorktown.     McClellan's  Pur- 

suit   63 

X.  The  March  to  the  Chickahominy 71 

XI.  Battle  of  Oak  Grove 80 

XII.  McClellan's  Change  of  Base.     The  Seven  Days' 

Retreat 85 

XIII.  Through    White    Oak    Swamp.     The    Battle  of 

Glendale 92 

XIV.  From  Malvern  Hill  to  Harrison's  Landing.     .  102 

XV.  Resting  at  Harrison's  Landing 109 

XVI.  The  March   Down  the  Peninsula 116 

XVII.  To   South  Mountain  and  Antietam 126 

XVIII.  The  Battle  of  Antietam 133 

XIX.  At  Bolivar  Heights 150 

XX.  To    Falmouth    in    Pursuit    of    Lee.      Burnside 

supercedes  McClellan 156 

XXI.  Events  at  Falmouth 163 

XXII.  Crossing  the  River  at  Fredericksburg.    .     .     .  167 

XXIII.  Fredericksburg.     December  13,  1862 177 

XXIV.  The  Winter  Camp  at  Falmouth 195 

XXV.  Chancellorsville  Campaign.    Volunteers  again 

Cross    the    River.      Capture    of    Marye's 

Heights 202 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

XXVI.  A  Period  of  Rest  in  Camp  at  Falmouth.      .     .  209 

XXVII.  The  Gettysburg  Campaign 213 

XXVIII.  Arrival  at  Gettysburg,  July  1,  1863.        ...  225 

XXIX.  Gettysburg,  July  3,  1863 233 

XXX.  Pickett's  Charge 238 

XXXI.  After  the  Battle 244 

XXXII.  In  Pursuit  of  Lee.     In  Camp  at  Morrisville.  255 

XXXIII.  The  Advance  to  Culpepper  and  Bealton.      .     .  263 

XXXIV.  Battle  of  Bristoe  Station.  In  Camp  at  Warren- 

ton.     Movement  to  the  Rapidan 272 

XXXV.  Camp  at  Cole's  Hill.     Re-Enlistment.      .     .     .  282 

XXXVI.  The  Return  of  the  Regiment  to  Massachusetts. 

Back  again  to  the  Front 295 

XXXVII.  The  Wilderness  Campaign 303 

XXXVIII.  The  North  Anna  Battles .  315 

XXXIX.  Capture  of  the  Regiment 326 

XL.                 Prison  Experiences 336 

XLI.  Re-Organization.      The  Engagements  at  Deep 

Bottom  and  Ream's  Station 343 

XLII.              Battery  Eleven  and  Fort  Stedman.     .     .     .     ,  351 

XLIII.            Hatcher's  Run.     News  of  Lee's  Surrender.  357 

XLIV.             Camp  at  Bailey's  Cross  Roads.     Muster  out.  364 


Roster 369 

Index 421 

Appendix 447 


ERRATA. 


On  pages  1,  3,  4,  14,  34,  49  in  three  places,  96  and  97  in  two  places  each, 

Henry  J.  Howe  should  read  How. 
On  page  4,  name  should  be  Stephen  I.  Newman. 
On  page  4,  "Field  Staff"  should  read  "Field  and  Staff." 
On  page  43,  "Lewis  Rimback"  should  be  "Louis  Rimbach." 
On  page  51,  for  "presided"  read  "commanded." 
On  pages  51,  and  153,  name  should  be  Brailey,  Edward  Z. 
On  page  79,  for  Gov.  "Andrews"  read  "Andrew." 
On  page  112,  for  "some"  read  "come." 
Cn  page  135,  for  "forward  man"  read  "men." 
On  page  147,  for  "Acct"  Adjt.  read  "Act'g"  Adjt. 
On  pages  163  and  193,  name  should  be  Josiah  N.  Willard. 
On  page  188,  name  should  be  Abijah  F.  Hutchings. 
On  page  224,  Tarrytown  should  read  Taneytown. 
On  page  229,  third  line  for  "chests"  read  "crests." 
On  page  267,  "Job  Stewart"  read  "J.  E.  B.  Stuart." 
On  page  280,  "flank"  read  "rank." 
On  page  283,  "patent"  read  "potent." 


CHAPTER  I. 

ORGANIZATION    OF   THE   REGIMENT. 

The  Nineteenth  Regiment  Massachusetts  Volunteer  In- 
fantry was  organized  at  "Camp  Schouler, "  Lynnfield,  with  the 
three  Companies  of  the  First  Battalion  of  Rifles  as  the  nucleus, 
on  July  23,  1861,  having  added  to  these  three  in  succession, 
Capt.  Wass  's  Tiger  Zouaves,  of  Boston,  Capt.  Mahoney  's  Com- 
pany, also  from  Boston,  Capt.  Weymouth's  Company  from 
Lowell  and  Cambridge,  Capt.  Plympton's  Company  from  Bos- 
ton, Capt.  Russell 's  Company  from  Boston,  Capt.  Rice 's  Com- 
pany from  Cambridge  and  Capt.  Wilson's  Company  from  Boston. 

The  field  officers  were : 

Edward  W  Hinks — Colonel. 

Arthur  F.  Devereux — Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Henry  J.  Howe — Major 

John  C.  Chadwick — Adjutant. 

Levi  Shaw — Quarter  Master. 

J.  Franklin  Dyer — Surgeon 

Josiah  N.  Willard— Assistant  Surgeon. 

Joseph  C.  Cromack — Chaplain. 

Upon  the  muster  out  of  the  Eighth  Regiment,  Col.  Hinks 
was  immediately  commissioned  as  Colonel  of  the  Nineteenth, 
then  in  camp  at  Lynnfield  and  numbering  about  390  men.  He 
was  mustered  in  on  August  3,  1861,  and  rapidly  recruited, 
organized  and  officered  the  Regiment. 

On  the  day  after  the  Eighth  Regiment  reached  Boston, 
Aug.  1,  1861,  Capt.  Arthur  F  Devereux  was  mustered  in  as 
Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Nineteenth,  having  first  been  offered 
a  Colonelcy  in  another  regiment  by  Governor  Andrew 

Companies  A.  B.  and  C.  were  ordered  into  camp  at  Lynn- 
CD 


I  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

field,  to  report  to  Colonel  Lyman  Dike,  commanding,  in  accord- 
ance with  Special  Order  No.  344  A.  G.  O.,  dated  Boston,  July 
13,  1861. 

Capt.  James  D.  Russell,  Company  D  of  Boston,  was 
ordered  "to  report  his  command  to  Lyman  Dike,  Colonel  com- 
manding the  Nineteenth  Regiment  at  the  Camp  at  Lynnfield, ' ' 
in  accordance  with  special  order  No.  366,  A.  G.  O.,  Boston, 
July  25,  1861. 

Company  E,  Capt.  Andrew  Mahoney,  of  Boston,  was,  by 
Special  Order  No.  348,  dated  A.  G.  O.,  Boston,  July  15,  1861, 
"ordered  to  report  with  his  command  forthwith  to  Col.  Dike, 
commanding,  at  Camp  Schouler,  Lynnfield." 

Company  F,  Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  Cambridge,  originally 
assigned  to  the  Fourteenth  Massachusetts  Infantry,  (and  which 
by  Special  Order  No.  365,  dated  A.  G.  O.,  Boston,  July  2,  1861, 
had  been  included  in  the  Companies  ordered  to  compose  the 
Twentieth  Regiment,)  was  subsequently  detached  and  assigned 
to  the  Nineteenth  Regiment. 

Company  G,  Capt.  H.  G.  O.  Weymouth  of  Lowell,  was 
transferred  from  the  Second  Regiment  and  assigned  to  the  Nine- 
teenth Regiment  at  Lynnfield. 

Company  H,  Capt.  William  H.  Wilson,  of  Boston,  was,  by 
Special  Order  No.  356,  dated  A.  G.  O.,  Boston,  July  19,  1861, 
ordered  "to  report  with  the  men  under  his  command  to  Col. 
Dike  at  Camp  Schouler  for  orders,  at  half  past  twelve  o  'clock, 
on  Saturday,  July  12,  1861. 

(This  Company  was  disbanded  in  the  field  later  and  a  new 
Company  recruited.) 

Company  I,  Capt.  Jonathan  E.  Plympton,  was,  with  First 
Lieutenant  Christopher  C.  Sampson,  ordered  "to  report  them- 
selves, with  the  men  under  their  command,  at  six  o'clock  this 
afternoon  to  Lyman  Dike,  Colonel  commanding  the  Camp  at 
Lynnfield"  per  Special  Order  No.  363,  dated  A.  G.  O.,  Boston, 
July  25,  1861. 

Company  K,  Capt.  Ansel  D.  Wass,  known  as  the  Boston 
Tiger  Fire  Zouaves,  was  subsequently  added  to  the  Regiment 
making  ten  companies  and  its  complement.  This  latter  com- 
pany wore  a  Zouave  uniform  of  light  blue  baggy  trousers,  yellow 


ORGANIZATION    OF   THE   REGIMENT.  3 

leather  leggins,  with  a  jacket  of  darker  blue,  plentifully  fur- 
nished with  buttons,  and  a  fez  cap  of  the  same  color. 

Special  Order  No.  369,  dated  A.  G.  O.,  Boston,  July  27, 1861, 
designated  Capt.  Henry  J.  Howe,  of  Haverhill,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  University,  who  had  previously  been  commissioned  in 
the  Fourteenth  Regiment,  as  "Major  of  the  Nineteenth  Regi- 
ment, now  in  Camp  at  Lynnfield. ' ' 

Special  Order  No.  370,  dated  A.  G.  0.,  Boston,  July  29, 1861, 
orders  ' '  Lieutenant  John  C.  Chadwick,  of  the  Fourteenth  Regi- 
ment, to  act  as  Adjutant  of  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  in  Camp 
at  Lynnfield  until  further  orders,  and  to  report  to  Major  Howe, 
in  command  of  said  Regiment. ' ' 

The  Nineteenth  Regiment,  despite  all  these  special  orders, 
was  only  a  skeleton  command.  Its  condition  may  be  inferred 
from  the  following  letter  sent  by  Adjutant  General  Schouler  to 
Governor  Andrew  on  July  27,  1861 :  ' '  There  are  but  nine  com- 
panies in  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  and  most  of  them  are  with- 
out uniforms,  and  there  are  but  15  guns  in  the  whole  regiment. 
The  men  are  much  in  want  of  clothes.  There  is  but  one  drum 
in  the  entire  camp  and  it  is  all  the  music  they  have. ' ' 

All  this  had  occurred  before  the  muster  out  of  the  Eighth 
Regiment  from  its  three  months'  service,  which  took  place  on 
August  1.  Col.  Hinks  had  achieved  an  enviable  reputation  at  the 
head  of  this  Regiment  and  was  now  free  to  accept  his  new  com- 
mand, which,  by  Special  Order  No.  387,  dated  A.  G.  O.,  Boston, 
Aug.  3,  1861,  assigned  him  to  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  and 
to  ' '  assume  command  this  day. ' ' 

The  Special  Order  No.  387  also  announced  that  the  Nine- 
teenth Regiment  was  "to  be  deemed  the  proper  rendezvous  for 
all  members  of  the  Eighth  Regiment  desirous  of  again  enlisting 
in  the  service  of  the  country  " 

Captain  Arthur  F  Devereux,  who  had  made  a  brilliant 
record  at  the  head  of  the  Salem  Zouaves,  a  part  of  the  Eighth 
Regiment,  was  a  great  favorite  with  Colonel  Hinks,  and  under 
his  immediate  supervision,  a  new  order  of  things  was  instituted 
in  the  work  of  drill  and  preparing  the  Regiment  for  service. 

For  this  purpose  Lieutenant  Colonel  Devereux  took  with 
him  a  number  of  the  Salem  Zouaves  to  Lvnnfield  as  drill  mas- 


4  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

ters.  When  the  Regiment  was  mustered  into  the  United  States 
Service,  five  of  these  Drill  Masters  were  commissioned  as  Lieu- 
tenants, viz:  John  Hodges,  Jr.  to  Co.  B;  John  P.  Reynolds,  Jr. 
to  Co.  D;  Henry  A.  Hale  to  Co.  H;  George  W  Batchelder,  to 
Co.  C;  and  Wm.  L.  Palmer  to  Co.  I. 

The  Staff  and  Line  were  commissioned  on  Aug.  22.  The 
roster  follows : 

FIELD    STAFF. 

Colonel,  Edward  W  Hinks,  of  Lynn;  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
Arthur  F.  Devereux,  of  Salem;  Major,  Henry  J.  Howe,  of  Haver- 
hill; Surgeon,  J.  Franklin  Dyer,  of  Gloucester;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Josiah  N.  Willard,  of  Boston;  Chaplain,  Joseph  Levi  Shaw,  of 
Rockport. 

NON-COMMISSIONED    STAFF. 

Sergeant  Major,  Samuel  Baxter,  of  Newburyport;  Quarter- 
master Sergeant  Oliver  F.  Briggs,  of  Boston:  Commissary  Ser- 
geant, Elisha  A.  Hinks  of  Orrington,  Me.;  Hospital  Steward, 
William  E.  Barrows,  of  Andover;  Principal  Musician,  Joseph  L. 
Kendall,  of  Lynnfield;  Leader  of  Band,  John  A.  Spofford,  of 
South  Reading;  Drum  Major,  Stephen  J.  Newman,  Cambridge. 

Company  A.  Captain,  Moses  P  Stanwood,  of  West  New- 
bury; First  Lieut.,  Charles  M.  Merritt,  of  Lynn;  2nd  Lieut.,  Isaac 
H.  Boyd,  of  West  Newbury. 

Company  B.  Captain,  Elijah  P  Rogers,  of  Newbury; 
First  Lieut.,  John  Hodges,  Jr.,  of  Salem;  Second  Lieut.,  James  T. 
Lurvey,  of  Lowell. 

Company  C.     Captain,   Joseph  Scott  Todd,   of  Rowley; 
First  Lieut.,  George  W   Batchelder,  of  Salem;  Second  Lieut., 
Samuel  S.  Prime,  of  Rowley- 
Company  D.     Captain,  James  D.  Russell,  of  Boston;  First 
Lieut.,  Moncena  Dunn,  of  Roxbury;  Second  Lieut.,   John  P 
Reynolds,  Jr.,  of  Salem. 

Company  E.  Captain,  Andrew  Mahoney,  of  Boston; 
First  Lieut.,  David  Lee, of  Lancaster,  Pa.;  Second  Lieut.,  George 
M.  Barry,  of  Boston. 

Company  F      Captain,  Edmund  Rice,  of  Cambridge;  First 


ORGANIZATION    OF   THE   REGIMENT.  5 

Lieut.,  James  H.  Rice,  of  Brighton;  Second  Lieut.,  James  G.  C. 
Dodge,  of  Boston. 

Company  G.  Captain,  Harrison  G.  O.  Weymouth,  of 
Lowell;  First  Lieut.,  Samuel  D.  Hovey,  of  Cambridge;  Second 
Lieut.,  Dudley  C.  Mumford,  of  Medford. 

Company  H.  Captain,  William  H.  Wilson,  of  Boston;  First 
Lieut.,  Henry  A.  Hale,  of  Salem;  Second  Lieut.,  William  H. 
LeCain,  of  Boston. 

Company  I.  Captain,  Jonathan  F.  Plympton,  of  Boston; 
First  Lieut.,  Christopher  C.  Sampson,  of  Boston;  Second  Lieut., 
William  L.  Palmer,  of  Salem. 

Company  K.  Tiger  Fire  Zouaves,  of  Boston;  Captain, 
Ansel  D.  Wass;  First  Lieut.,  Eugene  Kelty;  Second  Lieut., 
Edward  P  Bishop. 

The  recruits  of  the  different  companies,  when  they  arrived 
at  Lynnfield,  caused  many  amusing  things  to  occur.  As  yet 
unskilled  in  all  the  soldiers'  arts,  untaught  in  all,  save  the  native 
courage  of  their  race,  these  country  boys  promised  little  of 
their  later  fame.  In  many  instances,  the  ' '  non-coms ' '  were  as 
verdant  in  matters  of  discipline  and  routine  as  were  the  men. 
A  corporal,  of  "A"  Co.  one  day,  in  posting  his  relief,  had  one 
more  man  than  he  had  posts,  so  he  made  a  new  post.  The 
Officer  of  the  Day  asked  him  what  he  had  done  with  the  extra 
man. 

"I  put  him  on  in  rear  of  the  ice  house,"  he  replied. 

"Who  gave  you  authority  to  do  so?" 

' '  Why,  I  supposed  I  was  to  use  my  men. " 

Another  time,  as  soon  as  the  guards  were  posted  they 
began  calling  for  the  Corporal  of  the  Guard  and  asking  him  for 
a  drink  of  water.  He  went  to  the  Officer  of  the  Day,  asked  if  it 
was  his  duty  to  carry  water  to  the  men  and  was  told  that  it  was. 
Then  for  two  hours  he  "toted"  the  water  pails  for  the  guards. 

The  officers  of  the  companies  were  anxious  to  have  the 
men  learn  the  tactics  as  quickly  as  possible,  and  drill  was  on 
early  and  late.  One  of  the  captains  was  a  very  energetic  officer 
in  this  respect,  and  long  before  daybreak,  with  his  First  Ser- 
geant, he  would  turn  out  the  recruits,  and,  as  the  other  men 


6  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

lay  in  their  tents  they  could  hear  him  calling,  "Left!  Left!" 
and  frequently  it  was  ' '  Sergeant,  tread  on  that  man 's  heels. ' ' 
When  Col.  Hinks  and  the  new  officers  came,  however,  one  of 
the  Salem  Zouaves  was  assigned  to  each  Company  as  Drill 
Master,  and  it  was  soon  evident  that  the  three  months  of  inde- 
pendent, hap-hazard  drill  had  been  worse  than  useless  and  was 
immediately  begun  over  again  in  the  regulation  manner. 

The  new  officers  went  earnestly  to  work  drilling  the  regi- 
ment and  many  a  hard  day  was  spent  tramping  over  the  field 
in  company  and  battalion  drill.  The  service  began  to  be  less 
like  a  picnic  as  each  day  passed,  but  the  men  were  getting 
acquainted  with  the  musket  and  receiving  that  preparation 
which  was  to  be  of  great  benefit  to  them  in  later  years. 

On  August  18,  Colonel  Hinks  received  the  following  letter: 

^COMMONWEALTH  OF  MASSACHUSETTS, 

Aug.  15,  1861. 
Sir: 

I  am  directed  by  His  Excellency,  the  Commander- 
in-Chief,  to  inform  you  that  the  exigencies  of  the  public 
service  are  such  as  imperatively  to  demand  that  your  regi- 
ment be  forwarded  to  the  seat  of  war  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment,  and  in  no  event  be  delayed  beyond  the  last  day 
of  the  month.  You  are  ordered  to  favor  expedition  in 
every  practicable  way. 

Yours  truly, 

Wm.  Schouler,  Adjt.  Gen. 

On  August  26, 1861,  the  following  order  was  issued : 


Commonwealth  op  Massachusetts, 
A.  G.  O.,  Boston,  Aug.  26,  1861. 
Col.  Hinks,  Com'd'g, 

19th  Regt.  Mass.  Vols. 
Sir: 

You  are  directed  to  proceed  with  your  command  on 
Tuesday,  27th  inst.,  to  Washington,  D.  C.  When  you 
arrive  there,  you  will  report  yourself  to  Brig.  Gen.  Mansfield 
U.S.A.  and  await  orders.  Quartermaster  General  Reed  is 
directed  to  furnish  you  with  transportation  for  your  Regi- 


ORGANIZATION    OF   THE   REGIMENT.  7 

ment  and  you  will  take  the  route  prescribed  in  the  orders 
you  receive  from  him. 

By  order  of  His  Excellency, 

John  A.  Andrew, 

Gov.  &  Com.  in  Chief. 

In  consequence  of  this,  the  following  Special  Order  was 
issued : 

S.  0.  411.  Commonwealth  op  Massachusetts, 

Headquarters,  Boston,  Aug.  27,  1861. 

Col.  Edw.  Hinks,  commanding  the  19th  Regt.  Mass. 
Vols.,  having  requested  that  the  rank  of  Company  Officers 
in  that  Regiment  be  fixed  as  follows,  the  Commander-in- 
Chief,  by  virtue  of  authority  vested  in  him  by  General  Order 
of  the  War  Department  of  the  United  States,  dated  May  4, 
1861,  directs  that  said  Company  Officers  take  rank  in  the 
order  following: 

Captains. 

1.  Ansel  D.  Wass. 

2.  Edmund  Rice. 

3.  Moses  P  Stanwood. 

4.  Harrison  G.  O.  Weymouth. 

5.  Andrew  Mahoney. 

6.  Jonathan  F   Plympton. 
7  James  D.  Russell. 

8.  Elijah  P  Rogers. 

9.  William  H.  Wilson. 
10.         J.  Scott  Todd. 

First  Lieutenants. 

1.  Charles  M.  Merritt. 

2.  George  W   Batchelder. 

3.  John  Hodges,  Jr. 

4.  Moncena  Dunn. 

5.  Christopher  C.  Sampson. 

6.  Henry  A.  Hale. 
7  Eugene  Kelty. 
S.  James  H.  Rice. 


THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

9.         Levi  Shaw,  Quartermaster. 

10.  John  C.  Chadwick,  Adjt. 

11.  David  Lee. 


Second  Lieutenants. 

1. 

John  P    Reynolds,  Jr. 

2. 

Isaac  H.  Boyd. 

3. 

James  G.  C.  Dodge. 

4. 

William  L.  Palmer. 

5. 

Dudley  C.  Mumford. 

6. 

Edward  P    Bishop. 

7 

James  T.  Lurvey. 

8. 

Samuel  S.  Prime. 

9. 

George  M.  Barry. 

10. 

Wm.  H.  LeCain. 

Col.  Hinks  will  promulgate  this  order. 

By  command  of  His  Excellency, 

John  A.  Andrew, 

Gov.  &  Com..  In  Chief, 

Wm.  Schouler, 

Adjt.  Gen. 

The  regiment  was  very  fortunate  in  having  one  of  the 
most  skillful  physicians  in  the  Army  for  its  surgeon,  Dr.  J. 
Franklin  Dyer.  He  was  a  man  of  gentle  temperament,  but 
thorough  in  every  detail  of  his  position  and  became  as  highly 
appreciated  in  the  brigade  division  and  corps  as  he  was  in  the 
regiment.  He  first  attracted  the  attention  of  the  Brigade  by 
the  skillful  manner  in  which  he  took  part  in  stamping  out  an 
epidemic  of  measles  in  the  Seventh  Michigan  in  the  Fall  of  1861 
at  Camp  Benton,  preventing  its  spread  in  the  Brigade. 

He  always  looked  after  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  camp 
with  untiring  zeal  and  this  fact  alone  explains  the  healthy  con- 
dition of  the  Nineteenth,  often  under  very  trying  circumstances. 
Surgeon  Dyer  will  be  remembered  both  for  his  personality  and 
for  those  qualities  which,  when  found  in  a  man  of  his  ability, 
make  a  great  surgeon. 


COLONEL  EDWARD  WARD   HINKS. 

SINCE  CHANGED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE   MASSACHUSETTS  LEGISLATURE  TO  EDWARD  WINSLOW  HINOKS. 

BRIG.  GEN'L.  U.  S.  A.  AND  BREVET  MAJ.  GEN'L.  U.  S.  V. 

(Enlarged  from  small  war-time  photograph.) 


CHAPTER  II. 

OFF   TO   THE   FRONT. 

The  full  equipment  for  the  regiment  was  not  received  in 
time  to  enable  it  to  leave  by  the  27th  of  August,  but  all  was 
in  readiness  on  the  following  day.  The  men  were  ordered  to 
strike  tents  on  Tuesday  night,  Aug.  27,  and  prepare  to  march. 
Two  days'  rations  were  issued,  consisting  of  four  sandwiches, 
or  eight  crackers,  and  four  pieces  of  ham. 

The  Nineteenth  Regiment  was  the  fourteenth  organization 
of  Massachusetts'  Volunteers  to  enlist  for  the  war  and  its 
members  made  a  very  creditable  showing  when,  in  heavy 
marching  order,  they  were  waiting  for  the  train  that  was  to 
take  them  to  Boston. 

At  about  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  Wednesday, 
August  28,  the  regiment  was  formed  in  line,  a  short  drill  took 
place,  and  then  the  State  Colors  were  presented  and  turned 
over  to  the  Color  Guard.  Col.  Hinks  in  accepting  them  said 
that  he  ' '  intended  making  the  regiment  the  best  that  the  state 
had  furnished. "  Dress  parade  was  then  called,  the  last  one  in 
camp,  and  the  regiment,  791  in  number,  filed  on  board  the  cars, 
already  waiting  at  the  side  of  the  camp  ground.  Everybody 
was  cheering.  Hasty  farewells  were  said,  and  the  train  slowly 
started  over  the  South  Reading  Branch  of  the  Eastern  railroad. 

The  farmhouses  along  the  route  were  alive  with  people 
who  shouted  and  waved  handkerchiefs  in  farewell  to  the  troops. 
The  station  at  Salem  was  filled  with  the  friends  and  relatives 
of  the  men;  a  salute  was  fired  from  a  small  cannon  and  the 
officers  were  presented  with  bouquets.  There  was  no  time 
for  a  special  demonstration,  however,  and  the  train  went  on  to 
Lynn,  the  home  of  Colonel  Hinks,  en  route  to  Boston,  where 
a  great  crowd  greeted  it. 

The  regimental  wagon  train  then  was  larger  than  that  of 

(9) 


10  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

an  army  corps  in  active  service  later.  Each  company  had  a 
four-horse  wagon,  headquarters  two,  quartermaster  four. 
There  were  in  all  sixteen  wagons,  painted  the  regulation  blue, 
beside  the  ambulances. 

Boston  was  reached  at  5.15  o'clock  and  an  immense  crowd 
welcomed  the  regiment  at  the  station.  The  men  quickly 
formed  in  column  and  marched  through  Canal,  Blackstone, 
Commercial,  State,  Washington,  School  and  Beacon  Streets  to 
the  common,  where  a  halt  was  made.  Here  an  hour's  rest  was 
had  and  an  opportunity  given  for  a  final  leave  taking  of  friends 
and  relatives.  The  regiment  was  visited  here  by  Adjutant 
General  William  Schouler  and  Quartermaster  General  John  H. 
Reed,  and  here  the  Chaplain,  Rev.  J.  C.  Cromack,  was  presented, 
by  William  B.  May,  with  a  beautiful  sword,  belt  and  sash. 

This  visit  to  Boston  was  a  great  event  for  the  members 
from  the  country  towns,  many  of  whom  had  never  seen  the 
city  and  their  great  desire  to  see  Boston  Common  and  the 
State  House  was  now  gratified.  They  felt  jolly  and  were 
bound  to  make  the  most  of  the  "picnic. "  Awkward,  helpless 
in  all  these  small  prosaic  arts  by  which  the  veteran  ekes  out 
the  scant  comforts  of  a  soldier's  life,  like  all  new  regiments, 
the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  well  fitted  to  excite  a  smile 
as  they  trod  the  streets  on  their  way  to  the  ' '  sacred  soil. ' ' 

From  the  Common  they  marched,  at  7.30  P.M.,  to  the 
Old  Colony  depot,  accompanied  by  the  band  of  the  Seventeenth 
Massachusetts  Regiment,  taking  the  train  and  the  Fall  River 
Line  boat  for  New  York. 

As  the  steamer  rounded  into  the  North  River  on  the  morn- 
ing of  August  29,  it  was  hailed  with  cheers,  the  waving  of  flags 
and  firing  of  guns.  As  it  approached  a  United  States  warship, 
the  drums  were  heard  to  beat  to  quarters,  and,  as  the  steamer 
passed  abreast  of  her,  the  sailors  manned  the  yards,  swinging 
their  caps  and  gave  three  cheers  and  a  tiger.  They  then  dis- 
appeared as  suddenly  as  they  had  sprung  up,  the  event  making 
a  very  pleasing  impression  upon  the  spectators. 

The  regiment  arrived  at  New  York  at  1.00  P.M.  on  August 
29,  was  met  by  a  delegation  of  the  "Sons  of  Massachusetts" 
and  marched  in  double  files  to  the  barracks  in  City  Hall  Park, 


OFF    TO    THE    FRONT.  11 

where  dinner  was  served,  it  having  been  prepared  by  Assistant 
Quartermaster  Frank  E.  Howe,  of  New  York. 

The  officers  sat  down  in  the  northern  room  of  the  barracks, 
which  were  handsomely  decorated, — the  following  inscription 
appearing  at  the  end  of  the  great  room:  "New  York  Seventh 
and  Massachusetts  Sixth  and  Eighth, — brothers  in  arms  who 
saved  our  Nation's  Capital."  The  state  flag  of  Massachusetts 
was  suspended  over  the  tables,  which  were  tastefully  garnished 
with  fruits  and  vegetables  of  the  season,  together  with  an  occa- 
sional long-necked  bottle.  Some  of  the  enlisted  men  were 
given  a  testament  and  they  were  then  allowed  to  roam  about 
the  city  for  a  time  after  dinner. 

Some  of  the  men  struck  up: 

' '  Nineteenth  regiment  is  marching  on, 
Nineteenth  regiment  is  marching  on, 
Glory,  Glory,  Hallelujah — 
Glory,  Glory,  Hallelujah, 
As  Hinks  goes  marching  on. ' ' 

The  regiment  left  the  City  Hall  Park,  marched  up  Broad- 
way, countermarched  at  the  Metropolitan  hotel,  passed  through 
Canal  to  Vestry  Street,  to  Pier  39,  North  River,  and  went  on 
board  the  Ferry  boat  "John  Potter,"  of  the  Camden  and 
Amboy  Line,  taking  the  cars  at  Perth  Amboy  for  Washington. 
On  the  march  through  the  streets  of  New  York  City,  cheers  were 
given  for  "the  Union,"  "The  Commonwealth,"  "The  Hub  of 
the  Universe"  and  "Our  New  York  Friends."  The  journey 
to  Baltimore  was  one  continuous  ovation.  Not  much  sleep 
was  had,  as  the  regiment  was  met  at  every  station  and  all  along 
the  line  with  great  enthusiasm,  crowds  cheering,  flags  flying, 
and,  at  many  places,  the  firing  of  cannon.  The  regiment 
arrived  in  Philadelphia  at  3.30  in  the  morning  being  quartered 
and  fed  at ' '  The  Cooper  Shop ' '  refreshment  saloon.  Its  coming 
into  the  city  had  been  signalled  to  the  people  at  ' '  The  Cooper 
Shop"  by  the  firing  of  a  cannon,  as  was  the  custom  when  a 
regiment  arrived,  en  route  to  the  seat  of  war. 

At  Baltimore,  the  regiment  formed  in  line,  fixed  bayonets 
and  then  marched  through  the  streets  from  the  upper  to  the 


12  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

lower  station.  The  band  played  the  national  airs,  the  flags 
were  flying  and  there  was  no  lagging  behind.  Everyone  looked 
for  a  different  greeting  from  that  they  received  in  Philadelphia, 
and  got  it,  for  the  regiment  received  no  attention  whatever, 
except  two  faint  cheers  from  three  persons,  led  by  a  United 
States  soldier.  As  it  marched  through  the  streets  where  the 
men  of  the  Sixth  had  met  with  so  warm  a  reception,  the  bullet 
marks  on  the  buildings  were  pointed  out.  The  mayor  of  the 
city  accompanied  the  regiment  and  the  people  looked  and 
acted  much  like  other  people,  but  did  not  seem  glad  to  see  the 
Nineteenth. 

The  journey  from  Baltimore  to  Washington  was  long  and 
tedious.  The  train  was  continually  being  side-tracked  to 
allow  the  regular  passenger  trains  to  pass.  At  one  of  these 
stops,  First  Lieutenant  John  Hodges,  Jr.,  of  Company  B,  was 
in  danger  of  being  left  behind,  and  the  men  of  his  company 
unshackled  their  car  to  prevent  its  departure  without  their 
popular  officer.  At  frequent  intervals,  soldiers  were  seen  doing 
guard  duty  on  the  railroad,  and,  for  the  first  time,  the  members 
of  the  Nineteenth  saw  men  being  punished  at  the  guard  house. 
One  was  seen  with  his  head  through  a  barrel  and  another  was 
carrying  a  heavy  log  of  wood. 

At  midnight,  August  30,  the  regiment  arrived  in  Washing- 
ton and  was  halted  at  ' '  The  Soldiers '  Rest. ' '  The  Nineteenth 
had  to  stand  under  arms  until  a  Pennsylvania  regiment  had 
eaten  supper.  The  meal  furnished  was  very  bad.  A  vigorous 
protest  was  instituted  by  Col.  Hinks  at  the  quality  of  food  sup- 
plied, and  on  the  following  morning  a  more  respectable  meal 
was  served. 

Some  of  the  companies  of  the  Nineteenth  were  obliged  to 
camp  on  the  platform  outside  of  the  building  that  night  because 
a  Pennsylvania  regiment  occupied  the  barracks.  The  other 
companies  slept  on  the  floor.  The  night  was  warm  and  the 
men  outside  slept  soundly.  When  they  awoke  it  was  to 
witness  a  strange  scene.  A  great  number  of  hogs  were  running 
about,  grunting  and  squealing  and  eating  of  the  refuse  matter 
that  lay  in  the  muddy  streets.  It  was  the  first  time  most  of 
the  men  had  seen  hogs  running  at  large.     Some  resented  the 


OFF   TO    THE   FRONT.  13 

presence  of  the  intruders,  and  one  was  heard  to  exclaim,  "I 

didn't  think  I  was  coming  out  here  to  be  rooted  over  by  d 

hogs. ' ' 

Many  of  the  boys  chased  them,  but  with  poor  success,  and 
then  an  old  pump  was  found  and  the  morning  toilet  was  made. 
The  younger  element  in  the  ranks  appreciated  the  novelty  of 
their  experiences  and  found  no  fault,  declaring  "  It 's  all  in  the 
three  years,  and  is  nothing  after  you  get  used  to  it. " 

During  the  afternoon  the  regiment  marched  down  Penn- 
sylvania Avenue  for  three  miles  to  Meridian  Hill,  where  it  estab- 
lished camp,  and  here  Colonel  Hinks  instituted  the  rigid  system 
of  instruction  which  was  observed  in  the  regiment  as  long  as 
he  retained  command  of  it.  Meridian  Hill  was  well  wooded 
and  commanded  a  fine  view  of  the  surrounding  country,  with 
the  Potomac  but  a  mile  and  a  half  distant. 

About  the  first  thing  that  happened  to  the  regiment  after 
it  reached  Meridian  Hill  was  the  taking  by  the  government  of 
its  nicely  painted  wagons  and  the  horses,  and  the  issuance  in 
their  place  of  the  conventional  army  wagons,  drawn  by  six 
mules,  giving  ten  wagons,  only,  to  the  regiment  and  one  addi- 
tional for  headquarters,  in  place  of  the  sixteen  which  had  been 
brought  from  Lynnfield. 

After  the  regiment  reached  Meridian  Hill,  the  fact  that 
some  of  its  officers  and  men  had  served  in  the  Three  Month's 
Regiments  previously  was  found  to  be  of  great  advantage,  for 
they  already  had  made  many  acquaintances  among  the 
military  officials  at  the  Capitol  and  throughout  the  District. 
Colonel  Hinks  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Devereux  were  both  well- 
known.  The  Nineteenth's  officers  received  much  more  atten- 
tion from  the  officers  of  other  organizations  because  of  their 
wide  acquaintance  than  otherwise  would  have  been  the  case. 


CHAPTER  III. 

IN    CAMP   AT   MERIDIAN   HILL. 

As  soon  as  the  camp  at  Meridian  Hill  was  established 
Major  Howe  was  appointed  instructor  of  officers  and  men  in 
guard  duty,  police,  etc.;  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  instructor  of 
officers  and  men  in  school  of  the  soldier,  school  of  the  company, 
etc.;  while  Colonel  Hinks  was  instructor  of  the  regiment  in  the 
school  of  the  battalion  and  in  skirmishing,  and  of  the  officers  in 
making  papers,  muster-rolls  and  returns.  The  regiment  was 
drilled  by  company  or  by  battalion  eight  hours  in  each  day, 
and  an  officers '  school  was  held  at  headquarters  three  evenings 
each  week. 

Each  Sunday  was  given  over  to  the  reading  of  the  Articles 
of  War  to  the  men.  It  seemed  to  them  that  whatever  they  did, 
the  penalty  was  that  they  be  shot,  "or  such  other  punishment 
as  may  be  inflicted  by  courtmartial. ' ' 

Sunday  morning  inspection  was  also  established  and  the 
first  one  was  decidedly  amusing.  The  order  was  for  all  men  to 
be  in  the  line.  This  included  everyone  connected  with  the  regi- 
ment, cooks,  clerks,  teamsters,  detailed  men,  etc.  The  regular 
members  of  the  regiment  were  much  interested  at  seeing  the 
extra  men  in  line. 

The  wagoner  of  one  of  the  companies  had  not  seen  his  mus- 
ket since  he  first  received  it  at  Lynnfield.  He  knew  nothing  of 
the  manual,  neither  did  the  regimental  mail  carrier.  As  Lieut. 
Col.  Devereux  came  down  the  line  and  the  men  threw  up  their 
guns  for  inspection,  the  first  named  did  it  in  fairly  good  shape, 
having  watched  his  comrades  on  the  right.  The  officer  looked 
at  his  musket  and  then  at  him. 

' '  What  do  you  mean  by  bringing  such  a  musket  for  inspec- 
tion?" 

' '  It  ought  to  be  all  right, ' '  said  the  wagoner.     "  It 's  brand 
new  and  I  've  never  used  it  since  it  was  given  to  me. ' ' 
(14) 


IN    CAMP    AT    MERIDIAN    HILL.  15 

With  a  reprimand  the  officer  passed  on  and  soon  came  to 
the  mail  carrier,  who  had  not  been  as  sharp  as  the  wagoner 
and  had  not  watched  the  others.  As  the  Lieutenant  Colonel 
stood  before  him,  he  remained  quiet  and  modestly  blushed. 
The  Lieutenant  Colonel  surveyed  him  from  head  to  foot. 

"Why  don't  you  bring  up  your  musket?" 

The  wagoner  took  it  in  his  RIGHT  HAND  and  pushed 
it  toward  him. 

"Don't  you  know  any  better  than  that?" 

"No,"  exclaimed  the  embarrassed  man,  "I  wish  I  hadn't 
come  out  here.     I  was  sure  I 'd  get  into  trouble  if  I  did. ' ' 

The  officer  smiled  and  passed  on,  but,  after  that,  extra 
duty  men  were  excused  from  Sunday  inspection. 

As  the  days  passed  rapidly  by,  the  men  of  the  regiment  put 
on  more  and  more  the  look  and  air  of  soldiers;  daily  they  drilled 
and  worked  and  worked  and  drilled;  daily  they  cursed  more 
and  more  the  grim  figure  at  headquarters,  who  was  the  genius 
of  all  this  unaccustomed  toil.  Of  the  future  worth  of  all  this 
drill,  fatigue  and  labor,  many  had  small  idea  and  few  had  none 
whatever. 

When  encamped  at  Meridian  Hill,  the  Seventh  Michigan 
Regiment  arrived  and  camped  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street. 
Close  friendships  immediately  sprang  up  between  the  men  of 
the  Nineteenth  and  those  of  the  SeArenth,  which  lasted  during 
the  entire  service  of  the  regiments.  The  Michigan  men  were 
forced  to  do  guard  duty  with  sticks  until  fitted  out  by  the  gene- 
ral government,  as  they  brought  no  muskets  with  them. 

The  Nineteenth  Regiment  was  assigned  to  the  brigade  of 
Gen.  Frederick  W  Lander  and  ordered  to  march  to  Poolesville, 
Md.,  then  the  headquarters  of  that  division,  known  as  the  "Corps 
of  Observation,"  Gen.  Charles  P   Stone,  commanding. 

The  march  was  from  Washington  through  Leesboro,  Rock- 
ville  and  Darnestown.  It  was  the  first  march  made  by  the 
men  and  to  the  "tender-feet"  a  very  hard  one.  It  developed 
the  interesting  fact,  however,  that  the  boys  who  were  fresh 
from  school  or  indoor  life,  could  endure  more  than  the  men  of 
mature  years  who  had  at  first  laughed  at  them. 

On  the  first  night  of  the  march  the  men  camped  by  the 


16  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

side  of  a  stream.  Supper  was  cooked  with  water  taken  from 
this  stream  and  on  the  following  morning  a  dead  mule  was 
found  above  the  camp,  it  having  been  in  the  middle  of  the 
stream  for  at  least  three  days. 

Poolesville  was  reached  on  the  following  evening,  and  the 
men  were  greeted  by  the  members  of  the  Fifteenth  Massachu- 
setts Regiment,  and  the  various  companies  of  that  organization 
entertained  the  corresponding  companies  of  the  Nineteenth. 
They  had  been  warned  of  their  coming  and  had  prepared  supper 
and  coffee.  This  thoughtfulness  was  greatly  appreciated  and 
formed  a  solid  basis  of  good  feeling  between  the  two  regiments, 
which  lasted  throughout  the  war. 

On  the  following  day,  September  15,  the  regiment  marched 
about  two  miles  to  Camp  Benton,  near  Edward's  Ferry.  The 
camp  was  on  a  plain,  with  a  brook  running  along  the  front  and 
woodland  to  the  left.  Here  the  drill  and  instruction  was  con- 
tinued from  morning  until  night,  interspersed  at  intervals  with 
picket  duty.  In  a  short  time  such  a  high  state  of  discipline  was 
obtained  that  soldiers  from  other  states  would  surround  the 
guard  lines  at  drill  and  watch  the  manoeuvres.  They  dubbed 
the  regiment  ' '  The  Nineteenth  Regulars ' '  because  of  its  mag- 
nificent drill.  It  was  especially  proficient  in  the  manual  of 
arms, using  Lieut. Col.  Devereux's manual, in  whichalltook  great 
pride.  It  differed  from  that  of  other  regiments  in  many  ways 
and  was  very  attractive  and  interesting.  Said  an  officer  of  the 
regiment  (Dr.  Dyer)  in  writing  home,  September  29,  1861, — 
"Through  the  untiring  exertions  of  Colonel  Hinks,  who  is  em- 
phatically a  working  man,  the  general  condition  of  the  regiment 
has  vastly  improved :  cleanliness  and  order  are  strictly  enforced. 
Under  the  superintendence  of  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  the  com- 
panies have  acquired  a  proficiency  in  drill  not  surpassed  by 
many  older  troops.  Under  charge  of  Major  Howe,  the  impor- 
tant duties  of  the  guard  are  well  attended  to.  Other  depart- 
ments are  in  good  hands,  and  a  system  of  strict  accountability 
is  rigidly  enforced." 

The  other  troops  in  the  brigade  were  the  Twentieth  Massa- 
chusetts and  the  Seventh  Michigan,  Forty-Second  New  York 
(Tammany),   Captain  Saunders'  Company    of    Sharpshooters 


IN    CAMP    AT    MERIDIAN    HILL.  17 

(First  Company  of  Massachusetts  Sharpshooters)  and  Captain 
Vaughn 's  battery  of  Rhode  Island  Artillery.  Small ' '  bunches" 
of  recruits  were  received  from  various  sources  while  here,  43 
being  added  from  the  14th  of  September  to  the  27th.  Shortly 
after  the  command  was  located  at  Camp  Benton,  six  companies 
of  the  regiment,  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  E  and  F,  were  detailed, 
at  various  times,  as  pickets  along  the  Potomac  River,  between 
Shelden's  Island  and  Conrad's  Ferry.  Companies  B,  C,  and  E, 
were  stationed  below  the  crossing  at  Edward 's  Ferry, — D,  above 
it,  and,  still  further  to  the  right,  opposite  Harrison's  Island, 
were  companies  F  and  A.  On  their  right  was  the  line  of  the 
Fifteenth  Massachusetts.  They  continued  on  this  duty  until 
the  disaster  at  Ball 's  Bluff,  three  weeks  later.  The  rebel  pickets 
were  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  within  easy  hailing  distance, 
and  the  music  of  their  bands,  playing  "Dixie"  and  "Bonnie 
Blue  Flag,"  etc.,  could  plainly  be  heard. 

On  October  2,  a  few  men  of  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts 
were  sent  over  to  Harrison's  Island  to  reconnoitre.  It  was 
found  to  be  deserted  and  for  some  days  thereafter  a  picket  post 
was  kept  on  the  island  during  the  day,  being  withdrawn  at  night. 
Later,  the  post  was  kept  there  through  the  entire  twenty-four 
hours.  Gen.  Stone,  commanding  the  Corps  of  Observation, 
rode  down  every  day  to  learn  the  movements  of  the  enemy. 

The  station  of  Companies  B,  and  C,  was  on  a  hill  near  the 
river,  where  they  supported  a  section  of  two  guns  of  Vaughn 's 
Rhode  Island  Battery,  posted  there.  They  called  the  place 
"Camp  Straw."  The  work  was  very  light  and  much  freedom 
was  enjoyed.  The  men  improved  the  opportunity  to  have  a 
change  of  rations  by  buying  food  from  the  farmers.  An  old 
colored  "mammy's"  squash  and  sweet  potato  pies  were  be- 
lieved to  be  great  luxuries  by  those  who  had  never  bought  them. 
No  one  ever  patronized  her  twice. 

The  men  of  the  six  companies  who  were  on  picket  duty 
were  under  command  of  Capt.  Edmund  Rice  and  lived  in  cozy 
little  shanties  which  were  very  comfortable,  except  in  heavy 
storms,  when  they  were  not  quite  as  dry  as  the  men  might  have 
wished. 

While  at  Camp  Benton,  dress  coats,  with  brass  shoulder 


18  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

scales  and  leather  neck  stocks,  were  issued,  and,  when  not  in 
line  or  on  guard  the  spare  moments  of  the  men  were  spent  in 
cleaning  the  brasses.  The  government  pay  of  "$13.00  per" 
was  hard  earned.  In  addition  to  the  usual  camp  guard,  a 
detail  from  each  regiment  in  the  brigade  was  detailed  on  "grand 
guard"  duty  on  the  outskirts,  the  tour  of  duty  being  24  hours. 
The  purpose  was  to  keep  men  from  going  too  far  from  camp, 
observe  everything  of  a  suspicious  nature,  and  protect  private 
property. 

Here  the  men  became  inured  to  the  army  ration  and  there 
were  many  new  dishes  created  to  relieve  the  monotonous  diet. 
"Lobskause"  was  one  of  these, —  a  hash  of  hard  bread  and 
pork,  boiled  with  water  until  it  had  acquired  the  consistency 
of  chowder.  This  was  a  rare  dish,  however,  being  made  only 
when  there  was  a  sufficiency  of  pork  and  hard  bread  and  nothing 
else, —  three  occurrences  of  infrequent  conjugation. 

Often  the  long  roll  would  beat  in  the  middle  of  the  night. 
The  men  would  turn  out,  march  at  double-quick  to  Edward 's 
Ferry  and  up  the  tow  path  to  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal, 
lay  on  their  arms  during  the  rest  of  the  night  and  march  back 
to  camp  in  the  morning.  At  first  the  men  thought  the  rebels 
were  crossing  the  river,  but  as  no  such  movements  were  ever 
witnessed,  it  came  to  be  believed  that  these  pleasant  excursions 
were  part  of  the  necessary  drill,  there  not  being  enough  hours  of 
daylight  to  permit  of  the  desired  instructions.  The  enlisted 
men,  however,  were  not  the  only  ones  who  had  to  work,  as  the 
line  officers  were  being  constantly  drilled  also. 

The  regimental  band  of  24  pieces,  under  bandmaster  John 
A.  Spofford,  and  a  squad  of  recruits  under  Lieut.  Bishop,  of 
Company  K,  reached  Camp  Benton  on  September  27,  1861, 
and  then  the  music  became  a  feature  of  regimental  life. 

On  the  15th  of  October  a  detail  of  25  men  from  Company  I, 
under  Sergt.  Harris,  were  ordered  to  Edward 's  Ferry  to  report 
to  the  Officer  of  the  Day  at  that  point.  Two  old  scows  had 
been  discovered,  sunk  deep  in  the  waters  of  the  canal.  This 
detail  from  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  ordered  to  raise 
them,  bail  them  out  and  caulk  the  seams.  In  the  late  afternoon, 
they  were  moored  above  the  lock  and  the  detail  returned  to 


IN    CAMP   AT    MERIDIAN   HILL.  19 

camp,  little  realizing  that  the  two  scows  which  they  had  raised 
would  play  such  an  important  part  in  the  events  of  the  follow- 
ing week. 

At  this  time  the  regiment  still  lacked  194  of  its  full  quota, 
and  there  were  49  officers  and  men  on  the  sick  list. 

Much  of  the  sickness  was  due  to  the  want  of  proper  clothing 
and  blankets.  The  overcoats  with  which  the  regiment  was 
furnished  were  of  a  very  light  fabric,  entirely  insufficient  for  the 
protection  of  the  men,  especially  those  upon  duty  at  night. 
The  blankets  also  were  very  light  and  the  men  suffered  much 
from  the  cold.  Chills  and  intermittent  fever  were  the  prevail- 
ing diseases. 


CHAPTER  IV 

THE    BALLS   BLUFF    DISASTER. 

On  October  21,  1861,  Col.  Hinks  was  informed  at  1  P.  M., 
by  Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  of  Company  F,  commanding  the  com- 
panies on  the  river,  that  his  detachment  was  ordered  to  cross 
to  the  Virginia  side  as  soon  as  certain  other  regiments  had 
preceeded  him.  Col.  Hinks  and  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  imme- 
diately repaired  to  the  point  of  crossing,  some  four  miles  from 
camp.  The  weather  was  superb  and  the  spirits  of  the  men 
were  high,  as  they  scented  a  movement  on  the  part  of  the  army. 

The  six  companies  at  the  river  were  collected  and  they 
joined  the  regiment.  Xo  one  had  eaten  and  all  were  hungry 
By  the  time  these  companies  joined,  Col.  Hinks  found  himself 
the  senior  officer  at  the  Ferry,  and  assumed  direction  of  the 
transportation  across  the  river.  He  had  a  portion  of  the  First 
California,  a  battalion  of  the  Forty-Second  New  York  (Tam- 
many) and  four  pieces  of  artillery  to  throw  across,  before  his 
own  regiment  could  move. 

Meanwhile,  the  camp  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  had 
been  left  in  charge  of  Second  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  LeCain,  and  his 
only  command  was  the  few  sick  and  convalescents  who  had 
been  left  behind.  As  the  band  had  not  been  taken  with  the 
regiment,  its  musicians  were  ordered  to  do  guard  duty.  This 
was  rather  a  serious  incident  in  the  life  of  the  musicians,  for, 
in  all  the  little  command  left  for  guard  duty,  there  was  but 
one  gun  and  that  an  old  one.  The  rest  were  ' '  armed "  with 
sticks  and  staves. 

The  transportation  from  the  shore  to  Harrison's  Island  was 
very  poor  and  insufficient  and  the  work  of  crossing  slow,  ard- 
uous and  tedious.  There  were  only  three  miserable  hulks,  dig- 
nified by  the  name  of  scows.  The  two  previously  raised  by 
the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  capable  of  carrying  30  men 
each, — the  third  of  capacity  sufficient  to  carry  60  men,  or  one 
(20) 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  21 

piece  of  artillery  and  its  horses.  These  scows  had  to  be  poled 
up  stream  and  allowed  to  drop  slowly  down  and  across  to  Har- 
rison's Island,  a  long,  narrow  reach  of  land,  which,  at  that 
point  divided  the  stream.  The  recent  rains  had  so  swollen  the 
river  as  to  make  this  work  dangerous  and  difficult.  Only  120 
men  could  be  transported  to  the  island  in  an  hour. 

The  first  boat  was  launched  and  manned  by  men  of  Capt. 
Rice's  company,  Co.F.,  and  they  continued  throughout  the  day 
and  the  night  to  work  the  boats  between  the  Maryland  shore 
and  the  island,  which  was  about  an  eighth  of  a  mile  in  width. 
Ropes,  taken  from  canal  boats,  were  finally  stretched  across 
the  stream,  and  by  this  means  the  boats  could  be  pulled 
across,  hand  over  hand,   and  thus  make  more  frequent  trips. 

The  First  California  regiment,  Col.  Baker,  then  acting  Brig- 
adier General,  the  New  York  (Tammany)  Col.  Coggswell,  the 
Twentieth  Massachusetts,  Col.  Lee,  a  section  of  Vaughn's  bat- 
tery and  two  mountain  howitzers  were  poled  across  to  the  is- 
land. After  some  difficulty  a  fourth  scow  was  hauled  out  of 
the  canal  and  into  the  river,  by  Col.  Baker's  command,  but  in 
trying  to  get  the  artillery  across  on  it,  the  current  carried  it  too 
far  down  the  stream,  and  for  a  long  time  that  scow  was  useless 
but  was  eventually  brought  back  to  the  landing. 

Finally  the  largest  scow  was  poled  up  and  around  the  isl- 
and to  the  Virginia  side,  where  the  channel  was  about  175 
yards  in  width  and  the  current  very  swift.  This  single  scow 
was  the  only  means  of  transportation  from  the  island  to  the 
Virginia  shore,  except  a  very  light  life  boat,  capable  of  holding 
only  15  or  16  persons.  Into  the  scow,  horses,  men  and  artil- 
lery piled,  reached  the  Virginia  shore,  ascended  the  bank,  ten 
feet  high, — clayey  and  slippery, — and  then  climbed  the  bluff, 
100  to  150  feet  high,  by  handfulls,  to  await  slaughter  at  the 
enemy's  convenience. 

Company  K.  of  the  Nineteenth,  and  the  Andrew  Sharp- 
shooters, under  Major  Howe,  had  crossed  the  river  at  Edward's 
Ferry  and  were  with  Gen.  Lander  when  he  received  a  severe 
wound.  These  remained  on  the  Virginia  side  nearly  all  day, 
finally  recrossing  at  Edward's  Ferry  and  rejoining  the  regiment 
at  Harrison's  Island. 


22  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

During  the  time  occupied  in  ferrying  the  different  com- 
mands to  the  island,  the  various  regiments  stood  in  line  on  the 
tow  path,  awaiting  their  turn.  The  Fifteenth  Massachusetts, 
First  California,  Twentieth  Massachusetts  and  some  others  had 
already  crossed.  The  battle  was  in  progress,  and  wounded  and 
dead  men  filled  the  places  of  the  living  as  the  scows  returned 
for  a  new  load.  Standing  thus,  inactive,  it  was  a  sickening 
sight  to  see  men  with  their  heads,  arms  and  legs  tied  up  in 
bloody  bandages  and  hear  the  groans  of  the  poor  fellows  as  they 
were  helped  out  and  slowly  moved  along  the  front  of  the  regi- 
ments. The  sight  of  the  body  of  a  soldier  who  had  been  killed, 
and  the  presence  of  so  many  wounded,  had  a  disheartening 
effect  upon  many 

Instinctively  there  was  a  hush  along  the  entire  line,  and 
hats  were  raised  as  the  body  of  Gen.  Baker,  covered  with  an 
American  flag,  was  tenderly  lifted  out  of  the  scow  and  slowly 
borne  along  the  front.  This  incident  had  almost  a  demoraliz- 
ing effect,  but  the  command  to  ' '  Pile  in  lively,  boys ' '  occupied 
the  attention  at  once  and  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  jumped 
into  the  scow  and  hauled  it  over  to  the  island,  just  at  dusk, 
Company  F,  being  the  left  flank  company,  was  the  last  to  cross, 
and  the  sight  of  Gen.  Baker's  body  had  so  angered  the  men 
that  as  they  poled  their  boat  over,  they  sang  with  vigor, 
"We'll  hang  Jeff  Davis  to  a  Sour  Apple  Tree." 

The  regiment  marched  in  line  across  the  island  at  sunset, 
just  in  time  to  see  the  worsted  Union  forces,  hotly  pursued,  fly- 
ing in  disorder  down  the  opposite  bank,  and  at  once  took  a  stand 
where  they  could  aid  in  repelling  the  advance  of  the  enemy 

The  scene  of  carnage  there  witnessed  cannot  adequately 
be  described.  The  men  were  just  in  time  to  see  a  little  12- 
pounder,  which  had  been  carried  up  on  to  the  bluff,  spiked 
and  tumbled  over  the  cliff  into  the  river.  It  had  done  valiant 
work,  but  all  except  two  of  its  crew  had  been  killed  or  dis- 
abled and  in  no  other  way  than  by  destroying  it  could  the  fleeing 
men  save  it  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  confederates. 
The  exultant  cries  of  the  foe  rose  above  all  the  other  up- 
roar of  battle  as  the  Union  men  were  pushed  back  to  the 
brink  of  the  bluff  and  nothing  remained,  apparently,  but  sur- 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  23 

render  or  merciless  slaughter.  Col.  Cogswell,  of  the  Tam- 
many troops,  ordered  the  men  to  throw  their  guns  into  the 
river  and  escape  as  they  could.  Some  refused  to  flee  further 
and  stood  upon  the  bluff,  loading  and  firing,  until  they  were 
shot  down.  As  one  rebel  officer  afterward  said :  ' '  Fewer  of 
the  Massachusetts  officers  would  have  been  killed,  if  they 
had  not  been  too  proud  to  surrender."  Col.  Devens  of  the 
Fifteenth  Massachusetts  explained  in  his  report  that  "under 
the  circumstances,  he  would  have  surrendered  to  a  foreign 
foe,  but  to  traitors  and  rebels,  never!" 

The  hurrying  crowd  of  the  broken  ranks,  rushing  into 
the  stream  and  clamoring  into  the  single  scow  that  formed 
the  only  communication  with  the  Virginia  shore  and  the 
island,  and  could  carry  but  thirty  people,  swamped  it  in  a 
moment,  and  many  were  drowned  as  it  went  down.  The  loss 
of  this  boat  rendered  any  further  passage  by  this  means  im- 
possible, as  the  little  life  boat  which  had  previously  been 
used  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  rebels. 

Col.  Devens  swam  across  the  river,  despite  his  wound, 
and  Lieut.  John  P  Reynolds,  Jr.  assisted  him  up  the  bank. 
Some  strong  swimmers,  divesting  themselves  of  most  of  their 
clothing,  succeeded  in  reaching  the  island,  while  some  secured 
boards  and  logs,  but  the  shots  from  above  fell  incessantly 
upon  them  and  large  numbers  were  wounded  or  killed.  Col. 
Cogswell,  of  the  Forty-Second  New  York  and  Col.  Lee  of  the 
Twentieth  Massachusetts  were  captured. 

There  was  a  farmhouse  on  the  island,  directly  in  the  line 
of  transit,  and  this  was  at  once  turned  into  a  hospital,  every 
room  being  occupied   by  the  wounded. 

In  consequence  of  the  shooting  of  wounded  men  by  the 
enemy  on  the  bluff,  Col.  Hinks,  who  retained  command  of  the 
troops  on  the  island,  determined  to  do  something  to  stop  it. 
Lieut.  Reynolds  was  detailed,  with  16  men,  to  proceed  under 
cover  of  the  darkness  to  the  front  of  the  island,  dig  a  number 
of  holes, — like  post  holes, — throw  up  the  dirt  as  an  embank- 
ment in  front  and  drop  a  man  into  each,  to  fire  across  the 
river  and  thus  protect,  as  far  as  possible,  the  retreat  of  the 
wounded. 


24  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  island  upon  this  side  was  merely  an  open  plain, 
without  trees  or  shrubbery,  and  the  frowning  bluff  opposite 
seemed  near  enough  to  throw  a  stone  upon.  The  wounded 
men  crept  down  the  bluff  during  the  night,  and,  those  who 
could  swim,  ventured  across,  many  never  reaching  the  island, 
because  they  were  swept  away  by  the  rapid  current  and 
drowned. 

' '  It  was  the  season  of  moonlight  nights,  but,  on  this  occasion 
clouds  providentially  obscured  the  moon.  The  detail  worked 
away,  digging  their  holes,  until  a  break  in  the  clouds  occurred, 
the  moon  shone  brightly  for  a  few  minutes,  giving  us  "dead 
away"  and  we  were  "peppered"  from  the  Virginia  shore.  No 
rabbits  ever  hunted  their  holes  quicker.  We  dropped  into 
them,  behind  the  dirt  already  thrown  up,  crouching  in  a  heap 
like  lumps  of  putty,  until  the  clouds  again  shut  out  the  moon 
and  the  work  was  resumed  and  completed,"  said  Lieut. 
Reynolds,  in  telling  of  the  affair. 

No  one  was  hurt,  and  when  the  digging  was  completed, 
the  men  replied  to  the  rebels'  shots,  and  the  shooting  of  the 
wounded  was,  in  a  measure,  stopped. 

A  detail  from  Company  F  was  sent  out  on  picket  duty 
during  the  night,  under  command  of  Lieut.  J.  G.  G.  Dodge, 
who  found  a  narrow  path  along  the  shore  of  the  island,  on 
which  he  posted  his  men  at  the  usual  intervals.  No  one  could 
approach  without  being  seen,  and  the  river,  on  its  surface, 
would  show  any  boat  or  moving  object.  As  the  pickets  were 
being  placed,  the  voices  of  men  were  heard  and  several  were 
seen  running  toward  the  bivouac  of  the  Nineteenth.  Lieut. 
Dodge  gave  chase  and  hailed  them,  but  they  would  not  stop 
until  he  threatened  to  shoot.  They  said  they  had  just  crossed 
from  the  Virginia  side  in  a  small  boat.  The  lieutenant  tried 
to  get  two  or  three  of  them  to  row  back  again  and  rescue  some 
of  their  wounded  comrades  on  the  other  side,  but  no  one  would 
venture. 

Although  he  could  ill  be  spared,  one  man  from  Company  F 
was  sent  over  three  times  with  the  boat  and  he  rescued  fifteen 
men.  Out  of  this  number  not  one  could  be  found  who  would 
return  for  his  comrades. 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  25 

During  the  night  Lieut.  Dodge  asked  for  more  men  as 
pickets  and  a  detail  from  Company  H,  under  command  of 
Lieut.  Hale,  was  sent  out,  completing  the  line  along  the  shore. 
It  was  a  terrible  night  for  those  on  picket.  The  wounded  on 
the  Virginia  side  of  the  river,  cut  off  from  all  help,  could 
plainly  be  heard  crying  for  water  and  begging  that  a  boat 
be  sent  over  to  them.  Now  and  then  one  could  be  heard  as 
he  waded  out  into  the  water,  and,  with  strong  and  steady 
strokes,  breasted  the  current.  Little  by  little  his  strokes  be- 
came weaker,  then  less  steady,  then  mere  splashes,  in  the 
frantic  endeavor  to  hold  out.  Then  a  gurgling  sound,  a  cry  for 
help,  and  all  was  still  again.  All  this  passed  under  the  senses 
of  willing  comrades,  powerless  to  give  aid.  Now  and  then, 
one  who  was  more  successful  would  creep,  cold,  benumbed  and 
almost  dead,  up  the  bank. 

At  about  midnight  a  volley  was  fired  from  the  top  of  the 
bluff  at  a  number  of  fugitives  who  were  trying  to  swim  the 
river, — an  unnecessary  cruelty,  akin  only  to  barbarism. 

During  the  night  of  October  21,  the  regiment  held  possession 
of  Harrison's  Island,  camping  in  a  cornfield,  and  assisted  in 
rescuing  men  who  managed  to  swim  the  river  after  the  repulse, 
and  in  collecting,  caring  for  and  transporting  to  the  Maryland 
shore  the  dead,  dying  and  wounded  on  the  island.  Morning 
found  the  work  effectually  accomplished  and  at  an  hour  before 
daybreak  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  by  direction  of  Col.  Hinks, 
disposed  the  Nineteenth  Regiment,  two  companies  of  the 
Twentieth,  which  had  joined  it  during  the  night,  a  portion  of 
the  "Tammany"  regiment  and  two  pieces  of  Col.  Vaughn's 
Rhode  Island  Battery  in  the  best  position  for  defence  of  the 
island,  as  an  attack  was  expected  at  dawn  and  Col.  Hinks  had 
received  orders  to  hold  it  at  all  hazards.  By  dawn  a 
heavy  rain,  which  had  threatened  all  night,  set  in,  and  perhaps 
it  was  due  to  this  that  no  attack  was  made  on  the  island  by 
the  enemy 

During  the  night,  Lieut.  Dodge,  in  making  the  round  of  his 
pickets  had  heard  a  voice  from  the  Virginia  shore,  calling: 
''Send  over  an  officer  under  a  flag  of  truce  to  look  after  your 
dead  and  wounded." 


26  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

He  reported  this  to  Colonel  Hinks  and  was  himself  detailed 
for  the  duty  at  10  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Some  fugitives  had 
secured  a  skiff  on  the  Virginia  side  and  had  reached  the  island, 
and  in  this  skiff  Lieut.  Dodge  was  rowed  across  by  private 
Carr  of  Company  F,  who  volunteered  for  the  duty.  The 
lieutenant  borrowed  a  white  handkerchief  from  Adjutant  John 
C.  Chadwick  (his  own  being  black)  and  tied  it  to  a  ramrod. 

The  little  lieutenant,  as  he  went  over  in  the  skiff  on  the 
important  mission,  was  dressed  in  a  pair  of  private's  trousers, 
turned  up  at  the  bottom,  a  pair  of  old  army  shoes,  a  blouse 
with  shoulder  straps,  sword  and  revolver.  A  dirty,  ragged, 
gray  blanket  was  thrown  over  his  shoulders  like  a  shawl  and 
his  glazed  cap  cover  hid  the  bugle  on  the  front  of  the  cap.  No 
real  insignia  of  his  rank  appeared  in  sight. 

A  fine  wet  drizzle  served  to  make  matters  more  gloomy  than 
they  otherwise  would  have  been,  and  the  little  skiff  was  borne 
down  stream  by  the  current.  The  bank  where  the  lieutenant 
landed  was  strewn  with  the  tins  from  cartridge  boxes,  broken 
muskets,  bits  of  uniforms,  and  one  or  two  wounded  men  were 
calling  for  water.  Here  and  there,  rebels  were  seeking  for  spoil. 
In  one  place,  four  or  five  men  were  "going  through"  a  knap- 
sack or  a  dead  soldier, — it  was  not  possible  to  tell  which.  One 
of  them,  the  roughest  looking  of  the  lot,  had  a  red  "U.  S." 
blanket  around  him  and  was  hailed  by  Lieut.  Dodge  with:  "I 
say,  you  fellow  with  the  red  blanket,  where  is  the  officer  who 
called  for  a  flag  of  truce?" 

"He's  on  the  bluff  somewhars, I  reckon,"  was  the  reply 

"Can't  you  take  me  where  I  can  find  him,"  asked  the 
lieutenant.  Evidently  moved  by  the  idea  that  it  might  be  a 
feather  in  his  cap  to  conduct  a  flag  of  truce,  he  consented. 

The  bluff  was  steep  and  slippery  and  the  lieutenant  found  it 
very  difficult,  with  one  hand  holding  the  flag  and  the  other 
his  blanket,  to  surmount.  The  rebel  escort,  seeing  his  difficulty, 
politely  assisted  him,  but  when  they  reached  the  plateau  at 
the  top  no  officer  was  visible. 

"He  was  here  a  short  time  ago  and  went  in  that  direction," 
said  one  man  who  was  standing  at  the  top.  The  two  men, "Rebel" 
and  "Yank,"  started  off  to  hunt  him  up,  but  it  seemed  as  if 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  27 

he  had  "just  left"  every  spot  they  reached.  Men  in  grey  were 
in  abundance,  discussing  the  fight,  but  no  mounted  officer  could 
be  seen.  Civilians  were  joking  with  the  rebel  soldiers  about  the 
misfortunes  of  the  Union  troops,  and  negro  slaves  were  coming 
up  with  horses  to  bury  the  Southern  dead. 

Soon  a  mounted  officer  rode  by  and  the  lieutenant  in- 
quired for  a  mounted  officer  to  receive  the  flag  of  truce.  As  the 
officer  rode  off,  a  rebel  soldier,  picking  up  a  gun,  asked  the  lieu- 
tenant what  kind  of  a  thing  it  was.  He  was  told  that  it  was  an 
Austrian  rifle. 

"What's  this?"  he  asked  passing  over  another. 

"That's  an  Enfield,"  was  the  lieutenant's  reply. 

"Well,  this  is  the  best,"  said  the  inquisitor,  patting  a 
Springfield,  "if  the  d — d  Yankees  did  make  it,"  and  then  he 
offered  the  lieutenant  a  "chaw"  of  tobacco. 

While  this  conversation  was  progressing,  a  mounted  offi- 
cer appeared,  and,  in  an  insolent  tone,  said  to  Lieut.  Dodge, 
"Ain't  you  a  d— d  Yank?" 

"I'm  a  Yankee,"  he  responded. 

"What  do  you  want  here?" 

Lieut.  Dodge  told  the  nature  of  his  errand,  but  the  offi- 
cer seemed  to  doubt  him.  Several  of  the  men,  however,  came  to 
his  aid,  exclaiming,  "Oh,  we  know  all  about  it.  The  adjutant 
of  the  Seventeenth  Mississippi  called  out  for  an  officer  to  come 
over  under  a  flag  of  truce,  and  we  saw  this  officer  come  over." 

"Where  are  your  credentials?"  asked  the  officer. 

"I  have  none"  responded  Lieut.  Dodge,  "in  our  army 
the  word  of  an  officer  is  sufficient." 

"How  in  h do  we  know  you're  an  officer?" 

Stepping  on  a  small  stone  near  by,  the  lieutenant  drew 
himself  up  to  his  full  height  (five  feet,  three  inches),  jerked  the 
blanket  from  his  shoulders  and  replied  as  gruffly  as  he  could, 
pointing  to  his  shoulder  straps.  "There  are  my  credentials  " — 
and  then  turned  his  back  upon  the  rebel  officer,  who  rode  away, 
growling :     ' '  Well,  you  ought  to  have  credentials. ' ' 

Shortly  after  this,  Lieut.  Dodge  was  met  by  Lieut.  Tyler, 
of  the  Seventh  Mississippi,  who,  during  a  friendly  chat,  dam- 


28       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

med  the ' '  Yankee  mudsils ' '  very  effectually,  but  the  only  Yankee 
present  thought  best  to  "let  it  pass." 

Soon  he  was  informed  that  he  was  expected  at  Leesburg, 
and  started  for  that  town,  with  the  rebel  soldier  who  had  been 
his  original  guide  up  the  bluff.  They  had  gone  but  a  short  dis- 
tance, however,  when  they  met  Col.  Jenifer,  formerly  of  the 
Second  U.  S.  Dragoons.  A  guard  was  then  placed  over  the 
lieutenant,  and  no  conversation  was  allowed.  ("My  own 
idea,  "said  Lieut.  Dodge  later,  "was  that  this  ought  to  have 
been  done  on  my  first  arrival.") 

Col.  Jenifer  was  very  polite.  He  asked  after  his  old 
friend,  Gen.  Stone,  and  expressed  his  astonishment  that  the 
Union  forces  "could  have  been  such  fools  as  to  have  made 
the  attack  as  they  did,  with  everything  against  them."  He 
said  that  the  commander  on  the  island  could  send  over  a 
reasonable  number  of  men,  not  over  a  dozen,  to  bury  the 
dead,  that  they  would  be  placed  under  guard  and  not  allowed 
to  converse   with  the   Confederates. 

Lieut.  Dodge  returned  to  the  island  and  crossed  again 
to  the  Virginia  side  with  Capt.  Vaughn,  of  the  Rhode  Island 
battery  and  twelve  men,  under  orders  from  Col.  Hinks  to 
prolong  the  work  until  nightfall.  This  they  successfully  did, 
although,  suspecting  something,  the  enemy  at  one  time  seized 
the  little  party  and  threatened  to  hold  them  as  prisoners  of 
war  because  a  rebel  horseman,  who  was  chasing  a  Union 
soldier  while  the  truce  was  on,  was  shot  and  killed  by  a  man 
from  Company  H,  of  the  Nineteenth,  on  the  island.  They 
were  released,  however,  on  the  firm  demand  of  Col.  Hinks. 

Toward  night  the  burial  party  returned  and  as  soon  as  Capt. 
Vaughn  had  landed,  he  placed  his  arms  around  the  neck  of 
Lieut.  Reynolds,  exclaiming  "Horrible,  Horrible,"  and  in  this 
position  the  two  walked  for  some  distance  toward  headquarters, 
the  captain  relating  the  details  of  what  he  had  seen  and  passed 
through  during  the  day. 

During  the  day  there  had  been  many  rumors  afloat  among 
the  men,  who,  of  course,  did  not  know  what  was  being  done  on 
the  Virginia  side.  Colonel  Hinks  had  been  warned  by  General 
Evans,  the  rebel  commander,  that  if  he  attempted  to  leave  the 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  29 

island  the  rebels  would  immediately  shell  it,  and  in  some  way 
this  rumor  was  exaggerated  until  the  men  declared  that  if 
Colonel  Hinks  did  not  surrender  before  four  o  'clock  in  the 
afternoon  the  rebel  artillery  was  to  open  upon  him.  Lieut. 
Prime  of  Co.  C.  was  at  the  river  looking  after  rations  and  was 
met  on  his  return  by  the  first  sergeant  of  his  company  with  the 
startling  intelligence  that  "  if  we  don 't  surrender  at  four,  they  '11 
commence  shelling. ' '     It  was  then  half  past  three. 

Dropping  a  box  of  hard  tack  from  his  shoulder,  the  lieu- 
tenant replied:  "Let  them  shell  and  be  d d.     I'm  going  to 

have  something  to  eat, ' '  and  turned  back  to  the  boat  for  another 
box. 

With  the  passing  of  the  hours  the  men  gained  courage  at 
the  absence  of  any  movement  by  the  enemy  and  began  to  pre- 
pare themselves  for  an  attack,  and  for  the  coming  of  the  night. 
Company  I  was  sent  out  on  picket  duty  under  Lieut.  William 
L.  Palmer  and  most  of  the  regiment  was  posted  along  a  stone 
wall,  which  ran  from  the  farmhouse  to  the  river.  Here  the 
men  secured  a  quantity  of  fence  rails  and  unthreshed  wheat. 
Some  of  the  rails  were  used  as  fuel,  while  the  rest  were  arranged 
to  form  a  roof  over  the  stone  wall.  A  long  shed  was  made, 
looking  much  like  those  behind  country  meeting  houses.  It 
was  about  five  feet  high  in  front  and  three  feet  high  at  the  back. 
The  roof  rested  on  the  stone  wall  and  was  covered  with  wheat. 
A  quantity  of  the  wheat  was  thrown  upon  the  ground  for  beds 
and  the  men  crawled  into  the  shed  after  dark,  wet  to  the  skin, 
covered  with  mud  and  tired  out. 

During  the  night,  Lieut.  Palmer,  of  Company  I,  was  sta- 
tioned at  the  lower  end  of  the  picket  line,  while  Sergt.  Harris 
acted  as  patrol,  visiting  each  post  at  intervals,  up  and  down 
the  line,  and  listened  to  the  noises  which  came  from  the  rebel 
side  of  the  river. 

In  about  two  hours  orders  came  to  withdraw  the  pickets. 
Sergt.  Harris  was  instructed  to  go  from  post  to  post  and  tell 
the  men  to  leave,  one  or  two  at  a  time,  without  noise,  and  make 
their  way  as  fast  as  possible  across  the  island  to  the  landing. 
As  he  groped  his  way  in  the  darkness,  sometimes  the  moon 
would  shine  out  through  the  scudding  clouds  and  he  would 


30  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

throw  himself  down  in  the  wet  grass  to  avoid  being  seen  by  the 
enemy. 

The  sleeping  men  were  quietly  awakened  by  the  officers 
and  ordered  to  ' '  Fall  In ' '  without  noise.  Trembling  and  with 
their  teeth  chattering  from  the  cold,  they  marched  to  the  river- 
bank,  where  the  rope  ferry  had  been  repaired  and  the  re-crossing 
to  the  Maryland  side  was  begun  and,  subsequently,  successfully 
accomplished.  As  the  last  of  the  troops  left  the  island,  Capt. 
Hale  of  Company  H  suggested  to  Colonel  Hinks  that  the  two 
guns  of  Vaughn's  battery  fire  a  couple  of  shells  over  into  the 
rebel  camp.  This  was  done,  but  no  response  was  made  to 
their  "Hellish  Good-Night,"  and  in  a  few  hours  Camp  Benton 
was  reached. 

The  report  of  the  operations  in  and  around  Ball 's  Bluff, 
made  shortly  afterward  by  Colonel  Hinks,  occasioned  consider- 
able feeling  and  attracted  almost  universal  remark  and  comment 
from  the  Northern  press  and  people  on  account  of  its  plain 
statement  of  the  important  affair. 

In  a  letter  to  Adjt.  Schouler,  written  from  Poolesville, 
Camp  Benton,  October  29,  1861,  Colonel  Hinks  says: 

The  Nineteenth  regiment  did  not  lose  a  man  in  the 
battle  of  the  21st  at  Ball's  Bluff,  nor  in  the  skirmish  at 
Edward's  Ferry  on  the  22nd.  At  the  place  first  named,  it 
stayed  the  advance  of  the  enemy,  receiving  its  full  fire  as  it 
took  its  position  and  covered  the  retreat  in  good  order. 
With  two  companies  of  the  Twentieth,^  commanded  by 
Lieutenants  Beckwith  and  LeBaines,  and  the  Rhode  Island 
Battery,  Captain  Vaughn,  it  held  possession  of  the  island 
for  thirty  hours,  directly  under  the  enemy's  guns  and  with- 
in point  blank  range  of  his  rifles;  his  force  consisting  of  the 
Eighth  Virginia,  and  Thirteenth,  Seventeenth*. and  Eight- 
eenth Mississippi,  the  whole  not  more  than  250  yards 
distant. 

At  Edward's  Ferry,  Company  K  (Tiger  Fire  Zouaves), 
Captain  Ansel  D.  Wass,  with  the  Andrew  Sharpshooters, 
did  excellent  service  and  are  entitled  to  great  commenda- 
tion for  their  coolness  and  efficiency. 

Massachusetts  troops  everywhere  performed  prodigies 
of  valor  and  had  there   been  competent  management  in 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  31 

this  battle,  in  which  Massachusetts  men  were  depended  on 
for  the  execution  of  details  which  their  judgment  con- 
demned, it  is  not  improbable  that  we  should  now  rejoice  in 
a  victory  for  our  arms.  As  it  was,  our  men  were  deliber- 
ately murdered  by  the  mismanagement  of  ' '  someone. ' ' 
Who  that  ' '  someone ' '  is,  future  investigation  will  show. 

Our  men  fought  for  victory,  and  they  now  demand  to 
know  why  they  were  not  victorious;  why  this  sacrifice  of  a 
small  force  when  thirty  thousand  were  within  two  hour's 

march;  why  proper  transportation  was  not  prepared, 

when  four  months  have  been  idled  awTay  upon  this  shore  of 
the  Potomac  with  the  enemy  in  front;  why  the  right  wing 
was  provided  with  no  proper  means  ofjretreat,  reinforce- 
ment or  support;  why,  when  the  left-wing  of  our  forces  had 
outflanked  the  enemy,  it  did  not  advance  and  wrest  from 
him  a  victory  upon  the  ground  already  moist  with  the  blood 
of  Baker  and  of  the  gallant  men  who  had  so  nobly  con- 
tested for  its  possession,  inch  by  inch? 

Indeed,  had  Gorman's  force  been  thrown  upon  the 
enemy 's  flank  with  celerity,  victory  would  have  been  ours, 
notwithstanding  the  unfortunate  selection  of  ground  upon 
which  the  attack  by  the  right  wing  was  made, —  and  that, 
too,  with  no  greater  actual  losses  than  we  have  already  sus- 
tained —  and  the  entire  force  of  the  enemy  engaged  must 
have  fallen  into  our  hands,  and  the  way  leftf clear  for  an 
advance  upon  and  the  capture  of  Leesburg. 

All  night  and  day  and  night  again  did  the  little  force 
under  my  command  anxiously  expect  to  hear  the  report 
of  Gorman 's  guns  upon  the  enemy 's  right,  that  the  attack 
in  front  might  be  renewed  and  our  wounded  and  prisoners, 
with  the  bodies  of  our  dead,  rescued  from  the  hands  of  the 
enemy.  But  no  attack  was  heard  and  we  were  left  only 
to  infer  that  all  attempts  to  turn  defeat  into  victory  had 
been  abandoned. 

Hoping  for  better  luck,  and  more  pluck,  next  time, 
I  am, 

Very  truly  yours, 

Edw.  W  Hinks, 

Col.  19th.,  Com'd'g,  Brigade. 

Colonel  Hinks'  report  to  Brig.  Gen.  Lander,  dated  Oct. 
23,  1861,  at  Camp  Benton,  closes  as  follows: 


who  foug 


I  cannot  close  this  report  with  justice  to  our  troops, 
>ught  valiantly,  without  commenting  upon  the  causes 


32  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

which  led  up  to  their  defeat  and  complete  rout.  The  means 
of  transportation,  for  advance  in  support  or  for  a  retreat 
were  criminally  deficient, —  especially  when  we  consider  the 
facility  for  creating  proper  means  for  such  purposes,  at  our 
disposal.  The  place  for  landing  on  the  Virginia  side  was 
most  unfortunately  selected,  being  at  a  point  where  the 
shore  rose  with  great  abruptness,  for  a  distance  of  some 
150  yards,  at  an  angle  of  at  least  35  degrees,  and  was  entirely 
studded  with  trees,  being  entirely  impassable  to  artillery 
or  infantry  in  line. 

At  the  summit  the  surface  is  undulating,  where  the 
enemy  were  placed  in  force,  out  of  view,  and  cut  down  our 
troops  with  a  murderous  fire,  which  we  could  not  return 
with  any  effect.  The  entire  island  was  also  commanded  by 
the  enemy's  artillery  and  rifles.  In  fact,  no  more  unfortu- 
nate position  could  have  been  forced  upon  us  by  the  enemy 
for  making  an  attack,  —  much  less  selected  by  ourselves. 

Within  a  half  mile,  upon  either  side  of  the  points  se- 
lected a  landing  could  have  been  effected  where  we  could 
have  been  placed  upon  equal  terms  with  the  enemy,  if  it 
was  necessary  to  effect  a  landing  from  the  island.  My 
judgment,  however,  cannot  approve  of  that  policy  which 
multiplies  the  number  of  river  crossings,  without  any  com- 
pensation in  securing  commanding  positions  thereby. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Edw.  W  Hinks, 

Col.  19th  Mass.  Vols., 

Com'd'g  Baker's  Brigade. 

Company  K  of  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  had  a  most  inter- 
esting part  in  the  fight  at  Edward's  Ferry,  aside  from  the  con- 
flict at  Ball's  Bluff.  On  Monday  morning,  October  21,  two 
pieces  of  Rickett's  battery  crossed  at  Edward's  Ferry  with 
30  men  of  the  New  York  VanAllan  cavalry  These  were  fol- 
lowed by  the  First  Minnesota,  part  of  the  Twentieth  New  York, 
the  Seventh  Michigan  and  Thirty-fourth  New  York.  One  com- 
pany of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  Company  K, 
(the  Tiger  Zouaves),  under  Capt.  Wass  and  Major  Howe,  and 
the  Andrew  Sharpshooters,  under  Capt.  Saunders,  of  Salem, 
also  crossed  the  river.  The  whole  command  was  under  Brig. 
Gen.  Gorman,  and  the  object  was  to  make  a  reconnoissance 
along  Goose  Creek. 

Early  in   the  day  the  VanAllan  cavalry  made  a  reconnoi- 


THE    BALLS    BLUFF    DISASTER.  33 

sance,  meeting  a  regiment  of  the  enemy  who  fired  upon  them 
from  the  woods.  This  was  returned  with  good  effect.  The 
field  here,  as  at  Ball 's  Bluff,  was  surrounded  on  three  sides  by 
woods.  On  the  right  was  a  cornfield  on  part  of  which  the  corn 
had  been  cut  and  stacked,  while  the  remainder  Was  standing. 
A  Virginia  rail  fence  ran  through  the  centre  of  the  battle  ground, 
from  the  river  to  the  woods  in  front.  A  regiment  of  the  enemy 
was  posted  on  the  edge  of  the  woods  to  the  right  of  the  ground, 
while  pickets  were  in  advance  in  a  road  running  between  the 
cornfield  and  the  open  field  between  it  and  the  woods.  About 
3  P.M.  Captain  Saunders,  with  the  Andrew  Sharpshooters, 
crossed  to  this  ground  and  ranged  themselves  behind  the  rail 
fence.  Shortly  after  this  the  enemy  issued  from  the  woods, 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  away,  and  many  were  seen  to  be  wear- 
ing United  States  army  hats. 

The  sharpshooters  fired  upon  them,  dropping  a  mounted 
officer  and  several  men,  and  the  enemy  fled.  The  Tiger  Fire 
Zouaves  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  came  up  at  this  point 
and,  deployed  as  skirmishers,  entered  the  woods  for  some  dis- 
tance. They  returned  at  5  P.M.  and  reported  the  woods  all 
clear.  A  red  sash,  an  officer's  scabbard,  and  six  bodies  were 
found  in  the  woods,  together  with  other  evidences  tending  to 
show  that  the  rebels  had  been  busy  carrying  off  their  wounded 
men.     This  ended  the  skirmish  for  the  night. 

Early  in  the  following  morning,  October  22,  General  Lander 
arrived,  having  ridden  from  Washington  during  the  night,  a 
distance  of  40  miles.  The  enemy  did  not  show  themselves 
until  about  5  P.M.,  when  they  issued  from  the  woods  in  front  of 
the  river  and  near  the  terminus  of  the  fence  running  from  the 
river,  where  Captain  Saunders  and  six  of  his  men  were  seated 
about  a  campfire.  Just  before  this,  four  men  of  the  Fire  Zouaves 
had  come  from  the  woods  and  reported  them  all  clear. 

The  enemy  in  column,  a  full  regiment  or  more/ issued  from 
the  woods,  firing  as  they  advanced.  General  Lander,  who  was 
standing  back  of  the  fence,  or  nearly  half  way  from  the  left  of 
the  line  of  sharpshooters  to  the  woods,  was  wounded  by  a  ball 
in  the  calf  of  the  left  leg.       Reinforcements  were  not  sent  for- 


34  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

ward  and  the  little  band  retreated,  but  not  until  they  had  com- 
pletely turned  the  head  of  the  enemy's  force  by  their  deadly  fire. 

The  Tiger  Zouaves  behaved  bravely  and  were  deserving 
of  great  praise.  Major  Howe,  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts, 
who  commanded  them,  proved  himself  a  gallant  officer  and 
Avon  the  entire  confidence  of  his  command  by  his  conduct  upon 
the  field.  General  Lander  expressed  himself  as  highly  pleased 
with  this  little  band  of  150  men,  and  commended  the  Andrew 
Sharpshooters. 

On  Wednesday  the  wind  blew  a  gale,  but  the  forces  were 
safely  withdrawn  in  good  order  and  Company  K  returned  to 
Camp  Benton. 


CHAPTER  V 

LIFE    AT    CAMP    BENTON. 

On  returning  to  the  camp  at  Poolesville,  on  October  24 
the  second  day  after  the  battle  of  Ball 's  Bluff,  it  was  found 
that  the  wound  of  Gen.  Lander  and  the  capture  of  Col.  Lee 
left  Col.  Hinks  in  command  of  the  First  Brigade.  The  Nine- 
teenth Regiment  was  sent  no  more  on  picket  duty  at  the  river 
and  the  real  drill  and  discipline,  under  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux, 
who  was  left  in  command,  was  again  begun.  The  hard  work 
resulted  in  rapid  improvement  in  the  regiment,  as  is  evidenced 
by  the  following  letter : 


Headquarters  Corps  of  Observation, 
Poolesville,  Nov    13,  1861. 
Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  Com'd'g.  19th  Mass.  Vols. 
Sir:— 

The  general  commanding  directs  me  to  express  to 
you  the  gratification  with  which  he  noticed  the  advance- 
ment in  drill  made  by  the  regiment  under  your  com- 
mand, as  exhibited  at  the  review  of  yesterday. 

So  much  progress  in  so  short  a  time  gives  promise 
of  admirable  results  and  reflects  great  credit  upon  both 
instructors  and  instructed. 

Very  respectfully, 

Your   obedient    servant, 

Chas.  Stewart, 

A.  A.  G. 

At  this  time  there  were  six  Harvard  men  in  the  regiment, — 
Maj.  Henry  Jackson  Howe,  '59;  Asst.  Suri>\  Josiah  Newell 
Willard,  '57;  Capt.  George  Wellington  Batchelder,  '59;  Sergt. 
Maj.  Ed^ar  Marshall  Newcomb,  '60;  First  Lieut.  John  Hodges, 
Jr.,   '61  and  Charles  Brooks  Brown,  '56.     It  was  not  an  infre- 

(35) 


36  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

quent  occurrence  for  the  regimental  band  to  include  among  its 
selections  the  delightful  melody  of  ' '  Fair  Harvard ' '  in  their 
honor. 

The  chief  thing  of  interest,  beside  work,  at  Poolesville 
seemed  to  be  to  stockade  the  tents  and  to  build  a  fire-place 
which  would  not  smoke  the  occupants  out.  Capt.  Rice  con- 
structed one  where  the  fire  was  to  be  in  a  hole  in  the  ground, 
the  smoke  to  be  carried  under  ground  until  it  could  escape  by 
means  of  a  hollow  log,  placed  upright,  some  six  or  eight  feet 
from  the  tent.  This  seemed  a  success  until  one  morning,  when 
the  log  was  found  burning  rapidly  and  the  tent  was  filled  with 
smoke  so  dense  that  one  could  almost  cut  it.  In  some  tents 
a  trough  about  eighteen  inches  deep  and  two  feet  wide  was 
dug  from  the  centre  of  the  tent  to  the  outside.  This  was 
covered  with  broad  flat  stones.  A  barrel  over  the  outer  end 
formed  a  chimney  and  the  whole  was  plastered  with  mud. 
A  small  opening  left  in  the  centre  of  the  tent  served  for  the  ad- 
mission of  fuel,  and,  when  the  wind  was  contrary,  for  the  exit 
of  smoke.  One  officer  had  a  fine  fire-place,  with  a  mantel  over  it 
and  a  chimney  built  of  mud,  bricks  and  sticks.  Others  se- 
cured stoves  and  then,  by  building  wooden  walls  to  their  tents, 
were  made  quite  comfortable. 

Among  the  incidents  of  camp  life  at  Camp  Benton  was  one 
which  showed  how  the  ingenuity  of  the  soldier  can  be  worked 
into  his  duty,  making  it  enjoyable  and  divesting  it  of  what 
otherwise  might  prove  to  be  tedious  and  irksome. 

A  detail  of  woodchoppers  was  made  up,  consisting  of  two 
men  from  each  company,  with  a  corporal  in  charge  of  each 
squad.  The  detail  was  placed  in  charge  of  Sergt.  William  A. 
McGinnis,  of  Company  K,  who,  in  his  spirit  of  getting  as  much 
fun  out  of  everything  as  was  possible,  designated  each  of  the 
corporals  as  captains  and  made  Charles  A.  Newhall  of  Com- 
pany K  "Adjutant"  of  the  detail.  As  Sergt.  McGinnis  told 
an  interviewer  in  after  life,  Newhall  was  a  "mere"  at  that 
time,  and  when  asked  to  explain,  said:  "You  see,  we  .had  a 
second  lieutenant  who  felt  pretty  big  over  his  new  straps  and 
nobby  uniform.  One  day  he  had  visitors  and  one  of  the  boys 
passed  them.     A  lady  asked  him  who  the  man  was. 


LIFE    AT    CAMP    BENTON.  37 

"  'He?  That  fellow?'  said  the  Lieutenant,  'Oh,  he's  a 
mere  private,  you  know.'  The  boys  caught  on  to  it  and  after 
that  all  high  privates  were  'Meres.'  " 

Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  who  for  a  time  was  at  West  Point, 
was  very  insistant  upon  the  proprieties.  He  always  addressed 
the  second  lieutenants  as  "Mr.  So-and-So"  and  when  Sergt. 
McGinnis  was  in  the  woods  with  his  "Battalion"  he  would  go 
around  to  all  the  chopping  parties  and  address  the  corporal : 
"Mr.  Hood,  how  are  you  getting  on  today?"  etc.,  etc. 

Axes  were  issued  and  each  morning  the  detail  would  go  into 
the  woods,  cut  down  trees  and  return  at  night.  McGinnis  was 
a  natural  soldier  and  everything  he  did  was  characterized  by 
military  precision  and  snap.  His  gait  and  movements  were 
military.  He  would  salute  a  superior  with  an  axe  as  gracefully 
as  with  a  musket.  He  could  also  sing  and  dance  and  was  a 
fairly  well  trained  athlete.  He  could  assume  command  of  a  de- 
tail in  the  most  approved  style  and  his  genial  qualities  made 
him  popular  with  all. 

His  manner  of  drilling  his  "Axe  Handle  Battalion"  on 
their  march  to  their  daily  duties  was  soon  noticed  and  their 
return  was  awaited  with  much  interest  by  the  entire  regiment. 
The  "Battalion"  marched  in  double  files  of  four  men  abreast, 
every  axe  in  the  same  position,  and  changed  with  the  regularity 
of  the  manual.  The  men  were  incited  by  the  interest  mani- 
fested by  the  others  and  paid  much  attention  to  their  unique 
drill.  It  was  not  long  before  they  concluded  the  day's  duty 
with  a  dress  parade  on  the  parade  ground.  Sergt.  McGinnis  com- 
manded and  his  orders  for  the  next  day  were  promulgated  with 
all  the  dignity  which  characterized  the  ' '  Attention  To  Orders" 
by  the  adjutant  on  the  official  dress  parade  of    the  regiment. 

Col.  Hinks  witnessed  and  enjoyed  the  dress  parade  and 
particularly  so,  when,  after  a  few  days  it  was  found  that 
McGinnis'  orders  paraphrased  his  own  with  a  naive  and  witty 
interpretation.  But  when,  later,  the  "  music  "  beat  off  down 
the  line,  consisting  as  it  did  of  a  banjo  and  a  pair  of  bones, 
the  climax  was  reached. 

The  logs  which  this  "Axe  Handle  Battalion"  cut  were  hauled 
into  camp  eventually  and  a  large  hospital  was  built  of  them. 


38  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Work  upon  this  hospital  was  hurried,  in  order  that  it  might  be 
in  readiness  for  a  ball  on  Thanksgiving  night.  It  was  the  first 
Thanksgiving  the  regiment  had  spent  in  camp  and  a  jollification 
was  planned.  As  Col.  Htnks  was  very  popular  with  the  people  of 
Baltimore,  where  he  had  been  stationed  with  the  Eighth  Massa- 
chusetts Regiment  during  the  three  months  service,  invita- 
tions were  sent  to  the  Baltimorians  to  attend,  and  between 
thirty  and  forty  ladies  traveled  the  seventy-five  miles  necessary 
to  be  present.  The  space  between  the  uprights  of  the  frame  of 
the  building  had  been  arranged  so  that  it  corresponded  with 
the  flies  of  the  officers  tents.  The  building  was  unfinished  when 
Thanksgiving  arrived,  so  the  skeleton  frame  was  temporarily 
covered  with  the  tent  flies  and  the  space  floored  over,  making 
a  large  and  commodious  ball  room. 

During  Thanksgiving  Day  there  were  many  sports  inaugur- 
ated. There  was  a  sack  race,  shinning  the  greased  pole,  on  which 
was  place  a  bottle  of  "Commissary"  and  a  ten  dollar  bill;  a 
greased  pig  race  and  many  other  sports,  in  all  of  which  Sergt. 
f'Billy"  McGinnis  was  the  central  figure.  After  about  ten  feet 
of  the  greased  pole  had  been  wiped  on  the  trousers  of  some 
half  dozen  of  the  men,  the  articles  on  the  tops  were  awarded 
to  Sergt.  McGinnis,  who  had  climbed  the  highest.  The  "ball 
room"  was  not  ready  for  occupancy  until  very  late  in  the 
afternoon,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the  dinner,  which  was  to  be 
served  in  it,  was  quite  cold  when  the  time  came  to  eat  it  and 
most  of  the  men  were  shivering  and  disgruntled. 

In  the  evening,  the  regimental  band  furnished  the  music 
for  dancing,  and  the  fete  was  continued  until  a  late  hour, 
"taps"  being  suspended  by  special  order.  There  were  not 
enough  ladies  to  go  round,  however,  and  some  of  the  officers 
had  to  be  content  with  other  officers  for  partners,  some  from 
the  Twentieth  Massachusetts  having  been  invited.  During  the 
evening,  Sergt.  McGinnis  was  called  in  and  danced  a  jig,  re- 
ceiving great  applause. 

A  few  days  after  Thanksgiving  had  passed,  the  boys  had 
a  very  jolly  auction  sale  of  the  things  which  had  been  left  over. 

The  ground  occupied  by  the  brigade  was  undulating.  The 
Nineteenth    and    Twentieth    Massachusetts    Regiments    were 


LIFE    AT    CAMP    BENTON.  39 

camped  together  on  the  higher  portion,  The  Forty-Second  New 
York  was  farther  to  the  right  and  the  Seventh  Michigan  was 
across  the  road,  in  a  hollow.  The  battery  was  in  the  woods 
adjoining.  Company  C  had  begun  the  erection  of  a  log  cook 
house  and  had  it  built  about  five  feet  from  the  ground.  In 
this  tables  were  built,  the  lumber  having  been  brought  from 
Poolesville.  The  company  had  previously  built  an  oven  in 
which  to  bake  their  beans  and  their  meat.  This  was  now  used 
to  roast  poultry  in,  and  in  addition  to  "soft  tack"  brought 
from  the  goverment  bakery  every  day,  they  had  home-made 
bread  and  biscuit  from  the  hands  of  Mrs,  Fletcher,  wife  of 
private  James  Fletcher,  all  being  served  hot. 

The  days  during  October  and  November  were  clear,  but 
the  nights  were  cold  and  the  condensation,  after  sunset,  caused 
a  dense  mist  to  hang  over  the  camp  during  the  night.  With 
the  rising  sun  it  gradually  disappeared,  first  from  the  higher 
ground,  but  hanging  in  a  thick  cloud  over  the  lower  portions  for 
an  hour  or  so.  From  the  positions  of  the  Nineteenth  and  Twen- 
tieth regiments,  it  was  then  impossible  to  see  the  camp  or  parade 
ground  of  the  Seventh  Michigan  regiment,  but  on  many  days 
the  men  listened  to  the  band  of  the  Michigan  regiment  at  guard 
mounting,  hearing  the  commands  of  the  officers  and  the  rattle 
of  the  muskets  at  inspection,  on  the  low  ground.  It  was 
possible  from  the  various  sounds  to  follow  the  ceremony  from 
the  beginning  to  end,  without  a  person  being  visible,  —  so 
enveloped  were  they  in  the  fog,  while  the  camp  of  the  Battery 
on  the  high  ground,  stood  out  clearly  and  distinctly  in  the 
sunlight. 

Often,  too,  the  doleful  strains  of  the  muffled  drum  and  the 
fife  were  heard  as  the  burial  detail  bore  a  comrade  through 
the  miasmatic  cloud  to  his  final  resting  place,  but  none  of  the 
participants  could  be  seen. 

The  plan  forthe  removal  of  the  tents  of  theregiment  at  Camp 
Benton,  on  October  26,  was  unique  in  conception  and  novel  in 
execution.  The  camp  literally  walked  and  this  was  an  actual 
reality  much  more  true  to  conception  than  the  ' '  fake ' '  removal 
of  the  trees  of  "Burnham  Wood  to  Dunsinane, "  in  Macbeth. 

It  was  decided  to  remove  the  entire  regimental  camp  up  the 


40  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

sloping  ground  to  a  higher  place  and  this  was  accomplished 
with  military  movement  and  precision.  It  was  a  feat  never 
duplicated  by  any  other  regiment  in  the  service,  to  the  writer's 
knowledge. 

After  removing  everything  from  the  tents,  regimental  line 
was  formed,  in  heavy  marching  order.  Guns  were  stacked, 
knapsacks  unslung  and  piled  at  the  foot  of  the  stacks.  Then 
the  order  was  given:  "By  the  right  of  companies  to  the  rear, 
battalions  right  face,  to  your  quarters,  march." 

Arriving  in  the  company  street,  ranks  were  broken  and 
tent  pins  were  ordered  to  be  pulled,  with  the  exception  of  those 
at  the  four  corners  which  were  loosened.  The  guy  lines  were 
rolled  up  and  a  man  was  stationed  at  each  tent  pole  to  steady 
the  tent,  while  the  four  corner  pins  were  pulled  and  these  guy 
lines  rolled  up.  This  left  the  tent  to  be  supported  by  the  men 
at  the  poles.  At  the  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  the 
men  at  the  poles  raised  them.  Then,  to  the  music  of  the  "Zin- 
grea  Polka"  by  the  band,  stationed  at  the  rear  of  the  column, 
the  entire  regiment  marched  to  the  rear,  keeping  in  line,  each 
tent  preserving  its  relative  place.  It  was  a  pretty  spectacle  to 
witness,  but  the  "Pennyroyal"  field  over  which  they  had 
marched  was  so  thickly  planted  that  the  perfume  of  the  herb 
was  almost  suffocating  to  the  men. 

Direction  was  changed  to  the  left,  up  the  slope,  and  the 
line  passed  through  an  opening  in  the  stone  wall,  then  again  to 
the  left  and  parallel  to  the  original  line.  When  the  head  of  the 
column  had  arrived  at  the  point  opposite  the  original  right,  the 
command  "Halt"  and  "Tents  about  face"  was  given  and  the 
tent  poles  were  dropped  like  "Order  Arms,"  being  maintained 
erect.  They  were  then  dressed,  distances  rectified,  the  four 
corner  pins  set,  pins  for  the  other  guy  lines  driven  home,  and 
thus  the  camp  was  moved,  almost  without  the  fact  having  been 
realized.  It  was  short  work  to  "  move  in"  with  the  baggage 
and  impedimentas,  which  had  been  left  on  the  sight  of  the  former 
camp,  and  the  affair,  so  successfully  accomplished,  was  the  talk 
of  the  camps  in  the  vicinity  for  sometime. 

There  was  one  feature  of  the  removal,  however,  which  the 
men  did  not  like,  for  the  ovens  which  had  been  a  blessing  to 


LIFE    AT    CAMP    BENTON.  41 

them  could  not  be  moved  and  were  consequently  left  behind. 
It  being  Saturday,  the  beans  and  puddings  were  ready  to  go 
in  them.  Col.  Hinks  placed  a  guard  about  the  abandoned  ovens, 
however, —  fires  were  built  in  them,  and,  for  that  night,  the  men 
slept  in  sweet  contentment,  feeling  that  their  beans  were  cooking 
safely.  Alas !  the  awakening.  With  appetites  sharpened  by  the 
chilly  air  and  the  cold  Northwest  wind,  with  their  coffee  steaming 
hot, — the  beans  were  brought  up  to  the  new  camp.  Carefully 
the  burned  ones  on  the  top  of  the  dish  were  scraped  off.  But 
they  seemed  all  to  be  burned,  and  so  they  were.  In  the  centre 
of  the  mass  was  just  about  a  spoonful  which  had  not  been 
burned  to  a  brown  coffee  color.  The  indian  pudding  was  in 
the  same  condition.  Result, — hard  tack  and  coffee,  eaten 
in  emphatic  silence. 

One  first  sergeant  was  very  fond  of  pie  and  on  a  cold  stormy 
day,  when  the  rain  was  falling  in  torrents,  he,  not  caring  to 
go  out  at  guard  mounting,  sent  another  sergeant  in  his  place,  a 
proceeding  not  relished  by  the  comrade,  who,  knowing  the 
sergeant's  greatest  weakness,  put  up  a  job  on  him.  Coming 
in  after  guard  mounting,  the  water  dripping  from  his  garments 
and  making  little  pools  on  the  floor  of  the  tent,  he  proceeded 
to  hang  up  his  gun  and  equipments.  Casually  remarking, 
' '  There  was  a  man  out  on  the  parade  ground  selling  pies  and  he 
guessed  they  must  be  pretty  good,  as  they  were  going  quick." 
The  bait  took,  and  the  first  sergeant  jumped  up  excitedly, 
"Where?  Where?"  "Down  at  the  lower  corner,"  said  the 
sergeant,  referring  to  a  point  which  was  distant  a  three  minutes' 
run,  with  high  ground  intervening.  A  person  would  have  to 
get  well  away  from  the  company  before  he  could  see  anyone 
there.  Hastily  throwing  a  rubber  blanket  over  his  head,  the 
champion  pie  eater  ran  out  and  returned  in  about  five  minutes 
in  a  decidedly  wet  condition,  without  the  pie.  The  laughter  that 
greeted  his  entrance  caused  him  to  make  some  remarks  which 
made  the  atmosphere  of  the  tent  several  degrees  warmer. 

The  hair  cutting  mania  seemed,  at  one  time,  literally  to 
have  taken  hold  of  the  men,  and  the  shorter  they  had  it  cut, 
the  better,  as  some  believed.  They  called  it  the  "fighting 
cut."     Jere  Cronan,  of  Company  G,  outdid  everybody  else 


42  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

by  having  his  head  shaved  of  every  spear  of  hair,  so  that  it 
looked  like  a  new-born  baby's.  It  was  an  amusing  sight  and 
no  sooner  was  it  done  than  he  repented.  He  said  he  felt 
as  if  his  head  was  "  all  out  of  doors ' '  and  he  was  obliged  to  wear 
his  handkerchief,  knotted  at  the  four  corners,  on  his  bare  head 
in  lieu  of  a  cap  until  the  hair  grew  again.  As  he  was  the  acting 
color  sergeant  of  the  regiment,  he  was  a  most  conspicuous 
figure  on  dress  parade  and  drill.  Jere  was  a  good  soldier, 
and,  although  he  had  a  peculiar  impediment  in  his  speech,  his 
sunny  disposition  and  invariable  good  nature  made  him  very 
popular.  He  served  his  full  term,  reinlisted  as  a  veteran,  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant  in  the  1st  U.  S.  Volunteers,  was  honor- 
ably mustered  out  of  service  and  lost  his  life,  several  years 
after  the  war,  in  a  sewer  in  Xew  Jersey,  where  he  volunteered  to 
go  down  and  rescue  a  laborer  who  had  been  overcome  by  gas. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

REMOVAL  TO  MUDDY  BRANCH. 

After  the  return  of  the  command  to  Camp  Benton  from  Ball's 
Bluff,  a  reorganization  of  the  regiment  took  place.  Capt.  Moses 
Stanwood,  of  Co.  A.,  Lieutenants  C.  C.  Sampson  of  Co.  I.  and 
Eugene  Kelty  of  Company  K  resigned,  and  were  discharged  in 
October,  and  in  November  Capt.  William  H.  Wilson  and  Sec- 
ond Lieut.  William  H.  LeCain  of  Co.  H.,  with  First  Lieut.  S.  D. 
Hovey  of  Co.  G.  were  honorably  discharged. 

First  Lieut.  Charles  M.  Merritt  was  promoted  to  be  Cap- 
tain of  Company  A,  and  Second  Lieut.  Isaac  H.  Boyd  was  com- 
missioned First  Lieutenant  in  that  Company. 

In  Company  D,  Sergeant  Major  Samuel  Baxter  was  made 
Second  Lieutenant,  Second  Lieutenant  John  P  Reynolds  was 
made  First  Lieutenant  and  Acting  Adjutant  and  transferred 
from  Company  D  to  G. 

In  Co.  K.  Second  Lieut.  Edward  P  Bishop  was  promoted 
to  First  Lieutenant,  and  First  Sergeant  Lysander  Hume  was 
advanced  to  Second  Lieutenant. 

First  Lieut.  Henry  A.  Hale  of  Co.  H.  was  transferred  to  Co. 
I,  while  bandmaster  John  A.  Spofford,  with  musicians  R.  W 
Stevens,  W  C.  M.  Howe,  E.  F.  Spofford  and  J  M.  Hine  resigned 
and  were    discharged.      Lewis  Rimback,  of  Boston,  vwas    ap- 
pointed as  the  new  bandmaster. 

Instead  of  staying  all  winter  in  Camp  Benton  as  had  been 
expected,  the  regiment  was  ordered,  on  December  4,  1861,  to 
Seneca,  at  a  place  called  Muddy  Branch,  some  miles  nearer 
Washington,  where  it  relieved  some  of  the  command  of  Gen. 
Banks,  whose  division  was  sent  to  Frederick. 

Camp  Benton,  with  its  well  determined  lines,  its  spacious 
streets,  curiously  constructed  ovens  and  underground  furnaces, 
its  nicely  thatched  stables  and  log  houses,  was  left  as  a  raonu- 

(43) 


44  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

ment  to  the  versatile  skill,  the  military  genius,  ingenuity  and 
perseverence  of  the  men  of  Massachusetts. 

In  moving -to  Muddy  Branch,  the  regiment,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Company  C,  marched  to  Edward's  Ferry  and  went 
down  by  way  of  the  canal,  leaving  early  in  the  day.  The 
weather  was  very  cold  and  the  air  frosty 

Company  C  was  left  to  guard  the  camp  equipage  and  see 
to  loading  it  into  the  canal  boats  at  the  ferry  This  being  done, 
they  began  the  march  across  country  about  5  PM.  The 
roads  being  heavy  (when  they  were  fortunate  enough  to  find 
any),  and  the  fields  soft  from,  recent  rains,  they  found  it  very 
hard  work  and  made  frequent  halts.  The  final  halt  was  made 
at  Seneca  Lock,  the  company  taking  possession  of  the  lock  house. 
Their  duties  here  were  to  act  as  pickets,  search  all  boats  pass- 
ing and  examine  passes.  At  12  o'clock  each  night  a  patrol  was 
sent  up  the  river  to  the  next  post,  to  get  the  report  from  above 
and  pass  it  down,  by  giving  it  to  the  sentinel  in  front  of  the 
house,  who,  in  turn,  gave  it  to  the  mounted  patrol  when  he 
came  up.  Only  one  report  was  ever  received.  That  was  "All 
Right.  "  In  about  two  weeks  this  company  was  ordered  to 
join  the  regiment  at  Camp  Lander,  near  Muddy  Branch.  Their 
first  work  was  the  procuring  of  logs  from  the  camps  that  had 
just  been  abandoned  by  Gen.  Banks'  Division.  The  men  built 
these  up  for  about  three  feet  from  the  ground,  stopping-  the 
the  cracks  between  them  with  small  sticks  and  mud.  The  soil 
contained  much  clay  and  made  good  mortar.  On  the  top  of 
the  logs  the  tent  was  made  fast  and  fire  places  were  built  in 
one  side,  with  a  barrel  or  a  box  for  a  chimney.  A  few, 
more  industrious  than  others,  built  their  chimneys  of  sticks,  log 
house  style,  and  plastered  the  inside  with  mud.  In  the  same 
way  were  the  houses  of  the  poor  whites  and  negroes  provided 
with  means  to  let  the  smoke  escape,  the  cooking  all  being  done 
by  the  open  fire  place.  Ovens  Were  built  out  of  doors  in  which 
to  bake  bread,  as  few  of  the  chimneys  in  the  camp  reached 
above  the  top  of  the  tent  and  there  was  more  or  less  trouble 
to  make  them  draw.  To  remedy  this,  boards  were  fastened 
on  the  top  and  shifted  with  the  wind. 

The  regiment  had  left  Lynnfield  with  much  less  than  its 


REMOVAL  TO  MUDDY  BRANCH.  45 

full  quota,  and  the  enlisted  men  of  the  ten  companies  were 
now  consolidated  into  nine,  those  in  Company  H  being  distrib- 
uted among  the  others.  A  new  company  was  then  authorized 
to  be  raised  in  Essex  county  by  Charles  U  Devereux,  the  for- 
mer First  Sergeant  of  the  Salem  Zouaves  and  brother  of  Lieut. 
Col. Devereux. 

This  company  arrived  at  Muddy  Branch  on  December  13, 
1861,  bringing  with  it  125  men.  Its  complement  was  but  101, 
and  all  over  this  number  were  sent  to  the  other  companies  as 
recruits.  This  brought  the  membership  of  the  regiment  up 
to  939  men. 

In  the  new  company  were  many  members  of  the  Salem 
Zouaves  who  had  served  through  the  Three  Months  Campaign. 
Beside  Capt.  Devereux  were  First  Lieutenant  Albert  Thorndike, 
First  Sergt.  Wm.  R.  Driver,  Sergeants  Albert  C.  Douglas,  George 
B.  Symonds  and  Samuel  H.  Smith  and  Corp.  A.  Frank  Hutch- 
ings.  This  company  was  at  once  mustered  into  service  as  the 
new  Company  H,  and  given  the  nickname  of  "The  Lapstone 
Light  Infantry. ' '  A  family  reunion  of  the  Salem  Zouaves  nat- 
urally followed. 

Tents  were  issued  to  the  new  company,  and  everybody 
turned  their  attention  to  making  themselves  comfortable. 
Stockades  were  built  about  the  tent,  with  fire-places  and  such 
other  conveniences  as  the  experience  of  those  who  had  been 
longer  domiciled  could  suggest.  The  officers  of  the  new  company 
built  a  log  hut  of  generous  dimensions,  with  a  bed  built  of  poles 
covering  about  all  the  available  ground  space.  It  left  only 
enough  room  to  get  in  and  out  to  feed  the  fire,  which  was  left 
burning  most  of  the  time  in  the  great  fire  place.  In  this  cabin, 
old  friends  lounged  on  the  bed,  played  cards,  studied  and  dis- 
cussed the  Tactics  and  Regulations,  "jawed  "  and  spat  m 
the  fire.  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  and  others  of  the  old  company 
were  frequent  visitors. 

On  December  20  recruits  to  the  number  of  117  arrived 
among  them  "Billy"  Hill,  another  Salem  Zouave,  who  came 
out  as  Sergeant  in  Co.  F  Another  reunion  was  immediately 
held, 

The    duties  of  the  regiment  in  its  new  camp,   were  of  a 


46  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

nature  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  drill.  It  had  13  miles  of  the 
Potomac,  from  Great  Falls  to  Seneca  Falls  to  picket,  three  de- 
fensive blockhouses  to  build,  48  feet  each  way,  of  the  shape  of 
a  Greek  cross,  four  feet  thick,  twelve  feet  high,  with  loopholes 
for  infantry  arms,  roofed  with  logs  three  feet  thick  and 
covered  then  with  three  feet  of  earth.  Two  hundred  and  twenty 
five  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  were  engaged  in  this  work. 
All  the  logs  used  in  the  construction  had  to  be  felled  and  squared 
with  common  axes,  hauled  to  the  different  eminences  on  which 
the  buildings  were  to  be  erected,  and  then  placed,  each  log  being 
fitted  and  pinned  with  treenails.  These  were  to  protect  the 
ford  and  lock  at  Whitehouse  on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Canal.  Long  after  the  regiment  left  this  vicinity,  these  block- 
houses played  a  conspicuous  part  in  preventing  raids  across 
the  river. 

As  two  towns,  Rockville  and  Darnestown,  required  a  pro- 
vost guard,  Company  A,  Capt.  Merritt,  was  given  the  duty- 
In  addition  the  camp  and  stores  of  the  regiment  demanded  a 
quarter  guard.  A  bakery  for  the  regiment  was  erected  and 
flour  instead  of  stale  bread,  was  drawn  from  Poolesville,  Levi 
Woofindale,  of  Company  G,  being  appointed  regimental  baker 

The  headquarters  of  the  regiment  were  located  in  an  old 
wooden  building  and  here  also  were  the  quarters  of  the  Adjut- 
ant, Quartermaster  and  Surgeon.  Tents  scattered  about  the 
building  were  used  for  the  non-commissioned  staff  and  men  de- 
tailed at  headquarters.  The  balance  of  the  regiment  were 
housed  in  tents.  Guard  mounting  took  place  each  morning. 
The  band  was  still  with  the  regiment,  and  the  players  had  a 
hard  time  in  keeping  their  fingers  warm  during  inspection  and 
review.  This  guard  mounting,  being  all  the  military  duty  there 
was  to  do,  was  made  much  of.  The  weather  was  very  bad  and 
many  were  sick.  Mud  and  rain,  snow,  fever,  flux  and  death 
seemed  to  be  everywhere  in  abundance.  Heavy  artillery  and 
musketry  fire  was  heard  every  few  days  at  distant  points  and 
the  men  grew  impatient  to  go  forward. 

While  at  Muddy  Branch,  the  adjutants  of  regiments  were 
ordered  to  instruct  the  color  sergeants  in  the  use  of  the  flag  for 
signalling  by  day  and  of  signal  cartridges  by  night.     The  sig- 


REMOVAL  TO  MUDDY  BRANCH.  47 

nal  kit,  as  it  was  called,  consisted  of  a  waist  belt,  cartridge  box  for 
the  signals,  and  a  brass  barrelled  pistol  with  which  to  fire  them. 

The  signals  were  cylindrical  in  shape,  an  inch  or  more  in 
diameter,  with  a  wooden  projection  at  the  bottom  to  fit  the  bar- 
rel of  the  pistol.  The  quick  match  protruded  from  the  end  of 
this  wooden  projection.  These  cartridges  were  covered  with 
colored  paper,  indicating  the  color  that  would  show  when  they 
were  lighted.  The  pistols  were  fitted  with  a  percussion  lock, 
the  signal  would  be  inserted  in  the  barrel  as  far  as  the  wood 
plug,  leaving  the  cartridge  sticking  up  outside  and  the  quick 
match  extending  down  the  inside  of  the  barrel.  A  percussion 
cap  would  then  be  placed  on  the  nipple,  and,  when  snapped  by 
pulling  the  trigger,  the  spark  would  ignite  the  quickmatch  and 
the  signal  would  be  fired  like  a  bengola  light. 

The  first  signal  issued  to  the  Nineteenth  regiment  is  now  in 
the  possession  of  Capt.  Reynolds.  These  signals  were  in  vogue 
before  the  organization  of  the  signal  corps,  which  afterward  be- 
came a  separate,  distinct  and  efficient  branch  of  the  service  and 
has  been  ever  since. 

There  was  a  "countersign"  for  the  quarter  or  regimental 
guard  at  night,  a  "parole"  for  the  picket  guard,  and  signals  as 
described  for  distant  signalling.  The  countersign  was  a  distinct 
matter  in  itself  and  was  changed,  together  with  the  ' '  challenge" 
and  "reply"  of  day  or  night,  every  24  hours.  It  was  written 
on  a  piece  of  paper,  which  was  then  folded  into  a  triangular 
shape,  like  a  '  'cocked  hat,"  three  inches  long,  sealed  with  wax 
at  the  corners,  addressed  to  the  commander  of  the  regiment, 
marked  "  O.  B., "  which  meant  "  Official  Business, ' '  and  further 
marked  ' '  Confidential. "  Woe  to  the  officer  or  man  who,  with 
out  authority  broke  one  of  the  little  seals.  The  Regulations 
provided  for  summary  punishment  in  such  a  case,  but  this  never 
occurred  in  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts.  One  of  the  counter- 
signs which  has  been  preserved  reads,  "Kansas,"  the  parole 
"Missouri."  The  day  challenge  is  "22,"  the  reply  "112," 
made  by  motions  of  the  flag.  The  night  challenge  is 
"Red -White,"  the  reply   being  "White."   (*)   These  colors 

(*)    This  .signal,  not  being  used,  become  void,  and  is   preserved  by 
Captain  Revnolds  among  his  war  souvenirs. 


48  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

designated  by  the  outer  wrapper  on  the  signal  cartridge,  corre- 
spond with  the  instructions  in  the  little  folded  "cocked  hat." 
Nearly  all  of  these  were  countersigned  "Official,  John  C. 
Chadwick,  Act.  Asst.  Adjt.  Genl., "  who  served  in  this  capacity 
at  Brigade  Headquarters  for  a  long  time. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE    WINTER    AT    MUDDY    BRANCH. 

The  evenings  at  headquarters  were  often  interesting. 
There  was  plenty  of  time  to  study,  discuss  and  exemplify  the 
tactics  and  regulations.  Acting  Adjutant  Reynolds  had  a 
' '  wooden  regiment, ' '  made  and  sent  to  him  by  his  father,  and 
these  were  frequently  brought  into  use  to  demonstrate  a 
movement  in  the  tactics.  This  series  of  blocks  is  still  preserved 
among  his  army  collection. 

Major  Howe,  or  "Jack"  Howe,  as  he  was  called,  and  Dr. 
J.  Franklin  Dyer,  the  regimental  surgeon,  were  always  good  na- 
turedly  discussing  the  seniority  of  their  respective  positions, 
one  being  a  major  of  the  line,  the  other  a  major  of  the  general 
(or  medical)  staff.  This  matter  was  brought  up  by  one  or  the 
other  of  them  nearly  every  evening,  each  making  his  claim 
and  supporting  it  in  strong  but  good  humored  argument. 
When  sitting  around  the  open  fire  and  the  conversation  nagged, 
the  major  or  the  doctor  would  take  a  fresh  cigar  and  between 
the  whiffs,  coincident  to  the  lighting  of  it,  would  say  to  the 
other,  "Well,  Major  — "  and  all  present  would  burst  out  laugh- 
ing, hitch  up  a  little  closer  and  listen,  for  everybody  knew  that 
the  old  question  was  about  to  be  re-opened  by  some  new  para- 
graph in  the  regulations  or  tactics  which  had  been  discovered 
since  the  last  argument.  But  the  question  was  never  settled, 
and  furnished  material  for  an  endless  discussion.  On  one  oc- 
casion, Major  Howe,  who  had  been  studiously  reading  the 
tactics,  was  seen  to  suddenly  put  down  the  book,  stand  erect 
and  say  with  much  emphasis  to  Col.  Hinks,  "Colonel,  I  have 
read  the  tactics  and  army  regulations  through,  and  I  can't 
find  the  first  thing  that  a  major  is  responsible  for. ' '  Colonel 
Hinks  looked  at  Major  Howe  for  a  moment,  then  replied, 
"Major,  make  a  study  of  guard  duty." 

(49) 


50  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Every  member  of  the  regiment  will  remember  that  Major 
Howe  did  so,  and  was  an  authority  on  quarter  guard,  picket 
and  outpost  duty.  Nothing  pleased  him  more  than  to  be  de- 
tailed, later  on,  when  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  more  active 
duty,  as  Field  Officer  of  the  Day,  in  which  he  always  excelled. 

An  amusing  incident  occurred  at  Whitehouse  Lock,  where 
there  was  a  tail  race.  The  lock  itself  was  spanned  by  a  nar- 
row plank  walk.  Two  men  had  been  drowned  by  falling  into 
the  lock,  and  the  noise  of  the  race  had  prevented  their  cries 
being  heard.  Late  one  night,  Capt.  Weymouth  of  Company 
G,  commanding  the  outpost,  heard  someone  struggling  in  the 
lock  and  calling  for  help.  He  managed  to  fish  out  the  unfor- 
tunate person,  who  wore  a  Brigadier  General's  uniform,  and 
put  him  in  front  of  a  fire  in  his  quarters,  dressed  in  clothing 
furnished  by  the  officer  on  duty.  It  was  in  December,  and  he 
was  not  only  nearly  drowned  but  as  nearly  frozen  to  death. 
The  man  proved  to  be  Governor  William  Sprague,  of  Rhode 
Island,  on  his  way  to  Poolesville  to  visit  some  batteries  from 
his  state  which  were  stationed  there.  He  had  taken  a  notion 
to  ride  up  the  tow  path  of  the  canal  in  the  night,  from  Wash- 
ington, so  as  to  reach  Poolesville  by  daylight.  As  he  had  the 
countersign  and  parole,  he  could  pass  all  the  pickets.  He  had 
fastened  his  horse  and|  endeavored  to  reach  the  storehouse, 
where  he  saw  light  and  hoped  to  get  warmth  and  refreshments 
but  slipped  into  the  lock  in  crossing. 

During  the  stay  of  the  regiment  at  Muddy  Branch,  there 
were  numerous  changes  in  the  roster.  Q.  M.  S.  Oliver  F  Briggs, 
of  Company  A.  was  promoted  to  be  Second  Lieutenant  in  that 
Company:  Com.  Sergt.  Elisha  A.  Hinks,  of  Company  B.  was 
made  Second  Lieutenant,  Vice  Second  Lieut.  James  G.  Lurvey, 
honorably  discharged.  Second  Lieut.  Geo.  M.  Barry,  of  Com- 
pany E,  was  honorably  discharged  and  First  Sergt.  M.  A. 
McNamara  was  promoted  to  the  position. 

During  January  and  February  the  officers  were  very  much 
scattered.  Col.  Hinks  was  absent  in  Massachusetts,  and  Lieut. 
Col.  Devereux  was  left  in  command  of  the  district  from  Great 
Falls  to  Seneca.  Adjt.  John  C.  Chadwick  was  acting  As'st. 
Adjt.  General  at  the  headquarters  of  the  First  Brigade,  Corps 


THE    WINTER    AT    MUDDY    BRANCH.  51 

of  Observation;  Capt.  C.  M.  Merritt,  Company  A.  was  at 
Rockville  as  Provost  Marshall,  with  Second  Lieut.  W  L. 
Palmer,  of  Company  I,  as  Deputy  Marshall;  Capt.  J.  Scott 
Todd,  of  Company  C,  was  at  Seneca  in  charge  of  building  de- 
fensive blockhouses;  Capt.  James  D.  Russell,  of  Company  D, 
at  Muddy  Branch  Lock,  building  the  defensive  blockhouse 
between  Muddy  Branch  and  Seneca  and  Second  Lieut.  Samuel 
Baxter  was  with  him.  Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  of  Company  F, 
had  charge  of  the  picket  line  on  the  Potomac  River  at  Seneca 
Lock,  while  Second  Lieut.  Dudley  C.  Mumford  was  at  Lock 
No.  31,  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal.  Capt.  Weymouth,  of  Com- 
pany G,  was  at  Whitehouse  Lock. 

A  number  from  the  regiment  had  been  sent  away  on  re- 
cruiting duty,  including  First  Lieut.  Moncena  Dunn,  of  Com- 
pany D,  Sergt.  Warner  W  Tilton,  of  Company  A,  Sergt. 
Ephraim  A.  Hall,  Jr.,  Company  F,  Corp.  John  N.  Thompson, 
Company  B ;  Privates  Edward  K.  Davis,  Company  D ;  Edward 
Z.  Braley,  Company  D;  Michael  Sullivan,  Company  E. 

First.   Lieut.  George  W    Bachelder,  of  Company  C,  was 
made  the  Acting  Regimental  Adjutant  while  at  Muddy  Branch, 
from  January  4th,  during  the  absence  of  First  Lieut.  John  P 
Reynolds,  on  leave. 

On  Feb.  21st,  dress  parade  was  had  and  Col.  Hinks  pre- 
sided for  the  first  time  in  four  months.  The  regimental  band 
played  "Home  Sweet  Home"  after  dismissal,  and  many  a 
"boy"  wished  he  was  there. 

A  detachment  of  32  recruits  was  received  from  the  depot 
on  February  24,  and  they  were  distributed  among  Companies 
D.  and  F 

The  regiment  was  busily  employed  until  March  12,  1862, 
when  it  was  ordered  to  join  Sedgwick's  Division  and  the 
balance  of  the  Brigade,  under  command  of  Brigadier  Gen.  N. 
J.  T  Dana,  at  Harper's  Ferry,  on  its  way  to  reinforce  Gen. 
Banks  and  Shields  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  The  tents  which 
had  sheltered  the  the  men  since  they  left  Massachusetts  were 
taken  down  and  sent  to  Washington  with  the  extra  personal 
baggage.      A  flotilla   of  canal  boats  was  taken   at  Edward's 


52  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Ferry  and  on  these  were  loaded  the  wagons,  ammunition  and 
supplies,  and  the  regiment  started  for  Harper's  Ferry. 

The  boats  were  lazily  drawn  along  by  mules  up  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Canal  to  the  Point  of  Rocks.  This  proved  to 
be  a  very  pleasant  and  agreeable  journey,  the  weather  was 
pleasant  and  the  scenery  beautiful.  The  Potomoc,  with  its 
many  rapids  fringed  with  trees  and  bushes,  green  with  their 
new  foliage,  with  hills  and  mountains  making  on  the  opposite 
side  a  background  beautiful  and  picturesque,  made  a  scene 
long  to  be  remembered.  The  canal  wound  along  the  bank  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountains,  which,  as  they  neared  Harper's 
Ferry,  rose  in  steep  crags  and  precipices  with  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad  running  between. 

Arriving  opposite  the  town  on  the  13th  of  March,  the  men 
landed,  crossed  the  pontoon  bridge  to  Harper's  Ferry  and 
formed  in  the  street,  on  which  stood  the  ruins  of  a  United 
States'  Arsenal,  the  scene  of  John  Brown's  exploit,  which  at 
that  time  was  filled  with  rebel  prisoners.  Then  they  marched 
back  to  the  hill  and  encamped  in  Boliver,  situated  on  higher 
ground  above  the  village  of  Harper's  Ferry.  As  the  command 
stopped  here  for  a  day,  the  men  had  an  opportunity  to  look 
around  the  place.  The  ruins  of  the  goverment  works,  and  the 
place  of  Brown's  temporary  confinement  were  viewed  by  all 
with  much  interest.  The  men  were  now  on  the  sacred  soil  of 
Virginia  and  felt  that  soon  they  would  have  work  to  do. 

On  the  following  day  the  regiment  marched  to  Charlestown, 
the  place  where  Brown  was  tried  and  hung,  and  camped  in  a 
grove  on  the  outskirts  of  the  village,  to  await  orders  from  the 
front,  where  Banks'  troops  had  been  engaged  at  Winchester. 
Many  visited  the  field  where  Brown  was  hung  and  the  village ; 
inhabitants  of  which  were  found  to  be  very  warm  and  out- 
spoken secessionists  and  confident  of  winning  in  the  great 
struggle.  Company  A  was  ordered  back  to  Harper's  Ferry  as  a 
Provost  Guard,  while  the  rest  of  the  regiment  marched  on. 

The  regiment  on  the  right  of  the  Third  Brigade  was  lead- 
ing the  column  and  when  they  reached  the  village  the  next 
morning    some  one    struck    up  "John    Brown's  body  lies  a 


THE    WINTER    AT    MUDDY    BRANCH.  53 

mouldering  in  the  ground."  The  whole  regiment  immediately 
joined  in  the  chorus.  (They  were  all  singers, — then.)  But  to 
their  surprise,  Col.  Hinks  issued  orders  that  the  singing  should 
immediately  be  stopped.  Soon  they  saw  what  he  intended,  for 
the  band  began  to  play  the  same  tune,  and  then  the  men 
joined  in  again  and  rolled  it  out  with  vigor  all  the  way  through 
the  town.  The  whole  Corp  took  up  the  song  and  through  the 
streets  of  the  little  town  15,000  men  marched  and  sang  the 
refrain.  There  were  many  in  the  town  who  looked  on  from 
behind  the  closed  blinds,  and  scowled,  but  here  and  there  a 
face  could  be  seen  beaming  with  satisfaction  to  see  the  Union 
troops  marching  down  to  victory  Many  colored  people  were 
upon  the  streets,  but  no  white  people  came  out. 

The  teams  were  behind,  there  were  no  tents  to  shelter  the 
men  and  at  night  they  were  ordered  into  a  field  covered  with 
heavy  oak  timber,  to  do  the  best  they  could  for  shelter. 

An  order  had  been  issued  from  army  headquarters  for- 
biding  the  taking  of  any  property,  even  of  old  Secessionists, 
for  the  use  of  the  army  The  order  included  even  fence  rails, 
which  must  be  protected  and  not  put  to  use.  The  enemy's 
outposts  had  been  driven  away  from  behind  the  breastwork  of 
rails  which  they  had  piled  up  for  their  protection.  The  men  soon 
began  to  collect  these  and  build  fires,  but  the  commander  did 
not  interfere,  realizing  that  there  are  times  when  necessity 
overtops  all  rules.  The  men  were  wet  through,  were  tired  and 
hungry  and  to  save  the  regiment  from  possible  serious  sickness, 
fires  were  indispensible. 

By  the  next  night  Dana's  brigade  had  reached  Berry ville, 
where  it  joined  the  other  two  brigades  of  the  division,  under 
command  of  Brig.  Gen.  John  Sedgwick.  It  was  not  destined, 
however,  to  remain  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  with  Banks  for, 
on  the  the  15th  of  March,  the  Division  started  early  on  its  return 
to  Harper's  Ferry  and  encamped  on  Boliver  Heights,  occupy- 
ing the  deserted  houses,  which  made  very  comfortable  quarters. 
Here  the  command  remained  until  March  24.  It  rained 
steadily  all  the  time,  and  the  streets,  cut  up  by  the  constant 
passage  of  heavy  teams,  were  reduced  to  a  condition  rivaling 
those  at  Muddy  Branch. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE    SIEGE    OF   YORKTOWN. 

On  Monday,  March  24,  the  regiment  left  Boliver  Heights 
at  7.30  A.M.  for  Harper's  Ferry  to  join  General  McClellan's 
army,  en  route  for  the  Peninsula.  After  two  hours  of  tedious 
waiting  at  the  Ferry,  they  crossed  the  river  on  single  planks, 
placed  end  to  end,  along  the  railroad  bridge  just  completed. 

On  reaching  Sandy  Hook,  on  the  Maryland  side,  the  men 
waited  in  the  cold  until  10  P.M.  before  the  train  arrived  and 
when  it  came  they  beheld  the  freight  cars  as  friends  in  which 
they  had  travelled  before.  The  officers,  however,  rejoiced  in  a 
passenger  car.  After  a  tedious  night's  ride,  the  regiment 
reached  Washington  on  March  25  and  occupied  the  same  Sol- 
dier 's  Rest  as  was  provided  on  its  first  arrival  at  the  Capitol  in 
August,  1861,  but  the  lodging,  this  time,  was  inside,  instead  of 
outside  the  building. 

In  the  morning  of  Wednesday  they  marched  to  a  camp- 
ground in  the  environs  and  during  the  brief  stay  there  were 
much  complimented  for  their  excellent  discipline,  exemplary 
conduct,  correct  drill  and  fine  parade. 

On  March  27,  at  5.30  P.M.  the  regiment  marched  down 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  amid  clouds  of  dust,  to  the  foot  of  Sixth 
Street,  where  it  embarked  upon  the  transport, ' '  North  America  " 
for  Fortress  Monroe.  On  account  of  a  sudden  storm  which 
came  up  just  as  the  boat  left  the  Potomac  River,  the  vessel  put 
back  behind  Point  Lookout  to  avoid  being  swamped.  The 
boat  was  very  leaky,  old  and  unseaworthy,  and  narrowly  escaped 
wreck.  The  men  were  crowded  between  the  decks  like  cattle 
and  the  brief  experience  on  shipboard  was  very  trying. 

At  Point  Lookout  the  regiment  debarked  and  remained 
on  shore  over  night,  the  "Non-Corns"  being  placed  in  a  two- 
room  cottage,  while  the  men  found  quarters  in  the  deserted 
Point  Lookout  Hotel. 
(54) 


THE    SIEGE    OF   YORKTOWN.  55 

There  were  many  evidences  of  the  popularity  of  the  hotel 
in  the  days  that  had  passed,  and  a  number  of  tickets  for  a 
"Grand  Hop"  were  found  and  kept  as  souvenirs. 

Re-embarking  on  the  following  morning,  the  regiment 
reached  Fortress  Monroe  at  9  P.M.  that  evening,  March  30,  and 
disembarked  in  the  morning,  marching  over  execrable  roads 
into  camp  at  Hampton.  This  place  had  been  burned  by  the 
rebels,  and  nothing  but  chimneys  were  left  to  show  its  site.  A 
large  army  had  already  assembled  at  Hampton  and  the  prac- 
tical formation  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  took  place  there. 
The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Regiment  was  made  a  part  of 
the  First  Brigade,  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  N.  J.  T.  Dana;  of 
the  Second  Division,  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  John  Sedg- 
wick; of  the  Second  Corps,  commanded  by  Maj.  Gen.  E.  V 
Sumner.  The  two  other  Brigades  of  the  Division  were  com- 
manded by  Brig.  Gen.  Gorman  and  Brig.  Gen.  Burns. 

Camp  was  pitched  here  as  though  a  long  stay  was  to  be 
made,  the  men  being  quartered  in  Sibley  tents,  it  being  the  first 
time  they  had  been  thus  housed.  Thereafter,  only  shelter 
tents  were  used.  Each  man  carried  his  part  of  it.  Five  pieces 
would  make  a  tent,  four  for  the  roof  and  one  for  the  end,  and 
each  tent  sheltered  five  men.  Sometimes  four  men  would  own, 
between  them,  six  pieces  and  they  would  have  more  room  and 
a  tent  with  two  ends  to  keep  out  the  wind  and  rain  in  stormy 
weather.  For  sticks  to  hold  them  up,  they  had  to  trust  to 
luck.  Two  forked  sticks,  about  four  feet  long,  would  be  driven 
into  the  ground  and  a  longer  one  placed  across  it.  Then  the 
four  pieces  of  tent,  having  been  buttoned  together,  would  be 
stretched  over  and  pinned  to  the  ground.  As  far  as  the  eye 
could  reach  there  was  a  sea  of  tents,  wagons,  horses,  ambulances, 
infantry,  artillery,  cavalry,  siege  and  pontoon  trains,  each 
branch  complete  in  itself.  There  were  on  the  ground,  with 
the  army,  120  regiments,  batteries  and  cavalry 

General  McClellan  arrived  on  April  3,  and  the  order  was 
given  for  the  main  body  of  the  army  to  be  ready  the  next  morn- 
ing for"the  advance  upon  Yorktown.  The  soldiers  were  ordered 
to  prepare  five  day's  rations,  three  in  their  knapsacks  and  two 
in  the  wagons.     This  command  sent  a  thrill  of  joy  through  the 


56  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

ranks,  for  all  were  weary  of  the  long  months  of  quiet,  during 
which  they  had  loitered  behind  the  intrenchments  on  the 
Potomac. 

As  the  shades  of  night  settled  down  over  the  bustling 
camp,  a  scene  more  beautiful  than  imagination  can  conceive 
was  presented  to  the  eye.  In  that  genial  clime,  the  air  was 
deliriously  pure  and  balmy;  there  was  no  wind  and  scarcely  a 
leaf  moved.  The  new  moon  shone  serenely  in  a  cloudless  sky, 
without  sufficient  power  to  eclipse  the  myriad  of  stars  which 
crowded  the  firmament.  The  exultant  soldiers  threw  rails  and 
logs  upon  their  camp  fires  and  the  crackling  flames  so  brilliantly 
illumined  the  scene  that,  as  with  the  light  of  day,  all  the  move- 
ments of  the  camp  were  reA'ealed. 

Never  did  a  picnic  festival  present  a  more  joyous  aspect. 
The  groups  of  soldiers  were  in  all  picturesque  attitudes.  Some 
were  writing  home,  others  were  frolicking  and  dancing,  with 
shouts  which  rang  through  the  groves.  Some  were  burnishing 
their  arms,  mending  their  clothing,  or  cooking  food  for  the 
hungry  hours  which  they  knew  would  soon  come;  while  others 
were  soundly  sleeping  with  the  green  turf  alone  for  mattress 
and  pillow. 

The  white  tents  scattered  around  added  not  a  little  to  the 
beauty  of  the  spectacle.  Enlivening  music  from  many  bands 
rose  over  all  and  floated  through  the  night  air  in  soul-stirring 
Strains.  But  at  length  the  moon  went  down.  The  camp 
fires  burned  more  and  more  dimly  until  they  expired,  and  the 
silence  of  night  enveloped  the  sleeping  camp.  At  three  o  'clock 
in  the  morning,  at  the  sound  of  the  reveille,  every  soldier  sprang 
up.  The  camp  fires  were  instantly  replenished  and  almost  in 
a  moment  the  gloom  of  the  undawned  morning  was  dispelled 
by  the  flashings  of  a  thousand  flames.  The  hot  coffee  was  soon 
made,  the  morning  meal  hastily  eaten,  and  at  half  past  five  the 
brigades  were  formed  in  line  of  march.  Each  soldier  carried  his 
piece  of  shelter  tent.  Six  wagons  only  were  allowed  each  regi- 
ment for  officers'  tents,  baggage  and  the  hospital  and  com- 
missary stores. 

As  the  column  took  up  its  line  of  march,  the  cavalry  and 
sharpshooters  were  sent  in  advance,  to  reconnoitre  and  to  re- 


THE    SIEGE    OF    YORKTOWN.  57 

move  any  obstructions  of  felled  trees  or  broken  bridges  by 
which  the  enemy  might  have  endeavored  to  retard  their  prog- 
ress. The  main  body  of  the  troops  advanced  by  the  direct 
route  to  Yorktown.  General  Morrill 's  Brigade  and  General 
Hamilton 's  Division  of  the  Third  Corps  took  a  road  which  led 
to  the  right.  The  route  traversed  by  both  wings  of  the  army 
led  through  the  old  fortifications  of  Big  Bethel  and  over  a  fer- 
tile and  very  beautiful  region,  shaded  with  forests  and  embel- 
lished with  the  mansions  of  the  wealthy  planters.  It  was 
formerly  the  garden  spot  of  Virginia,  but  the  war  had  already 
spread  its  desolation  over  the  once  fair  fields  and  they  were 
now  perfectly  devastated.  The  farms  were  forsaken,  and  the 
little  villages  were  abandoned  by  their  terrified  inhabitants. 

A  rain  storm  of  several  hour's  duration  compelled  a  halt 
and  during  that  time  Generals  McClellan  and  Heintzelman 
passed  the  column  on  horseback.  The  cheering  grew  gradually 
and  constantly  louder  as  they  approached,  culminating  in  a 
deafening  roar  as  they  passed  and  gradually  died  away  in  the 
distance,  showing  at  once  the  extent  of  the  line  and  the  enthu- 
siasm of  the  soldiery  under  such  a  leader  as  their  favorite, 
"Little  Mac." 

At  the  end  of  the  second  day 's  march,  the  army  encamped 
on  a  plain  about  two  miles  from  the  enemy's  works  at  York- 
town.  A  sharp  artillery  duel  followed.  Here  army  life  began 
in  real  earnest.  Uncooked  rations  were  served  to  the  men  and 
the  company  cooks  were  ordered  to  the  ranks. 

On  the  7th  of  April,  the  Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  Massa- 
chusetts regiments,  under  the  command  of  General  Dana, 
started  on  a  reconnoissance  of  the  enemy 's  works.  After  dis- 
covering the  fortifications  at  Winn's  Mills,  the  Nineteenth  was 
ordered  to  march  through  a  belt  of  woods  down  upon  the  works, 
then  pass  along  their  front  and  discoA^er  its  extent.  This  was 
successfully  accomplished  under  a  sharp  musketry  fire,  in  the 
midst  of  which  the  regiment  moved  steadily  and  unflinchingly 
as  if  on  drill.  Two  of  the  captains  in  the  regiment,  in  their 
enthusiasm,  borrowed  each  a  musket  from  their  men  and  pep- 
pered away  at  the  enemy  until  ordered  by  a  staff  officer  to  desist. 


58  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

After  gaining  the  requisite  knowledge  of  the  locality  by 
thus  drawing  the  enemy's  fire,  the  regiment  was  halted  where 
it  was  partially  sheltered  in  a  ravine  and  remained  there  two 
hours,  subjected  to  a  vigorous  fire  from  the  guas  of  the  works. 
At  nightfall  they  were  withdrawn.  The  officers  and  men  be- 
haved admirably  and  called  forth  General  Dana 's  hearty  com- 
mendation. Captain  Wass  and  Privates  Patrick  Murphy  and 
David  Duran  of  Company  K  were  wounded,  and  Private  An- 
drew Fontain,  of  Company  D,  was  killed, — being  the  first  man 
in  the  regiment  to  be  killed. 

During  the  reconnoisance  a  drizzling  rain  had  prevailed 
and  everything  and  everybody  was  thoroughly  soaked.  At 
night  the  men  were  stationed  in  an  old  cornfield  with  one  foot 
on  one  hill  and  another  on  the  other,  with  several  inches  of 
water  between  them.  In  this  position,  steaded  by  their  mus- 
kets, many  of  them  stood  up  all  night.  The  officers  were 
huddled  together  into  a  half  dozen  Sibley  tents  hastily  put  up. 
The  ground  was  so  wet  that  it  was  impossible  to  keep  dry  and 
the  water  ran  in  sheets  under  and  through  these  tents. 

On  the  following  day  the  army  moved  forward  to  the  close 
investment  of  the  enemy 's  works.  General  Sumner  was  placed 
in  command  of  the  left  wing,  consisting  of  his  own  and  the 
Fourth  Corps.  He  was  in  front  of  the  line  of  the  Warwick, 
while  the  Third  Corps  was  charged  with  the  operations  against 
Yorktown  itself.  Sedgwick's  Division  held  the  line  along  the 
front  of  the  fortifications  at  Winn's  Mills. 

On  the  day  after  the  investment  was  made,  Lieut.  Col. 
Devereux  was,  by  Special  Order,  placed  in  charge  of  3000  men, 
who  worked  day  and  night  in  the  erection  of  the  batteries  and 
redoubts  for  the  reduction  of  the  works  in  front  of  the  division. 

The  enemy's  position  extended  across  the  Peninsula  from 
Yorktown,  on  the  York  River,  to  Warwick,  on  Warwick  Creek, 
a  small  stream  which  emptied  into  the  James.  From  the 
natural  defence  of  this  creek,  which  they  had  dammed  at  Winn 's 
Mills  and  Lee's  Mills,  and  the  conformity  of  the  flooded  land 
in  that  vicinity,  the  enemy  were,  by  a  comparatively  short 
line  of  works,  able  to  command  all  the  roads  up  the  Peninsula 


THE    SIEGE    OF    YORKTOWN.  59 

leading  to  Richmond.  They  also  held  Gloucester,  opposite 
Yorktown,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  York  River,  where  the 
banks  of  that  stream  approach  and  form  a  narrow  strait. 

McClellan  reported  that  "the  position  of  the  enemy  is  a 
strong  one.  From  present  indications  their  fortifications  extend 
some  two  miles  in  length  and  mount  heavy  guns.  The  ground 
in  front  of  their  heavier  guns  is  low  and  swampy,  making  it 
utterly  impassable. ' ' 

The  first  camp  of  shelter  tents  was  pitched  within  two 
miles  of  the  enemy's  outworks  of  Yorktown  on  a  level  plain, 
and  was  called,  "Camp  Winfield  Scott."  The  men  of  the 
Nineteenth  were  employed  in  picket  duty  and  building  cordu- 
roy roads.  One  morning  the  Brigade  was  ordered  out  in  light 
marching  order  and  moved  by  the  flank  into  the  woods  in  the 
direction  of  the  enemy's  works.  After  marching  a  mile  or  so, 
it  halted  in  the  edge  of  some  woods.  The  right  [Capt.  Wass,] 
and  left  [Capt.  Rice,]  flank  companies  of  the  regiment  were 
deployed  as  skirmishers.  After  the  two  companies  had  got 
their  distance  ahead,  the  rest  of  the  regiment  moved  after  them 
by  the  flank,  the  rest  of  the  brigade  having  gone  off  to  the 
right. 

After  advancing  about  twenty  rods,  the  men  came  to  a 
road  which  crossed  the  one  that  they  had  been  following. 
Filing  to  the  right  into  this  and  following  it  some  rods,  the 
skirmishers  moving  by  the  flank,  they  halted  and  lay  down 
behind  a  bank  along  the  side  of  the  road.  In  front,  a  thick 
growth  of  young  wood,  six  or  eight  feet  in  height,  prevented 
them  from  seeing  what  was  there.  Into  this  the  skirmishers 
moved  and  in  a  minute  encountered  the  enemy's  pickets,  who 
retired  to  their  works.  A  few  shots  were  exchanged  with  the 
"Johnnies"  to  amuse  them,  while  the  engineers,  who  had  come 
out  for  the  purpose,  got  a  sketch  of  the  fort  in  the  front.  This 
being  accomplished,  they  fell  back  near  the  regiment,  which 
then  moved  to  the  right  out  of  the  woods  and  advanced  by  com- 
pany front  across  a  field  into  a  thick  pine  forest,  with  little 
underbrush.  Moving  into  it  a  short  distance,  the  skirmishers 
made  a  right  half  wheel  and  almost  immediately  came  into 
collision  with  the  rebel  pickets.     A  lively  encounter  took  place 


60       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

between  them,  in  which  Captain  Wass,  of  Company  K  had  his 
shoulder  strap  shot  off  and  one  of  his  men  was  wounded  in  the 
arm,  when  the  rest  of  the  regiment  moved  forward  and  the 
rebels  retreated  to  their  works.  After  going  forward  a  short 
distance,  the  regiment  flanked  to  the  left  and  marched  about 
a  quarter  of  a  mile,  countermarching  into  a  ravine  somewhat 
nearer  the  enemy's  works,  and  halted. 

The  Andrew  Sharpshooters  came  up  and  advanced  to  the 
edge  of  the  woods,  the  skirmishers  falling  back.  Taking  a 
position  behind  a  fence  they  fired  at  the  men  in  the  enemy's 
works  and  then  dodged  back  into  the  ravine  to  reload.  The 
enemy  at  once  sent  back  a  volley  of  musket  balls  which  went 
buzzing  harmlessly  overhead.  The  sharpshooters  crept  up 
and  gave  them  another  shot,  receiving  the  same  attention  as 
at  first,  accompanied  by  an  unearthly  yelling  and  howling  from 
behind  the  "Johnnies'  "  breastworks.  The  bullets  passed 
overhead  as  before.  The  enemy  tried  canister,  and  finding 
that  those  did  no  damage,  fired  solid  32  pound  shot,  all  going 
overhead  and  far  to  the  rear.  Then  they  tried  a  shell  which 
fell  nearer;  another  burst  directly  overhead  and  the  next  burst 
directly  in  front,  sending  the  pieces  with  full  force  among  the 
men  but  doing  no  harm.  When  the  engineers  had  accomplished 
their  object  the  sharpshooters  were  ordered  to  cease  firing.  The 
enemy  also  stopped  and  the  men  began  the  dreary  march  back 
to  camp,  in  darkness  and  the  pouring  rain.  Arriving  at  about 
10  o'clock,  they  found  the  camp  completely  flooded,  there  being 
no  place  to  lie  down,  but  the  cooks  had  a  nice  hot  vegetable  soup 
which  they  were  very  glad  to  fill  up  on,  being  very  tired,  wet  and 
thoroughly  chilled.  There  being  no  place  in  the  camp  which 
was  not  ankle  deep  with  water,  the  men  groped  their  way  in  the 
darkness  to  higher  ground  and  lay  down  on  the  damp  earth  to 
sleep,  awaking  in  the  morning  still  wet  and  chilled.  The  sun 
soon  came  out,  however,  and  they  dried  themselves  by  taking  a 
sun-bath. 

Little  drilling  was  done  during  the  stay  here,  there  being  so 
much  extra  duty,  which  consisted  chiefly  of  building  corduroy 
roads.  The  regiment  would  go  out  in  charge  of  the  lieutenant- 
colonel  or  major,  leaving  only  a  camp  guard  behind.     On  arriv- 


LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  ARTHUR   FORRESTER  DEVEREUX. 

BREVET   BRIG.   GENERAL    U.   S.   V. 

(Enlarged  from  small  war-time  photograph.) 


THE    SIEGE    OF    YORKTOWN.  61 

ing  at  the  road  to  be  repaired  or  built,  arms  would  be  stacked, 
the  companies  sent  to  different  points  and  divided  into  details, 
one  to  fell  trees  and  cut  them  in  suitable  lengths;  another  to  at- 
tend to  the  hauling,  while  a  third  would  put  them  in  place  and 
cover  with  brush  and  dirt.  Wagon  trains,  constantly  passing 
to  the  front  and  returning,  made  things  lively  all  the  time,  and 
once  in  a  while  enabled  the  men  to  vary  their  work  by  helping  to 
get  a  mule  out  of  the  mud. 

So  the  siege  went  on.  Day  by  day,  the  pick,  the  spade 
and  the  rifle  were  in  active  use.  The  exhausting  labor  in 
the  trenches  bore  down  its  hundreds,  while  the  bullets  lay  low  a 
dozen.  Private  Benjamin  E.  Morgan,  of  Company  A,  was 
wounded  by  the  bursting  of  a  shell  while  on  picket,  April  24. 

The  position  of  the  camp  was  changed  several  times  before 
the  evacuation.  These  camps  were  anything  but  comfortable. 
The  land  was  low  and  flat,  water  could  be  found  almost  any- 
where at  a  foot  below  the  surface.  Natural  springs  were  seldom 
found  and  the  water  was  muddy  and  impure.  Everything  was 
filthy,  and  the  frequent  rains,  followed  by  a  broiling  sun,  caused 
much  sickness.  It  was  not  an  uncommon'thing  to  march  half  a 
company  to  the  sick  call. 

While  Lieutenant-Colonel  Devereux  was  detailed  for  duty 
with  the  Engineer  Corps,  he  superintended  the  erection  of  a  tall 
signal  tower,  bxiilt  of  logs  piled  up  cross-wise  like  a  log  hut,  nar- 
rowing toward  the  top.  This  signal  tower  was  a  constant  target 
for  the  enemy  who  sent  their  daily  compliments  in  the  shape 
of  shells.  The  Union  artillery  would  reply  and  the  duel  was  a 
progressive  one. 

The  regiment  was  constantly  employed  working  on  in- 
trenchments  and  picket  duty,  in  addition  to  its  road  making. 
It  would  move  out  of  camp  in  the  morning  in  light  marching 
order,  one  day's  rations  in  haversacks,  and  proceed  to  the  ex- 
treme front,  where  small  redoubts  were  built,  with  embrasures 
for  guns,  the  rifle  pits  extending,  to  right  and  left,  to  similar 
works  of  the  adjoining  company  The  work  would  take  all  day, 
the  officer  keeping  watch  for  the  smoke  of  the  rebel  guns,  as 
their  works  could  be  plainly  seen  about  a  mile  away  across  the 
marsh.     When  a  puff  of  smoke  was  seen,  some  one  would  call 


62  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

out  "Down"  and  every  man  would,  without  inquiring  why, 
jump  behind  the  breastworks.  Almost  instantly  a  shell  would 
bury  itself  in  the  bank  or  go  screeching  over  their  heads  far  to  the 
rear  through  the  forest,  cutting  a  limb  off  here,  a  tree  top  there, 
but  never  doing  harm  to  the  Nineteenth 's  men,  although  wound- 
ing or  killing  a  man,  occasionally,  far  in  the  rear. 

At  night  the  men  were  sent  to  the  front  on  picket,  going 
out  after  it  got  dark  enough  to  hide  their  movements  from  the 
enemy  and  being  withdrawn  just  at  daybreak.  There  was  a 
swamp  on  the  left,  covered  with  a  thick  growth  of  bushes,  with 
here  and  there  a  tall  pine.  Through  this  swamp  the  men  were 
stationed  in  couples  and  relieved  each  other  at  regular  intervals. 
Generally  one  would  be  on  duty  and  one  would  sleep  until  mid- 
night, when  they  would  change  places. 

Capt.  Harry  Hale,  during  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  had  a 
colored  servant  who  bore  the  familiar  name  of  George  Washing- 
ton. For  the  captain's  dinner,  one  day,  this  darkey  brought 
out  a  can  of  salmon  and,  thinking  to  warm  it,  put  it  over  the  fire. 
The  fire  did  not  burn  up  as  quickly  as  he  wished,  so  he  got  down 
on  his  knees  and  started  to  blow  it.  There  was  an  explosion, 
and  in  an  instant  the  darkey  appeared  before  his  astonished 
captain,  his  face  and  head  covered  with  a  pinkish  substance 
which  had  gone  into  his  ears,  eyes  and  mouth  and  was  stringing 
off  from  his  kinky  wool.  Captain  Hale  thought  at  first  that  the 
poor  darkey's  head  had  been  hurt  by  a  shell  and  that  it  was 
brains  that  he  saw  all  over  it,  but  he  soon  learned  that  the  can  of 
salmon  had  exploded  and  scattered  its  contents  over  the 
frightened  servant. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  EVACUATION  OP  YORKTOWN. 

mcclellan's  PURSUIT. 

Lieut.  Jeff  Hazard,  of  the  Rhode  Island  battery,  assigned 
to  the  Third  Brigade,  was  a  skilled  workman  with  his  pieces. 
The  enemy's  batteries,  about  a  mile  away,  were  distinctly  visi- 
ble from  his  position.  As  an  officer  was  watching  him  sight  the 
pieces  one  afternoon,  Lieutenant  Hazard  turned  to  him  and  said : 
' '  Want  to  see  me  put  a  shot  into  that  roof  over  there  ? ' '  selecting 
one  for  his  purpose.  "You  watch,"  he  added,  and,  sighting 
the  piece,  ordered  the  men  to  fire.  In  a  second  or  two  his  shell 
had  struck  the  roof  of  the  rebel  barracks  and  the  shingles  and 
lumber  were  seen  to  spatter  in  all  directions.  In  another  in- 
stant the  men  manning  the  little  battery  were  hastily  getting  out 
of  the  way  of  the  enemy 's  leaden  answer. 

The  manner  in  which  the  rebels  erected  a  sand  bag  battery 
was  watched  with  interest.  They  would  run  out  of  their  en- 
trenchments with  an  empty  bag.  One  would  hold  the  bag  and 
two  others  would  dump  sand  into  it  with  a  shovel,  working  as 
fast  as  they  could  until  they  saw  the  flash  of  Hazard's  guns. 
Then  they  would  scoot  back  under  cover  again.  Shot  after 
shot  would  strike  the  ground  near  where  they  had  been  at  work. 
As  soon  as  the  shell  struck,  they  would  dash  out  again,  grab 
a  bag,  if  filled,  and  drag  it  under  cover,  keeping  up  their  labors 
in  this  way  between  the  flashes  of  the  Union  guns. 

It  was  always  interesting  to  notice  the  men  of  the  army 
whenever  a  Rebel  shell  came  their  way  It  was  impossible  to 
resist  the  inclination  to  "dodge"  it,  and  the  men  could  do 
this  with  better  precision  than  drill,  —  all  dodging  together. 
They  did  not  think  at  such  times  that  the  sound  followed  the 
missile,  and  if  they  were  to  be  hit  at  all,  it  would  be  before  they 
could  have  the  opportunity  of  hearing  it. 

(63) 


64       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

During  the  stay  of  the  regiment  in  front  of  Yorktown, 
Adjt.  John  C.  Chadwick  returned  to  it,  having  been  relieved 
of  his  duties  as  Acting  Assistant  Adjutant  General  of  Dana's 
Brigade,  and  First  Lieut.  Moncena  Dunn,  of  Company  D,  re- 
turned from  recruiting  duty  in  Massachusetts,  together  with 
First  Lieut.  James  H.  Rice,  of  Company  F 

In  Company  C,  Capt.  J.  Scott  Todd  resigned,  and  First 
Lieut.  George  W  Bachelder  was  made  Captain,  Second  Lieut. 
J.  G.  C.  Dodge,  of  Company  F  being  made  First  Lieutenant 
and  transferred  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Capt.  James  D.  Russell, 
of  Company  D,  was  detailed  for  special  duty  on  the  fortifications 
and  First  Lieut.  Edward  P  Bishop,  of  Company  K,  was  detailed 
as  Aide-de-Camp  on  the  staff  of  Brig.  Gen.  Dana.  Sergt.  Wil- 
liam H.  Hill,  of  Company  F,  was  promoted  to  be  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, vice  Dodge,  promoted  and  transferred. 

April  23rd,  1862. 

*  "Tomorrow  we  go  out  again  on  our  regular  'siege/ —  that  is,  to  lay 
in  the  woods,  behind  our  artillery  and  listen  to  their  noise  all  day  and  at 
intervals  during  the  night.  It  is  a  one-sided  affair,  this  siege,  so  far,  for 
our  guns  keep  up  such  a  steady  fire  that  the  poor  rebels  don 't  have  time 
to  get  a  shot  in  anyway.  Of  course,  this  is  all  very  good  for  our  artil- 
lery, and  I  hope  the  rebels  like  it  as  well  as  we  do. 

Tonight,  word  comes  that  the  rebels  are  evacuating  their  works.  If 
this  is  so,  they  have  only  done  it  to  draw  us  into  a  trap,  or  to  get  where 
they  can  have  better  chance  at  us. " 

After  three  weeks'  laborious  preparation,  General  McClellan* 
having  advanced  his  parallels,  got  one  of  his  large  siege  batteries 
in  position  and  opened  fire  at  a  distance  of  two  miles  upon  the 
enemy's  works  (Apr.  30.)  The  first  shot  was  fired  from  Bat- 
tery No.  1  at  the  mouth  of  Wormsley's  Creek  and  was  aimed 
at  the  enemy's  shipping  in  the  York  River  beyond  Yorktown 
and  Gloucester.  They  replied  with  their  large  pivot  gun,  a 
rifled  68  pounder,  mounted  on  the  height  of  Yorktown.  The 
cannonade  was  kept  up  on  both  sides  for  about  two  hours,  in 
the  course  of  which  about  sixty  shots  were  fired  from  the  one 
and  two  hundred  pounder  Parrott  guns  of  the  heavy  siege 
battery. 

*  Taken  from  a  soldier's  letter  to  his  family  at  home. 


THE  EVACUATION  OF  YORKTOWN.  65 

During  the  night,  the  enemy  kept  up  a  brisk  fire  of  shells 
upon  the  parallels  where  the  men  were  at  work.  On  the  next 
morning  the  enemy  opened  fire  with  their  Columbiade,  mounted 
on  the  heights  of  Yorktown,  but  at  its  23d  discharge,  it  burst 
into  a  thousand  pieces.  This  seemed  to  be  the  only  gun  capa- 
ble of  competing  with  McClellan  's  heavy  siege  guns,  and,  after 
it  burst,  the  enemy  ceased  to  fire,  although  the  Union  cannon- 
ade was  continued  with  increased  vigor. 

It  was  now  Saturday,  May  3,  and  before  night,  the  heavy 
siege  batteries  being  all  in  position  and  everything  in  readiness, 
McClellan  resolved,  after  dedicating  the  coming  Sunday  to 
sacred  rest,  to  begin  on  Monday  the  bombardment  of  the 
enemy's  works. 

At  the  dawn  of  the  4th  of  May  (Sunday),  the  Nineteenth 
Regiment  marched  into  the  redoubt  it  had  built,  for  picket 
duty,  expecting  that  all  of  the  guns  of  the  Union  army  would 
soon  open  on  the  enemy,  but  there  were  no  signs  of  life  in  the 
enemy's  works  which  extended  for  several  miles.  A  Sabbath- 
like stillness  prevailed  inside  their  lines.  At  one  or  two  points 
something  could  be  seen  which  looked  like  cannon;  a  few  shells 
sent  over  provoked  no  reply  and  as  the  sun  arose  and  still  there 
was  no  evidence  of  life,  it  was  thought  that  the  enemy  were 
either  gone  or  were  trying  to  entice  the  men  over.  The  regi- 
ment advanced,  with  skirmishers  out,  into  the  open  ground  and 
halted.  A  ditch,  which  had  been  widened,  ran  in  front  of  and 
near  the  rebel  fort,  crossed  by  a  bridge  to  the  right  and  another 
to  the  left,  which  were  the  only  means  by  which  the  fort  could 
be  approached. 

Lieutenant  Hume,  of  Company  K,  exclaimed,  "I'll  bet  the 
works  have  been  evacuated,"  and  asked  and  received  permis- 
sion to  cross  and  enter  them  to  ascertain  whether  anyone  was 
"at  home."  When  he  had  almost  reached  them,  an  officer 
of  the  Brigade  staff  started  off  by  the  shorter  road  to  the  left, 
entering  the  works  there  at  the  same  time  that  Lieutenant 
Hume  did  on  the  right.  The  latter,  finding  that  no  one  was  in 
the  works,  stood  on  the  parapets  that  for  a  month  had  awed 
McClellan 's  Army  and  motioned  for  the  Brigade  to  ''  Come  on. ' ' 
The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  moved  forward  at  double-quick 


66  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

over  the  route  taken  by  Lieutenant  Hume,  while  the  other 
regiments  entered  the  fort  by  the  left,  each  raising  its  flag.  The 
fort  and  the  works  around  it  were  supposed  to  be  very  strong, 
with  bomb-prOof  traverses  and  subterranean  passages  in  which 
the  men  could  be  moved  from  one  position  to  another  without 
being  seen  from  the  Union  side,  and  with  but  little  danger  from 
their  fire.  The  ordnance  which  were  believed  to  be  cannon 
were  ' '  Quaker  Guns ' '  made  of  logs,  with  the  ends  painted  black. 
Men  of  straw  were  found  behind  many  of  them,  stationed  as 
gunners.  Everything  bore  evidence  of  hasty  departure.  Pass- 
ing to  the  rear  of  the  works,  the  regiment  halted  until  the  rest 
of  the  Brigade  came  up,  when  it  moved  forward  in  line  of  battle, 
each  regiment  marching  by  division  front,  ready  to  deploy  at 
the  first  intimation  of  danger.  Skirmishers  were  well  advanced 
with  a  strong  reserve.  About  a  mile  from  the  fort  the  skir- 
mishers found  and  exchanged  shots  with  those  of  the  enemy 
in  the  edge  of  the  wood.  The  line  had  been  advancing  mostly 
over  open  ground  and  as  they  neared  the  woods,  the  enemy's 
rear  guard  fired  upon  them  and  hurriedly  fled.  The  brigade 
immediately  deployed  into  line  and  on  reaching  the  woods, 
halted.  The  rebel  rear  guard,  judging  from  appearances,  had 
halted  here  to  cook  their  dinner,  seemingly  unaware  that  they 
were  so  soon  to  be  disturbed,  for  they  had  been  forced  to  leave 
their  dinner  just  as  it  was.  The  men  found  Dutch  ovens  in 
which  meat  was  roasting  or  biscuit  baking,  most  of  it  being 
ready  to  eat.  Frying  pans,  with  bacon  frying  in  them,  were 
on  the  fire.  This  was  a  different  bill  of  fare  from  what  the 
regiment  had  been  living  on  and  it  was  soon  made  good  use  of. 
The  men  finished  " Johnnies'' '  dinner  and  enjoyed  it  very 
much.  There  seemed  to  be  an  abundance  of  food,  and  the 
enemy  certainly  had  not  been  on  short  rations. 

In  the  advance  to  the  woods  the  regiment  passed  the  former 
residence  of  the  rebel  general  Hill.  The  Union  signal  corps 
used  it  for  a  station  during  the  day  and  were  establishing  them- 
selves there  as  the  regiment  passed.  On  one  of  the  tents  in 
the  deserted  camp  in  the  woods  was  written  the  legend,  ' '  He 
that  fights  and  runs  away,  will  live  to  fight  another  day.  May 
3rd." 


THE  EVACUATION  OF  YORKTOWN.  67 

After  about  an  hour  s  halt  in  the  woods,  the  regiment 
marched  back  to  its  camp,  where  the  men  bivouacked  for  the 
night.  General  McClellan  at  once  dispatched  all  his  cavalry 
and  horse  artillery  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  supporting  them 
by  a  considerable  body  of  infantry,  and  he  ordered  the  fleet  of 
gun  boats  up  the  York  River. 

"I  shall  push  the  enemy  to  the  wall,"  he  declared  in  his 
official  despatch,  and  acting  in  accordance  with  these  energetic 
words,  he  rapidly  embarked  Franklin's  Division  of  the  Corps 
and  other  troops  on  transport  and  sent  them  up  the  York 
River  to  West  Point,  with  a  view  of  flanking  the  enemy  on 
their  retreat .  toward  Richmond,  and  thus  co-operating  with 
the  immediately  pursuing  force,  already  sent  by  land. 

The  defences  the  enemy  had  evacuated  were  reported  by 
the  engineers  as  "being  very  strong"  and  the  confusion  that 
prevailed  appeared  to  indicate  a  hasty  retreat  on  the  part  of 
some  of  the  troops,  although  the  main  body  had  begun  to  retire 
several  days  before  the  rear  guard.  The  fugitives  left  behind 
them  fifty-two  pieces  of  artillery,  after  spiking  them,  and  a 
considerable  amount  of  ammunition,  camp  equipage  and 
stores  of  all  kinds. 

They  also  left  behind  torpedoes  which  had  been,  with  a 
savage  perversion  of  the  rules  of  warfare,  ingeniously  constructed 
and  so  hidden  on  the  roads,  in  the  fortifications,  in  the  houses, 
tents  and  streets,  among  the  tempting  baggage  abandoned, 
as  to  explode  on  the  touch  of  the  unwary  A  telegraph  operator 
stepped  on  one  and  was  instantly  killed;  a  man  took  a  pitcher 
from  a  table  in  a  house  and  a  torpedo  wrecked  it  and  injured 
him;  several  others  met  death  through  that  means.  Within  a 
compass  of  ten  square  rods,  30  of  these  torpedoes  were  found. 
They  were  11-inch  round  shells,  filled  with  powder  of  different 
grades,  mixed.  Kach  had  a  quill  fuse  and  above  it  a  plunger, 
with  a  knob  so  constructed  that  a  person  walking  along  and 
stepping  upon  it  brought  the  plunger  down  with  sufficient  force 
upon  a  cap  beneath  to  cause  it  to  explode  The  Confederate 
prisoners  were  set  to  work  unearthing  these  diabolical  machines 
and  further  injury  was  prevented. 

On  MondaV  at  9.00  A.M.  the  regiment  began  the  march  to 


68  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Yorktown.  Rain  fell  throughout  the  day.  The  mud  was 
ankle  deep  and  the  soil  was  so  full  of  clay  and  so  sticky  that  it 
was  extremely  hard  for  the  men  to  move  along,  their  feet  stick- 
ing in  the'  mud  at  every  step.  Shoes  were  pulled  off  by  it,  and 
the  men  were  greatly  exhausted.  Despite  their  misery,  some 
one  in  the  regiment  struck  up  an  army  song.  It  was  taken  up 
along  the  line  and  in  a  few  minutes  it  seemed  as  if  the  whole 
army  was  singing. 

At  noon  the  regiment  arrived  before  Norfolk,  and  the 
shelter  tents  were  pitched.  In  the  distance  stretched  the  long 
fortifications  of  Yorktown.  Immediately  in  front  was  the 
breastwork  which  Washington  built  to  protect  his  troops;  and 
fifty  yards  further  away  was  the  spot  where  he  had  received 
Cornwallis'  sword,  81  years  previously,  the  monument  being 
broken  in  places  where  the  rebels  had  knocked  off  pieces  for 
souvenirs. 

Near  the  spot  where  the  regiment  halted  at  noon  was  seen 
the  monster  balloon  "McClellan"  which  had  been  used. to  re- 
connoitre the  enemy's  works.  This  balloon  had  frequently 
been  noticed  and  watched  by  the  men  as  they  were  encamped 
before  Yorktown.  It  had  been  plainly  seen  whenever  it  was 
up  and  one  day  it  was  noticed  to  suddenly  move  away  toward 
Yorktown.  Soon  the  enemy  began  to  fire  upon  it.  Then  it 
seemed  to  go  higher,  floated  back  over  the  Union  lines,  and  then 
suddenly  collapsed  and  descended  very  rapidly,  with  the  top 
partly  inflated,  thus  keeping  it  right  side  up,  and  swaying, 
twisting  and  turning  like  a  big  corn  sack  with  a  stone  tied  to 
one  end.  General  Porter,  who  had  been  up  in  it  to  take  a 
bird's  eye  view  of  the  enemy's  position,  got  a  much  nearer  one 
than  he  had  anticipated,  for  the  rope  which  held  it  to  the  ground 
had  parted.  He  fortunately  alighted  within  the  Union  lines 
without  injury. 

■'•■  Every  road  leading  to  Yorktown  was  crowded  with  cavalry, 
artillery  and  baggage  wagons.  The  firing  of  the  gunboats,  as 
they  poured  shot  and  shell  into  the  flank  of  the  retreating  foe, 
and  the  sounds  of  distant  musketry,  made  the  whole  scenery 
and  suggestion  martial  in  the  extreme. 

At  6  P.M.,  in  the  midst  of  a  smart  shower,  the  regiment 


THE  EVACUATION  OF  YORKTOWN.  69 

took  up  its  tents  and  began  to  march  again.  The  roads  were 
quagmires  and  constantly  grew  worse.  The  march  was  fre- 
quently interrupted  to  allow  columns  to  pass  toward  Williams- 
burg, in  direct  pursuit  of  the  enemy  No  sooner  was  the  com- 
mand "Forward"  given  than  "Halt"  would  follow  and' the 
men  would  drop  their  pieces  to  the  ground  in  disgust.  It  was 
impossible  to  sit  down  because  of  the  mud  and  water,  it  was 
irksome  to  stand,  and  as  the  men  scuffed  along  in  the  brief 
periods  of  marching,  they  slid  first  to  one  side,  then  to  the  other 
in  the  mud.  Wagons  broke  down,  horses  stuck  in  the  mud,  and, 
taken  altogether  the  delay  was  such  that  in  eight  hours  during 
the  night,  the  regiment  marched  only  one  and  three-quarter 
miles.  So  weary  were  the  men  from  the  exposure  and  the 
terrible  march  that  some  lay  down  in  the  mud  at  every  halt, 
many  of  which  were  occasioned  by  the  search  for  hidden  tor- 
pedoes. At  2  A.  M.  the  line  finally  halted  on  the  sandy 
beach  at  Yorktown  and  the  men  were  almost  immediately 
asleep.  A  number  of  barrels  were  found  on  the  beach,  and 
these  were  made  use  of  as  much  as  possible.  When  the  men 
awoke  in  the  morning,  however,  it  was  discovered  that  some 
of  these  barrels  contained  gunpowder  and  they  were  immediately 
rolled  into  the  water,  that  being  considered  the  best  place  for 
them. 

The  fortifications  of  Yorktown  were  found  to  be  on  a  grand 
scale.  The  parapets  were  20  and  30  feet  high,  and  ditches, 
20  feet  across,  extended  for  miles.  The  water  battery  mounted 
a  long  row  of  pieces  and  commanded  the  York  River  at  this 
point,  co-operating  with  the  batteries  at  Gloucester  Point  oppo- 
site. 

While  the  regiment  was  encamped  on  the  beach  at  York- 
town,  many  of  the  men  took  occasion  to  go  into  the  town.  All 
that  was  left  there  was  a  church  and  a  half  dozen  tumbled 
down  wooden  houses,  leaning  in  all  directions  and  looking  as 
if  a  first  class  hurricane  had  passed  that  way. 

At  3  P.M.  the  regiment  embarked  on  the  transport  "V 
Vanderbilt  "  and  started  up  the  York  River,  preceded  by  the 
gunboat   "Marblehead.  "      Thev  arrived  at  West  Point  at  6 
P.M.,  but  did  not  debark  until  the  following  morning,  when 


70  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   EEGIMENT. 

they  were  poled  ashore  in  pontoon  boats  and  formed  in  column 
by  division  closed  in  mass,  Colonel  Hinks  commanding  the 
Brigade.  A  line  of  battle  had  already  been  formed  and  was 
just  entering  the  woods  a  mile  away.  The  popping  muskets 
as  the  rebel  pickets  were  driven  in,  was  heard  and  then  the 
sound  of  the  volley  firing,  telling  that  the  lines  had  met.  The 
regiment  was  placed  in  support  of  Captain  Porter's  Massachu- 
setts Battery  for  a  time. 

General  Franklin  was  in  command  of  the  troops  here  and 
the  signal  corps  had  established  a  ' '  verbal  telegraph  line ' '  from 
the  front  to  his  quarters.  Men  were  placed  within  speaking 
distance  of  each  other  and  messages  were  constantly  trans- 
mitted by  them,  one  to  the  other,  such  as  ' '  The  enemy  is  show- 
ing in  force  on  the  right, "  "  Heavy  firing  on  the  left, "  "  Enemy 
advancing  in  force  on  the  centre,  reinforcements  needed," 
"Centre  hard  pressed,"  etc. 

One  peculiar  message  thus  transmitted  was  "Send  a  man 
to  take  Daniel  Webster's  place."  This  was  another  Daniel 
Webster,  however,  not  the  ' '  Expounder  of  the  Constitution. ' ' 

Toward  night  the  regiment  formed  in  line  of  battle  and 
advanced  a  short  distance  into  the  woods  at  the  left  of  the  line, 
Company  C  being  thrown  forward  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
as  skirmishers,  and  posted  along  a  ridge  in  the  woods  as  pickets. 
On  the  following  morning  the  line  was  withdrawn  and  the  regi- 
ment returned  to  the  brigade. 


CHAPTER  X. 

THE    MARCH    TO    THE    CHICKAHOMINY. 

On  May  8,  the  second  day  after  reaching  West  Point,  the 
troops  began  the  long,  dreary  march  up  the  Peninsula,  through 
rain  and  mud  to  the  Chickahominy  River.  They  first  marched 
to  Eltham,  four  miles  distant,  and  remained  there  several  days, 
while  the  engineer  corps  were  building  miles  of  corduroy  roads 
and  bridges.  Here  the  men  began  to  break  down  very  fast  and 
there  was  much  sickness. 

While  at  Eltham  many  of  the  men  were  greatly  interested 
in  watching  the  landing  of  cattle.  The  beeves  would  be  hoisted 
over  the  side  of  a  flat  boat,  which  had  been  towed  up,  and  let 
into  the  river  to  swim  ashore.  The  water  was  not  deep  at  this 
point,  and  the  soft  muddy  flats  extended  for  some  distance. 
Some  of  the  animals  would  land  in  a  soft  place  and,  in  their 
attempt  to  get  ashore,  would  get  mired  up  to  their  bellies  and 
stay  exhausted  in  the  mud.  The  cattle  guard  would  then  get 
out  to  t  hem  by  means  of  boards,  shoot  them,  and  put  a  rope  about 
their  horns.  Horses  and  men  would  draw  the  dead  weight  out. 
This  beef  would  immediately  be  dressed  for  issue,  and  the 
live  beeves  would  be  corralled  and  driven  forward  to  follow  the 
army  with  other  commissary  stores,  and  slaughtered  as  needed. 

From  Eltham,  General  Sumner's  Corps  marched  slowly 
by  short  stages  in  consequence  of  the  intolerable  condition  of 
the  roads,  to  the  Chickahominy,  halting  successively  at  Cum- 
berland, Cedar  Hill  and  Tumstalls  Station.  Cedar  Hill  was 
left  at  S.  A.M.  and  the  men  were  for  eight  hours  on  the  road 
under  an  intensely  hot  sun,  stopping  only  when  the  artillery 
and  baggage  wagons  ahead  became  blocked,  but  resting  no- 
where long  enough  for  dinner.  The  march  was  for  twelve 
miles.  Several  plantations  were  passed  on  the  line  of  march. 
On  the  gates  leading  to  the  magnificent  residences  where  white 

(71) 


72  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

flags  and  the  strict  orders  against  leaving  the  ranks  prevented 
all  depredation  or  purchase. 

The  rations  which  were  served  during  the  hot  weather  on 
this  march  consisted  of  clear  fat  bacon.  The  river  bank  at 
Bottom 's  Bridge,  within  fifteen  miles  of  Richmond,  was  finally- 
reached  on  May  21. 

Here  camp  was  pitched  on  the  borders  of  a  swamp  which 
was  almost  impenetrable.  Many  moccasins  and  copper  head 
snakes  were  seen,  and  the  magnolia  trees  in  full  bloom  filled 
the  air  with  their  fragrance.  Troops  were  thrown  across  at 
Bottom's  Bridge,  but  the  bulk  of  the  army  lay  on  the  East 
bank  of  the  river  until  other  bridges  could  be  built,  among  them 
being  Sumner 's  ' '  Grape- Vine ' '  bridge  across  the  great  Chicka- 
hominy  swamp,  destined  to  play  a  most  eventful  part  in  subse- 
quent events  rapidly  maturing. 

The  whole  Peninsula,  that  portion  of  Virginia  between  the 
York  and  the  James  River,  was  low  and  swampy  and  it  was 
common  talk  at  the  time  that  one  could  not  pat  the  earth  three 
times  with  his  foot  anywhere  without  bringing  water.  Great 
mortality  occurred  among  the  troops,  chiefly  from  malarial 
fever,  and  often,  when  a  poor  fellow  was  about  to  be  laid  away 
in  the  earth,  his  grave  would  be  full  of  water  before  it  had  been 
dug  two  feet  deep.  Quinine  and  whiskey  were  issued  daily, 
companies  being  formed  in  line  for  the  purpose,  and  the  ration 
was  drunk  under  the  supervision  of  the  surgeon. 

The  siege  of  Yorktown  had  been  raised;  the  battle  of  Wil- 
liamsburg had  been  fought;  the  affair  at  West  Point  was  over. 
Slowly  the  rebels  were  being  pressed  back  toward  Richmond, 
while  the  army  of  the  Potomac  cautiously  followed,  sweeping 
gradually  up  the  Peninsula,  its  flanks  protected  by  the  gun- 
boats in  the  York  River  on  the  right  and  the  James  on  the  left. 
Large  quantities  of  infantry  and  artillery  ammunition,  rations 
for  the  troops,  forage  for  the  animals,  medical  supplies  for  the 
sick  and  wounded,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  siege  and  pon- 
toon trains  had  to  be  moved  and  guarded  by  the  army  and 
and  kept  protected  and  in  close  proximity  all  the  time. 

The  investment  of  Richmond  was  in  gradual  progress  and 
the  army  was  buoyant  in  spirits,  looking  forward  to  the  cap- 


THE  MABCH  TO  THE  CHICKAHOMINY.  73 

ture  of  the  rebel  capitol  and  the  close  of  the  war.  Under  no 
other  circumstances  could  the  army  have  endured  the  tedious, 
fatiguing  and  deadly  malaria  of  this  section  of  the  country. 

It  was  hot  and  muggy  most  of  the  time.  It  rained  fre- 
quently and  the  men  made  the  acquaintance  of  the  "wood- 
tick,  ' '  and  enumerable  bugs  and  specimens  of  insect  life  hitherto 
unknown  to  them.  The  very  earth  moved  with  "new  life." 
Sticks  and  twigs  were  endowed  with  motion.  The  men  would 
watch  a  black  twig  two  or  three  inches  long,  apparently  dead 
wood  among  the  leaves,  when  it  would  scamper  off  and  the 
acquaintance  of  a  new  insect  called  the  "walking  stick"  was 
made,  although  it  was  a  very  old  inhabitant  of  this  section. 
They  had  the  ' '  Gold  Bug,' '  not  the  political  specimen  of  later 
days  but  a  handsome  round  yellow  ' '  feller. ' '  Lieut.  James  G. 
C.  Dodge,  of  Company  F,  made  quite  a  collection  of  these 
bugs. 

It  was  a  common  thing  to  see  two  or  three  men,  huddled 
together,  poking  at  something  on  the  ground.  Others  would 
join  them  on  the  run.  .Soon  a  crowd  would  collect,  running 
and  yelling  "What's  Up?"  Some  one  of  the  crouchers  would 
answer,  "Oh,  got  a  new  bug,"  and  the  crowd  would  laugh  and 
disperse.  Like  everything  else,  this  was  soon  an  old  story  and 
"buggy"  was  immediately  dispatched,  given  to  the  lieutenant 
for  his  collection,  or  allowed  to  fly  or  run. away.  One  specimen, 
however,  stuck  and  abided  long.     It  was  the  common  louse. 

On  May  24,  a  dress  parade  was  held  at  Lewis  Farm,  the 
first  one  since  the  regiment  was  before  Yorktown. 

On  May  25,  Q.  M.  S.  Nathaniel  Prentiss,  of  Cambridge, 
worn  out  from  the  fatigues  on  the  Peninsula,  was  found  dead 
in  his  tent.  He  had  been  mustered  in  as  a  sergeant  in  Company 
F  at  Lynnfield  and  was  very  popular.  The  funeral  took  place 
on  May  27,  and,  as  the  Chaplain  was  absent  on  orders,  Sergt. 
Maj.  Edward  M.  Xewcomb  acted  as  Chaplain  pro  tempore,  in 
order  that  the  remains  might  have  Christian  burial.  This  was 
nne  of  a  number  of  instances  where  Sergt.  Maj.  Newcomb  offici- 
ated in  a  similar  capacity 

On  Saturday,  May  30,  there  was  a  sudden  and  severe  storm 
whiclf  flooded  the  camps  and  the  Chickahominy  Creek  became 


74  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

a  raging  river,  filling  the  entire  swamp.  General  Johnston,  com- 
manding the  Confederate  forces,  saw  his  opportunity,  and,  like 
the  skillful  general  that  he  was,  seized  it  and  on  May  31  sud- 
denly attacked  the  small  portion  of  the  Union  army  that  had 
crossed  on  the  Richmond  side  of  the  river,  at  Fair  Oaks.  The 
Nineteenth  regiment,  which  had  been  on  picket  duty  for  two 
days  along  the  banks  of  the  river,  was  called  in  and  ordered 
forward  to  its  place  in  Sedgwick 's  Division.  The  sudden  storm 
had  made  a  perfect  quagmire  of  the  bottoms,  and  in  trying  to 
get  reinforcements  from  the  East  side,  great  delays  and  diffi- 
culties were  met  as  a  consequence.  General  Sumner  led  his 
Corps  across,  following  the  sound  of  cannon,  using  "Grape 
Vine  Bridge"  for  the  purpose.  It  was  soon  found  that  the 
bridge  was  floating  away  and  could  only  be  held  down  by  the 
weight  of  the  artillery  and  the  men  who  were  crossing.  As  the 
regiment  marched  along,  the  logs  rolled  up  in  front  of  the  men, 
much  the  same  as  thin,  tough  ice,  does  and  reminded  them 
of  what  they  used  to  call  "  Bendibows. ' ' 

Qn  reaching  the  field,  the  regiment  was  moved  from  right 
to  left  under  fire,  but  was  not  actively  engaged,  General  Sumner 
having  arrived  just  in  time  to  turn  defeat  into  success. 

The  command  moved  forward  on  gradually  rising  ground 
until  it  reached  a  beautiful  wood,  filled  with  birds  singing  joy- 
fully, while  not  more  than  two  miles  away  the  music  of  the 
minie  balls  and  the  screeching  shell,  bringing  pain  and  death, 
were  heard  instead.  Here  the  regiment  halted  near  a  mansion, 
where  they  found  three  springs  of  cool,  sweet  water  bubbling  out 
of  the  clear,  white  sand.  It  was  the  first  spring  the  men  had 
seen  since  leaving  Hampton,  and  it  can  readily  be  imagined 
with  what  pleasure  they  filled  their  canteens  out  of  the  spark- 
ling pool. 

Here  the  men  lay  in  the  cool  shade,  listening  to  the  thunders 
of  artillery  and  the  rattle  of  musketry,  expecting  every  minute 
to  be  ordered  into  action.  There  was  no  sport  or  loud  talk 
indulged  in,  conversation  being  carried  on  in  low  tones.  The 
very  air  seemed  oppressive.  Everyone  seemed  to  realize  the 
terrible  work  that  was  being  done  beyond  the  woods.  At  about 
noon  an  aide  of  the  brigade  commander  galloped  into  the  woods 


THE    MARCH   TO    THE    CHICKAHOMINY.  75 

and  rode  up  to  the  colonel.  Immediately  the  order  was  given 
to  fall  in  and  the  regiment  went  on  the  double-quick  over  gravelly 
roads,  through  plowed  fields,  through  mud,  stream  and  swamp 
until  they  halted  within  sight  of  the  smoke  of  battle.  There 
they  met  dozens  of  stragglers  and  wounded.  Some  brought 
tales  of  disaster  and  woe,  but  others,  later,  told  of  victory 
achieved,  and  then,  under  the  hot  sun,  the  regiment  was  ordered 
back  by  General  Sedgwick  and  returned  at  a  rapid  pace  to  the 
' '  Grape  Vine  Bridge, ' '  where  it  was  placed  on  guard. 

At  6  P.M.  it  was  again  ordered  to  the  front  and  drawn  up 
in  line  of  battle  a  short  distance  beyond  where  it  had  been 
halted  before,  and  a  few  hundred  feet  from  the  battlefield  of 
the  two  days  past.  Here  Andrew  M.  Murphy,  of  Company  K, 
was  wounded  by  a  spent  ball. 

What  a  sight  met  their  eyes  as  the  men  took  their  position — 
knapsacks,  haversacks,  overcoats,  blankets  and  surplus  clothing 
of  every  kind  strewed  the  ground  in  all  directions.  The  road 
was  a  veritable  paradise  for  a  junk  dealer.  Company  F,  Cap- 
tain Rice,  was  deployed  as  skirmishers  from  the  railroad  station 
at  Fair  Oaks  to  the  Seven  Pines,  in  front  of  the  regiment  and 
in  touch  with  the  rebel  right.  Darkness  settled  down  and  the 
men  lay  on  their  arms  all  night,  sleeping  soundly  after  their 
day  of  uncertainty  and  anxiety,  except  on  one  occasion,  when 
they  were  awakened  by  a  picket  firing  and  turned  out.  The 
next  day  a  detail  was  sent  out  to  bury  the  dead.  Most  of  the 
wounded  had  been  removed  and  the  Union  dead  buried,  but  the 
ground  was  covered  in  every  direction  with  the  swollen  corpses 
of  the  enemy.  Their  faces  were  turned  black  under  the  hot 
sun  and  swelled  almost  to  bursting.  It  was  horrible  to  look 
upon,  and  the  stench  was  almost  unbearable.  They  lay  in 
oa  ory  conceivable  condition  just  as  they  had  fallen.  Whole  com- 
panies had  seemingly  been  shot  down  in  their  tracks,  so  closely 
did  they  lie.  Long  trenches  had  been  dug,  and  into  these  the 
decomposing  bodies  were  dropped. 

The  members  of  the  regimental  band  had  been  used  as  an 
ambulance  corps  for  two  days  and  performed  the  work  so  well 
that  they  were  personally  thanked  and  complimented  by  Chief 


76  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Surgeon  Doherty  of  Sedgwick's  Division,  and,  later,  on  the 
field,  were  thanked  by  General  McClellan. 

At  noon  the  regiment  was  moved  to  the  front,  immediately 
behind  the  pickets,  on  the  site  of  the  camp  from  which  the 
rebels  had  been  driven  on  Sunday.  Before  night  it  began  to 
rain  and  there  the  regiment  lay  in  line  of  battle  all  night,  the 
water  covering  most  of  the  ground,  with  muskets  loaded  and 
capped,  ready  for  the  enemy  should  they  come  out  of  the  woods. 
There  were  numerous  shots  fired  by  the  pickets  during  the 
night  and  this  kept  everyone  under  an  intense  nervous  strain. 
At  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  regiment  was  called  to 
attention  and  remained  standing  until  daylight,  when  arms 
were  stacked  and  they  were  allowed  to  move  around  a  little  and 
prepare  breakfast  of  coffee,  hardtack  and  raw  pork.  In  front 
was  an  open  space,  in  the  further  edge  of  which,  about  2000  feet 
away,  was  the  picket  line.  In  front  of  the  pickets  were  dense 
woods  filled  with  an  undergrowth  which  made  it  impossible  to 
see  50  feet  in  advance.  At  the  left  was  the  York  railroad  which 
ran  through  the  forest.  Up  this  road  the  men  could  see  a 
mile  or  more.  About  half  a  mile  away,  a  breastwork  of  logs 
and  bushes  was  built  across  it,  and  behind  this  were  the  rebel 
pickets. 

While  stationed  at  this  point,  the  rebel  pickets  and  skir- 
mishers would  advance  every  few  hours  and  the  whole  Union 
line  would  fall  in,  expecting  to  see  a  line  of  battle  come  out  of 
the  woods.  Here  the  shelter  tents  were  brought  up  and  the 
men  made  themselves  as  comfortable  as  possible.  All  about 
the  position  were  the  shallow  graves  of  those  who  had  been 
killed  in  battle.  The  air  was  heavy  with  noisome  odors  from 
the  hundreds  of  decomposing  bodies  half-buried  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity,  and  it  was  little  wonder  that  sickness  and  deaths 
increased  to  an  alarming  extent. 

As  a  result  of  the  night  surprise  of  Casey's  men  by  the 
enemy,  none  of  the  men  were  allowed  to  take  off  their  equip- 
ments even  while  they  slept.  Their  muskets  were  always  by 
their  side  while  sleeping  and  stacked  in  front  of  the  tent  during 
the  day.     At  three  o'clock  every  morning  the  regiment  was 


THE    MARCH    TO    THE    CHICKAHOMINY.  77 

routed  out  and  formed  in  line,  remaining  there  until  daylight 
so  as  to  be  ready  for  the  enemy  should  they  appear  out  of  the 
woods.  This  was  an  additional  hardship.  Aroused  from  a 
sound  sleep,  the  nights  were  damp  and  cold  and  the  inactivity 
made  it  the  more  intense.  At  these  times  each  man  was  served 
with  about  a  half  a  gill  of  whiskey  and  quinine  from  a  bucket, — 
this  being  done  to  keep  off  the  malaria.  Most  of  them  took 
this  ration,  but  a  few  refused  it.  One  man,  instead  of  drinking 
it  at  the  time,  put  it  in  his  canteen  each  day,  and  when  it  was 
nearly  full  someone  stole  it. 

It  rained  constantly.  Orders  were  given  once  a  week  to 
allow  the  men  to  change  their  underclothing,  taking  turns  at  it 
a  few  at  a  time.  Occasionally  permission  would  be  given  to 
unbuckle  the  roundabout  while  they  slept,  but  the  cross  belt 
was  not  allowed  to  be  removed  from  the  shoulder.  This  con- 
stant expectation  of  sudden  attack  proved  a  terrible  strain 
upon  them.  & 

Firing  between  the  pickets  was  very  frequent.  On  one 
occasion,  Major  Howe,  field  officer  of  the  day,  came  galloping 
out  of  the  woods,  the  picket  firing  became  more  rapid,  the  re- 
serves were  hastily  summoned  into  line  behind  the  earthworks, 
the  artillery  stood  to  their  guns  in  the  redoubts  and,  in  silence, 
everyone  awaited  the  attack.  Gradually  the  firing  died  out,  the 
tension  was  relaxed  and  no  attack  was  made.  These  sudden 
alarms  occurred  often  and  were  responsible  for  the  broken  down 
and  shattered  nervous  systems  of  many  of  the  men  who  received 
no  wounds.  Shells  from  the  enemy's  batteries  were  frequently 
sent  over  into  the  Union  lines  and  the  compliment  would  im- 
mediately be  returned. 

The  rations  here  were,  for  a  time,  very  poor, — a  scant  allow- 
ance of  hard  bread,  coffee  twice  a  day  (sometimes  none,  however) 
and  occasionally  fresh  or  salted  beef.  There  seemed  to  be  no 
good  reason  for  this  scarcity  of  food,  for  the  army  was  encamped 
by  the  side  of  the  railroad,  which  it  held,  with  trains  running 
from  West  Point.  One  or  two  cases  of  scurvy  appeared  in  the 
regiment  and  there  were  fears  that  it  would  spread.  About  the 
middle  of  June,  however,  a  change  for  the  better  was  made  and 
food  was  more  abundant  and  better  in  quality      Rations  of 


78  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

bacon  and  ham  ceased  and  beans  and  rice  took  their  place. 
The  change  in  diet  was  at  once  palatable  and  refreshing. 

On  June  13  General  McClellan  passed  down  the  road  in 
front  of  the  regiment  and  Colonel  Hinks  called  for  three  cheers 
for  ' '  The  man  who  is  to  lead  us  into  Richmond, ' '  which  were 
given  with  a  will  and  then  three  more  followed.  The  General 's 
face  was  wreathed  in  smiles  and  he  appeared  satisfied  with  the 
progress  of  the  work. 

Several  times  while  encamped  here  the  Nineteenth  was  de- 
tailed, as  a  regiment,  to  work  on  the  fortifications.  There  was 
no  day  that  passed  without  an  alarm  by  the  rebels  making  a  dash 
on  the  picket  line.  One  day  when  at  work  on  a  large  redoubt 
some  distance  to  the  right  the  rebels  made  a  dash  and  drove  the 
pickets  in.  The  men  worked  with  their  arms  stacked  near, 
with  equipment  on  and,  when  the  firing  began,  stopped  work 
and  watched  the  skirmish  as  it  went  on,  ready  to  fall  in  if  a  line 
of  battle  should  appear.  As  soon  as  the  rebel  skirmishers  were 
well  out  of  the  woods,  the  artillery  opened  on  them  and  drove 
them  back  to  cover.  Private  Wm.  H.  O'Neal,  of  Company  K, 
was  wounded  by  a  ball.  During  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  a 
regiment  was  driven  in  from  the  left  where  it  was  on  picket  in 
the  edge  of  the  woods.  Several  men  came  running  in  pell  mell 
as  soon  as  the  rebel  line  showed  itself.  General  Richardson  met 
them,  and,  after  giving  them  a  good  scolding,  in  the  hearing  of 
the  Nineteenth,  sent  them  back.  They  attended  to  business 
thereafter,  it  being  the  first  time  they  had  been  under  fire. 

While  here  the  men  were  set  to  work  at  felling  the  trees  in 
front.  These  were  cut  partially  through  and  then  felled,  with 
the  branches  toward  the  enemy  This  made  an  immense  abatis, 
a  mile  wide.  As  the  trunks  had  been  but  partially  severed,  the 
foliage  kept  green  and  it  was  impossible  to  see  through  it. 

Richmond  was  but  three  and  one  half  miles  distant  and 
from  the  tree  tops  could  be  easily  seen  through  glasses. 

During  this  period  some  officers  and  men  were  sick  with 
fever  and  the  scurvey,  owing  to  the  lack  of  vegetables.  Only 
the  hospitals  could  get  potatoes  and  there  were  no  onions  at  all- 

While  the  regiment  was  at  this  point,  two  changes  were 
made  in  the  roster  of  Company  B.     Capt.  Elijah  P  Rogers  and 


THE  MARCH  TO  THE  CHICKAHO.MIXY.  79 

First  Lieut.  John  Hodges,  Jr.,  resigned  and  left  the  regiment 
and  the  command  of  the  company  devolved  for  some  time  upon 
Second  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks.  Lieutenant  Hodges  soon  be- 
came the  Major  of  the  Fiftieth  Massachusetts  regiment.  When 
he  left  the  company,  he  was  presented  with  a  purse  of  gold  and 
with  this  he  purchased  a  sword  and  scabbard,  suitably  engraved 
with  the  names  of  the  givers. 

Colonel  Hinks  sent  the  following  explanatory  letter  from 
the  field: 

Fair  Oaks  Battlefield,  Va., 
June    18,    1862. 

To  His  Excellency,  John  A.  Andrews, 
Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief. 

Governor : 

The  colors  of  my  regiment  are  much  worn  and 
especially  the  State  Color  is  so  much  dilapitated  as  to  be 
entirely  unfit  for  service.  I  request  to  be  furnished  with 
a  new  one,  that  the  one  I  have  may  be  returned  to  the 
State.  It  has  never  been  dishonored  and  has  successively 
waved  at  Washington,  Baltimore,  Harper's  Ferry,  Charles- 
town,  Harrison '  Island,  Edward 's  Ferry,  Yorktown,  West 
Point,  and  Fair  Oaks  and  was  the  first  to  flaunt  in  the  faces 
of  the  foes  at  Yorktown  on  the  7th  of  April  on  a  recon- 
noisance  as  well  as  the  first  to  be  flung  from  the  rebel 
works  on  the  4th  of  May,  where  it,  together  with  its  fel- 
low stars  and  stripes,  was  placed  upon  a  redoubt  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  enemy's  works  before  5  o'clock  A.  M. 

E.  W    Hinks,  Colonel  19lh  Mass.  Vols. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

BATTLE    OF    OAK    GKOVE. 

On  Saturday,  June  21,  at  11  P.M.  the  regiment  moved 
forward  and  pitched  tents  in  the  rear  of  the  rifle  pits  which 
stretched  from  the  railroad  at  the  left,  to  Hooker's  redoubt. 
Here  it  remained  during  the  rest  of  the  stay  of  the  army  at 
this  point. 

The  tents  were  pitched  in  such  a  manner,  in  the  rear  of  the 
rifle  pits,  that  when  the  men  fell  in  there  would  be  a  line  of 
battle  already  formed.  The  rifle  pits  were  about  eight  or  ten 
feet  high,  with  a  deep  ditch  back  of  them.  The  breastworks 
consisted  of  logs  and  fence  rails,  with  earth  thrown  up  against 
them,  breast  high,  making  a  redoubt  with  embrasures  for  field 
artillery.  They  were  connected  with  a  "curtain"  or  line  of 
earth  work,  behind  which  the  infantry  were  posted.  The  re- 
doubts were  placed  at  distances  to  give  a,  raking  or  cross  fire 
of  the  ground  in  front. 

On  the  first  night  when  the  pits  were  occupied  by  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  there  were  many  alarms.  On  Monday 
night  a  sharp  fire  was  heard  in  the  woods  in  front.  The  men 
were  at  once  under  arms  and  most  interested  auditors  of  the 
contest.  The  shouts  of  the  enemy  drew  near  and  it  was  thought 
that  they  would  engage  the  men  in  the  rifle  pits,  but  they  con- 
tented themselves  with  merely  holding  the  woods.  In  this 
contest  the  artillery  stationed  near  the  Nineteenth  took  part, 
also  siege  guns,  mortars  and  field  batteries.  The  fight  was  in 
the  immediate  front  and  from  the  right  and  left  the  guns  in  the 
forts  and  redoubts  sent  their  shells  into  the  woods.  While  the 
bombs  from  the  mortars  would  mount  high  into  the  air,  they 
would  seemingly  remain  stationary  for  an  instant  and  then 
descend  with  increasing  rapidity  into  the  works  of  the  enemy. 
At  the  left,  where  General  Hooker  commanded,  the  country 
was  more  open  in  front.  On  Wednesday,  June  25,  several 
regiments  were  seen  to  move  out  from  General  Hooker's  posi- 
(80) 


BATTLE    OF    OAK    GROVE.  81 

tion,  Second  Division,  Third  Corps  and  soon  he  sent  for  one 
regiment  from  Sumner's  Corps  to  assist  in  his  proposed  attack 
on  the  rebel  lines  in  front,  at  Oak  Grove.  The  Nineteenth 
regiment  was  selected  and  received  orders  at  8  A.M.  to  fall  in 
and  file  over  the  parapet  to  form  the  right  of  the  Union  line. 
After  filing  along  through  the  dense  foliage  the  regiment  reached 
the  wood  and  formed  in  line,  having  passed  several  skeletons 
clothed  in  gray,  rebels  who  had  been  shot  in  venturing  too  near 
the  line,  where  their  comrades  had  not  dared  to  come  for  them, 
or  perhaps  did  not  know  whether  they  were  killed,  or  captured, 
or  deserted,  as  many  had  done.  Company  K  was  then  extended 
as  skirmishers  to  the  right,  and  the  regiment  moved  forward 
in  line  with  the  injunction  not  to  fire  as  there  were  some  of  the 
other  Union  regiments  in  front  of  them.  Moving  cautiously 
forward,  the  bullets  began  to  make  unpleasant  music  as  they 
whistled  through  the  blueberry  bushes.  Some  of  the  men 
busied  themselves  in  picking  off  the  ripe  berries  by  the  handful 
and  eating  them  as  they  moved  along,  unmindful  of  the  bullets 
which  spattered  around  them. 

Second  Lieutenant  Charles  B.  Warner,  of  Company  H, 
was  sent  forward  to  reconnoitre.  He  ran  forward  through  the 
hot  fire  and  returned  in  safety,  but,  five  minutes  afterward, 
while  he  was  standing  in  the  centre  of  a  group  of  three  officers, 
a  stray  shot  pierced  his  breast.  With  a  sharp  cry  he  fell  and 
expired,  being  the  first  officer  of  the  regiment  to  be  killed  in 
battle. 

Suddenly,  while  the  regiment  was  at  a  halt,  the  skirmishers 
began  firing  and  fell  back  to  the  right  of  the  regiment,  when 
the  companies  on  the  right  opened  fire.  Company  I  was 
next  to  C  in  line  on  the  right  and  Company  F  on  the  extreme 
right,  as  Company  K  had  been  deploved  as  skirmishers.  The 
left  then  began  to  fire.  Smoke  was  darting  from  the  bushes  in 
front,  men  dropping  or  hurrying  to  the  rear,  hundreds  of  bullets 
were  whistling  and  buzzing  about  the  ears  of  the  men  in  the 
centre  and  a  yelling  and  cheering  was  going  on  in  front,  behind 
the  bushes,  but  those  in  the  immediate  centre  of  the  line  saw 
no  rebels  and  did  not  fire.  The  bushes  completely  hid  the  foe 
from  them.     Company  G  was  color  company,  and  as  the  enemy 


82  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

could  see  the  flags  waving  over  the  underbrush,  they  fired  in 
that  direction.  The  result  was  that  most  of  the  casualities  in 
this  engagement  were  in  Company  G. 

The  firing  ceased  as  suddenly  as  it  began,  the  enemy  retir- 
ing. The  regiment  then  advanced  in  line  to  the  edge  of  the 
wood  and  halted.  In  front  was  an  open  field  and  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  distant  the  woods  ran  out  in  a  point.  As  the 
men  came  out  into  the  open,  a  rebel  soldier  was  seen  just  disap- 
pearing around  this  point.  To  the  left  the  clearing  extended 
as  far  as  one  could  see  and  just  beyond  the  point  of  woods  could 
be  seen  the  earthworks  of  the  enemy,  extending  across  the  field. 
These  were  the  outer  works  of  the  fortifications  of  Richmond, 
only  three  miles  and  a  half  away.  The  Nineteenth  opened  a 
brisk  fire  of  about  three  rounds  and  the  rebel  force  began  a 
precipitated  retreat.  Colonel  Hinks  called  upon  his  men  to 
give  three  cheers.  Upon  hearing  this,  a  regiment  of  the  enemy 
that  had  been  working  down  upon  the  right  of  the  Nineteenth 
joined  their  fellows  in  their  "advance"  upon  Richmond. 
Colonel  Hinks  at  once  ordered  "Cease  Firing"  and  as  soon  as 
the  smoke  had  cleared  away,  the  remainder  of  the  enemy  in 
front  were  seen  to  be  moving  across  the  field  toward  their  works. 
A  New  Jersey  regiment  had  come  down  and  partly  covered  the 
left  wing  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts.  Colonel  Hinks 
tried  to  have  them  moved  out  of  his  way,  so  that  he  could  make 
a  charge  and  capture  the  colors  of  the  rebels,  but  they  were  so 
slow  in  moving  that  by  the  time  the  regiment  was  unmasked, 
the  enemy  were  nowhere  to  be  seen  and  it  was  too  late.  Orders 
then  came  for  the  command  to  withdraw  and  at  11.15  A.M.  the 
men  marched  back  through  the  woods  to  the  earthworks,  which 
for  twenty  days  previously  they  had  occupied  under  the  con- 
tinual fire  of  the  enemy's  guns.  Here  they  remained  until  the 
change  of  base  of  the  army  was  inaugurated. 

Colonel  Hinks  was  warmly  complimented  by  General  Sedg- 
wick for  his  gallantry  and  skill  and  the  excellent  behaviour  of  his 
regiment  in  the  battle,  which  was  given  the  name  of  Oak  Grove. 

The  loss  was  43,  of  whom  eight  were  killed,  and  one  mortallv 
wounded.  Company  G  lost  one  third  of  the  men  lost  in  this 
engagement,  having  three  killed  and  nine  wounded. 


BATTLE    OF    OAK    GROVE.  83 

While  the  regiment  had  been  under  fire  nearly  all  the  time 
since  arriving  in  Yorktown,  this  was  the  first  square  fight  in 
which  it  had  been  engaged  There  had  been  no  opportunity 
for  the  use  of  tactics,  as  the  woods  were  thick  and  little  of  the 
enemy  could  be  seen. 

"Never  did  I  know  before  how  hard  it  is  to  fight/5  wrote 
Sergeant  Major  Newcomb  to  his  brother  after  this  battle.  "It 
is  not  the  marching  or  the  firing  that  wears  men,  but  the  sus- 
pense of  the  slow  advance  and  frequent  halts,  the  increasing 
rattle  of  musketry,  the  devilish  yells  of  our  merciless  enemy; 
till  finally,  when  at  once  the  storm  of  bullets  whirs  over  and  on 
each  side  men  begin  to  fall,  and  orders  come  thick  and  fast,  the 
sweat  oozes  from  every  pore.  It  is  not  fear,  but  uncertainty 
that  so  strains  the  nerves  and  makes  men  live  days  in  every 
moment." 

Colonel  Hinks  says  in  his  report:  "My  regiment  performed 
to  my  satisfaction,  there  being  no  exceptions  to  the  general 
good  behaviour  of  officers  and  men  in  the  performance  of  the 
difficult  and  trying  duties  required  of  them.  I  may,  however 
without  injustice  to  others,  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to 
Major  Howe  and  Adjutant  Chadwick  for  their  assistance  and 
gallant  bearing  upon  the  field  under  the  heaviest  fire,  and  par- 
ticularly commend  the  bravery  of  Corporal  O'Rourke,  of  Com. 
pany  E,  who  gallantly  siezed  the  color  (the  flag  of  our  Common- 
wealth) when  its  bearer,  Sergt.  Samuel  H.  Smith,  was  shot 
down,  and  continued  to  bear  it  through  the  fight." 

Moses  Short,  of  Company  G,  died  of  his  wounds.  He  was 
shot  in  the  corner  of  his  mouth,  the  ball  passing  down  the  neck, 
over  the  shoulder,  down  the  back  and  lodging  in  the  thigh.  It 
shattered  his  jaw  and  broke  almost  every  bone  in  its  course. 

David  B.  Ash  was  shot  in  the  breast.  The  ball  glanced 
off  and  struck  his  arm  just  above  the  elbow,  shattering  it  so 
badly  that  it  had  to  be  amputated.  John  Tibbctts,  of  Com- 
pany (',  had  a  terrible  wound  in  the  shoulder.  Benjamin  H. 
Jcllison  had  received  two  bullets  in  the  chin  where  a  minie  ball 
had  gone  in  one  side  of  it  and  out  the  other.  The  wound  of 
color  Sergt.  Samuel  H.  Smith  was  a  peculiar  one.  Manfully 
steadying  his  color  during  the  advance,  he  felt  something  strike 


84  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

his  breast.  Turning  his  head  instinctively  down  and  toward 
the  side,  another  ball  almost  immediately  struck  him  in  the 
ear,  passing  into  his  throat  and  injuring  the  larynx.  It  was 
undoubtedly  from  a  rebel  sharpshooter  in  a  tree. 

While  encamping  in  the  breastworks  after  this  little  fight, 
the  cooks  remained  in  the  old  camp  and  the  food  was  brought 
out  to  the  regiment  by  them,  or,  when  they  could  be  spared, 
by  a  detail  of  two  men  from  each  company.  One  day,  no  de- 
tail being  made,  two  men  on  special  duty  started  up  the  rail- 
road for  their  company  quarters,  bearing  between  them  on 
two  sticks  a  kettle  of  coffee  and  one  of  food.  When  about  half 
way  to  the  breast  works,  the  Confederates  sent  a  shell  down  the 
track  from  a  gun  on  a  platform  car  which  they  had  run  down 
almost  to  the  picket  lines.  Thinking  that  it  was  sent  for  them 
and  that  it  was  an  attack  on  the  "base  of  supplies,"  they  dropped 
the  stick  and  took  to  the  woods,  while  the  kettles  were  left, 
overturned,  on  the  railroad.  Dinner  was  not  served  that  day 
to  Company  C. 

On  the  night  of  June  25,  the  enemy  made  an  attack  to 
break  the  line,  but  were  repulsed.  This  attack  was  probably 
made  to  see  if  the  Union  forces  were  retreating. 

The  troops  on  the  right  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  made 
a  desperate  attempt  to  cross  the  Chickahominy  river,  which 
ran  diagonally  through  the  Union  lines,  thus  splitting  the  army 
in  two.  The  enemy  was  as  desperately  determined  that  such 
a  thing  should  not  occur,  as,  once  across,  the  investment  of 
Richmond  would  be  complete  and  their  right  would  present  a 
continuous  line  to  the  Union  centre  and  left.  Consequently 
the  enemy  hurled  his  strongest  battalions  against  Porter's  Fifth 
Army  Corps,  resulting  in  the  battle  of  Mechanics ville  on  June 
26  and  Gaines'  Mills  on  June  27 


CHAPTER  XII. 
mcclellan's  change  of  base, 
the  seven  day's  retreat. 

For  several  days  speculation  had  been  rife  as  to  when  the 
armv  would  enter  Richmond.  Soon  the  news  came  of  the 
disaster  on  the  right.  The  enemy  had  turned  the  right  flank, 
supplies  and  trains  were  in  danger  and  an  immediate  change  of 
base  must  be  made. 

On  Saturday,  June  28,  orders  were  given  to  prepare  for  a 
forced  march.  Some  of  the  men  were  told  to  throw  away 
everything  but  gun  and  equipment,  haversack,  canteen  and  one 
piece  of  shelter  tent,  rubber  or  woolen  blanket,  and,  in  what- 
ever they  chose  to  carry,  to  wrap  a  change  of  underclothing. 
Part  of  the  tents  were  to  be  left  standing  and  slit  so  that  they 
would  be  of  no  use  to  the  rebels.  Everything  not  carried  was 
to  be  destroyed  in  some  way.  Everyone  knew  that  this  meant 
"retreat," —  where,  they  did  not  know 

At  night  the  men  lay  down  behind  the  breastwork,  fully 
equipped  for  march  or  fight.  Although  they  had  kept  their 
spirits  up  and  had  been  cheerful  under  the  inspiring  cry  of  "On 
to  Richmond,"  the  hardships  and  exposures  had  been  almost 
beyond;  human  endurance.  Forced  to  live  with  their  bodies 
bound[up£in  military  trappings  day  and  night,  constantly  on 
duty,  either  on  picket  or  in  building  fortifications  in  the  rain  or 
hot  sun,  with  food  of  an  inferior  quality,  much  poorer  than  they 
ever  got  before  or  after,  water  that  a  beast  would  scorn  to  drink 
in  New  Kngland  (always  the  color  of  a  mud  puddle  in  a  northern 
road  after  a  shower)  and  never  cool,  hundreds  had  been  taken 
sick  and  carried  to  the  general  hospital.  For  two  weeks  or 
more  the  air  had  been  polluted  by  the  hundreds  of  putrid 
corpses  interred  in   shallow  graves.     Now,   at   the  end  of   the 

(85) 


86  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

month,  the  men  lay  there,  reduced  in  flesh  and  strength,  in  an 
unfit  condition  for  an  active  campaign,  waiting  for  the  day- 
light to  usher  in  one  of  the  most  trying  and  notable  weeks  they 
were  destined  to  experience, —  the  Seven  Days'  Battles  and  the 
change  of  base  to  the  James  River. 

There  was  despondency  in  all  the  army.  To  be  compelled 
to  leave  the  vantage  ground  which  they  had  gained  was  a  plain 
acknowledgment  of  defeat  and  did  not  add  to  the  morale. 

During  the  early  night  of  Saturday,  June  28,  General  Dana, 
commanding  the  brigade,  called  a  conference  of  the  regimental 
commanders,  at  which  the  situation  was  discussed.  All  the 
rest  of  the  army  had  been  withdrawn  and  Dana's  Brigade  was 
left  as  rear  guard,  with  orders  to  remain  until  daylight. 

Fortunately  a  heavy  fog  settled  over  both  lines,  and,  at  the 
appointed  hour  on  Sunday,  June  29,  the  brigade  withdrew,  the 
enemy  not  daring  to  attack  as  anticipated,  owing  to  their  uncer- 
tainty as  to  the  circumstances.  As  the  men  marched  away 
from  their  camping  place,  great  stacks  of  boxes  of  hard  bread, 
piles  of  dried  apples,  bags  of  coffee  and  barrels  of  whiskey  were 
passed.  They  were  being  burned  and  destroyed  to  prevent 
their  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  (It  was  hard  to  see 
so  much  food  abandoned,  when  the  regiment  had  been  on  short 
rations.  A  little  more  issued  to  the  men  and  less  to  the  flames 
would  have  pleased  everyone.) 

As  soon  as  the  fog  had  lifted,  the  enemy  discovered  that  the 
rear  guard  had  left  the  fortifications  at  Fair  Oaks.  They 
followed  from  the  roads  leading  out  of  Richmond  and  came  up 
with  the  forces  at  Peach  Orchard,  one  of  those  long,  undulating 
fields  surrounded  by  woods  in  which  Virginia  abounds,  and 
which  are  so  perfectly  fitted  for  defence.  Regiments  of  infantry 
and  batteries  of  artillery  filed  into  this  field  until  it  was  filled, 
except  for  the  side  toward  the  enemy  and  this  side  was  com- 
manded at  every  point. 

The  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  had  formed  in  line  of 
battle  on  a  ridge  on  the  southern  side  of  the  field,  just  at  the 
edge  of  the  wood.  At  the  right  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachu- 
setts was  Tompkin's  Battery  A,  First  Rhode  Island  Artillery. 
The  men  lay  here  at  rest,  listening  to  the  crackling  of  the  fire 


McCLELLAN   S    CHANGE    OF    BASE.  Q< 

beyond  the  woods  at  the  north  of  the  field,  where  the  supplies 
were  being  consumed.  Here  the  regiment  rested  until  about 
eight  o'clock,  anxiously  waiting  for  —  they  knew  not  what. 

Suddenly  the  yells  of  the  rebels  were  heard  as  they  entered 
the  woods.  Then  all  was  silent  in  front  and  nothing  could  be 
heard  but  the  rumbling  of  the  artillery  wheels  as  the  troops 
moved  over  the  grassy  plains,  taking  up  positions  from  which 
to  meet  the  expected  onslaught.  Everyone  knew  that  the 
storm  would  soon  burst,  but  whether  it  would  be  a  shower  or 
a  tornado,  they  could  not  tell. 

Hark!  The  skirmishers  met,  and,  pop,  pop,  pop  went  the 
muskets,  the  firing  increasing  in  rapidity  as  the  Union  men 
gradually  fell  back  until  there  was  one  tremendous  crash  as  the 
two  first  lines  of  battle  met.  This  was  followed  bv  a  continu- 
ous roar  as  the  work  of  death  went  on.  Men  came  running 
out  of  the  woods,  across  the  field  and  up  the  slope.  Some  of 
them  were  wounded,  all  reporting  that  the  rebels  were  coming 
in  swarms.  One  came  up  groaning,  with  his  skin  burned  off 
both  legs  to  the  knee.  He  had  tried  to  fill  his  canteen  with 
whiskey  from  the  burning  pile  of  stores  and  when  the  barrel 
burst  it  scattered  the  burning  fluid  over  his  limbs,  consuming 
his  trousers  to  the  knees  and  burning  his  legs  to  a  blister. 

The  battle  became  hot  and  the  line  seemed  to  be  gradually 
falling  back,  whenTompkin's  Battery  on  the  right  was  ordered 
to  fire  into  the  enemy's  reserves  over  the  heads  of  the  men  of 
the  Nineteenth  and  the  others  of  McClellan's  Army  The 
commander  gave  the  order  to  load,  then,  riding  from  the  right 
to  the  left,  he  ordered  "No.  1, Fire;  No.  2, Fire;  No.  3, Fire;  No. 4, 
Fire, "  and  the  work  went  on,  the  men  finally  loading  and  firing 
at  will,  being  answered  by  the  rebel  artillery.  The  Nineteenth, 
being  so  near,  got  its  share  of  the  shells  from  the  enemy.  They 
came  screeching  over,  bursting  in  front  and  rear,  on  each  side 
and  above  them,  while  the  rebel  line  advanced  so  near  during 
its  charge  that  bullets  from  their  muskets  reached  them  also, 
making  the  situation  very  unpleasant,  as  the  men  lav  there 
without  an  opportunity  to  take  part  and  in  constant  danger 
from  flying  pieces  of  shell  and  stray  bullets. 


88        THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

In  a  short  time  the  firing  ceased,  the  enemy  having  had 
enough,  and  they  drew  back  to  wait  for  a  more  favorable  oppor- 
tunity. At  about  three  o'clock  the  artillery  limbered  up, 
pickets  were  withdrawn  and  the  troops  started  again  on  a  double- 
quick  march  down  the  railroad,  the  baggage  train  having  got  a 
considerable  distance  away.  The  heat  was  intense  and  many 
men  fell  out  and  were  taken  by  the  enemy.  The  track  was 
hemmed  in  on  both  sides  by  steep,  gravelly  banks  and  thick 
woods  and  infantry  and  artillery  scampered  over  the  sleepers, 
the  horses  bumping  the  pieces  and  caissons  first  over  one  rail 
and  then  over  the  other,  each  turn  of  the  wheel  threatening  to 
throw  everything  topsy  turvy.  Lieutenant  Prime  of  Com- 
pany C,  who  had  long  been  ill,  succumbed  to  the  tremendous 
strain  and  was  obliged  to  let  the  Company  march  away  from 
him.  He  kept  moving  on,  but  gradually  lost  ground.  He  and 
Lieutenant  Bachelder  had  become  fast  friends, — like  brothers, — 
and  tears  stood  in  the  latter's  eyes  as  he  turned  to  see  his  com- 
rade being  left  behind.  (Lieutenant  Prime  rejoined  the  regi- 
ment at  Harrison's  Landing.)  Lieutenant  Hume  was  also 
compelled  to  drop  out  and  was  left  behind,  being  captured  by 
the  pursuing  enemy. 

The  rays  of  the  sun  fell  full  upon  the  men  as  they  marched 
down  the  railroad  track,  with  not  a  breath  of  air  stirring.  The 
sick  and  wounded  had  been  brought  along  with  much  difficulty. 
Many  knapsacks  and  overcoats, —  even  haversacks  containing 
their  rations, — -were  thrown  away  as  constituting  too  heavy  a 
load.  Capt.  Ansel  D.  Wass  was  affected  by  the  great  heat  and 
some  of  the  officers  and  men  were  exhausted  and  forced  to  lie 
down  by  the  side  of  the  track. 

After  marching  for  some  hours  in  this  manner,  the  regi- 
ment halted  in  an  open  space  in  front  of  Savage's  Station,  and 
the  order  to  rest  was  given.  It  was  an  agreeable  order  and  the 
men,  breaking  ranks,  looked  about  for  shade  and  water. 

When  the  snow  white  tents  of  the  field  hospital  were  pitched 
they  looked  very  picturesque  and  inviting,  with  their  new  camp 
cots  regularly  placed,  but  ever  present  was  the  thought  that 
they  were  only  intended  for  the  reception  of  the  wounded  from 


MCCLELLAX'S    CHANGE    OF    BASE.  89 

the  battle  which  was  momentarily  expected.  Even  as  the 
thought  suggested  itself,  the  enemy's  shells  came  over  and  fell 
among  the  troops. 

The  ground  descended  rapidly  toward  the  West  where  the 
regiment  lay  upon  its  arms,  holding  the  right  of  Dana's  line  on 
the  railroad  and  watching  the  wagon  trains  hurrying  to  a  place 
of  safety.  The  woods  toward  Peach  Orchard  were  full  of  the 
enemy  who  were  constantly  firing.  The  dust  in  the  road  in 
front  was  ankle  deep  and  rose  in  dense  clouds,  enveloping  every- 
thing.    The  men  were  exhausted  and  many  were  ill. 

During  the  battle  at  Peach  Orchard,  the  band  and  field 
musicians  of  the  regiment  were  busily  employed  at  the  field 
hospital  of  the  3rd  Brigade,  2nd  Division,  2nd  Corps,  in  carry- 
ing the  wounded  from  the  field  and  caring  for  them,  also  in 
assisting  to  build  operating  benches  for  the  surgeons. 

At  about  10  A.M.,  there  was  a  sudden  stopping  on  the 
firing  line  and  Surgeon  Revere  of  the  TwentiethMassachuset  ts,  in 
charge  of  the  brigade  field  hospital,  ordered  principal  musician 
Stephen  I.  Newman  of  the  Nineteenth  to  go  forward  and  ascer- 
tain the  meaning  of  the  cessation.  As  Newman  reached  the  spot 
where  his  regiment  had  been  stationed,  to  his  surprise,  not  only 
that  regiment  but  the  entire  Second  Corps  had  moved  toward 
Savage's  Station  and  were  nowhere  in  sight.  There  were  a 
number  of  wounded  who  had  been  left  behind,  near  the  halting 
place  at  the  railroad. 

When  the  condition  of  affairs  had  been  reported  to  Surgeon 
Revere,  he  immediately  ordered  that  saplings  and  straight,  slim 
branches  suitable  for  stretcher  poles  be  cut,  also  that  pieces  of 
shelter  tents  be  collected  with  which  to  construct  stretchers  on 
which  to  carry  the  wounded  to  a  safer  location.  Field  Musi- 
cians Lord  and  McCammon,  of  Company  A,  each  carried  a 
hatchet  for  this  purpose. 

Some  musicians  in  the  bands  of  the  Third  Brigade  had 
been  heard  to  say  that  all  the  regimental  bands  in  the  volunteer 
regiments  were  to  be  mustered  out  of  the  service  on  or  before 
August  21,  1S(')2.  Principal  Musician  Newman  reported  this 
fact  to  Surgeon  Revere  and  suggested  that  the  safety  and  care 
of  the  wounded  men  was  of  more  importance  than  a  few  old 


90  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

brass  musical  instruments.  The  surgeon  at  once  issued  orders 
that  musicians  of  the  Third  Brigade  should  carry  the  wounded 
to  Savage's  Station  hospital  and  abandon  their  instruments, 
unless  they  could  carry  them  easily.  Quite  a  number  of  the 
larger  instruments  were  rendered  useless  and  abandoned  as  a 
result.* 

A  considerable  body  of  troops  were  in  front,  covering  the 
approach  to  White  Oak  Swamp.  Continual  explosions  had 
been  heard  at  the  front  for  some  time  and  the  cause  was  soon 
learned,  for  a  long  train  of  ammunition  was  found  to  be  in 
flames,  fired  by  order  of  the  general  commanding,  to  keep  it 
out  of  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  This  continued  burning  far 
into  the  night,  the  many  colored  clouds  of  dense  smoke  filling 
the  heavens.  One  ammunition  train  was  run  into  the  river 
through  the  opening  in  the  bridge.  The  regiment  was  posted 
on  an  incline  at  the  right  of  the  road,  forming  in  line  facing  the 

*On  the  night  of  June  28,  1862,  just  as  the  regimental  wagons  were 
about  to  depart  from  near  the  traverses  and  breastworks  in  front  of  Rich- 
mond, Principal  Musician  Newman  had  placed  on  one  of  them,  in  care  of 
Commissary  Sergeant  Joseph  Snelling,  a  field  bugle  and  drum.  These 
instruments  were  not  seen  again  until  the  morning  of  July  4,  1862,  at 
Harrison 's  Landing.  On  that  day,  in  company  with  many  others,  Newman 
was  in  the  creek  enjoying  a  bath  and  washing  his  clothes.  Herman  Donath 
the  colonel's  orderly,  rode  up  and  informed  him  that  guard  mounting  was 
about  to  be  held,  with  music,  and  that  he  with  Fifer  John  McCammon, 
(one  of  the  best  fifers  in  the  army),  were  to  report  immediately  to  Adjt. 
Chadwick  at  guard  mounting  parade. 

The  two  musicians  quitted  the  stream  just  as  they  were,  only  stopping 
to  empty  the  water  from  their  boots  and  wring  out  their  shirts.  They 
reported  on  parade  to  Adjt.  Chadwick,  who  handed  to  Newman  the  drum 
which  he  had  placed  in  the  Commissary  Sergeant's  wagon,  and  to  T'ifer 
McCammon  a  fine  fife.  For  the  "Assembly  of  the  Guard"  they  played 
"Jefferson  and  Liberty,"  this  being  the  first  music  heard  in  the  camp  of 
the  Second  Corps  since  the  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks.  For  the  "Inspection  of 
the  Guard"  they  played  "Yankee  Doodle,"  with  variations.  The  music 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  entire  corps  and  everyone  seemed  to  enter 
into  the  spirit  of  the  occasion.  The  men  seized  the  first  thing  that  came 
handy  and,  beginning  to  form  to  the  left,  extended  the  guard  line.  The 
countermarch  was  executed  near  the  camp  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  1st  Div.. 
2nd  Corps,  and  "Garry  Owen"  was  played  in  their  honor.  The  event 
was  a  unique  one  and  had  the  effect  of  cheering  the  men  up  quite  a  little. 


McCLELLAN's    change   of   base.  91 

burning  train,  which  made  a  grand  spectacle.  As  the  explo- 
sions began,  great  cone-shaped  clouds  of  steam  and  smoke  arose 
above  the  trees  and  gradually  expanded,  floated  away  in  tremb- 
ling masses  of  white  vapor  over  the  field.  The  engine  was 
disconnected,  its  throttle  opened,  and  it  disappeared  through 
the  bridge,  landing  in  the  river.  Very  soon  afterward  the  battle 
became  hot  again  in  the  woods  through  which  the  regiment 
had  passed  and  the  line  was  gradually  pressed  back  until  stray 
bullets  from  the  enemy  reached  the  position  of  the  regiment- 
A  rebel  battery  appeared  in  the  edge  of  the  woods  at  the  left 
and  began  to  make  things  uncomfortable.  Just  as  darkness 
began  to  creep  over  the  land,  a  body  of  troops  marched  to  the 
rear  of  the  Nineteenth  and  formed  a  line.  It  was  the  "Irish 
Brigade."  The  men  of  the  regiment  looked  on  to  see  them 
form  and  they  appeared,  in  the  growing  darkness,  like  phantom 
lines.  They  then  marched  down  the  gentle  slope,  silently  and 
swiftly,  until  they  were  lost  to  view  in  the  darkness.  Their 
mission  was  to  take  care  of  the  battery  which  was  so  annoying 
to  the  Third  Brigade. 

A  scattering  fire  had  been  kept  up  all  the  time.  Soon  a 
tremendous  shout  was  heard,  which  was  met  by  an  answering 
yell  and  the  rattle  of  musketry  became  a  roar.  All  knew  then 
that  the  Irish  boys  were  "At  them."  The  fire  of  the  battery 
suddenly  ceased  and  the  musketry  fire  grew  fainter  and  fainter 
as  it  receded  in  the  distance. 

Soon  after,  the  firing  became  more  general  and  the  roar 
of  artillery  and  the  clatter  of  small  arms  almost  deafening.  One 
or  two  lines  formed  in  the  woods  and  two  in  the  plain  below. 
Only  two  regiments  of  the  Third  Brigade  remained  on  the  hill, 
the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  being  one  of  them.  So  far,  it 
had  just  escaped  a  fight  the  second  time. 

At  about  9  P.M.  the  artillery  limbered  up  and  marched. 
The  lines  withdrew  and  the  regiment  started  in  the  rain  on  a 
march  of  eight  miles.  So  silently  was  this  done  that  the  pickets 
were  surprised,  on  coming  in,  to  find  the  regiment  gone  and  the 
rear  guard  marched  for  three  hours  before  catching  up. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

THROUGH    WHITE    OAKS    SWAMP. 
THE    BATTLE    OF    GLENDALE. 

Then  the  retreat  of  the  last  portion  of  McClellan's  Army 
began.  If  anything  was  necessary  to  complete  the  rout  of  an 
army,  the  conditions  were  now  present.  That  the  men  were 
not  demoralized  was  due  to  the  thorough  discipline  of  the  mag- 
nificent Army  of  the  Peninsula  and  its  movements  during  the 
march  forever  can  be  justly  characterized  as  "masterly." 
True,  they  were  in  full  retreat,  and  the  whole  country  might 
well  be  distrustful,  yet  the  movement  was  well  and  success- 
fully conducted. 

Discouragement  was  inevitable,  and  officers  and  men  were 
more  disgusted  than  disheartened.  Their  blood  was  up,  and  it 
can  hardly  be  doubted  that  if  "Right  about  face"  had  been 
ordered  and  "On  to  Richmond"  again  sounded  as  the  slogan 
the  entire  Army  of  the  Potomac  would  have  exhausted  itself  in 
the  attempt.     But  this  could  not  be.     The  army  must  be  saved. 

The  base  at  White  House  had  been  abandoned.  Steamers, 
transports,  schooners,  cattle  barges  and  tugs  were  removed  and 
were  carrying  the  supplies  under  convoy  of  gunboats,  down  the 
York  river  to  Fortress  Monroe,  from  whence  the  army  had 
started  about  three  months  previously.  The  men  had  seen 
immense  collections  of  food  burned,  supplies  of  ammunition 
exploded  and  rail  transportation  itself  demolished.  They 
moved  with  rations  and  cartridges  in  their  haversacks,  cut  loose 
from  everything,  with  the  events  of  the  next  three  days  still  un- 
known before  them.  There  was  no  time  for  undue  caution  and 
no  choice  of  roads  but  "Hobson's."  It  was  "On  to  the  James," 
through  swamps  and  comparatively  unknown  country,  with  all 
arms  of  the  service  intermixed  en  route. 
(92) 


THROUGH    WHITE    OAKS    SWAMP.  93 

The  trains,  loaded  with  ammunition,  forage  and  rations, 
were  pushed  with  all  possible  speed  toward  the  James  River,  the 
the  army  all  the  while  keeping  itself  between  them  and  the 
enemy.  The  troops  moved  until  they  came  up  with  these  trains, 
then  formed  line  of  battle,  beat  back  the  enemy  each  day,  thus 
allowing  the  trains  to  get  a  good  distance  ahead.  Then,  under 
cover  of  the  night,  the  Army  pushed  on,  leaving  behind  the 
dead  and  wounded.  The  surgeons  heroically  remained  at  their 
work  with  them  and  many  were  thus  made  prisoners  of  war. 

At  9  P.M.,  taking  the  Corduroy  Road,  the  regiment  began 
to  move  through  the  tangled  ravine  of  White  Oaks  Swamp,  and 
in  the  darkness  the  progress  was  very  slow;  a  few  rods  or  a  few 
feet  into  the  inky  darkness,  and  then  a  halt;  a  few  rods  more 
and  then  another  stop.  Here  and  there,  fastened  to  the  trees, 
were  flickering  candles.  Staff  officers  were  frequently  seen 
giving  directions  to  the  struggling  forces. 

At  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  regiment  crossed  White 
Oaks  Run  and  was  ordered  to  take  a  little  rest.  The  stragglers 
were  gathered  in,  line  was  formed,  but  the  rest  was  of  very 
brief  duration  and  when  daylight  appeared  the  last  of  the  swamp 
was  left  behind.  The  regiment  halted  on  high  ground  and 
rations  were  served. 

About  7  A.M.  the  bridge  over  Cedar  Swamp  Creek  was 
destroyed  and  the  march  resumed.  The  sun  was  extremely 
hot  and  as  the  light  rain  of  the  night  before  had  ceased  at  day- 
break, the  roads  were  soon  as  dry  and  dusty  as  ever.  At  about 
noon  the  regiment  filed  into  a  field  on  the  left  of  the  road  at 
Nelson's  Farm,  or  Glendale  and  remained  closed  in  mass  until 
about  4  P.M.,  the  men  watching  the  wagon  trains  as  they  passed 
in  their  hurry  to  reach  Malvern  Hill.  During  this  time  General 
McC  all's  troops  from  McDowell's  department  filed  into  the  field. 

At  about  4  P  M.  heavy  firing  from  both  artillery  and 
infantry  was  heard  in  the  direction  from  which  the  regiment 
had  come.  When  the  last  struggling  wagon  had  passed,  the 
Nineteenth  was  again  in  motion,  but  this  time  it  went  back 
over  the  road  to  the  swamp,  in  the  direction  of  the  firing.  The 
stream  of  wagon  trains  and  artillery  had  powdered  the  clayey 


94        THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

road  until  the  dust  was  ankle  deep  and,  rising  in  a  dense  eloud; 
it  enveloped  everything  as  if  in  a  thick  fog,  completely  hiding 
from  view  the  second  file  ahead  and  falling  upon  the  men, 
turning  the  blue  uniforms  into  grey.  There  was  no  breeze 
stirring  and  marching  through  this  blinding  cloud,  under  a 
broiling  sun,  was  agonizing.  Many  men  fainted  by  the  road- 
side,— -some  never  to  survive.  After  marching  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  toward  the  swamp,  the  regiment  filed  into  the  field 
and  halted  in  the  shade  by  the  side  of  a  wood  to  await  orders. 
What  a  relief  to  lie  there  in  the  cool  shade,  after  being  in  the 
hot  sun  all  day,  and  what  a  contrast  between  the  grassy  carpet 
and  the  dusty  road!  Some  of  those  who  had  fallen  out  came 
straggling  up. 

The  men  had  been  in  this  spot  but  a  short  time,  listening 
to  the  sound  of  battle  which  was  gradually  growing  less,  showing 
that  the  rear  guard  was  keeping  the  rebels  back,  when  Colonel 
Hinks  came  to  Lieutenant  Bachelder,  of  Company  C,  and  told 
him  to  send  two  of  his  strongest  men  to  the  hospital  to  carry 
hospital  knapsacks.  "Well,"  said  the  lieutenant,  "I  guess 
I  haven't  got  any  who  are  very  strong,"  but  he  detailed  two, — 
one  of  them  being  Sergt.  R.  R.  Foster.  At  4.30  P.M. 
Dana's  Brigade  started  back  toward  the  position  it  had  occu- 
pied earlier  in  the  day,  the  hospital  department  and  head- 
quarters staff  following  close  in  the  rear.  Firing  was  heard 
from  in  front  and  once  in  a  while  a  shell  would  pass  unpleasantly 
near.  After  a  march  of  half  a  mile,  the  regiment  came  to  an 
abrupt  halt,  the  order  was  given  "Load  at  will,  Load,"  after 
this  "Fix  Bayonets"  and  then  "Forward,  Double-Quick." 

While  the  men  had  been  marching  at  a  rapid  pace  toward 
the  swamp,  earlier  in  the  day,  a  young  soldier  in  the  ranks 
was  complaining  of  the  heat  and  declared  that  he  could  not 
hold  out  much  longer.  He  was  encouraged  by  his  lieutenant 
to  keep  up,  and  did  so.  On  the  return  march,  as  the  sound  of 
musketry  was  heard  in  front,  this  young  man  rallied  at  the 
familiar  sound  and  cried  out  to  the  officer:  "Lieutenant,  I  am 
not  tired  now  Hurrah  for  a  battle."  He  was  mortallv 
wounded  in  the  engagement  that  followed. 

The  quick  march  went  on  with  the  artillery  sweeping  bv, 


THROUGH    WHITE    OAKS    SWAMP  95 

reckless  of  life  or  limb.  Soon  the  regiment  reached  its  old  camp- 
ing ground,  but  instead  of  filing  to  the  left,  it  filed  to  the  right 
and  having  formed  line  of  battle  in  front  of  a  battery  posted 
there,  charged  across  a  field  at  double-quick  to  support  the 
Fifteenth  Massachusetts. 

The  progress  of  the  regiment  was  checked  at  one  point  by 
a  battery  which  was  coming  out  of  the  cross-roads,  and  by 
that  means  it  became  separated  from  its  brigade.  While  wait- 
ing for  the  battery  to  pass,  the  men  who  had  retained  their 
knapsacks  received  orders  to  throw  them  away  By  this  time 
they  contained  many  priceless  treasures, — letters  from  home, 
pictures  of  loved  ones  or  relics  of  previous  conflicts  and  camps, 
but  orders  were  orders  and  they  were  thrown  into  a  pile.  Some 
of  the  officers  threw  away  their  own  treasures  as  an  example. 

The  bullets  and  shells  flew  thick  and  fast,  and,  having 
recovered  their  breath  and  from  the  confusion  which  had  re- 
sulted from  going  so  far  on  the  double-quick,  the  regiment  left 
the  road  and  entered  another  field  where  nothing  could  be  seen 
in  front.  Lying  down  behind  a  knoll,  the  men  sheltered  them- 
selves somewhat.  The  brigade  lines  were  then  formed  as  usual, 
the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment  being  in  the  third  line. 
After  the  two  in  front  had  entered  the  woods,  this  regiment 
advanced  almost  to  their  edge  and  the  men  lay  down.  Soon 
General  Grover,  who  for  some  reason  commanded  that  part  of 
the  line  at  that  time,  ordered  the  regiment  to  enter  the  woods. 
"Be  sure  and  not  fire  on  your  own  men"  were  his  last  words 
before  they  entered. 

After  advancing  some  150  yards,  the  command  halted  and 
dressed.  "Don't  fire  on  your  friends"  shouted  a  number  of 
voices  in  the  bushes  in  front  and  suddenly  a  body  of  the  enemy 
hidden  by  the  foliage  but  not  fifteen  feet  distant,  opened  a  ter- 
rific fire  upon  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth. 

The  powder  flashed  in  their  faces  and  they  staggered  back, 
but  remained  in  position  and  returned  the  fire.  Then  the  regi- 
ment was  ordered  back  a  few  yards  to  the  open  field  with  dimin- 
ished numbers.  Entering  with  more  than  300,  it  had  but  150 
men  left.  As  Colonel  Hinks  walked  along  the  regimental  front, 
he  turned  to  GeorgeMace,  of  Company  C,  who  was  the  humorist 


96  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

of  the  command,  and  said:  "We  are  not  going  to  be  killed  this 
time,  are  we,  Mace?" 

"No  sir,"  said  Mace,  "the  bullet  is  not  made  for  us  yet." 

Almost  immediately  a  body  of  men  suddenly  appeared  in 
the  woods  and  fired  upon  the  Nineteenth.  Poor  Mace  was  shot 
through  the  heart;  Colonel  Hinks  received  a  bullet  through  the 
upper  portion  of  the  right  thigh  and  also  a  severe  contusion  of 
the  left  ankle.  Major  Howe,  who  was  standing  by  the  side  of 
Colonel  Hinks,  fell  mortally  wounded.  As  Major  Howe  fell, 
realizing  that  his  wound  was  mortal,  he  said  to  the  soldier  who 
caught  him:  "Tell  mother  I  died  a  brave  man." 

Corporal  Peter  O'Rourke,  of  Company  E,  who  was  carrying 
the  state  flag,  fell  wounded  and  called  to  Corporal  Henry  K. 
Martin  of  his  company  to  "Come  and  take  the  colors." 

One  of  the  incidents  of  this  engagement  was  the  action  of 
Private  Robert  W  Putnam,*  of  Company  F-  He  was  in  the 
front  line  and  was  badly  wounded  in  the  left  side  and  shoulder. 
AYith  the  assistance  of  comrades,  he  was  seated  upon  a  stump, 
from  which  he  waved  the  others  forward,  his  cap  swinging  from  the 
tip  of  his  bayonet.  Putnam  was  taken  by  the  enemy,  and, 
after  a  march  of  seven  miles,  was  placed  in  Libby  Prison,  where 
he  died  on  July  13th,  1862,  and  was  buried  in  an  unknown  grave. 

In  his  report  of  the  operations  of  the  Nineteenth  regiment 
at  Glendale  on  this  day,  June  30,  Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  then 
the  ranking  officer  said: 

"We  marched  toward  the  field  of  action,  coming  upon  it 
on  the  double-quick  and  under  fire,  the  action  at  its  height  as 
we  came  into  position.  We  were  soon  ordered  forward  into  the 
woods,  cautioned  that  a  line  of  our  men  were  in  front  of  us,  and 
we  were  not  to  fire.  We  had  advanced  about  fifty  yards,  when 
a  heavy  volley  was  fired  into  our  line,  supposed  by  us  to  be 
fired  by  our  first  line  and  seeming,  through  it,  to  take  effect 
on  us.  We  advanced  still  farther,  under  a  continuous  fire; 
when  suddenly  two  regiments  of  the  enemy  rose  from  the  ground 

*  His  sacrifice  has  furnished  the  inspiration  for  the  erection  of  an  im- 
posing memorial  on  Mt.  Hood,  in  Melrose,  Mass.,  to  the  patriot  dead  of  the 
Civil  "War  who  lie  in  unknown  graves. 


MAJOR   HENRY  JACKSON   HOW. 

KILLED   AT  GLENDALE,  JUNE  30,    1862. 

(Enlarged  from  small  war-time  photograph.) 


THROUGH    WHITE    OAKS    SWAMP.  97 

at  a  distance  of  only  a  few  yards  and  poured  a  volley  upon  us, 
at  so  short  a  range  that  our  men's  faces  were,  in  some  instances, 
singed  with  the  flash  of  the  enemy's  muskets,  and,  on  the  right 
of  the  regiment,  our  men  crossed  bayonets  with  the  enemy. 
Under  these  circumstances  our  men  did  all  that  men  could  do, 
firing  upon  the  heavy  masses  of  the  enemy  unceasingly.  Some 
portions  of  our  line  had  already  given  away,  unable  to  stand  the 
withering  fire  of  the  enemy;  when  the  entire  line  was  ordered  to 
fall  back,  and  the  regiment  retired,  firing  as  it  went.  The  regi- 
ment was  speedily  reformed  on  the  outskirts  of  the  woods,  and 
ordered  to  lie  down;  the  field  officers  remaining  standing,  and 
watching  the  movements  of  the  enemy. 

Soon  after  sunset,  troops  were  moving  in  the  woods,  from 
whom  we  received  a  heavy  fire,  under  which  Colonel  Hinks  and 
Major  Howe  fell,  the  latter  mortally  wounded.  Our  men  arose, 
gave  one  volley,  in  return  and  then  broke  retiring  but  a  short 
distance,  when  they  were  reformed,  where  we  remained  until 
ordered  to  return  late  in  the  evening. 

By  the  fall  of  Colonel  Hinks  and  Major  Howe,  and  wound- 
ing of  Captain  Wass,  the  command  devolved  upon  me  until 
relieved  by  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  on  the  night  of  July  11th. 

The  officers,  without  exception,  behaved  most  gallantly, 
leading  their  men  into  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  their  faces  almost 
at  the  muzzles  of  the  enemy's  guns,  with  the  coolness  and  self 
possession  of  veterans. 

The  honorable  wounds  received  by  Colonel  Hinks  are,  in 
themselves,  a  eulogy  of  his  courage  and  patriotism  in  his  coun- 
try's call,  and  earnest  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  his  officers 
and  men. 

In  honor  of  the  memory  of  our  young,  but  courageous 
major,  Howe,  let  the  words  dropped  from  his  lips  after  receiving 
his  mortal  wound  be  the  highest  praise  which  can  be  spoken  of 
a  true  patriot:  "Let  me  die  here  on  the  field:  'tis  more  glorious 
to  die  on  the  field  of  battle." 

Capt.  Chas.  U.  Devereux  was  wounded  while  faithfully 
performing  his  duties;  being  prostrate  at  the  time  from  con- 
tinued illness,  fatigue  and  exposure. 


98  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Lieut.  David  Lee,  of  Company  E,  died  faithfully  at  the  post 
of  duty 

Sergeant  Major  E.  M.  Newcomb,  since  promoted,  and  killed  at 
Fredericksburg,  proved  to  his  superior  officers  that  he  enlisted 
for  his  country's  good  and  from  purely  patriotic  motives. 

I  am,  general, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
Edmund  Rice, 
Captain,  Nineteenth  Mass.  Vols., 

Commanding  Regiment. 

For  his  gallantry  and  good  conduct  in  battle,  Colonel 
Hinks  was  recommended  for  promotion  by  Generals  Sedgwick 
and  Sumner,  and  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  inscribe  on  its 
colors,  "Allen's  Farm,"  "Savage's  Station,"  "White  Oak 
Bridge,"  "Glendale,"  and  "Malvern." 

Capt.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  in  his  personal  memoirs  says:  "Com- 
pany A  had  lost  men  by  death,  but  this  was  the  first  time  any 
of  our  number  had  been  killed  in  action.  Charles  Boynton 
was  one  of  my  townsmen.  He  was  an  eccentric  man  and  had 
troubled  Captain  Merritt  by  his  peculiar  ideas  of  drill,  but  he 
was  as  brave  and  patriotic  a  man  as  ever  shouldered  a  musket. 
He  had  no  patience  with  the  slow  movements  of  the  army  and 
wanted  to  fight  every  day  and  clean  up  the  job.  When  advanc- 
ing in  line  he  would  constantly  rush  ahead  of  his  company,  his 
only  desire  being  to  get  a  shot  at  the  rebels." 

The  loss  of  the  regiment  for  the  day, — nearly  all  in  the 
last  encounter, — was  19  killed,  69  wounded. 

First  Lieut.  David  Lee,  of  Company  E,  was  killed  while  in 
the  act  of  conversing  with  Captain  Weymouth,  of  Company  G, 
and  so  many  other  officers  were  wounded  that  the  command  of 
the  regiment  fell  to  Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  who  marched  it  that 
night  to  Malvern  Hill. 

During  the  evening  of  June  30,  the  enemy  were  heard 
going  about  through  the  woods,  calling  out  the  numbers  of 
their  regiments  so  that  their  wounded  could  hear  them  and  reply. 


THROUGH    WHITE    OAKS    SWAMP.  99 

Some  of  the  Union  wounded  could  also  be  heard  calling  for  help 
and  praying  to  be  put  out  of  their  misery  Some  of  the  Nine- 
teenth endeavored  to  go  into  the  woods,  but  were  ordered  back 
because  of  the  uncertainty  as  to  where  the  enemy  were  located. 
In  the  darkness,  the  men  of  the  different  companies  were  sad 
as  they  looked  around  among  the  few  that  remained.  Only 
six  men  remained  in  Company  H,  seven  in  Company  F,  etc. 
In  all  134  of  the  regiment  were  gone, — all  the  field  officers  and 
the  senior  captain. 

The  regiment  remained  in  position  at  Glendale  until  11 
o'clock  on  the  night  of  June  30,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Rice,  when  the  order  was  whispered  down  the  line  to  "Get 
ready  to  move."  Soon  the  men  withdrew,  forming  in  line  of 
battle  until  the  artillery  had  passed.  As  the  regiment  moved 
off,  Jonathan  Hudson,  of  Company  A,  remained  upon  the 
ground,  apparently  asleep.  Upon  investigation,  however,  he 
was  found  to  be  dead,  having  been  killed  in  the  early  evening 
as  the  regiment  lay  in  line  and  his  death  was  not  known  to  his 
comrades  near  him. 

The  enemy  were  expected  to  attack,  but  they  had  suffered 
too  severely,  and  so  in  silence  the  Union  army  pursued  its  re- 
treat, passing  through  the  woods,  with  their  steep  banks  on 
either  side  of  the  gloomy  road.  The  dead  and  the  dying  were 
necessarily  left  behind.  An  attempt  to  bring  Major  Howe's 
body  failed.  It  was  lifted  in  a  blanket  by  a  half  dozen  men, 
but  the  body  was  so  heavy  that  it  had  to  be  left  behind.  The 
men  rarely  whispered  and  asked  no  questions  as  they  marched 
along,  and  when  the  opening  at  Malvern  Hill  was  reached  at 
daylight  on  Tuesday  morning  everyone  breathed  more  freely. 

The  position  at  Malvern  Hill  was  a  strong  one  and  every- 
thing was  done  to  make  it  stronger.  Some  of  the  men  slept 
upon  the  ground  for  a  few  minutes  but  soon  orders  came  to 
move  again.  The  next  position  was  on  the  extreme  right  of  the 
line,  fully  exposed  to  enfilading  artillery  from  the  enemy,  who 
threw  a  number  of  shells  into  the  line.  General  Kearney 
was  riding  by  at  the  moment  one  of  the  shells  came  over  and  it 
struck   just   beyond   him,    having    narrowly    missed   his   head. 


100      THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

Corporal  Timothy  Callahan,  of  Company  E,  and  Private  P   R. 
Guinan,  of  Company  I,  were  killed  by  pieces  of  bursting  shells. 

General  Sedgwick's  Division  was  immediately  withdrawn 
to  the  shelter  of  some  woods  where  Dana's  Brigade  held  the 
ground  which  protected  the  right  of  the  Union  army.  There 
the  regiment  remained  during  the  rest  of  the  day,  observant  of 
what  was  going  on  but  taking  no  active  part  in  the  terrible 
fight  because  they  were  not  needed. 

Malvern  Hill  was  an  excellent  place  for  a  battlefield.  A 
large  open  space,  rounded  in  the  centre,  made  a  good  position 
for  artillery.  The  men  of  the  regiment  had  an  excellent  oppor- 
tunity to  observe  all  that  transpired. 

On  the  one  side,  the  long  line  of  gray,  rushing  with  fixed 
bayonets  up  the  slope  with  a  momentum  which,  to  an  observer, 
would  seem  to  have  force  enough  to  crush  anything  before  it. 
On  the  other  side  was  a  line  along  the  brow  of  a  hill,  in  most 
places  only  two  deep,  with  a  slight  reserve,  watching  the  ad- 
vance of  this  yelling  mass  of  men  in  gray  They  have  not  the 
excitement  that  comes  with  motion  and  the  onward  rush  to 
sustain  them.  They  must  stand  there  and  await  the  crash; 
there  is  no  breastwork  to  conceal  them;  no  fence  to  crouch 
behind;  the  open  field  is  clear  of  any  obstacle  to  retard  the  on- 
ward rush  of  the  enemy, — nothing  but  this  thin  line  with 
artillery  posted  between  the  regiments  to  stop  them. 

These  men  on  the  hill  had  been  fighting  by  day  and  march- 
ing by  night  for  seventy-two  consecutive  hours,  while  the 
enemy,  knowing  the  ground,  had  the  advantage  of  rest  and 
sleep.  The  shells  from  the  Union  gunboats  undoubtedly 
rendered  aid  by  dropping  among  and  scattering  the  Confederate 
reserves,  but  to  those  on  the  hill  they  were  a  menace  as  well, 
as  there  was  the  constant  fear  that  one  of  the  great  missiles 
would  drop  among  friends  instead  of  foes.  The  rebels,  referring 
to  these  great  shells,  said  "When  you'uns  commenced  to  throw 
iron  pots  and  half  barrels  at  us,  we'uns  thought  it  time  to  git," 
and  they  did. 

In  the  early  evening,  Lieutenant  Dodge,  of  Company  F, 
a  sergeant  and  several  men  were  in  front  on  picket,  and  when 


THROUGH    WHITE    OAKS    SWAMP.  101 

a  relief  was  sent  out  the  little  lieutenant  expressed  his  willing- 
ness -to  remain  on  duty  until  morning,  knowing  that  all  the 
others  were  thoroughly  exhausted. 

At  one  o'clock  in  the  morning,  orders  to  march  were  re- 
ceived. Then  the  men  learned  that  the  rebels  had  been 
repulsed  at  every  point  on  the  previous  day,  with  terrible 
slaughter.  The  news  was  cheering  and  they  were  greatly 
chagrined  to  know  that  the  Union  forces  were  to  again  give  up 
a  dearly  won  field  and  seek  a  base  of  supplies  several  miles 
distant.  Victory  had  bought  but  the  right,  unmolested,  to 
complete  the  awful  retreat. 


CHAPTER  XIV 

FROM    MALVERN   HILL   TO   HARRISON 's    LANDING. 

As  the  columns  descended  the  hill,  a  heavy  rain  set  in.  The 
roads  were  given  over  to  the  artillery,  cavalry  and  wagon  trains 
while  the  infantry  marched  through  the  woods  at  the  side.  The 
march  from  Malvern  Hill  to  Harrison's  Landing  was  one  of  the 
worst  the  regiment  ever  experienced.  The  men  pulled  and 
struggled  along  through  the  mud  in  the  darkness,  drenched  to 
the  skin  by  the  rain  which  continued  to  fall  until  well  into  the 
next  day.  Scattered  by  the  roadside  were  many  burning  wagons 
which  it  had  been  necessary  to  abandon.  When  daylight  ap- 
peared, it  revealed  hundreds  of  men  by  the  roadside  who  had 
become  exhausted  and  left  behind  by  their  regiments. 

During  the  day  the  troops  passed  the  siege  train,  the  first 
time  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  had  seen  the  heavy  guns.  They 
were  drawn  by  twelve  mules,  and  were  what  McClellan  was 
going  "to  reduce  Richmond"  with.  The  gaunt  remains  of  the 
heroic  regiment  reached  the  mecca  of  their  hopes,  Harrison's 
Landing,  just  before  night,  and  in  the  distance  could  be  seen 
the  James  River.  "Safety  Here"  was  the  unexpressed  feeling 
of  the  men  as  they  halted,  wet,  tired,  dirty  and  hungry,  having 
been  marching  nearly  24  hours  through  rain  and  mud.  There 
was  an  immense  wheatfield,  well  trodden  down,  and  staff  officers 
were  stationed  to  point  out  to  the  straggling  troops  the  posi- 
tions they  were  to  occupy.  Arms  were  stacked  in  a  portion  of 
this  field,  but  in  all  directions  there  was  a  sea  of  mud,  at  least 
four  inches  deep.  There  was  a  rail  fence  in  sight,  but  how 
quickly  it  vanished  and  in  less  than  30  minutes  there  was 
nothing  for  a  mile  around  to  show  that  there  had  ever  been  a 
fence,  but  in  every  company  there  was  a  good  supply  of  fuel  and 
a  roaring  fire. 

As  soon  as  the  ranks  were  broken,  some  of  the  men  started 
(102) 


FROM    MALVERN   HILL    TO   HARRISON 's    LANDING.  103 

for  rails,  others  for  something  for  a  bed  and  some  to  find  water. 
Great  armfuls  of  the  unthreshed  wheat  were  secured  for  bedding, 
the  coffee  was  soon  made  and  the  men  were  fairly  comfortable, 
despite  the  mud  and  their  generally  parboiled  condition.  Then 
they  lay  down  and  slept.  They  had  been  in  four  engagements, 
marched  25  miles  and  lost  176  men. 

And  so  ended  the  Seven  Days  Retreat. 


LIST    OF   CASUALITIES    IN    THE    NINETEENTH    REGIMENT, 

MASSACHUSETTS  VOLUNTEERS,  IN  THE  ENGAGEMENT 

AT  FAIR  OAKS,  VA.,  AND  DURING  THE  "CHANGE 

OF  BASE"  FROM  FAIR  OAKS  TO   HARRISON'S 

LANDING,  JUNE  25-JULY  1,  1862. 

Casualities,  June  25,  1862. 

killed  or  died  of  wounds  received  in  action: 

Co.  H.       Second  Lieut.  Charles  B.  Warner. 
Co.  B.       Private  Moses  Short. 
Co.  C.        Private  John  Hull. 

Private  Luke  Murphy. 
Co.  G.       Corporal  John  McMorrow. 

Private  Joseph  Baldwin. 

Private  John  Carpenter. 
Co.  K.       Private  Samuel  E.  Collins. 
Co.  F. Kelly. 

wounded: 

Adjutant  John  C.  Chadwick,  wrist. 

Quartermaster  Sergeant  Levi  Shaw,  wrist. 
Co.  A.       Corporal  James  W    Hollister,  hand. 

Private  Daniel  W  Carlton,  left  leg,  severely. 

Private  Leroy  A.  Nelson,  side. 

Private  Augustus  Grant, 
Co.  B.        Corporal  John  N.  Thompson,  hip. 

Private  Angelo  Chiconi,  left  arm. 

Private  David  B.  Ash,  right  arm,  amputated  (Died  in 
New  York  hospital.) 


104  THE    NINETEENTH   MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Co.  C.        Private  John  L.  Tibbetts,  right  arm,  amputated. 

Private  Benjamin  H.  Jellison,  face. 
Co.  D.        Private  Nathaniel   Loveland,  side. 

Private  James  P   Daly,  head. 

Private  James  O'Hearn,  lungs,  dangerously. 

Private  Robert  Harper,  hip,  severely 
Co.   E.        Private  Andrew  Norton,  both  thighs. 

Private  Patrick  Hagerty,  wounded  and  missing. 
Co.   F-        First  Lieutenant'James  H.  Rice,  hip,  severe. 

Private  Wesley  P   Bean,  both  thighs,  severe. 

Private  John  McMahon,  neck,  severely  (Missing  re 
ported  dead.) 

Private  James  Gately,  abdomen. 
Co.  G.        Private  William  R.  Melden,  left  arm,  amputated. 

Private  John  Barrett,  head. 

Private  Charles  B.  Brown,  ankle. 

Private  William  Butler,  ankle. 

Private  James  P  Costello,  ankle. 

Private  Edward  Fitzgerald,  hand. 
Co.'H.       Color  Sergeant  H.  Smith,  head. 

First  Sergeant  William  R.  Driver,  abdomen. 

Corporal  George  A.  Rowe. 

Private  Francis  McKenna,  wrist. 

Private  John  S.  Rodigrass. 

Private  James  Powell. 

Private  Samuel  Stone,  Jr. 

Private  Charles  A.  Brown,  head. 

Private  Reuben  Andrews. 

Private  David  Carlton. 
Co.  I.         Private  Charles  C.  Sewall,  groin,  severely. 

Private  Thomas  Tuttle,  wrist. 

Private  Charles  B.  Knox,  hand. 
Co.  K.       Private  John  Sullivan,  leg,  severely. 
Private  Frank  B.  Leach,  side. 
missing: 
Co.  K.       Private  Edwin  B.  Pratt. 
Private  John  Hogan. 
Private  Jacob  Grau. 


from  malvern  hill  to  harrison 's  landing.        105 
Casualities,  June  28,  1862. 

WOUNDED : 

Co.  B.        Private  John  Jordan. 

Private  William  Delaney. 

Casualities,  June  29,  1862. 

Second  Lieutenant  Lysander  J.  Hume,  of  Company 
K,  sick  on  march,  captured  by  enemy.  Re- 
ported "Missing  in  Action." 

Private  Benjamin  A.  Stone,  Company  H,  died  of 
disease  on  the  march  from  Fair  Oaks. 

Casualities,  June  30,  1862 — Glendale. 
killed  in  action  or  died  of  wounds: 

Major  Henry  J.  Howe. 

First  Lieutenant  David  Lee,  Company  E. 
Co.  A.       Private  Jonathan  Hudson. 

Private  Volney  P  Chase. 
Co.  C.        Private  George  W.  Mace. 

Private  Benjamin  F  Stevens. 

Private  Samuel  C.  Jellison. 
Co.  E.       Private  Edward  Maguire. 
Co.  F.       Corporal  Thomas  Welch. 

Corporal  Lyman  Blackington. 

Private  Lewis  Westacott. 

Private  Harrison  E.  Case. 
Co.  G.       Private  Andrew  G.  Jacobs. 

Private  Henry  Eacott. 

Private  James  O'Connell. 

Private  George  R.  White. 

Private  George  Lucy. 
Co.  H.       Private  John  Smith. 

Private  Thomas  H.  Smith. 
Co.  K.       Corporal  Augustus  P  Tolman. 

Private  John  Carroll. 


106  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

wounped: 

Colonel  Edward  W  Hinks,  thigh. 

Captain  Charles  U.  Devereux,  Co.  H.,  chest  and  arm. 
Captain  Ansel  D.  Wass,  Co.  K.,  chest  and  foot. 
Co.  A.        Corporal  Patrick  Dunn,  head. 

Private  EdwardMurphy,  right  hip. 
Private  Warren  K.  Bailey,  left  leg. 
Private  James  Porter,  scalp. 
Private  James  Booth,  head. 
Private  John  G.  Coffin,  thigh. 
Private  Thomas  S.  Bradley,  left  hand. 
Co.   B.        Sergeant  Frederick  Crofts,  hand. 

Corporal  Thomas  A.  S.Mitchell,  hand. 
Private  Aaron  Carson,  hand. 
Co.  C.        Sergeant  William  Stone,  left  leg. 

Private  D.  W  Bryant,  head. 
Co.  E.        Sergeant  Bernard  Conway,  ankle. 

Acting  Color  Sergeant  Peter  O'Rourke,  groin. 
Private  Dennis  Guilfoyle,  finger. 
Private  Dennis  Barry,  head. 
Private  Dennis  Callahan,  left  leg,  mortally. 
Private  William  Callahan,  leg. 
Private  Edward  Doherty,  arm. 
Private  Michael  Murphy,  arm. 
Private  RichardMaley,  left  breast. 
Private  Peter  Manning. 
Private  Michael  Sullivan. 
Private  Hugh  Demon,  arm. 
Private  Michael  McGee. 
Co.  F.        Corporal  Charles  O'Neal,  arm. 

Corporal  Moses  P  Bixby,  right  shoulder. 
Private  B.  E.  Fogg,  shoulder. 
Private  William  Gardner,  foot. 
Private  Alex  Morin.  (Died) 

Private  Israel  Putnam,  died. 
Co.  G.        Corporal  Charles  R.  Dakin,  arm,  severe. 
Private  James  Connelly,  hand. 
Private  Charles  F.  Jenkins,  arm. 


FROM    MALVERN   HILL   TO   HARRISON 's    LANDING.  107 

Private  John  Eagan,  head. 

Private  Luke  Kelly,  arm. 

Private  John  Mann,  leg. 

Private  Joseph  Mason,  arm,  amputated. 

Private  Dennis  O'Connor. 

Private  Michael  O'Neal,  arm. 

Private  William  Butler. 

Private  C.  B.  Brown. 

Private  J.  P   Costello. 

Private  John  Barrett. 

Private  Thomas  Kelly. 

Private  James  McLaughlin. 

Private  Andrew  S.  Jacobs.      (Died) 
Co.  H.       Sergeant  George  F  Shaw,  side,  mortally. 

Private  Charles  E.  Andrews.      (Died  of  wounds.) 

Private  William  A.  Andrews,  thigh,  severely. 

Private  Gustavus  Larrabee,  head,  severe. 

Private  Frederick  Martin,  ankle,  severe. 

Private  Daron  W  Morse. 

Private  John  Restell,  Jr.,  arm  and  side  severe. 

Private  George  L.  Trask,  right  arm,  amputated. 

Private  George  W  Thompson,  right  arm,  amputated. 
Co.  I.         Sergeant  Oliver  Hapgood,  bowels,  mortally. 

Corporal  J.  P  Cushing,  leg,  severe. 

Corporal  Edward  Powers,  knee,  severe. 

Private  John  McKenzie,  hand,  severe. 

Private  Daniel  P    Harvey,  arm,  severe. 

Private  Francis  L.  Smith,  arm,  amputated. 

Private  William  Burbank,  back,  severe. 

Private  John  N.  Henry,  shoulder. 

Private  Charles  B.  Knox,  hand. 

Private  Patrick  Monnehan,  head,  mortally. 

Private  George  H.  Stevens,  leg,  severe. 

Private  Daniel  Teadley,  leg. 
Co.  K.       Private  Robert  Williams,  neck. 

Private  Robert  Hendley,  thigh. 

Private  William  A.  McKenney,  breast. 

Private  Thomas  Grieve,  thigh.  (Missing) 


108  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Private  Albert  S.  Lillie,  lost  two  fingers. 
Private  Frank  B.  Leach,  leg. 

Killed,  July  1st,  1862 — Malvern  Hill. 
Co.  E.        Corporal  Timothy  Callahan. 
Co.  I.         Private  Phillip  R.  Guinan. 

Wounded  and  missing,  according  to  the  Monthly 
Return  for  July,  1862. 

F.  W  Tuttle. 
C.  C.  Sewall. 

C.  B.  Knox. 
P  Moynehan. 
W    Burbank. 
E.  Powers. 

G.  H.  Stevens. 
F   H.  Smith. 
J.  N.  Henry. 

D.  P   Harvey. 
D.  Teadley. 
Sergeant  J.  Hapgood. 
Corporal  J.  P.  Cushing. 

Edwin  P    Stanley  (reported  for  duty  in  May,  '63, 
at  Falmouth,  Va.) 

SUMMARY 

Wounded 
Killed  Wounded  Missing  and  Missing 

officers        men     officers         men    officers     men     officers    men 

June  25.                17  3  37  ....           3         ....              2 

June  28.              ....           ....  ....  2 

June  29.              ....  ....  i 

June  30.                2           19  3  73           

July     1.  ....  2 

Date  not  known ....           ....  ....  ....           _.            13 

3  28  6  112  1  3         —  15 


CHAPTER  XV 

THE    REST   AT   HARRISON 's    LANDING. 

What  a  week  had  been  passed!  Though  the  enemy  had 
been  soundly  whipped  in  each  engagement,  the  army  was  not 
"flushed  with  victory." 

Three  months  before  a  great  army,  with  all  the  parapher- 
nalia of  war,  had  started  on  its  mission  to  capture  the  rebel 
capital.  Now  it  was  at  Harrison's  Landing  with  but  50,000 
effective  men.  These,  however,  were  augmented,  as  the  days 
passed  by,  with  stragglers,  sick  and  wounded  who  reported 
for  duty.  Notwithstanding  its  terrible  ordeal,  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  was  still  intact,  its  morale  was  preserved  and,  when 
rested  and  rationed,  it  was  ready  for  any  emergency. 

For  six  weeks  after  the  close  of  the  "Retreat,"  the  army 
drew  a  long  breath  at  Harrison's  Landing.  The  midsummer 
sun  was  exceptionally  hot.  Daily  the  sweet  southern  summer 
airs  kissed  and  flaunted  the  tattered  colors.  Daily  the  great 
army  and  its  chief  waited  for  the  succor  which  would  impel  it 
once  more  upon  the  walls  of  Richmond.  Daily  brave  hearts 
grew  sick  and  faint  with  "hope  deferred."  Succor  came  not 
and  hope  died  out. 

The  scenes  on  the  river  soon  became  as  animated  as  at  the 
former  base  at  White  House  on  the  Pamunkey.  The  river  was 
full  of  transports,  schooners,  flat  boats  and  tugs  which,  with 
the  gunboats,  brought  a  condition  of  activity  never  before  wit- 
nessed there.  Sutlers'  schooners  helped  to  swell  the  flotilla 
and  now  that  the  army  was  likely  to  remain  some  time,  the 
Sutlers  came  ashore  with  their  molasses  ginger  cakes  and  their 
lively  cheese.  They  had  suffered  with  the  army  in  losses  of 
their  supplies  and  had  .seen  them  either  taken  by  the  enemy 
or  destroyed,  rather  than  be  left  behind.  The  Paymaster  also 
came,  and  the  men  were  paid  off. 

(109) 


110  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  headquarters  of  the  quartermaster  and  subsistance 
departments  were  located  at  a  beautiful  plantation  called  West- 
over,  but  three  miles  down  the  river.  Here  the  wagon  trains 
reported  for  rations  and  forage  which  once  more  were  issued 
with  regularity.  The  supply  boats  of  the  government  and  the 
Christian  Commission  furnished  a  limited  supply  of  potatoes 
and  onions. 

On  July  3,  the  day  after  the  arrival  at  Harrison's  Landing, 
General  McClellan  came  through  the  camps,  making  a  short 
speech  to  each  brigade.  General  Dana,  commanding  the  third 
brigade,  called  for  three  cheers  for  the  new  campaign  and  they 
were  given,  not  so  much  for  the  campaign  as  for  "little Mac." 
The  boys  were  always  ready  to  shout  for  him.  In  the  afternoon 
the  Nineteenth  regiment  marched  back  two  miles  and  went 
into  camp.  The  next  day  was  the  glorious  "Fourth"  and  it 
was  celebrated  with  a  national  salute  by  the  artillery.  The 
peculiar  contrast  of  the  sound  of  blank  cartridges  to  the  shotted 
cannon  familiar  in  battle  was  noticed.  The  report  was  "bit" 
off  short  and  everyone  missed  the  "whizz"  to  which  his  ears 
had  become  accustomed.  On  July  4,  also,  when  the  roll  of  the 
regiment  was  called,  it  was  found  that  more  than  one  half  of  the 
men  who  had  left  Massachusetts  less  than  a  year  before  had 
either  been  killed  in  battle,  died  of  disease  or  were  sick  and 
wounded  in  the  General  Hospital. 

It  was  nearly  two  weeks  before  clothing  or  shelter  tents 
were  issued  and  the  only  protection  from  the  hot  sun  in  the 
day  and  the  chilly  dews  at  night  was  the  clothing  which  the 
men  had  on.  This,  in  nearly  all  cases,  consisted  merely  of  the 
cap,  blouse,  shirt,  trousers  and  shoes, —  all  very  much  the  worse 
for  wear.  For  a  bed  there  was  the  sandy  soil.  When  the  tents 
were  issued,  they  were  pitched  on  stakes  about  two  feet  from 
the  ground,  to  admit  of  a  free  circulation  of  air.  The  death 
rate  was  very  high.  Men  who  had  stood  the  hardships  of  the 
retreat  now  sickened  and  died,  and  the  "Dead  March"  could 
be  heard  at  almost  every  hour  of  the  day. 

The  medical  department  was  busy  by  day  and  by  night 
caring  for  the  sick  and  Avounded  and  shipping  them  away.  An 
operating  hospital  was  established  near  the  river  bank,  some 


THE    REST    AT    HARRISON 's    LANDING.  Ill 

distance  from  the  camps.  Sanitary  orders  wereissued  for  the 
better  care  of  the  health  of  the  men.  They  were  forbidden  to 
fry  fresh  beef  as  was  the  custom  in  cold  weather.  Sick  and 
wounded  men  who  were  restored  to  duty  arrived  nearly  every 
day  at  the  camp  and  every  effort  was  made  to  place  the  Army 
in  condition  to  renew  the  offensive. 


On  July  9,  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  sent  the  following  letter 
to  Governor  Andrew.. 


Headquarters  19th  Mass.  Vols., 
In  camp  near  Harrison  Landing,  Va. 

July  9th,  1862. 
To  his  excellency,  John  A.  Andrew, 
Governor  of  Massachusetts. 

Governor: 

Having  received  from  General  Headquarters  a  circular 
desiring  all  regimental  commanders  to  nominate  such  en- 
listed men  of  their  commands  as  have  exhibited  unusual 
good  conduct  during  the  retreat  of  the  Army  from  Fair 
Oaks,  for  positions  as  "Acting  Officers"  until  such  time  as 
the  Governors  of  the  several  states  shall  grant  them  full 
commissions,  I  have  the  pleasure  of  sending  forward  the 
following  names 

Sergt.Maj.  EdgarM.  Newcomb,  who  fearlessly  exposed 
himself  to  rally  the  ranks  broken  by  the  tremendous  volleys 
the  regiment  had  to  encounter  in  the  fight  at  Nelson's 
Farm,  to  be  Second  Lieutenant. 

First  Sergt.  William  R.  Driver,  for  like  conduct  in 
same  battle,  to  be  Second  Lieutenant. 

First  Sergt.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  for  his  coolness  and  brav- 
ery in  the  affair  before  Fair  Oaks  on  June  25th  and  in  the 
separate  encounters  in  the  retreat  from  the  entrenchments 
at  Fair  Oaks  to  this  point,  to  be  Second  Lieutenant. 

Sergt.  Frederick  Crofts,  for  his  gallant  conduct  when 
wounded,  rendering  able  assistance  in  rallying  his  own  and 
another  company  in  the  fight  at  Nelson's  Farm,  to  be  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant. 

The  regiment  now  numbers  527  ready  for  duty,  but 
all  are  more  or  less  exhausted. 


112  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Too  much  praise  cannot  be  accorded  Surgeon  Dyer 
who  has  had  all  the  labor  of  his  department  thrown  upon 
himself  by  the  sickness  of  Surgeon  Willard,  and,  in  addition 
to  his  usual  duties,  has  had  the  labor  of  managing  the  Medi- 
cal department  of  the  Brigade  as  Senior  Surgeon. 

A.  F  Devereux, 

Lieut.  Col.  Com'd'g  Regt. 

On  July  15,  1862,  Colonel  Hinks,  then  in  Boston  suffer- 
ing from  his  wounds,  wrote  to  Governor  Andrew,  recommend- 
ing the  following  promotions  for  bravery  and  gallantry  in  the 
various  engagements  from  June  25  to  July  1. 

Capt.  Ansel  D.  Wass,  to  be  major,  vice  Howe,  killed. 

First  Lieut.  Henry  A.  Hale,  to  be  Captain,  vice  Wass,  pro- 
moted. 

Second  Lieut.   Elisha  A.   Hinks,   to  be  First  Lieutenant, 
vice  Hodges,  resigned. 

Second  Lieut.  Samuel  S.  Prime,  to  be  First  Lieutenant, 
vice  Hale,  promoted. 

Second  Lieut.  Oliver  F    Briggs,  to  be  First  Lieutenant, 
vice  Lee,  killed. 

Sergt.  Maj.  Edgar  M.  Newcomb,  to  be  Second  Lieutenant, 
vice  Palmer,  promoted. 

First  Sergt.  Frederick  Crofts,  Company  B,  to  be   Second 
Lieutenant,  vice  Briggs,  promoted. 

Sergt.  Warner  W  Tilton,  Company  A,  to  be  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, vice  Hinks,  promoted. 

First  Serg.  Thomas  Claffey,  Company  G,   to   be  Second 
Lieutenant,  Vice  Prime,  promoted. 

Sergt.  David  T.  Chubbuck,  Company  K,  to   be  Second 
Lieutenant,  vice  Warner,  killed. 

Snakes  were  numerous  in  the  camp  at  Harrison's  Landing. 
Lieutenant  Dodge  appeared  one  day  with  a  huge  black  snake; 
one  man  pulled  an  adder  from  his  trouser  leg,  and  soon  after  a 
copperhead  was  discovered  to  have  "turned  in"  along  with 
two  tent  mates.  Mosquitoes  were  less  frequent  here  than  at 
Fair  Oaks,  but  every  kind  of  insect  abounded. 

On  July  10,  President  Lincoln  visited  the  Army  and  after 


THE    REST    AT    HARRISON 's    LANDING.  113 

a  grand  review  addressed  the  troops,  expressing  great  satis- 
faction at  their  condition  and  declaring  that  he  had  "wanted 
to  see  for  himself."  Rumor  began  to  be  rife  that  the  Army 
was  soon  to  be  sent  "On  to  Richmond"  again. 

On  July  22,  Sumner's  Corps  was  reviewed  and  nearly 
30,000  troops  took  part  in  the  parade.  Veterans  of  nearly 
every  fight  upon  the  Peninsula  composed  this  Corps,  which 
won  Fair  Oaks  when  it  had  been  lost,  and  which  had  the  battle 
of  Savage's  Station  all  to  themselves  and  made  a  clean  victory. 
In  this  review  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and  the  First 
Minnesota  regiments  bore  away  the  palm,  as  appears  by  the 
following  order: 

Headquarters  Second  Army  Corps,  July  23,  1862. 
General  Order,  No.  21. 

The  general  commanding  would  hereby  announce  to 
this  corps  d'armee  the  fine  appearance  on  the  review  to-day 
of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and  the  First  Minnesota  regi- 
ments. The  condition  of  these  regiments  is  an  honor  to  their 
States,  and  reflects  great  credit  upon  their  commanders. 
By  command  of  Major  General  Sumner. 

L.  Kip,  A.  D.  C.  and  A.  A.  G. 
W  D.  Sedgwick,  A.  A.  G. 
Official. 

This  praise  was  a  source  of  much  pride  to  every  member  of 
these  regiments. 

On  the  afternoon  of  July  31,  the  camp  was  startled  by 
artillery  firing  in  the  direction  of  the  landing,  over  the  camp 
near  the  river.  Orders  were  at  once  received  to  make  ready  to 
move.  Considerable  concern  was  manifested,  as  the  base  of  sup- 
plies was  there  and  some  thought  a  rebel  gunboat  or  a  second 
Merrimack  had  some  down  to  destroy  the  Union  fleet. 

In  a  short  time,  however,  the  firing  ceased,  the  men  broke 
ranks  and  the  artillery,  which  had  harnessed  up  and  moved  to 
the  landing,  returned.  It  was  then  learned  that  the  rebels  had 
planted  a  battery  of  43  guns  at  Coggins  Point  on  a  commanding 
hill  and  opened  fire  on  the  hospital  and  the  shipping,  despite  the 


114  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

fact  that  the  yellow  flag  was  floating  over  the  hospital,  as  it  had 
been  for  a  long  time  and  that  no  hostile  move  had  been  made 
from  that  quarter  to  provoke  the  assault.  A  few  shells  from  the 
100-pounders  soon  caused  them  to  make  a  hasty  departure  and 
then  a  force  was  crossed  which  fortified  the  hill  and  no  further 
trouble  came  from  that  direction. 

At  this  time  Gen.  Halleck  had  been  called  from  his  duties  in 
the  Mississippi  and  made  Commanding  General  of  the  U.  S. 
Army,  with  headquarters  at  Washington. 

On  the  night  of  August  3,  the  monotony  of  camp  life  was 
slightly  broken  when  the  regiment  moved  back  to  Malvern  Hill 
in  light  marching  order,  with  haversacks  full,  in  an  endeavor 
to  surround  a  rebel  camp.  A  round-about  way  was  taken, 
but  the  enemy  escaped  just  in  time  and  the  command  returned 
to  camp  on  Aug.  7 

While  here,  Lieut.  Bachelder,  of  Company  C,  received  his 
commission  as  Captain,  and  Lieut.  Fred  Crofts,  who  had  been 
promoted  from  Sergeant  of  Company  B,  was  assigned  to  Com- 
pany C,  as  Second  Lieutenant,  Samuel  S.  Prime  being  pro- 
moted from  Second  to  First  Lieutenant.  Lieut.  Crofts  was 
soon  transferred  to  Company  I,  and  Second  Lieut.  Edgar  M. 
Newcomb  was  transferred  from  Company  B  to  Company  K, 
being  promoted  from  Sergeant  Major.  First  Lieut.  Henry  A. 
Hale  was  promoted  to  Captain  and  assigned  to  Company  B. 

First  Lieut.  J.  G.  C.  Dodge  was  transferred  from  Co.  C,  to 
Company  D,  and  First  Lieut.  Oliver  F.  Briggs  from  Co.  A,  to 
Co.  E. 

In  Company  I,  Second  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams  was  trans- 
ferred from  Company  A  and  First  Lieut.  William  L.  Palmer 
went  to  Company  D. 

Capt.  Ansel  D.  Wass,  who  had  been  wounded  in  the  action 
of  June  30th,  and  was  absent  in  Massachusetts,  was  promoted 
to  be  Major. 

There  was  a  great  deal  of  sickness  in  the  regiment  at  Harri- 
son's Landing  and  much  homesickness  and  discontent.  The 
camp  of  the  Nineteenth  was  on  the  banks  of  a  beautiful  brook 
and  here  snakes  and  lizards  amused  the  soldiers,  flies  came  to 
rob  them  of  their  peace  of  mind  and  vermin  tried  hard  to  prey 


THE    REST    AT    HARRISON 's    LANDING.  115 

upon  them — in  most  cases  succeeding.  The  water  was  very 
bad  and  extremely  foul  of  odor.  The  weather  was  warm  and 
debilitating  and  the  food  not  such  as  to  add  much  to  the  physi- 
cal strength  of  the  men  who  seemed,  thereby,  to  lose  much  of 
their  stamina. 

Col.  Hinks,  after  being  wounded,  returned  to  Massachusetts 
for  a  brief  period,  and,  while  convalescing,  improved  his  time 
by  eloquent  appeals  to  his  fellow  citizens  to  volunteer  at  the 
call  of  the  Government,  and  spoke  with  great  effect  in  several 
towns  of  the  Commonwealth,  inducing  a  large  number  of  men 
to  enlist. 

On  Aug.  8,  he  returned  to  Harrison's  Landing,  and,  though 
not  recovered  from  his  wounds,  was  immediately  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  Third  Brigade,  composed  of  the  Nineteenth 
and  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  the  Forty-Second  and  Fifty- 
Ninth  New  York,  and  Seventh  Michigan  regiments,  Second  divi- 
sion, Second  Corps;  which  Division  was  assigned  to  cover  the 
retreat  of  the  army  to  the  Chickahominy  River,  upon  its  evacua- 
tion of  Harrison's  Landing. 

Gen.  Halleck,  commander-in-chief,  was  opposed  to  any 
further  demonstrations  against  Richmond  from  the  position 
then  occupied  by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  McClellan,  how- 
ever, insisted  upon  the  plan,  declaring  that  the  rebels  had 
received  a  sincere  chastising  and  that  the  Army  was  ready  and 
anxious  to  again  push  forward.  McClellan 's  purpose  was  to 
cross  the  James  at  Harrison's  Landing,  attack  Petersburg,  and 
cut  off  the  enemy's  communications  by  that  route  south,  mak- 
ing no  further  demonstration  at  that  time  against  Richmond. 
(This  was  exactly  the  plan  adopted  by  Grant  two  years  later, 
by  which  he  took  Richmond  and  destroyed  Lee.)  Halleck, 
however,  deemed  the  idea  "dangerous  and  impracticable"  and 
so,  after  a  stay  of  six  weeks  at  Harrison's  Landing,  during 
which  time  the  army  had  recovered  from  its  losses  and  greatly 
improved  its  condition,  orders  came  for  the  evacuation  of  the 
Peninsula. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

THE    MARCH   DOWN    THE    PENINSULA. 

On  the  1 6th  of  August  the  order  to  ' '  pack  up ' '  was  received 
and  the  baggage  was  sent  down  the  river  to  Fortress  Monroe. 
The  train  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Second  Corps 
was  placed  in  charge  of  Lieut.  John  P  Reynolds,  Jr.,  and  Lieut. 
John  G.  B.  Adams  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment. 
At  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  regiment  fell  in,  ready  for 
the  march,  but  the  final  orders  did  not  arrive  until  nine  o'clock 
the  following  morning.  The  regiment  bivouacked  on  the 
parade  ground  during  the  night  and  the  march  for  Yorktown 
was  begun  at  9.00  A.M.  The  troops  went  by  one  route  and  the 
wagon  trains  by  another.  These  trains  extended  a  distance  of 
40  miles  in  a  single  line. 

The  march  down  the  Peninsula,  as  a  whole,  was  not  hard, 
although  the  dust  was  so  thick  that  the  men  could  not  see  five 
paces  in  front  of  them.  The  road  was  lined  with  dead  horses 
and  the  weather  was  very  hot,  although  pleasant.  The  country 
through  which  the  march  lay  was  beautiful  and  during  much 
of  the  time  the  river  James  was  in  sight.  After  marching  a 
few  miles  on  August  17,  a  halt  was  made  for  the  night.  On  the 
next  day  eighteen  miles  were  covered  and  at  nine  in  the  evening 
the  regiment  came  in  sight  of  the  Chickahominy.  The  river, 
which  had  given  them  so  much  trouble  on  the  onward  march 
to  Richmond  was  now  flowing  peacefully  on,  looking,  in  the 
bright  moonlight,  like  a  silver  ribbon.  Its  banks  were  the 
camping  ground  of  the  regiment  for  the  night  and  on  the  follow- 
ing morning,  soon  after  sunrise,  the  men  crossed  on  a  pontoon 
bridge  at  Banet's  Ferry,  near  its  mouth.  On  the  opposite 
shore  a  halt  of  a  few  hours  was  made  and  some  of  the  men  took 
advantage  of  the  delay  to  go  "swimming."  March  was  re- 
sumed and  in  the  afternoon  the  regiment  went  into  camp  by 
the  side  of  a  mill  pond. 
(116) 


THE    MARCH   DOWN    THE    PENINSULA.  117 

Unlike  the  previous  march,  up  the  peninsula,  when  private 
property  was  rigidly  respected,  now  every  pig,  hen  or  animal 
that  could  be  carried  or  could  be  found  useful  was  taken  along. 
Cornfields  were  stripped  and  orchards  were  cleaned  out. 

On  the  following  day  at  noon  the  regiment  passed  through 
Williamsburg,  a  city  which,  in  times  of  peace,  was  said  to  con- 
tain about  6,000  inhabitants.  Passing  William  and  Mary 
College  and  the  rebel  fortifications  and  the  battlefield  of  the 
5th  of  May,  the  line  was  kept  moving  until  the  Warwick  river 
was  reached,  when  it  went  into  camp  for  the  night.  The  march 
on  the  following  day  brought  them,  at  4  o'clock,  to  near  the 
York  river,  about  a  mile  above  Yorktown  where  camp  was 
made. 

The  first  thing  after  breaking  ranks  was  a  rush  for  the 
river  and  in  a  few  minutes  there  were  thousands  of  men  enjoy- 
*ng  a  bath  in  the  cool  waters  and  fishing  for  oysters  at  the  same 
time.  It  was  a  glorious  treat  to  wash  off  the  accumulation  of 
dust,  and  it  made  a  great  change  in  the  complexions  of  the 
men.  Going  into  the  water  with  faces  like  dirty  Mongolians, 
they  came  out  Caucasians.  Oysters  and  quahaugs  were  plenti- 
ful and  the  men  enjoyed  a  rich  supper  of  them,  with  side  dishes 
of  roast  corn,  shell  beans  and  sweet  potatoes. 

While  the  men  were  enjoying  their  bath  and  gathering  the 
shell  fish,  they  were  ordered  to  at  once  return  to  their  companies 
and  form  for  dress  parade.  This  order  was  an  astonishing  one, 
as  dress  parade  during  a  long  march  had  never  been  heard  of. 
There  were  many  mental  objections,  but,  tired  as  they  were 
after  the  hard  march,  the  men  started  to  clean  up  as  so  to  make 
a  respectable  appearance,  as  they  knew  from  past  experience 
that  they  would  have  a  good  audience  to  witness  their  exempli- 
fication of  the  manual  of  arms. 

At  the  dress  parade  there  was,  indeed,  a  large  audience  and 
such  a  one  as  the  men  had  not  looked  for.  It  seemed  as  if  the 
officers  of  the  entire  Corps  were  present,  and  half  the  men.  Gen. 
Dana,  commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, Gen.  Gorman  of  the  First 
and  Gen.  Burns  of  the  Second,  with  Gen.  Sedgwick,  the  Division 
Commander,  and  their  staffs  were  there.  "Something's  Up," 
said  one  of  the  Nineteenth  and  all  felt  that  they  were  expected  to 


118     THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

do  their  best.  Perfectly  willing  to  "show  off"  before  such  an 
audience,  they  spanked  their  muskets  around  in  excellent  style 
and  received  an  approving  cheer  when  their  involuntary  exhibi- 
tion was  concluded.  Later,  the  men  were  told  that  they  had 
been  pitted  against  the  First  Minnesota,  the  generals  of  the  First 
and  Third  Brigades  having  made  a  bet  of  $100  on  their  favorite 
regiments. 

It  was  expected  that  transports  would  be  taken  at  this  point 
for  Washington  or  some  other  point  and  the  men  turned  in  that 
night  expecting  a  good  rest,  but  there  is  nothing  in  this  uncer- 
tain world  more  uncertain  than  a  soldier's  life,  and  this  night 
proved  to  be  no  exception,  for  at  11  o'clock  the  regiment  was 
routed  out,  rationed,  and  started  at  daybreak  for  Hampton. 
The  day  was  extremely  hot,  the  march  steady  and  rapid;  not 
much  like  the  one  made  in  the  preceeding  May  over  the  same 
road,  which  instead  of  being  of  mud  ankle  deep  was  now  dry  and 
dusty. 

On  the  following  day,  August  22,  Newport  News  was 
reached  at  11  o'clock.  The  last  few  miles  of  the  journey  had  been 
marched  through  rain,  which  fell  in  torrents  and  the  men  were 
thoroughly  soaked  through,  but  in  a  few  hours  the  sun  came  out 
and  dried  them  off.    Here,  again,  they  feasted  on  shell  fish. 

During  Saturday  and  Sunday  the  regiment  lay  in  camp 
and;from  its  position  the  masts  of  the  sunken  "Cumberland" 
could  be  seen  in  the  roadstead. 

At  this  point  Lieut.  Hume,  of  Company  K,  who  had  re- 
turned from  Richmond  as  an  exchanged  prisoner,  made  his 
appearance  at  the  regimental  camp  and  received  a  hearty  greet- 
ing. Col.  Hinks  first  assigned  him  into  Company  B,  but  as  he 
desired  to  be  with  his  comrades  of  Company  K  it  was  made 
possible  by  placing  Second  Lieut.  Newcomb,  who  had  been 
given  his  (Hume's)  position,  in  Company  C.  Newcomb  found 
there  in  Capt.  Bachelder,  Harvard  '59,  a  kindred  spirit  and 
many  were  the  good  times  they  had  in  the  evenings  together 
during  the  brief  time  before  Antietam. 

Col.  Hinks  was  here  placed  again  in  command  of  the 
Brigade  and  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  took  command  of  the  regi- 
ment. 


THE    MARCH   DOWN   THE    PENINSULA.  119 

The  roster  shows  that  First  Lieut.  James  H.  Rice  of  Com- 
pany F,  Capt.  Charles  U.  Devereux,  of  Company  H  and  Second 
Lieut.  Fred  F.  Crofts,  of  Company  I,  were  absent  in  Massa- 
chusetts, suffering  from  wounds,  and  Major  Wass  had  not  yet 
returned. 

First  Lieut.  Oliver  F.  Briggs  was  the  acting  regimental 
quartermaster.  Two  promotions  had  occurred  during  the 
month  of  August:  First  Sergt.  William  R.  Driver,  of  Company 
H  being  advancedto  Second  Lieutenant  and  First  Sergt.  Thomas 
Claffey,  of  Company  G,  to  the  same  rank. 

The  men  of  Company  K  were  saddened  by  the  information 
that  privates  Thomas  Grieve,  Jacob  Grau,  Frank  Hunter  and 
John  Hogan,  —  reported  "Missing  in  Action" —  June  25  and 
July  1,  Were  languishing  in  Libby  Prison. 

The  embarkation  of  the  army  from  the  Peninsula  took 
place  from  three  points,  simultaneously, — Yorktown,  Fortress 
Monroe  and  Newport  News.  Every  conceivable  thing  that 
would  float  was  brought  into  requisition, — steamers,  trans- 
ports, ferry  boats,  tugs,  schooners,  barges,  flatboats  and  scows. 
The  waters  at  each  of  these  points  were  black  with  them.  The 
ten  thousand  sick  and  wounded  had  first  to  be  provided  for,  and 
this  necessitated  much  correspondence  between  Halleck  and 
McClellan.  The  former  worried  at  what  he  was  pleased  to  con- 
sider delay,  on  account  of  Pope's  movement  at  the  head  of  the 
newly  formed  Army  of  Virginia  which  needed  the  co-operation 
of  McClellan 's  army,  and  the  latter  insisted  that  no  earthly 
power  could  do  better  with  the  inadequate  transportation  at 
this  command,  which  he  requested  should  be  increased. 

The  Second  Army  Corps  of  Sumner  was  the  last  to  leave 
the  Peninsula.  The  rest  of  two  days  had  done  much  toward 
recuperating  the  men,  and  on  Monday  morning,  August  25,  the 
Third  Brigade  embarked  on  the  transport  "Atlantic"  and  were 
taken  to  Aquia  Creek,  stopping  a  few  hours  at  Fortress  Monroe, 
where  the  men  had  an  opportunity  to  inspect  the  big  guns.  The 
trip  on  the  transport  was  a  lively  one.  There  were  100  officers 
in  the  cabin  and  2000  men  wherever  they  could  find  place  to 
stand.  The  three  days'  rations  which  the  men  were  supposed 
to  have,  gave  out,  and  the  hard  tack  and  pork  was  stored  at  the 


120  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

bottom  of  the  brigade  wagon.     The  men  were  clamorous  fo 
food  and  resorted  to  all  sorts  of  expedients  to  get  it. 

One  soldier,  looking  through  the  skylight  of  the  cook's 
galley,  saw  a  pan  of  biscuit  resting  temptingly  beneath.  He 
procured  a  musket,  fixed  the  bayonet  and,  reaching  down, 
punched  it  through  the  pan  and  drew  it  up,  biscuits  and  all,  and 
had  a  "square  meal."  Others  watched  the  waiter  when  he 
started  for  the  officers'  quarters  with  their  dinner  and  took  it 
away  from  him.  This  made  the  Captain  of  the  boat  very  angry 
and  some  effort  was  then  made  to  feed  the  hungry  soldiers. 
Some  hard  bread  and  a  barrel  of  sugar  was  served  out  and,  so 
hungry  were  they,  that  many  made  themselves  ill  by  eating  too 
much. 

Beside  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  there  was  on  board 
the  Forty-Second  and  Fifty-Ninth  New  York  regiments. 

On  August  27,  Aquia  Creek  was  reached  and  at  4  P.M. 
the  regiment  landed  at  Alexandria,  hungry  and  dejected,  and 
in  ill  humor  with  everything  and  everybody.  This  was  not 
diminished  any  when  the  men  were  laughed  at  by  a  new  Massa- 
chusetts regiment  which  was  just  going  to  the  front.  Many  of  the 
new  ones  were  heard  to  complain  because  they  had  received  no 
butter  since  they  left  home  and  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  cheer- 
fully told  them  they  would  find  ' '  stacks  "  of  it  at  the  front.  The 
regiment  marched  three  miles  outside  of  the  city  and  halted  in 
an  open  field  just  in  time  to  experience  the  full  force  of  a  southern 
shower. 

At  Alexandria  the  much  needed  clothes  were  issued  and 
also  rations  of  soft  instead  of  hard  tack,  the  first  soft  bread  the 
men  had  seen  since  leaving  Washington  in  the  early  spring. 
On  the  next  day,  Aug.  28,  at  5  P.M.  they  were  ordered  to  start 
for  Chain  Bridge,  17  miles  distant,  to  occupy  the  forts  at  that 
point.  Halting  at  one  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  regiment 
bivouacked  until  5  o'clock  and  was  then  marched  to  the  vicinity 
of  the  bridge  and  halted  near  Fort  Ethan  Allen,  which  the  men 
had  an  opportunity  to  inspect.  Dana's  Brigade,  Col.  Hinks 
commanding,  was  ordered  at  noon  of  that  day,  however,  to 
march  to  Tenallytown,  ten  miles  distant.  Men  fell  by  the  way 
from  fatigue  and  hunger,  for  since  leaving  Harrison's  Landing 


THE    MARCH    DOWN'    THE    PENINSULA.  121 

they  had  received  only  one  ration  other  than  coffee  and  hard 
bread.  Their  strength,  enfeebled  by  Peninsula  experience,  was 
more  sorely  taxed  than  ever  before. 


The  following  ietter  gives  an  idea  of  the  condition  of  the 
organization  at  this  time, — just  one  year  from  the  day  the  regi- 
ment left  Massachusetts: 


Headquarters,  19th  Regt.  Mass.  Vols. 
Camp  near  Alexandria,  Va., 

August  29th,  1862. 

To  His  Excellency,  John  A.  Andrew, 
Governor  of  Massachusetts, 

Sir: 

The  condition  of  this  regiment  requires  three  hundred 
and  thirty-two  (332)  men  to  fill  it  to  the  standard.  I  respect- 
fully request  that  number  of  men  may  be  forwarded  as 
speedily  as  possible. 

Very  respectfully, 

A.  F.  Devereux,  Lieut.  Col.  Com'd'g. 

On  the  bottom  of  this  letter  was  written  the  following: 

Headquarters  near  Muddy  Branch,  Md. 

September  7th,  1862. 
Governor: 

The  above  mentioned  number  of  recruits  are  required  to 
fill  our  regiment  to  "maximum  on  paper,"  but  six  hundred 
recruits  will  be  required  to  fill  it  to  the  maximum  in  the  field, 
as  we  have  a  large  number  absent  (wounded,  sick,  etc.,)  who 
will  never  rejoin  us. 

E.  W   Hinks, 

Colonel,  19th  Mass.  Vols. 


Fresh  from  the  trials  of  the  Chickahominy  and  the  Seven 
Days  Retreat,  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  a  rough  looking 
lot.  The  contrast  between  them  and  the  neatly  dressed,  spick 
and  span  "three-months"  men  in  garrison  at  Tenallytown  was 


122  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

great.  As  the  Nineteenth  stopped  at  this  town,  one  of  the  ninety- 
day  men  asked  "Who's  that  fellow?"  pointing  to  Lieut.  James 
G.  C.  Dodge,  of  Company  F,  who  stood  near,  arrayed  in  a 
soldier's  blouse.  "That,"  said  the  man  addressed,  "is  our 
lieutenant." 

"The  Devil!  Well,  he'd  be  a  rough  customer  to.  meet  in 
the  woods  alone."  (Those  who  knew  Lieut.  Dodge's  5  feet 
3  inches  best  will  appreciate  this  remark  most.) 

The  command  had  just  reached  Tenallytown  when  orders 
were  received  to  join  Dana's  Brigade  at  Centreville  immediately 
and  assist  Gen.  Pope.  This  meant  another  long  march,  but 
the  men  were  in  such  an  exhausted  condition  they  were  allowed 
to  sleep  until  2  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  they  were  aroused 
and  the  tramp  began.  Rain  soon  began  to  fall  and  the  acquaint- 
ance with  Virginia  mud  was  renewed.  Aqueduct  Bridge,  over 
the  Potomac  at  Georgetown,  was  crossed  at  daybreak  and  at 
3  P.M.  a  halt  was  made  in  a  field  with  the  rain  still  falling 
heavily. 

In  consequence  of  reports  to  the  effect  that  guerillas  had 
attacked  a  train  which  the  regiment  had  passed  an  hour  or  so 
before,  Col.  Hinks  posted  the  men  in  line  of  battle  across  the 
road,  faced  to  the  rear  and  waited  for  the  enemy  to  appear.  As 
none  came,  he  resumed  the  march  for  Fairfax  Court  House, 
arriving  there  on  the  next  morning  at  daybreak,  the  men  having 
by  that  time  marched  63  miles  in  64  consecutive  hours,  24  of 
which  had  been  in  drenching  rain. 

The  regiment  was  left  at  Fairfax  Court  House,  an  extremely 
exposed  point,  to  avert  a  threatened  attack  from  the  enemy's 
cavalry,  while  the  rest  of  the  brigade  hurried  on  to  German- 
town,  where  they  arrived  just  in  time  to  participate  in  the  fight 
at  Chantilly,  which  took  place  during  a  terrible  thunderstorm.. 
But  it  was  too  late.  In  the  dire  moment  they  came  upon  a 
lost  field.  Although  finally  defeated,  the  troops  were  able  to 
maintain  their  position  until  after  dark  and  then  orders  were 
given  for  the  march  of  the  entire  army  back  to  the  fortifications 
of  Washington. 

On  Monday,  Sept.  1,  the  Union  Army,  falling  back  to 
Washington,   entered  Fairfax   Court   House.     Porter's,   Sigels' 


THE    MARCH    DOWN    THE    PENINSULA.  123 

and  Sumner's  corps  marched  to  Chain  Bridge  by  the  Flint  Hill 
and  the  Vienna  roads.  Without  time  even  to  make  coffee,  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  ordered  out  and  deployed  as 
skirmishers  to  the  right  of  the  town,  as  it  was  expected  that  the 
rebel  cavalry  would  attack  the  flank.  They  remained  there 
until  the  entire  army  had  passed.  Then  the  Nineteenth  Massa- 
chusetts and  the  First  Minnesota  regiments  were  selected  as  the 
rear  guard  for  Porter's,  Sigel's  and  Sumner's  Corps  and  were 
placed  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Oliver  O.  Howard.  Col. 
Hinks,  who  was  in  command  of  the  rest  of  Dana's  Brigade,  was 
chosen  with  his  command  as  the  rear  guard  of  the  other  column. 
The  two  regiments  started  at  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  to 
bring  up  the  rear  of  their  column.  There  were  a  number  of 
ambulances  and  wagons  on  the  road  with  a  squadron  of  cavalry 
in  their  rear.  The  regiments  had  been  instructed  to  follow 
the  column  just  inside  the  woods  and  the  Nineteenth  was  just 
entering  them  when  a  shell  came  whistling  over  their  heads. 
The  horses  in  the  wagons  ahead  were  frightened  and  attempted 
to  run.  The  cavalry  horses  took  the  cue  and  in  an  instant  the 
mounted  force  started.  Their  officers,  however,  were  cool 
and  prevented  a  panic  among  the  ambulances.  As  it  was, 
these  started  off  as  though  bound  for  Washington  with  sealed 
despatches,  but  were  soon  stopped. 

The  shell  fire  was  continued  and  the  regiment  had  to  march 
several  times  its  length  directly  in  the  line  of  fire,  but  the  men 
moved  as  steadily  as  if  on  dress  parade.  The  officers  suffered 
most,  as  their  darkey  servants  could  not  stand  the  noise  of  the 
shells  and,  heavily  laden  as  they  were,  with  knapsacks,  blankets, 
etc.,  could  not  easily  run,  so  they  unloaded  as  fast  as  possible 
and  the  field  was  strewn  with  articles,  while  the  darkies  hastened 
to  the  woods.  Once  sheltered,  the  regiment  waited  a  few  minutes 
for  the  trains  to  move  off  and  then  followed  at  a  fair  pace.  Lieut. 
Col.  Devereux  had  received  a  shell  wound  on  the  left  knee,  but 
kept  to  the  saddle.  Fortunately  no  men  were  lost,  although 
several  were  hit  and  Gen.  Howard  mentioned  in  his  report  that 
"the  coolness  and  perfect  quietness  and  absence  of  any  hurry 
or  confusion  was  most  gratifying  to  see." 

As  the  enemy's  cavalry  continued  their  pursuit,  the  two 


124  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

regiments  forming  the  rear  guard  were  halted  and  placed 
at  right  angles  to  the  road,  and  Tompkin's  Rhode  Island 
battery  was  placed  directly  in  the  road  with  the  muzzles  of  the 
pieces,  loaded  with  canister,  covering  its  ascent.  The  enemy, 
after  waiting  some  time,  evidently  concluded,  because  of  the 
absolute  silence,  that  the  retreat  had  been  continued.  A  regi- 
ment of  cavalry  was  marched  down  the  road,  undoubtedly  with 
the  expectation  of  finding  the  troops  in  full  retreat  and  conse- 
quently unable  to  form  and  get  into  line.  The  battery  fired 
twice  at  them  and  many  saddles  were  emptied.  Pursuit 
from  that  time  on  was  given  up. 

After  resting  for  some  time,  in  order  to  be  sure  that  no  one 
was  pursuing,  General  Howard,  with  his  orderlies,  rode  back, 
leaving  orders  for  the  two  regiments  to  find  their  way  until  they 
made  the  junction  with  the  Corps.  With  the  First  Minnesota 
in  front  and  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  in  the  rear,  the 
march  was  taken  up  and  there  was  no  incident  until  they  reached 
the  rest  of  the  corps.  The  First  Minnesota,  in  advance,  reached 
them  first  and  were  recognized  as  part  of  the  rear  guard.  It  is 
the  general  belief,  since  the  war,  that  they  were  thought  to  be 
the  whole  of  the  rear  guard. 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  coming  slowly,  feeling 
safe  from  attack  in  the  rear.  It  caught  up  with  the  main  column 
and  marched  naturally  along. 

What  occurred  has  never  been  fully  explained  and  probably 
never  will  be.  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  in  direct  command  of  the 
regiment  at  that  time  says: 

"The  regiment  in  the  rear  of  the  Second  Corps  imagined 
that  the  rear  guard  had  passed  and  when  the  Nineteenth  came 
up  it  was  mistaken  for  a  pursuing  force,  on  which  they  opened 
fire  immediately.  We  lost  11  of  our  men  and  Assistant  Surgeon 
John  E.  Hill,  of  Charlestown  was  fatally  wounded,  dying  a  few 
days  later.  The  Nineteenth,  of  course,  were  taken  entirely  by 
surprise  and  made  no  return  fire.  They  were  under  perfect 
control." 

There  were  many  stories  as  to  how  this  unfortunate  inci- 
dent occurred.  Gen.  Howard  states  that  it  is  his  belief  that  a 
horse  stepped  upon  a  musket,  discharging  it,  and  thus  causing 


THE   MARCH    DOWN   THE       PENINSULA.  125 

a  panic  among  horses  and  men.  During  the  excitement,  the 
horse  of  Capt.  Russell,  of  Company  D,  fell  under  him  and  he 
was  somewhat  bruised. 

On  the  day  after  reaching  the  fortifications  around  the 
Capitol,  the  Nineteenth  was  ordered  into  one  of  them  and  there 
was  great  joy  at  the  expectation  that  for  the  first  time  in  their 
experience  they  were  to  have  a  "soft  job."  Up  to  that  time 
the  regiment  had  never  known  anything  but  the  camp,  the 
field,  the  march  and  the  battle.  About  half  of  the  men  had  gone 
inside  the  fort  when  orders  were  received  directing  the  brigade 
to  join  the  army.  The  regiment  was  obliged  instantly  to  counter- 
march and  so,  for  just  once  in  its  entire  service,  it  was  inside 
a  fort  for  a  period,  counting  the  coming  in  and  going  out,  of 
probably  ten  minutes.  They  had  never  known  shelter  before 
and  did  not  again. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

TO    SOUTH    MOUNTAIN    AND    ANTIETAM. 

The  troops  were  not  in  good  health  or  spirits,  but  a  few 
days  in  Maryland  would  do  much  for  them. 

Rumors  were  soon  afloat  that  Lee  was  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland.  Lee  had  received  the  thanks  of  the  Confederate 
Congress  for  his  brilliant  achievements  and  with  his  trusted 
Lieutenant  Generals,  Jackson  and  Longstreet,  crossed  the 
Potomac  near  the  scene  of  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  threatening 
both  Washington  and  Baltimore.  He  ma  ched  into  Frederick 
City,  Md.  and  issued  his  proclamation  to  the  citizens  of  Mary- 
land on  Sept.  7 

Meanwhile  the  command  of  the  Union  Army,  including 
both  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Army  of  Virginia,  from 
which  Pope  had  just  been  relieved,  passed  quietly  again  into 
the  hands  of  McClellan.  He  at  once  took  the  field  again  to 
re-organize  the  forces,  and  started  in  pursuit  of  Lee.  The 
restoration  of  McClellan  contributed  a  healthy  enthusiasm  and 
on  Sept.  7  the  Army  moved  in  three  columns,  the  right  wing 
under  Burnside,  the  centre  under  Sumner  and  the  left  under 
Franklin. 

Col.  Hinks  having  been  relieved  of  the  command  of  the 
Brigade  by  the  return  of  Gen.  Dana,  took  command  of  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  as  it  started  on  the  march  which 
brought  it  finally  to  South  Mountain  and  Antietam. 

The  weather  was  warm,  the  regiment  had  no  tents  and  the 
rations  were  not  good,  still  they  were  on  Maryland  soil.  When 
the  regiment  reached  Rockville,  Sept.  8,  they  spent  one  night 
there  and  many  of  the  officers  visited  the  Massachusetts  regiments 
of  Pope's  Army.  It  was  a  revelation  to  hear  their  brothers  of 
Pope's  Army  talk  politics  at  such  a  time. 

The  march  was  resumed  in  the  morning  and  continued 
(126) 


TO    SOUTH    MOUNTAIN    AND    ANTIETAM.  127 

slowly  forward.  Millbury  was  reached  on  Sept.  9,  Clarksburg 
on  the  10th  and  Urbana  on  the  12th.  Fences  suffered  some- 
what during  the  march,  being  used  for  cooking  purposes  only, 
the  weather  being  so  warm  that  no  other  fires  were  needed. 
vSometimes  on  picket,  sometimes  on  the  march,  the  column 
gradually  neared  Frederick  City. 

Here  and  there  traces  of  the  rebels  were  found  and,  on  the 
whole,  they  did  not  seem  to  have  left  a  very  good  impression  on 
the  soil  or  in  the  hearts  of  the  Marylanders.  Once  in  a  while 
a  fellow  in  a  grey  coat  was  discovered,  worn,  sick  and  dispirited 
by  the  fatigue  and  exposure  he  had  suffered,  but  there  were  not 
many  of  them,  as  their  discipline  was  severe  and  they  were  forced 
to  go  as  long  as  it  was  possible  for  them  to  move. 

The  regiment  marched  through  Frederick  City  on  Sept. 
12,  two  days  after  the  Confederates  had  left  it,  and  camped  on 
the  outskirts.  Here  the  command  was  brought  into  "close 
column  by  division,"  and  a  rigid  order  against  foraging  was 
read.  Lee's  proclamation  of  a  few  days  before  had  been 
couched  in  terms  which  he  thought  would  cause  the  citizens  of 
Maryland  to  rally  about  the  Confederate  flag  and  it  was  probably 
thought  wise  to  restrain  any  undue  trespass  by  the  Union  forces. 

Lieut.  Reynolds  had  brought  with  him  from  the  Peninsula 
a  colored  boy  named  Henry  Johnson  who  had  acquired  a  repu- 
tation for  keeping  the  officers  of  the  Lieutenant's  mess  well 
supplied  with  the  necessities  of  life.  While  the  Adjutant  was 
reading  this  order  prohibiting  foraging,  Henry  was  seen  coming 
toward  the  regiment,  showing  his  ivory  and  "toting"  an  earthen 
pot  of  butter  under  each  arm,  fresh  from  a  neighboring  dairy 
or  spring  house.  The  effort  to  beckon  him  out  of  the  way  was 
comical  but  strategic.  The  officers  managed  to  make  good 
use  of  the  butter.  It  was  too  much  of  a  luxury  to  part  with, 
orders  or  no  orders. 

On  the  morning  of  the  14th  camp  was  broken  and  the 
march  resumed,  but  only  the  commanders  knew  what  the  ob- 
jective point  was.  There  were  rumors  that  it  was  Harper's 
Ferry,  the  Potomac  river,  and  other  places.  At  first  the  road 
lay  along  the  level  "Pleasant  Valley"  and  was  very  smooth 
and  delightful  in  the  fresh   autumn  air.      After  a  march  of  a 


128  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

couple  of  miles,  orders  were  issued  to  retrace  the  steps  as  the 
regiment  was  on  the  wrong  road.  This  order  did  not  please 
the  men,  but  soon  the  command  began  to  ascend  a  steep  and 
high  hill.  For  a  good  part  of  the  way  up  the  road  was  well 
shaded  by  large  trees,  making  it  cool  and  refreshing  when  the 
sun  became  high.  There  were  frequent  openings  between  the 
trees  which  presented  charming  pictures  of  the  beautiful  valley 
below. 

The  regiment  moved  at  a  very  quick  pace,  considering  the 
steepness  of  the  ascent.  Song  and  joke  no  longer  enlivened  the 
march. 

The  army  of  McClellan  was  moving  in  three  colamns, — 
one  in  the  road  and  the  others  across  country  on  each  side  of  the 
road.  It  was  the  custom  to  have  a  column  take  the  road  on  one 
day  and  the  field  the  next,  so  that  once  in  three  days  each  column 
had  the  easier  route  along  the  highway.  The  order  of  march 
was  "Route  Step"  which  simply  meant  "go  as  you  please," 
keeping  up  the  general  formation  but  relaxing  tension  and 
carrying  the  musket  in  the  easiest  position.  If  a  fellow  kicked 
up  too  much  of  a  dust  in  this  way,  however,  he  had  to  "settle" 
with  those  immediately  behind  him.  When  the  bugle  sounded 
"Attention"  from  the  head  of  the  column,  every  gun  was  brought 
to  the  "Carry,"  the  formation  was  regulated  and  everyone 
within  sound  of  the  bugle  listened,  wondering  what  was  up. 

It  was  customary  to  march  forty  minutes  and  rest  twenty 
in  each  hour  and  the  order  "Halt"  was  never  misunderstood. 
In  an  instant  the  men  sought  the  nearest  tree  on  either  side  of 
the  road  and,  lying  flat  on  their  backs,  to  which  their  knap- 
sacks were  strapped,  dropped  off  to  sleep.  At  times  the  artillery 
or  cavalry,  discovering  the  road  clear,  would  "heave  ahead," 
clattering  over  the  ground  to  make  a  "lap,"  arousing  the  sleepers, 
burying  them  in  dust  and  worrying  their  own  poor  horses  who 
were  equally  as  tired.  At  such  times  there  was  much  good 
natured  chaffing  between  the  infantry  and  the  mounted  troops. 

Little  by  little,  the  trees  seemed  smaller  and  further  apart 
and  evidently  the  top  of  the  hill  was  not  far  away.  Suddenly 
the  sound  of  distant  cannon  broke  the  stillness.  Another  fol- 
lowed almost  immediately  and  was  re-echoed  again  and  again. 


TO    SOUTH    MOUNTAIN    AND    ANTIETAM.  129 

' '  Cannon,  evidently  shotted:  then  we  shall  see  the  enemy  soon. ' ' 
The  tread  of  the  tired  soldiers  became  firm  and  elastic,  their 
eyes  flashed  and  they  closed  up.  The  road  became  a  broad 
avenue  toward  the  enemy.  The  heat  was  forgotten.  Again  a 
report,  and  they  fancied  they  could  hear  the  shriek  of  the  shell 
as  it  hurtled  through  the  air. 

At  last  the  summit  was  reached.  A  beautiful  valley  lay 
peacefully  at  the  foot, — a  splendid  picture.  Here  and  there  a 
farmhouse  and  other  buildings  dotted  the  landscape.  The  hill 
where  the  regiment  stood  seemed  to  extend  to  the  right  around  th  e 
valley  and  encircle  it  entirely,  except  for  a  little  opening  on  the 
left.  To  the  right  were  undulating  plains,  with  groves  and  farms 
and  ripening  grain  in  large  yellow  patches,  waving  in  the  soft 
breeze.  To  the  left  was  the  South  Mountain,  five  or  six  miles 
distant,  across  the  valley  and  on  its  declivity  bodies  of  men 
could  be  discerned  and  little  puffs  of  smoke  showed  the  artil- 
lery's position  as  the  troops  shifted  and  fought  for  possession 
of  the  pass.  The  men  could  see  the  explosion  of  shells  off  to 
the  right,  over  the  woods  which  evidently  sheltered  the  oppos- 
ing force,   whether  Union  or  Rebel,  they  did  not  know 

Just  a  moment's  halt  for  breath  was  given  and  then  the 
descent  was  begun,  at  a  much  faster  pace  than  that  at  which 
the  ascent  had  been  made.  Although  it  seemed  but  a  step  across 
the  valley  it  was  in  reality  several  miles  by  the  winding  road. 
Before  the  regiment  reached  the  foot  of  the  hill,  it  was  turned 
abruptly  to  the  right  and  advanced  toward  the  Rebel  position. 
Now  and  then  the  sound  of  musketry  was  heard  and  the  artillery 
still  kept  up  the  firing,  making  good  music  to  march  by  At 
last,  "Halt"  was  ordered,  in  a  wheat  field  in  full  view  of  the 
battle,  and  the  men  expected  to  be  allowed  to  pass  the  night 
where  they  were,  but  the  sun  was  just  setting  when  another 
order  came  to  "Fall  in"  and  the  march  was  resumed.  Across 
a  little  brook  and  to  1he  other  side  of  the  valley  was  but  a  short 
march  and  the  regiment  soon  halted  in  the  vicinity  of  the  troops 
who  had  been  fighting  that  day  and  on  the  very  spot  where  the 
batteries  had  been  seen  in  the  afternoon.  The  body  of  Gen. 
Reno  had  been  carried  by  them  on  the  road  and  here  they 
learned  that   Gen.   Burnside  had  carried  the  heights.      It  was 


130  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

this  conflict  that  the  men  had  witnessed  as  they  reached  the 
summit  of  the  hill. 

On  the  following  morning,  Sept.  15,  the  regiment  was 
ordered  up  the  road  where  Burnside's  troops  had  charged  the 
day  before.  The  hill  was  very  steep.  When  the  summit  was 
reached  a  halt  of  some  duration  was  made.  The  view  of  "Pleas- 
ant Valley"  from  this  point  was  very  beautiful  and  when  ' '  Jack" 
Adams  began  a  song,  the  whole  regiment  added  its  chorus  of 
voices.  Meanwhile  several  of  the  generals  held  a  consultation 
in  what  had  been  an  old  hotel  and  in  which,  on  the  previous 
day,  the  Rebel  headquarters  had  been  established. 

Many  of  the  Rebel  dead  were  lying  about,  stiff  and  stark, 
in  their  dirty-white  uniforms.  Cartridge  boxes,  cartridges, 
broken  bayonets  and  knapsacks,  cooking  utensils  and  clothing 
strewed  the  ground,  much  of  the  latter  having  been  taken  from 
the  merchants  of  Frederick  City  and  other  towns  through  which 
the  Confederate  Army  had  passed.  Soon  the  regiment  was  on 
the  march  after  the  retreating  "Rebs, "  toward  Boonesboro. 
All  along  the  road  were  found  evidences  of  their  hasty  departure. 
Most  of  their  wounded  had  been  removed  and  when  Boones- 
boro was  reached  the  little  church  there  was  found  to  be  filled 
with  them,  and  they  were  being  tenderly  cared  for  by  the  ladies 
of  the  place.  Boonesboro  seemed  to  be  Union  in  sentiment. 
Everyone  was  at  the  door  or  window  to  see  the  troops  pass  and 
all  the  pails  and  other  articles  that  would  hold  water  were  placed 
at  their  service.  The  inhabitants  had  not  been  pleased  by 
even  their  very  brief  acquaintances  with  the  "Johnnies." 

This  was  the  only  town  in  which  the  inhabitants  evinced 
any  desire  to  receive  the  Union  troops  cordially. 

"On  to  Keedysville"  was  the  order,  and  in  the  afternoon 
of  Sept.  16,  this  little  place  on  Antietam  Creek  was  reached. 

During  this  march  the  infantry  column  was  pressed  over 
to  the  side  of  the  road  to  give  a  cavalry  force  the  right  of  way  in 
pursuit  of  the  retreating  rebel  column.  Each  trooper  had,  in 
addition  to  his  carbine  and  sabre,  his  haversack  with  his  own 
lation,  also  his  canteen,  and  a  ration  of  forage,  in  the  shape  of  a 
bundle  of  hay,  for  his  horse.     As  they  went  clattering  and  bang- 


TO    SOUTH    MOUNTAIN    AND    ANTIETAM.  131 

ing  along,  the  ration  of  forage  bobbed  first  to  one  side  of  the 
horse  and  then  to  the  other. 

All  this  was  fun  for  the  infantry  and  the  usual  badinage 
broke  out. 

"Say — give  us  that  for  a  pillow." 

"See  here,  I  want  to  set  a  hen." 

' '  Well,  set  her  and  be  d ' ' 

"Why  don't  you  set  on  it?" 

"Why  don't  you  keep  a  pig?" 

"Say — Your  tail's  on  fire." 

"Well,  yours  ain't.  Why  don't  you  go  ahead?  What 
are  you  afraid  of  ? 

"Where  are  you  goin'  with  that  kite  bobbin'  ?" 

"Come  on  and  see." 

This  is  but  a  sample  of  the  good  natured  jollying  that  was 
carried  on. 

When  the  column  finally  halted,  the  regiment  rested  on  the 
side  of  the  hill  along  the  Sharpsburg  road,  as  well  as  it  could 
during  the  rest  of  the  day,  watched  the  artillery  duel  and  the 
constant  arrival  of  troops,  and  drew  rations  of  food  and  ammu- 
nition. The  enemy  seemed  to  know  that  the  men  were  there 
and  sent  leaden  messengers  over  the  hill  every  few  minutes  to 
find  them,  but  although  these  made  a  great  deal  of  noise,  they 
did  no  harm  to  the  Nineteenth. 

There  was  a  sharp  skirmish  between  Hooker's  left  and  the 
enemy  during  the  afternoon,  but  without  result  except  that 
Hooker  established  his  lines  to  attack  the  enemy  in  the  morning. 
Gen.  Mansfield's  Corps  was  sent  across  Antietam  Creek  during 
the  night  to  join  him. 

On  the  night  of  Sept.  16,  1862,  while  the  destiny  of  a  nation 
remained  undecided,  and  while  the  fate  of  a  multitude  of  soldiers 
was  obviously  pending,  it  is  not  strange  that  the  minds  of  the 
combatants  were  imbued  with  unusual  solemnity.  Lossing 
remarks  that  "the  night  of  the  16th  was  passed  by  both  armies 
with  the  expectation  of  a  heavy  battle  in  the  morning.  Few 
officers  found  relief  from  anxiety,  for  it  was  believed  by  many 
that  it  might  be  the  turning  point  of  the  war." 

Capt.  George  W    Bachelder  and  Second  Lieut.  Edgar  M. 


132      THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT 

Newcomb  of  Company  C  were  fast  friends  and  as  they  were 
about  to  turn  in  for  night,  on  this  eve  of  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
Bachelder  asked  his  junior  officer,  as  he  sat  reading  his  Bible, 
to  read  a  chapter  aloud.  Surprised  at  the  captain's  request, 
he  happily  complied  and  was  asked  to  continue  until  several 
chapters  had  been  read.  Then,  under  the  same  blanket,  they 
lay  down  to  rest,  but  not  to  sleep,  for  Capt.  Bachelder,  as  if 
forewarned  of  the  fate  which  was  to  be  his  within  a  few  hours, 
talked  as  he  never  had  before  to  Newcomb  in  regard  to  the 
affairs  of  the  company;  telling  him,  among  other  things,  of 
certain  money,  "The  Company  Fund,"  which  he  had  from 
time  to  time  sent  home  to  his  father  in  Lynn  for  safe  keeping, 
-advising  him  in  regard  to  matters  pertaining  to  the  company 
and  making  in  general  such  arrangements  as  one  would  make 
if  taking  leave  of  them  'forever.  f|Then  they  slept, — Capt. 
Bachelder  his  last  on  earth,  for  he  was  killed  in  the  battle  of 
the  following  day;  Newcomb  being  spared,  but  to  answer  the 
final  summons  in  the  next  battle, — Fredericksburg. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

m 

THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM. 

On  the  morning  of  Sept.  17  at  2  A.M.  Reveille  was  sounded 
and  breakfast  was  at  once  prepared.  Soon  after,  heavy  firing 
was  heard  in  front  and  it  was  known  that  Hooker  was  ' '  at  them ' ' 
with  the  gallant  First  and  Twelfth  Corps.  At  7.30  o'clock  the 
regiment  fell  in  and  learned  that  it  was  going  with  Sumner's  Corp 
to  the  support  of  Hooker  and  Mansfield.  Upon  Burnside  had 
been  imposed  the  task  of  carrying  the  Stone  Bridge  opposite 
Lee's  right  flank  and  of  intruding  his  Corps  between  Lee's  right 
wing  and  the  river.  He  failed.  The  work  that  should  have 
been  done  at  9  o'clock  in  the  morning  was  not  done  until  2.30 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon  and  the  fruits  of  victory  were  lost. 

Sumner,  in  his  position  at;  the  centre  of  the  line,  received 
orders  from  Gen.  McClellan  at  7.20^A.  M.  to  cross  the  Antietam 
with  his  Corps,  but  instead  of  crossing  at  the  bridge,  went  to  the 
right,  through  a  barnyard  and  past  a  number  of  haystacks,  then 
around  thehill  uponwhichhehadbeen  encamped, and  crossed  the 
quiet,  silent  creek  about  a  mile  above  the  bridge,  at  a  ford  where 
the  water  was  waist  deep.  He  had  been  on  the  eastern  bank  for 
36  hours  and  might  have  opened  the  attack  on  the  previous  day> 
but  no  orders  had  come  to  him.  His  Corps  was  now  two  miles 
from  the  battlefield.  Hooker  and  Mansfield  had  encountered 
the  enemy  and  driven  them  across  the  Sunken  Road,  near  the 
Dunker  Church,  but  in  the  engagement  Mansfield  had  been 
killed  and  Hooker  disabled.  Sumner  by  this  time,  held  the 
right  of  the  army,  the  object  of  the  whole  plan  being  to  turn  Lee's 
left. 

Sumner,  never  hesitating  to  obey  orders,  at  once  put  his  men 
into  the  affray  and  learned  that  Mansfield's  and  Hooker's  com- 
mands were  being  exhausted.  Heavy  firing  was  heard  on  the 
left  as  the  regiment  advanced  across  the  creek,  but  Burnside, 

(133) 


134      THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

who  was  at  the  left,  did  not  press  the  work  there  and  the  weight 
of  Lee's  forces  fell  upon  Sumner  and  Hooker  in  a  desperate 
attempt  to  force  the  centre. 

After  marching  a  mile,  Sedgwick's  Division  halted  and 
faced  to  the  right,  behind  a  fence.  In  front  was  a  cornfield  in 
which  the  First  brigade  was  forming  under  General  Gorman. 
Gen.  Dana  was  in  command  of  the  Third  or  centre  Brigade,  in 
which  was  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment.  The  Second 
Brigade,  under  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard,  filed  into  the  field  in  the 
rear,  forming  the  third  line.  Gen.  Sedgwick  commanded  the 
Division  and  took  his  position  between  the  first  and  second  lines 
and  there  led  the  charge.  Only  about  forty  paces  separated  the 
lines  from  each  other. 

It  was  a  very  faulty  formation.  The  Division  moved  in 
three  lines,  each  composed  of  a  Brigade,  without  a  skirmisher  in 
front,  in  close  order,  and  without  connection  or  support  on  either 
flank.  The  faulty  formation,  as  explained  by  Carleton,  the  Bos- 
ton Journal's  famous  war  correspondent,  was  probably  due  to 
the  fact  that  Sumner  had  been  educated  as  a  cavalry  commander. 
Cavalry  tactics  form  bodies  in  the  mass,  rather  than  in  deployed 
lines.  It  seems  probable  that  in  this  formation  he  used  the 
tactics  of  the  cavalry  instead  of  the  infantry. 

Hooker's  gallant  corps  was  compelled  to  fall  back,  with 
Hooker  wounded,  and  then  came  the  order  for  the  advance  of 
Sumner's  Second  Corps.  At  the  command  "Forward"  the 
men  climbed  the  fence  and  moved  on  through  the  corn  which 
had  been  trampled  and  broken  by  the  first  line,  into  the  open 
field  beyond,  under  a  heavy  fire  by  the  enemy's  cannon  stationed 
near  the  Dunker  Church.  Col.  Hinks  rode  in  advance  of  the 
Nineteenth  regiment. 

Here  was  presented  an  inspiring  sight.  The  shells  from  the 
Union  artillery  in  the  rear  were  fired  over  the  heads  of  their  forces 
at  the  enemy  in  front.  The  First  Brigade  was  just  nearing  a  nar- 
row belt  of  woods,  just  beyond  which  was  posted  the  enemy's 
centre.  Immediately  in  its  rear  rode  Sumner,  the  gallant  com- 
mander of  the  Corps, — hat  in  hand,  with  his  long  grey  locks 
streaming  in  the  wind,  his  smiling  face  looking  as  if  the  noise  of 
howling  shell  and  screeching  shrapnel  was  sweet  music  to  him- 


THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM.  135 

He  was  the  very  picture  of  soldierly  courage.  His  brilliant  staff 
accompanied  him  and  the  whole  made  an  example  which  did 
much  to  keep  the  lines  steady  and  unbroken  under  the  murderous 
fire  of  the  enemy,  who  had  a  perfect  range  and  made  great  gaps 
in  his  close  ranks  as  they  moved  on. 

While  crossing  this  field,  the  line  changed  front  under  heavy 
fire.  Col.  Hinks,  seeing  that  the  men  were  becoming  a  trifle  un- 
steady, halted  the  regiment  and  in  the  coolest  manner,  with  can- 
nister  shot,  shells  and  minie  balls  raining  about  them,  ordered 
"Colors  and  general  guides  on  the  line,  on  centre  dress, — ''and 
as  carefully  alligned  the  regiment  as  if  on  parade,  closing  up 
the  files  made  vapant  by  the  fallen,  and  then,  for  a  minute  or 
more,  sat  upon  his  horse  and  drilled  his  men  in  the  manual  of 
arms,  regardless  and  apparently  unconscious  of  the  whistling 
bullets  which  occasionally  terminated  the  manual  of  some  soldier 
in  the  line.  When  he  had  concluded  the  drill  with  "Parade 
Rest"  the  regiment  had  entirely  recovered  from  its  indications 
of  unsteadiness,  and  moved  forward  on  the  double-quick  to  its 
place  in  the  line,  reaching  it  before  the  Brigade  had  cleared  the 
belt  of  woods.  It  was  an  illustration  of  the  influence  of  example 
by  a  leader,  the  power  of  discipline  and  of  the  command  of  a 
familiar  voice. 

The  Brigade  moved  on  out  of  the  woods  and  over  a  field 
strewn  with  the  dead  and  wounded  of  both  armies.  During 
this  advance,  First  Lieut.  Reynolds,  of  Company  G,  stumbled 
over  a  dead  Confederate  color  sergeant.  He  stooped  and 
snatched  the  "Cross  Jack"  or  "Saltier"  from  the  staff,  made 
it  into  a  ball  and  passed  it  to  the  orderly  of  Col.  Hinks  as  a  trophy, 
then  hurrying  on  with  the  regiment.  He  never  saw  the  flag 
afterward  and  no  one  now  knows  what  became  of  it. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  field  was  Hagerstown  Turn- 
pike, and  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  line  was  a  small  building,  the 
Dunker  church.  On  one  side  of  this  turnpike  lay  rows  of  Union 
dead, — in  some  instances  taking  in  every  man  in  the  line — while 
on  the  opposite  side  lay  the  dead  Confederates,  equally  thick, 
showing  how  terribly  in  earnest  these  lines  had  been  which  lay 
on  each  side  of  the  narrow  road  and  shot  at  each  other  A 
terrible  sight  to  go  into   battle   over!     But   "Forward,   man" 


136  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

rang  out  the  order, — "Close  up,"  etc. — and  the  lines  dashed 
on.  The  mission  of  Sumner  was  to  support  the  sorely  pressed 
troops  of  Gordon  and  Crawford.  Sedgwick's  Division  was  in 
front  of  the  column.  After  passing  the  turnpike,  the  Brigade 
descended  slightly  into  another  wood  where  Death  was  holding 
high  revel.  These  woods  were  not  like  the  Peninsula  swamp 
forest,  filled  with  underbrush  and  creeping  vines,  black  stagnant 
marsh  and  stifled  air,  but  open  and  clear,  with  large  trees  and 
firm  ground  underfoot  and  spreading  branches  overhead. 

While  descending  this  slope,  Ernest  A.  Nichols,  of  Com- 
pany C,  a  lad  of  but  17,  was  hit  by  a  spent  ball  on  the  breast 
plate  and  fell  forward.  Someone  said  "Nichols  is  gone"  but 
he  sprang  up  again  and  took  his  place  in  the  ranks,  saying  "I'm 
not  killed  yet."  Major  Rice  heard  his  remark  and  responded, 
"There's  a  brave  man." 

The  division  moved  on  through  this  wood  with  the  ranks 
being  depleted  at  every  step.  Gen.  Sumner  did  not  know  that 
there  were  ten  Confederate  brigades  with  "Stuart's  Unseen 
Guns"  concealed  behind  the  ridge  in  front  and  behind  fences 
between  the  Dunker  church  and  the  house  of  a  man  named 
Miller,  east  of  the  turnpike,  ready  to  swing  upon  Sedgwick- 
Their  centre  was  in  a  cornfield  behind  a  stone  wall,  which  was 
crowned, with  artillery  and  infantry  at  every  available  point. 

Hooker's  Corps  had  again  been  forced  back  and  Burnside 
had,  as  yet,  failed  to  carry  the  bridge. 

The  Division  was  still  in  close  column  by  Brigade  lines, 
which  made  it  impossible  to  manoeuvre,  and  the  moment  the 
lines  crossed  the  old  turnpike,  afterward  called  "Dead  Lane," 
and  entered  the  woods,  they  were  met  by  a  storm  of  fire  from 
small  arms  and  canister  from  the  enemy's  artillery.  The  first 
volley  nearly  swept  the  First  Brigade  off  the  earth.  The  other 
two  Brigades,  of  course,  could  use  no  fire  themselves,  and  at  the 
northern  edge  of  the  woods  the  Nineteenth  halted  on  the  top 
of  a  ledge.  In  front,  and  slightly  below  were  the  Forty-Second 
New  York  and  the  First  Minnesota,  hotly  engaged  with  the 
rebels,  while  the  Nineteenth,  suffering  severely  from  the  galling 
fire  of  short  range,  could  not  reply  because  of  the  position  of  the 
lines  and  the  conformity  of  the  ground.     They  were,  therefore. 


THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM.  "  137 

ordered  to  lie  down,  while  the  minie  balls  rained  upon  them, 
seemingly  as  thick  as  hail  stones,  and  the  buzz  of  canister  shot 
was  continual.  It  was  awful  to  lay  there  with  no  chance  to 
reply,  but  Col.  Hinks  sat  on  his  horse  near  the  centre  of  the 
regiment,  amid  the  heaviest  fire  of  which  he  seemed  to  be  the 
special  object,  watching  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  and,  as 
his  men  remarked,  exhibiting  no  consciousness  of  danger.  With 
folded  arms  and  a  smile  upon  his  lips,  he  remained  thus  at  a 
distance  of  less  than  a  hundred  and  fifty  yards  from  the  line  of 
the  enemy  which  was  pouring  its  incessant  fire  upon  the  posi- 
tion. The  first  brigade  was  almost  annihilated.  One  single 
shot  of  an  Enfield  or  Springfield  rifle  could  hit  a  man  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  first  brigade  and  go  through  to  the  rear'rank  of  the 
last  brigade.  Soon  the  front  line  began  to  fall  back,  climbing 
up  the  rocky  steep  to  the  position  of  the  Nineteenth.  Some 
of  the  men  on  the  left  were  firing  toward  its  rear  and  left.  The 
others  yelled  to  them  "What  are  you  doing?  Don't  you  know 
any  better  than  to  fire  into  our  third  line?"  One  of  them 
replied:  "You  had  better  look  back  and  see  if  they  are  the  third 
line."  Where  was  the  third  line?  No  one  knew!  The  wood 
was  clear  of  any  enemy  in  the  immediate  rear,  but  to  the  left 
was  the  rebel  line  extending  back  beyond  the  road  and  marching 
down,  rolling  up  the  brigades  and  firing  into  them. 

Gen.  Sumner  was  talking  with  Col.  Kimball,  commanding 
the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  regiment,  when  *Maj.  Philbrick  of 
that  regiment  shouted:  "See  the  rebels!"  Gen.  Sumner  looked 
in  the  direction  in  which  Maj.  Philbrick  pointed  and  exclaimed 
"My  God,  we  must  get  out  of  this!" 

Howard's  brigade  was  then  facing  toward  the  west.  He 
was  at  once  directed  to  face  it  to  the  southwest,  but  there  was 
not  time  before  the  blow  fell.  French's  division  had  not  yet 
arrived  near  enough,  so  that  the  left  of  Sumner's  Corps  was  not 
properly  closed  on  the  adjoining  force,  and  the  enemy  instantly 
threw  troops  into  the  gap,  almost  surrounding  it  and  bringing 
an  enfilading  fire  from  front  and  flank  and  rear  to  add  to  the 
fierceness  of  the  fight.  The  Division  was  helpless  and  a  third 
of  its  number  were  cut  down  in  a  few  minutes. 

The  three  lines  were  too  close  to  serve  as  rallying  points  to 


138  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

each  other,  and  the  second  and  third  lines  suffered  as  severely 
as  did  the  first.  Some  of  the  regiments  faced  by  the  rear  rank 
and  fired;  others  broke  from  the  death  trap  with  little  attempt 
at  resistance.  The  left  having  given  away  in  confusion,  the 
remainder  of  the  line  became  so  exposed  that  they  were  com- 
pelled to  retire  and  only  two  regiments  stood  their  ground, — 
the  First  Minnesota,  under  Sully,  and  the  Nineteenth  Massa- 
chusetts, under  Hinks,  who  formed  the  right  of  the  first  and 
second  lines  respectively.  Their  right  flanks  came  together) 
their  left  flanks  being  wide  apart  like  the  letter  "V  "  They 
maintained  their  organization  and  when  all  others  had  left  the 
woods,  Col.  Hinks  changed  front  to  rear  on  the  first  company, 
this  movement  being  made  in  the  face  of  a  murderous  fire.  The 
men  now  faced  the  advancing  line  of  rebels,  and  the  First  Minne- 
sota fell  back  to  the  allignment  of  the  Nineteenth  Massach- 
setts  on  its  right. 

During  this  action  First  Sergt.  "Tom"  Claffey,  of  Com- 
pany G,  and  others  were  conspicuous  for  bravery  in  assisting 
to  reform  the  men. 

Three  times  in  the  terrible  retrograde,  the  two  noble  regi- 
ments, side  by  side,  fell  back  to  new  positions,  each  time  by 
common  consent  after  firing  at  the  foe,  until  they  got  behind  a 
stone  wall  in  the  middle  of  the  field,  from  which  vantage  point 
they  could  not  be  dislodged.  Each  halting  place  gave  proof 
of  the  obstinate  contest,  by  the  row  of  fallen  dead  and  wounded 
that  marked  the  spot  like  a  black  line.  The  track  of  each  regi- 
ment was  strewn  with  brave  men.  After  a  brief  struggle  at  the 
stone  wall,  the  enemy  gave  up  the  pursuit.  This  halting  place 
was  still  in  advance  of  any  other  portion  of  the  Union  line  and 
in  advance  of  the  new  line  on  which  the  remainder  of  the  Division 
had  reformed.  Here  the  fighting  was  renewed.  There  was  a 
portion  of  one  of  the  companies  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachu- 
setts which  had  collected  in  the  road  and,  slightly  protected  by 
an  angle  in  the  "worm-fence,"  the  men  gave  their  attention  to 
the  advancing  line  of  rebels  and  tried  to  keep  their  colors  down, 
firing  only  at  the  color  bearers.  There  was  a  good  opportunity 
to  shoot  at  them  in  the  few  minutes  in  which  the  men  held  the 
fence  and  their  colors  went  down  several  times.5] ; 


THE    BATTLE    OF    AXTIETAM.  139 

The  enemy  had  posted  a  battery  upon  a  hill  at  short  range, 
which  raked  the  field  and  road  with  canister,  putting  the  regiment 
in  a  very  hot  corner.  Just  as  they  started  to  fall  back,  a  charge 
of  canister  struck  the  road  right  among  them  and  made  them 
hurry.  A  few  rods  brought  them  to  another  lane  leading  to  the 
farm  house  of  a  man  named  Xicodemus.  Some  of  the  men 
ran  to  the  piazza  and  fired  a  few  shots  from  that  elevation,  then 
all  retreated  toward  the  barn,  near  which  were  four  stacks  of 
wheat.  After  passing  these,  the  men  found  themselves  in  a 
hollow,  out  of  reach  of  the  rebel  artillery.  A  stone  wall  ran 
through  the  hollow  from  the  road  and  over  a  hill  where  a  battery 
was  just  coming  into  action.  Behind  this  wall  the  regiment 
rallied  and  expected  to  make  a  stand  there  but  soon  was  ordered 
to  march  toward  the  north  and  joined  the  rest  of  the  division  on 
a  hill  east  of  the  Hagarstown  Pike,  near  the  house  of  W  Middle- 
kauff,  where  they  remained  in  support  of  a  battery  until  dark. 
Then  they  moved  around  and  took  position  on  the  westerly  edge 
of  the  east  wood. 

The  action  of  the  Brigade  had  saved  McClellan's  right 
flank  from  being  turned,  as  he  states  in  his  official  report  (pp.  279- 
280)  and  by  the  re-forming  of  Sedgwick's  broken  division, 
Stonewall  Jackson  could  not  secure  the  results  of  his  original 
advantage.  In  consequence  of  Gen.  Sedgwick's  wound,  Gen. 
Howard  came  into  the  command  of  the  division. 

At  the  Middlekauff  house  the  roll  was  called  and  the  regi- 
ment was  found  to  have  been  very  much  reduced  in  numbers. 
Every  field  officer  was  either  killed  or  wounded.  Col.  Hinks 
had  fallen  with  a  bullet  through  his  right  arm,  fracturing  and 
shattering  the  bone,  and  another  bullet  entered  his  abdomen, 
passing  from  over  the  right  hip  in  front,  penetrating  the  colon 
and  out  on  the  left  side  of  the  spine,  in  the  region  of  the  kidneys, 
from  which  wound  he  never  fully  recovered.  His  coolness  and 
gallantry,  and  the  discipline  and  heroism  of  his  command  had 
undoubtedly  preserved  the  lines  from  being  permanently  broken. 
The  report  of  the  Adjutant  General  of  Massachusetts  says  of 
Col.  Hinks:  "As  soon  as  he  observed  the  flank  attack,  which 
had  caused  the  division  to  be  thrown  into  confusion,  he  rode 


140  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

forward  and  gave  the  necessary  orders  for  the  change  of  front? 
and  as  cooly  superintended  the  execution  of  the  movement  as  if 
on  drill,  notwithstanding  the  ground  over  which  the  regiment 
moved  was  covered  with  officers  and  men  that  fell  from  its  ranks, 
under  the  heavy  cross-fire  of  the  enemy,  pending  the  movement, 
and,  as  soon  as  the  change  of  front  had  been  completed,  he  rode 
his  horse  up  to  the  colors  in  the  line,  and,  by  his  inspiring  words 
and  gallant  bearing  in  the  face  of  the  fearful  carnage,  stimulated 
his  command  with  such  firmness  and  determination,  as  induced 
them  to  hold  the  field  alone  against  an  attack  from  which  other 
regiments  recoiled." 

After  Col.  Hinks  was  wounded,  the  command  of  the  regi- 
ment again  fell  upon  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux.  His  favorite  horse 
was  shot  under  him  and  he  received  a  wound  in  the  arm,  but 
was  able  to  direct  operations  until  the  battle  was  over.  Maj. 
Edmund  Rice  was  severely  wounded  during  the  engagement  and 
Capt.  George  W.  Bachelder,  of  Company  C,  was  mortally 
wounded. 

When  the  regiment  passed  through  the  stacks  of  wheat  at 
the  Nicodemus  barn  the  enemy  followed  and  some  of  the  men 
began  firing  upon  them,  but  were  told  to  stop  as  Capt.  Bachelder 
was  wounded  and  lying  there,  with  others  of  the  regiment. 

The  enemy  soon  fell  back  and  then  Joseph  Pillsbury,  Albert 
Rodger  and  Colonius  Morse,  of  his  company,  volunteered  to  go 
and  take  the  captain  to  the  hospital.  On  reaching  the  stack 
they  found  him  with  James  Heath,  who  had  stayed  with  him, 
and  whom  the  rebels  had  not  taken  prisoner.  The  captain's 
leg  had  been  shattered  by  a  shell  just  as  the  regiment  rallied  the 
time  last  in  the  open  field.  He  was  taken  to  the  field  hospital, 
where  he  died  in  a  few  hours.  Capt.  Bachelder  was  the  idol  of 
Company  C.  He  had  always  shown  great  love  for  his  men  and 
was  ever  mindful  of  their  comfort,  ever  ready  to  share  their 
privations  and  asking  them  to  encounter  no  danger  to  which 
he  was  not  ready  to  expose  his  own  person.  In  the  Seven  Days 
Retreat,  no  matter  how  hard  the  march  or  severe  the  fight,  he 
was  always  smiling  and  ever  ready  with  a  cheerful  word  for  the 
weary  and  halting.     He  was  always  an  example  in   courage, 


THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM.  141 

endurance,  good  nature  and  gentlemanly  deportment.  Probaby 
no  commander  was  more  loved  when  living  or  sincerely  mourned 
when  dead  by  his  men  than  was  Capt.  Geo.  W   Bachelder. 

Colonel  Devereux  says  of  him:  "What  a  noble  life  went  out 
in  his  country's  cause  when  he  died.  Small  in  stature,  but 
how  grand  a  man!  He  was  beloved  not  only  by  the  men  of  his 
own  company,  but  by  everyone  in  the  regiment." 

The  command  of  Com'pany  C  then  devolved  upon  Second 
Lieut.  Edgar  M.  Newcomb,  who  was  soon  promoted  to  be  First 
Lieutenant  for  his  bravery  in  this  action. 

Capt.  Henry  A.  Hale,  Lieut.  Albert  Thorndike,  Lieut. 
John  P.  Reynolds,  Jr.  and  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks  were  wounded.  At 
an  early  part  of  the  fight  Lieut.  Reynolds  was  wounded  in  the 
ankle  and  was  ordered  to  the  rear  by  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux.  He 
hobbled  back  to  his  company,  however,  and  stayed  long  enough 
to  receive  another  wound,  this  time  in  the  elbow  of  his  sword 
arm.  Col.  Devereux  said  later,  jokingly,  that  "it  served  him 
just  right  for  disobeying  his  commander,"  but  complimented 
him  at  the  time  in  his  official  report. 

Capt.  Hale  received  a  very  peculiar  wound.  A  minie  ball 
carried  away  all  his  front  teeth  and  a  piece  of  his  tongue,  making 
a  painful  and  disabling  wound. 

Sergt.  McGinnis,  who  had  received  a  bullet  wound  in  the 
breast,  saw  Capt.  Hale  as  he  sat  in  the  temporary  hospital  his 
lips  swelled  so  that  he  could  hardly  open  them  and  his  face  puffed 
out,  trying  to  drink  some  tea.  Thinking  to  "cheer  the  boys 
up  a  bit,"  he  said  to  the  wounded  officer,  "Oh,  Captain,  how 
I'd  just  like  to  kiss  you  now  ''  The  poor  captain  could  not 
laugh  as  it  hurt  his  lips  to  move  them,  and  could  only  splutter 
in  his  pain.  Sergt.  McGinnis  then  lay  upon  the  operating 
table  and  had  his  bullet  removed  without  taking  anaesthetics. 

John  Barry  of  Company  C  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
face  by  a  minie  ball,  which  completely  destroyed  one  half  of  the 
upper  jaw  and  took  off  a  piece  of  his  nose. 

First  Lieut.  Albert  Thorndike  received  a  peculiar  wound. 
A  ball  went  through  his  abdomen,  passing  in  through  one  vest 
pocket  and  out  at  the  other.  It  struck  his  watch  chain,  which 
split  the  ball,  and  the  part  which  passed  through  him  carried 


142  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

with  it  a  piece  of  the  chain.     This  piece  of  chain  came  out  some 
time  afterward  in  the  process  of  suppuration. 

Capt.  J.  G.  B.  Adams  relates  the  interesting  fact  that  after 
the  battle  of  Antietam,  while  caring  for  his  mortally  wounded 
brother,  a  rebel  officer  of  the  Eighth  South  Carolina  regiment 
came  up  and  declared  that  he  had  a  brother  in  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  regiment.  The  rebel  officer  was  Phineas  Spof- 
ford,  and  his  brother  of  the  Nineteenth  was  Daniel  W  Spofford, 
who  had  been  wounded  during  the  day's  fighting  and  carried  to 
the  rear.  These  two  brothers  met  in  happy  reunion  after  the 
war. 

At  no  time  was  the  engagement  general,  but  disjointed 
masses  entered  the  fight  with  a  gallantry  unsurpassed  and,  being 
unsupported,  were  enfiladed  and  driven  out,  as  the  rebel  com- 
manders, with  characteristic  sagacity,  discovered  the  "holes" 
in  the  Union  lines  and  filled  them  with  their  best  battalions. 

The  engagement  of  Sedgwick's  Division  was  a  battle  in 
itself.  The  men  advanced  nearly  parallel  to  the  Confederate 
line,  which  was  bent  in  a  circle  on  higher  ground,  until  they 
found  themselves  in  a  cul-de-sac  under  the  fire  of  several  rebel 
brigades  which  were  rapidly  working  around  their  flank  and 
rear.  There  was  nothing  to  do  but  lie  down  and  afterward 
get  out  and  change  front.  The  fact  that  this  was  quickly  done 
probably  saved  the  division  from  capture  and  annihilation. 

The  battle  raged  with  varying  fortune  during  the  day,  and 
at  night  the  enemy,  who,  though  severely  punished  and  suffering 
great  losses  in  officers  and  men,  withdrew  across  the  Potomac 
to  his  own  soil. 

The  battle  of  Antietam  resulted  in  the  largest  list  of  casual- 
ties of  any  one  day's  battle.  The  Union  cause  lost  Brigadier 
General  Mansfield,  killed:  Major  Generals  Hooker  and  Richard- 
son, and  Brigadier  Generals  Rodman,  Sedgwick,  Harts  uff, 
Dana  and  Meagher  wounded,  with  12,469  killed,  wounded  and 
missing.  The  Confederate  cause  lost  Brigadier  Generals 
Branch,  Anderson  and  Stark,  killed;  Major  General  Anderson 
and  Brigadier  Generals  Toombs,  Lawton,  Ripley,  Rodes,  Gregg, 
Armstead  and  Ransom,  wounded,  with  25,899  killed,  wounded 
and  missing. 


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THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM.  143 

Thirteen  guns,  thirty-nine  colors,  upwards  of  15,000  stand 
of  small  arms,  and  more  than  6,000  prisoners,  were  the  trophies 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  the  battles  of  South  Mountain, 
Crampton's  Gap  and  Antietam,  while  not  a  single  gun  or  color 
was  lost  during  these  battles. 

OFFICIAL  LIST  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  NINETEENTH 

MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT  AT  THE  BATTLE 

OF  ANTIETAM,  SEPTEMBER  17,  1862. 

KILLED    IN    ACTION    OR   DIED    OF    WOUNDS: 

Co.   C.        C  p  ain  George  W   Bachelder. 
Co.  B.       Private  John  L.  Foss. 

Private  Joseph  H.  Pearson. 
Co.   D.       Corporal  Clarence  I.  Tucker. 

Private  William  B.  Wright. 
Co.  E.       Corporal  John  C.  Foss. 

Private  Horace  Graves. 

Private  Dennis  Barry. 

Private  Patrick  Hurley. 
Co.  F-        Private  Martin  Lyons. 
Co.   G.       Private  Francis  Cassidy. 

Private  James  J.  Hayes. 

Private  Peter  Collins. 
Co.  I.        Sergeant  Edward  Leach. 

Private  Alexander  Grant. 

Total       1  officer,  14  men. 
wounded: 

Colonel  Edward  W   Hinks,  arm  and  body,  severely. 

Lieut.  Col.  Arthur  F.  Devereux,  wrist,  slight. 

Major  Edmund  Rice,  thigh. 
Co.  A.       Sergeant  Isaac  N.  Adams  (since  died). 

Corporal  Gorham  Coffin,  slight. 

Private  William  W   Holmes,  shoulder. 

Private  Oliver  S.  Rundlett,  breast,  severe. 

Private  Samuel  A.  Hall,  hand. 

Private  Everett  Carlton,  arm. 

Private  Daniel  W    Spofford,  leg. 

Private  George  W    Palmer,  shoulder. 


144  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Co.   B.       Captain  Henry  A.  Hale,  face,  severe. 

First  Lieutenant  Elisha  A.  Hinks,  breast  contusion. 

Corporal  Adolphus  W    Greeley,  face. 

Private.  William  H.  Bean,  breast,  and  arm. 

Private  George  B.  Carlton,  dangerously. 

Private  Hollowell  R.  Dunham,  foot. 

Private  Jeremiah  Logan,  thigh. 

Private  Robert  E.  Rich,  leg. 

Private  George  W    Cain,  leg. 

Private  Rufus  H.  Cole,  Jr. 

Private  James  G.  Kent,  face,  slight. 

Private  Stephen  J.  Younger,  neck. 

Private  Michael  Riley,  hip. 
Co.   C.       First  Sergeant  William  Stone,  shoulder. 

Corporal  Daniel  W  Bryant,  leg  (died  Oct.  5th,  1862.) 

Corporal  David  B.  Jellison,  thigh. 

Private  John  A.  Cheney,  hand. 

Private  Edward  W    Morrill,  hip. 

Private  John  Barry,  face. 

Private  John  Donovan,  ankle. 

Private  Jacob  T.  Hazen,  breast  (died  Oct.  10th,  1862.) 

Private  Jeremiah  Danforth,  groin. 
Co.   D.       Corporal  Alexander  Beach,  hand. 

Private  Mark  A.  Harris,  thigh. 

Private  William  H.  Goodrich,  back. 

Private  William  Young,  abdomen  (died  July  7,  1863, 
at  Frederick,  Md.) 

Private  John  Cavanaugh,  knee. 
Co.  E.       Sergeant  James  Buchanan,  body,  dangerously. 

Corporal  and  acting  color  sergeant,  Peter  O'Rourke, 
leg. 

Corporal  Patrick  Wallace,  head,  severely. 

Corporal  Henry  K.  Martin,  arm,  severe. 

Private  Michael  Sullivan,  thigh. 

Private  Edward  Doherty. 

Private  Daniel  Delay,  shoulder. 

Private  Timothy  Leary,  leg. 

Private  James  Flannigan,  leg. 


THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM.  145 

Private  George  Wright. 

Private  Philip  Dunn,  leg. 

Private  James  Welch. 
Co.  F        Sergeant  Charles  K.  Hazen,  slight. 

Corporal  Benjamin  E.  Fogg,  hand. 

Corporal  John  N.  Robinson,  leg. 

Corporal  Nelson  E.  Knights,  leg. 

Private  James  Doherty,  arm. 

Private  William  M.  Curtis,  neck. 

Private  William  Gardner,  leg. 

Private  Seth  M.  Harris,  shoulder. 

Private  John  McCann,  leg. 

Private  Joseph  S.  Gifford,  arm  (died  Sept.  25th    at 
Winchester,  Va.) 

Private  Joseph  C.  James,  leg. 

Private  William  Smith,  shoulder. 

Private  Frederick  P    Turner,  head. 
Co.   G.       First  Lieutenant  John  P    Reynolds,   Jr.,  ankle  and 
elbow- 
First  Sergeant  Joseph  Marshall,  shoulder. 

Sergeant  Jeremiah  C.  Cronan,  hand. 

Sergeant  John  P   Condon. 

Corporal  Frederick  Chandler,  leg. 

Private  Jeremiah  Corbett,  shoulder. 

Private  Charles  S.  Pearson,  foot. 

Private  James  McCarty,  thigh  and  arm. 

Private  John  McCarty,  foot. 

Private  Jesse  K.  Sherwell,  leg. 

Private  John  Cronan,  thigh. 

Private  Levi  Woofingdale,  back. 

Private  Robert  Marshall,  leg. 

Private  George  W    Batchelder,  hand. 

Private  Simon  D.  Hitchcock,  arm. 

Private  Michael  Leonard,  bowels. 

Private  George  Lithead,  arm  and  leg. 

Private  William  B.  Fisher,  thigh. 

Private  Patrick  Sullivan,  back. 


146  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Private  Bartholomew  Crowley,  back. 
Co.   H.       First  Lieutenant  Albert  T.  Thorn  dike,  stomach,  severe. 

Private  George  H.  A.  Ball,  thigh. 

Private  Samuel  Driver,  thigh. 

Private  John  A.  Williams,  foot. 

Private  Thomas  Bridges,  leg. 

Private  Stephen  McReady,  contusion. 
Co.  I.         Sergeant  John  Powers,  leg. 

Private  Nathaniel  B.  Jordan,  breast. 

Private  William  McCracken,  arm. 

Private  John  T.  Ross,  leg. 

Private  Andrew  Vinton,  hand. 

Private  Lawrence  Carey,  arm. 

Private  Charles  A.  Hall,  thigh. 

Private  Michael  McCue,  thigh. 

Private  Lorenzo  P    Nickerson,  hand. 

Private  Thomas  A.  Sweetser,  knee. 
Co.  K.       Sergeant  William  A.  McGinnis,  breast,  severe. 

Sergeant  Charles  A.  Haley,  hand,  slight. 

Private  Joseph  W    Cosgrove,  slight. 

Private  Samuel  E.  Vial. 

Private  William  A.  McKenna, 

Private  Robert  Williams. 

Total  7  officers,  97  men. 

missing: 
Co.   B.       Private  Varnum  H.  Rogers. 
Co.   C.       Private  Charles  Tibbetts. 

Private  James  H.  Heath. 
Co.   D.       Private  John  D.-  Moses. 

Private  Thomas  Brennan. 
Co.   E.       Private  Bartholomew  Smith. 

Private  James  Welch. 

Private  James  Clark. 

Private  John  C.  Howe. 

Private  George  Wright. 

Private  John  Doherty. 


THE    BATTLE    OF    AXTIETAM.  147 

Co.  F.        Private  Mark  Tiernan. 
Co.   G.       Sergeant  'William  Tibbetts. 
Private  Thomas  F.  Costello. 
Total  missing  14  men. 

captured: 

Co.   C.       Corporal  Sewall  S.  Kent. 
Private  George  H.  Patch. 
Private  Edward  Doyle,  wounded  (soon  paroled.) 

Total  captured,  3  men. 

RECAPITULATION. 
Killed  1     Officer         13  men 

Wounded         7         "  98     " 

Missing  14     " 

Prisoners  3 


8  Officers         128     Men. 

Signed  by  Wm.  R.  Driver,  Acct.  Adjt.  19  Mass.  Regt. 
Bolivar,  Va.,  Sept.  27,  1862. 

The  losses  of  Sumner's  Second  Corps  were  as  follows: 

First  Division  Second  Division 

1st  Brigade,      314  1st  Brigade,    740 

2nd       "  540  2nd       "  545 

3rd       "  305  3rd       "  898 


Third  Division 

1st  Brigade, 

510 

2nd 

529 

3rd 

582 

1621 

1159 

21  S3 
1021 

1159  2183 

First  Division, 
Second     ' ' 
Third        ' ' 

Total  loss  of  Sumner's  Second  Corps  4903 

The  losses  in  the  Third  Brigade,  of  the  Second  Corps,  con- 
sisting of  the  19th,  20th  Massachusetts,  7th  Michigan,  42nd  an  i 
jHth  New  York  and  the  127th  Pennsylvania,  were  898,  which 
was  the  greatest  percentage  of  loss  of  any  brigade  in  the  engage- 
ment. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regi- 
ment lost  12s  out  of  3S4  men  engaged.     Thirteen  of  its  men 


148  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

were  killed.  One  company  went  into  the  field  with  28  men  and 
came  out  with  but  14  remaining. 

The  losses  of  Sumner's  Corps — which  numbered  about 
18,000  men,  or  one-fifth  of  the  army  engaged  in  the  battle, — was 
nearly  thirty  per  cent  of  its  men  engaged,  and  one  half  of  the 
whole  loss  of  the  Union  Army  in  the  fight;  while  the  losses  in 
Sedgwick's  division,  which  numbered  only  about  five  thousand 
men  and  in  which  was  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  were  2183, 
or  more  than  45% 

Col.  Hinks  suffered  very  much  from  his  wounds  received 
at  Antietam,andfor  sometime  was  considered  mortally  wounded; 
indeed  he  was  reported  and  for  some  days  believed  to  be  dead, 
and  lengthy  obituary  notices  of  the  most  complimentary  charac- 
ter appeared  in  the  Boston  dailies  and  other  Massachusetts 
papers. 

Said  the  Daily  Advertiser,  "He  commanded  the  Eighth 
Regiment  through  the  three-months  service  in  1861  with  such 
ability  and  success  that  he  was  at  once  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  Nineteenth  for  the  war,  that  regiment  being  largely  recruited 
from  the  old  Eighth.  In  command  of  his  new  regiment,  he  was 
equally  successful  in  securing  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all 
who  came  in  contact  with  him." 

Said  the  Daily  Journal  on  the  same  occasion,  "Col.  Hinks 
was  a  brave  and  valuable  officer,  and  is  a  great  loss  to  the  service 
as  well  as  to  the  state  of  his  nativity  He  displayed  the  quali- 

ties of  a  soldier,  as  well  in  the  care  of  his  men  as  in  his  bravery 
in  the  field,  and  he  will  be  remembered  with  respect  by  all  who 
served  under  him," 

Dr.  Alfred  Hitchcock  visited  the  field  of  Antietam,  and  in  a 
letter  to  Governor  Andrew,  Sept.  26,  1862,  this  described  the 
condition  of  Col.  Hinks:  "Col.  Hinks,  poor  fellow!  seemed  on 
Monday  to  have  symptoms  of  sinking.  His  wound  is  through 
the  abdomen  and  back,  and  a  miracle  only  can  save  him.  I 
advised  against  his  proposed  removal,  as  lessening  the  only 
possible  chance  for  such  a  miracle  to  be  wrought  by  Him  in 
whose  hand  our  breath  is" 

'    The  following  is  an  extract  from  an  official  letter  written 


THE    BATTLE    OF    ANTIETAM.  149 

by  Gen.  Sedgwick  to  Gov.  Andrew  after  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
(see  Report  of  Adjutant  General  of  Massachusetts,  pp.  181-3: — 


"To  His  Excellency  John  A.  Andrew,  Governor  of 
the     Commonwealth    of  Massachusetts, —  I    have 

already  forwarded  through  the  military  channels  a  list  of 
officers  and  soldiers  who  were  distinguished  for  gallantry  and 
good  conduct,  recommending  them  for  promotion,  and 
I  would  again  commend  to  your  excellency,  Col.  Lee  of  the 
Twentieth,  Col.  Hinks  of  the  Nineteenth,  Lieut.  Col.  Kim- 
ball of  the  Fifteenth  and  Lieut.  Col.  Palfrey  of  the  Twen- 
tieth. Great  credit  is  due  to  these  officers  for  the  splendid 
condition  in  which  these  regiments  took  the  field.  The 
Fifteenth  and  the  Nineteenth  are,  in  my  opinion,  fully  equal 
to  any  two  in  the  service. 

I  have  on  two  occasions  strongly  recommended  the 
appointment  of  Col.  Hinks  as  Brigadier  General.  He  dis- 
ciplined and  brought  into  the  field  one  of  the  finest  regi- 
ments, and  has  been  twice  wounded  while  gallantly  leading 
it  in  battle.  I  again  urge  the  appointment,  and  respectfully 
ask  your  Excellency's  favorable  indorsement. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  your  Excellency's  obedient 
servant, 

(signed)     John  Sedgwick, 

Major  General  Volunteers. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

AT    BOLIVAR    HEIGHTS. 

The  day  after  the  battle  of  Antietam  was  one  of  inactivity 
and  rest.  There  was  some  artillery  firing  but  no  one  in  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  hurt.  During  the  day  a  party 
came  out  from  the  enemy's  line  in  front,  under  a  flag  of  truce, 
and  were  met  by  officers  of  the  regiment. 

Arrangements  were  made  by  them  to  bury  the  dead  between 
the  lines  and  the  enemy  asked  that  a  party  be  sent  inside  thf  ir 
lines  to  care  for  Union  wounded  and  bury  the  dead.  Such  a 
detail  was  furnished. 

Inside  their  line  Jacob  Hazen  of  Company  C  was  found 
mortally  wounded,  and  he  died  before  the  detail  got  through 
its  labors. 

On  September  19  the  regiment  marched  16  miles  to  Bolivar 
Heights,  fording  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry,  at  the  same 
place  it  had  crossed  in  the  spring.  Here  on  September  22,  the 
command  went  into  camp  on  the  same  ground  where  it  had 
stopped  in  the  previous  march  and  from  which  it  had  started  to 
join  the  army  of  the  Potomac,  not  one  foot  nearer  Richmond 
for  all  the  hard  marches  and  desperate  fighting.  It  was  not  an 
encouraging  thought. 

The  tents  were  pitched  on  the  side  of  the  hill.  Maryland 
Heights  towered  grandly  on  one  side,  while  Loudon  sheltered 
the  other  side  and  the  front  was  covered  by  Bolivar.  The  posi- 
tion was  like  a  triangle,  the  sides  being  the  various  Heights, 
while  the  openings  made  by  the  Potomac  and  the  Shenandoah 
formed  the  angles. 

The  work  of  recuperating  the  Nineteenth  commenced  at 

once.     It  was  rumored  that  the  regiment  was  going  home  to 

recruit,    but  those  who  still  took  stock  in  camp  stories  were 

doomed  to  disappointment,  as  on  Oct.  9  a  large  number  of  re- 

(150) 


AT   BOLIVAR    HEIGHTS.  151 

cruits  were  received  instead.  These  men  had  darker  coats 
than  the  regulation  pattern  and  this  caused  many  of  them 
severe  wounds  and  some  their  lives  later  at  the  Battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg, the  rebels  thinking  they  were  officers. 

After  the  battle  of  Antietam  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  secured 
leave  of  absence  for  ten  days  on  account  of  death  in  his  family, 
and  the  command  came  into  the  hands  of  Capt.  H.  G.  O.  Wey- 
mouth. 

A  number  of  changes  occurred  in  the  regiment  in  Septem- 
ber. Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  absent  from  wounds,  was  promoted 
to  major;  Capt.  Ansel  D.  Wass  was  discharged  to  enable  him 
to  be  commissioned  as  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  41st  Massa- 
chusetts regiment;  First  Lieut.  William  L.  Palmer,  of  Company 
I,  was  appointed  Adjutant,  vice  John  C.  Chadwick,  promoted 
to  Captain  of  Company  C  in  place  of  Capt.  Bachelder  killed 
in  action. 

First  Lieut.  Oliver  F.  Briggs,  of  Company  K,  was  made 
Regimental  Quartermaster,  vice  Shaw  discharged. 

First  Lieut.  Isaac  H.  Boyd  was  in  command  of  Company  A; 
Capt.  Hale  and  First  Lieut.  Reynolds,  of  Company  G  were 
absent  on  account  of  wounds,  and  Second  Lieut.  Thomas 
Claffey  was  in  command. 

Company  C  had  John  C.  Chadwick,  formerly  Adjutant  of 
the  regiment  as  Captain,  and  Edgar  M.  Newcomb  as  First 
Lieutenant. 

In  Company  E  First  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks  who  had  been 
transferred  from  Company  B,  was  absent  from  wounds. 

Capt.  James  H.  Rice,  of  Company  F,  who  had  been  pro- 
moted from  First  Lieutenant,  vice  Edmund  Rice,  promoted  to 
Major,  was  absent  from  wounds,  and  the  command  of  Com- 
pany F  was  in  the  hands  of  First  Lieut.  William  H.  Hill,  who 
had  been  promoted  from  Second  Lieutenant,  vice  Chadwick 
promoted. 

('apt.  .lames  1).  Russell,  of  Company  G,  who  had  been 
transferred  from  Company  K,  was  absent,  sick,  and  the  com- 
mand was  in  the  hands  of  First  Lieut.  Dudlev  C.  Mumford^ 
who  had  been  promoted  from  Second  Lieutenant,  vice  Shaw, 
discharged. 


152  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  two  wounded  officers  in  Company  H,  Capt.  Devereux 
and  First  Lieut.  Albert  Thorndike,  had  not  yet  returned  to 
duty  and  that  company  was  under  the  command  of  Second 
Lieutenant  William  R.  Driver. 

Capt.  Jonathan  F-  Plympton  was  in  command  of  Company 
I,  but  First  Lieut.  Samuel  S.  Prime,  who  had  been  transferred 
from  Company  C,  was  sick.  First  Sergt.  John  G.  B.  Adams 
of  Company  A  was  promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  and  assigned 
to  Company  H,  vice  Mumford,  promoted. 

Captain  H.  G.  O.  Weymouth,  of  Company  G,  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  command  of  Company  K  and  was  in  command 
of  the  regiment,  leaving  First  Lieut.  Lysander  J.  Hume  in  com- 
mand of  the  company.  Hume  had  been  promoted  from  Second 
to  First  Lieutenant,  vice  James  H.  Rice,  promoted.  In  com- 
pany K  also,  First  Sergeant  Charles  H.  Wellock  had  been  ad- 
vanced to  Second  Lieutenant,  vice  Hill,  promoted. 

In  Company  H,  Second  Lieut.  Frederick  F.  Crofts  had  been 
dropped  from  the  rolls  by  Gen.  Order  162,  A.  of  P.,  Oct.  7,  1862, 
for  being  absent  for  three  months  without  explaining  the  cause. 

The  promotions  were  richly  deserved  and  were  for  gallantry 
and  good  conduct.  Hume,  Briggs  and  Newcomb  had  thus 
each  been  promoted  a  second  time  for  gallantry  and  Sergeants 
Adams,  Driver,  Hill,  Wellock,  Claffey,  Chubbuck  and  Tilton 
were  advanced  for  like  reasons.  Sergeants  Charles  P.  Abbott  and 
William  Stone  were  recommended  for  promotion  for  gallantry. 

Private  Thomas  F.  Winthrop  of  Company  C  was  promoted 
to  Quartermaster  Sergeant;  Patrick  Hardy  of  Company  E  was 
transferred  to  Company  K  as  Corporal;  Sergeant  E.  A.  Hall,  of 
Company  F,  was  promoted  to  Sergeant  Major;  Corporal  Hugh 
J.  Carr  was  transferred  to  Company  G  as  Sergeant  and  Private 
Edward  Maloney  of  Company  H,  was  transferred  to  Company 
E,  as  Corporal. 

The  gain  to  the  various  companies  from  unassigned  re- 
cruits during  the  month  of  October  had  been  31;  discharged  from 
disability,    6;    discharged   by   order,   for   re-enlistment   in    the 
Regular  service  8,  dropped  from  the  rolls,  S.  O.  162,  A.  of  P.,  159. 

During  the  month  the  following  had  died  of  wounds  re- 
ceived in  action; 


AT    BOLIVAR    HEIGHTS.  153 

Company  B.     Private  Hallowell  R.  Dunham,  Oct.  2nd. 

Private  Rufus  H.  Cole,  Jr.,  Oct.  5th. 
Company  E.     Private  Hugh  Connelly,  Sept.  29th. 
Company  F.      Sergeant  James  Buchanan,  Oct.  1st. 

Private  Charles  Tibbetts,  of  Company  C,  reported  "Miss- 
ing in  Action"  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  had  not 
yet  returned. 

During  the  history  of  the  regiment  up  to  this  time,  the 
colors  had  twice  been  triumphantly  raised  by  a  private  when 
fallen  from  the  death  grasp  of  a  comrade, — at  Glendale  by 
Peter  O'Rourke,  and  at  Antietam  by  Edward  Z.  Bailey,  and 
both  were  made  Sergeants  on  the  spot.  Five  colors  sergeants 
had  been  shot  down  while  carrying  the  flag  of  the  Common- 
wealth. 

Condition  of  the  regiment  at  Bolivar  Heights,  Va.,  Oct.  13, 
1S62. 

Company  A  35 

Company  B  28 

Company  C  28 

Company  D  22 

Company  E  28 

Company  F  38 

Company   G  35 

Company  H  30 

Company  I  37 

Company  K  25 


306 

This  included  every  man  in  the  regiment  capable  of  doing 
the  light  work  of  camp,  and  many  of  these  were  quite  disabled 
and  unfit  for  active  service.  The  outside  limit  of  men  who 
could  march  or  fight  was  200. 

At  Bolivar  Heights  the  regiment  took  its  ease  and  comfort 
and  soon  was  ready  for  another  battle.  The  weather  was 
glorious,  the  scenery  as  enchanting  as  any  in  America.  The 
lovely  mount  of  Loudon,  the  rugged  grandeur  of  Maryland 
Heights,   the   swell   of  Bolivar,   the  plain   of   Charlestown,   the 


154  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

western  background  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  beautiful  junction 
of  the  Potomac  and  the  Shenandoah  formed  a  picture  richer  far 
than  many  scenes  across  the  sea. 

The  men  were  put  through  a  severe  course  of  drill  and  this, 
with  camp  guard  and  picket,  were  the  duties  of  the  time.  Five 
glorious  weeks  were  thus  spent.  The  army  was  refitted,  material 
and  personnel  were  repaired  and  soon  everyone  felt  that  a  move 
was  to  be  made. 

The  Nineteenth  Maine  regiment  here  joined  the  brigade. 
It  was  a  fine  looking  body  of  men,  1000  strong,  and  was  clothed 
in  full  dress  uniform,  even  to  hat.  The  men  made  a  fine  show- 
ing as  they  marched  on  to  the  field. 

Two  notable  events  happened  at  this  place, — President 
Lincoln's  review  of  the  Army  on  the  Heights,  and  the  issuing  of 
his  Emancipation  Proclamation,  to  take  effect  January  1st,  1863. 

There  were  many  solid  shot  and  shells  scattered  around 
the  camp,  many  of  the  latter  charged.  One  night  three  or  four 
men  of  the  new  regiment  were  seated  around  a  little  fire,  drink- 
ing coffee,  their  pots  resting  on  some  cannon  balls,  among  which 
was  an  unexploded  shell.  They  were  yet  unacquainted  with 
the  innocent  looking  thing.  The  weather  was  cool  and  they 
sat  close  to  the  fire,  enjoying  a  "skin  roast,"  when  their  pleasure 
was  brought  to  a  sudden  termination  by  a  blinding  flash  and  a 
cloud  of  smoke  and  dust,  followed  by  a  report.  When  it  cleared 
away  there  were  three  or'  four  white  faces  with  bulging  eyes, 
staring  at  the  place  where  they  had  been  cooking  their  coffee, 
but  coffee,  cup,  fuel,  fire  and  ashes  had  disappeared  and  a  slight 
hollow  in  the  ground  where  they  had  been  was  all  there  was  to 
be  seen.  They  were  probably  more  careful  afterward  what 
they  used  to  cook  on. 

On  Oct.  16,  about  fifteen  regiments  of  infantry,  besides 
cavalry  and  artillery,  moved  out  toward  Charlestown,  and 
soon  afterward  heavy  firing  was  heard  in  that  direction.  On 
the  following  day  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts 
received  orders  to  provide  a  day's  rations  and  forty  rounds  of 
cartridges  and  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  move  at  a 
moment's  notice. 

Nothing  however,   developed    until   Oct.   29,   when  three 


AT    BOLIVAR    HEIGHTS.  155 

days  rations  and  sixty  rounds  of  cartridges  were  issued,  and  on 
the  following  morning  tents  were  struck  and  everything  made 
in  readiness  for  a  march. 

The  Roster  on  October  31  was  as  follows: 

Commissioned  officers  present,  20 

On   special   duty,  1 

In    arrest,  1 


Total:  Present  and  absent: 
Commissioned  officers, 


22 

Enlisted  men,  present  for  duty,  325 

On  extra  or  daily  duty,  30 

Sick, 


9 


382 


Commissioned  officers  absent, 

Wounded,  with  leave,;  8 

Without  leave,  2 

Sick,  3 

13 
Enlisted  men  absent, 

On  detached  Service,  1 

With  leave,  1 
Without  leave, 

Sick,  wounded,  102 

In  arrest  or  confinement,  0 
Prisoners  of  War, 


9 


9 


108 


oo 


Enlisted  men,  490 

Aggregate,  525 

Total  last  report,  GS7 

Recruits  required,  41KS 


CHAPTER  XX. 

TO    FALMOUTH,    IN    PURSUIT    OF    LEE. 
BURNSIDE    SUPERSEDES   McCLELLAN. 

At  2  P.M.  on  Oct.  29  the  Nineteenth  regiment  joined  its 
brigade  and  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Falmouth,  in  pursuit 
of  Lee.  Gen.  Couch  was  in  command,  Gen.  Sumner  having 
been  granted  leave  of  absence. 

The  day  was  beautiful,  the  sun  shining  brightly  in  a  clear 
sky  and  the  air  just  cool  enough  to  make  marching  comfortable. 
Not  having  drawn  winter  clothing,  the  men  were  not  heavily 
encumbered  and  some  were  actually  destitute  of  suitable  cover- 
ing for  the  frosty  nights,  but,  thanks  to  the  Virginia  farmers, 
there  were  plenty  of  rail  fences  and  fires  were  kept  burning  all 
night,  around  which  gathered  the  insufficiently  clad  and  they 
were  thus  kept  from  actual  suffering  during  the  first  week.  After 
that  it  was  colder,  with  snow  and  rain  storms,  and  all  suffered 
more  or  less.  The  crops  were  not  all  harvested  and  that  added 
to  the  comforts. 

Leaving  camp  soon  after  sunrise  the  brigade  filed  into  the 
Charlestown  road  and  through  the  village  of  Bolivar,  taking 
a  cross  road  to  the  east,  down  a  steep  hill,  to  the  Shenandoah 
River,  thence  north  to  its  junction  with  the  Potomac.  After 
crossing,  the  brigade  passed  around  Loudon  Heights  into  the 
valley  beyond  and  began  the  march  south  at  a  leisurely  pace. 
To  the  left  was  the  Bull  Run  Ridge,  beyond  which  lay  the  town 
of  Leesburg  and  the  battlefield  of  Ball's  Bluff.  The  road  over 
which  they  marched  lay  closeto  the  mountains  they  had  crossed,— 
the  Blue  Ridge,  and  the  line  marched  down  the  east  side.  Hills- 
boro  was  reached  on  the  31st. 

It  was  a  superb  country  through  which  to  march.     War, 

at  that  time,  had  not  reached  it  and  huge  stacks  of  grain  testified 

to  its  fertility,  while  great  flocks  of  sheep  were  grazing  on  every 

side.     Distant  reports  of  cannon  were  now  and  then  heard, 

(156) 


TO    FALMOUTH,    IN   PURSUIT    OF    LEE.  157 

echoing  or  re-echoing  through  the  beautiful  valley  and  the 
advance  guard  frequently  met  with  little  obstructions,  but  no 
real  check  came. 

The  first  three  days  passed  without  anything  of  note  occur- 
ring. The  men  lived  well  and  enjoyed  themselves.  Wood 
Grove  was  reached  on  Nov.  2  and  on  Nov.  3,  in  the  afternoon, 
the  familiar  boom  of  cannon  was  heard  in  front  and  soon  after- 
ward the  regiment  filed  into  a  field  on  the  right  to  halt  for  a 
short  time  while  the  advance  met  the  enemy  in  a  short  skirmish. 
Then,  taking  the  road,  the  column  moved  on  a  short  distance 
and  formed  line  of  battle  on  the  left  of  the  road  in  a  wheat  field, 
the  Nineteenth  being  in  reserve,  closed  en  masse  by  division.  The 
division  remained  in  this  position  until  sunset  when  the  regi- 
ment took  full  distance,  stacked  arms  near  a  stone  wall  and 
prepared  for  the  night.  During  the  following  day,  Nov.  4,  when 
the  journey  was  resumed  to  Upperville,  the  line  halted  many 
times  to  allow  the  cavalry  to  feel  the  way,  but  was  not  disturbed 
by  the  enemy.  A  few  scattering  reports  were  heard  once  as  the 
opposing  cavalry  forces  exchanged  shots  before  the  rebels 
retired  through  Snicker's  Gap  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley  There 
was  a  great  deal  of  foraging  at  this  place  because  of  the  fact  that 
there  were  more  houses  to  forage  upon. 

The  men  were  much  amused  in  the  early  part  of  the  after- 
noon to  see  a  group  of  soldiers  in  the  yard  of  a  prosperous  look- 
ing farmhouse  chasing  pigs,  ducks,  geese,  hens  and  turkeys,  and 
there  seemed  to  be  plenty  of  them,  while  a  strong-minded,  mus- 
cular female  was  chasing  the  men  with  a  broom.  Once  in  a 
while  a  man  would  try  to  grab  something  and  then  she  would 
bring  the  broom  down  with  a  whack  which  could  be  plainly 
heard.  A  cloud  of  dust  would  rise  from  the  victim's  back  and 
he  would  be  careful  not  to  let  the  broom  make  so  close  a  connec- 
tion with  his  person  again.  The  men  of  the  regiment  took  no 
part  in  this  "circus"  as  the  general  in  command  rode  at  the 
head  of  the  column  and  was  a  witness  of  the  whole  affair. 
That  night  stringent  orders  were  read  from  the  division  comman- 
der, forbidding  foraging.  At  sunset  the  men  encamped  at  the 
entrance  to  Snicker's  Gap. 


158  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

It  being  McClellan's  intention  to  throw  himself  between 
Stonewall  Jackson  in  the  valley  and  Lee  at  Culpepper,  on  Nov.  6 
the  direction  of  the  march  was  changed  to  the  southeast  and  the 
troops  reached  Rectortown  late  in  the  afternoon,  in  the  midst  of  a 
snow  storm.  The  men  awoke  on  the  following  morning  to  find 
three  inches  of  snow  upon  their  blankets. 

Salem  was  reached  on  the  8th  and  Warrenton  on  the  9th, 
the  men  having  been  repeatedly  formed  in  line  of  battle,  owing 
to  the  proximity  of  the  rebel  cavalry.  All  through  the  first  part 
of  this  march  the  men  lived  quite  well,  finding  many  spring- 
houses  rich  with  cheese,  butter,  milk  and  eggs  and  occasionally  a 
jar  of  apple  butter.  It  happened  luckily,  as  rations  gave  out 
early  and  none  were  issued  until  Rectortown  was  reached.  On 
that  day,  while  halted,  just  after  leaving  Snicker's  Gap,  the 
Brigade  commander  rode  oy  and  men  in  the  regiments  cried  out 
"Hard  Tack,  Hard  Tack."  The  general  stopped,  made  in- 
quiries and  then  rode  on.  The  men  were  provided  with  the  re- 
quired "staff"  that  night. 

At  Warrenton  it  was  rumored  that  Gen.  McClellan  had 
been  relieved  of  his  command  and  succeeded  by  Gen.  Burnside. 
This  was  realized  next  day,  Nov.  10,  when  Gen.  McClellan  took 
leave  of  his  troops,  100,000  strong — all  of  whom,  except  the 
Ninth  Corps,  had  for  twenty  months  shared  his  fortunes  on  the 
battlefields  of  the  Peninsula  and  Antietam  campaigns. 

The  army  was  drawn  up  in  line  and  McClellan  rode  past  the 
men  whom  he  had  organized  and  led  so  often  and  who  had  a  very 
great  regard  and  affection  for  him.  As  he  approached,  the  regi- 
ments dipped  their  colors  and  presented  arms.  Immediately  the 
salute  was  changed  for  three  rousing  cheers  and  salvos  of  artillery 
from  the  hill  tops.  The  retiring  commander  was  greatly  moved 
as  he  passed  along  the  line  and  realized  what  a  hold  he  had  upon 
the  hearts  of  the  men. 

Burnside  assumed  command  immediately  and  the  army  was 
reorganized  in  three  grand  divisions,  the  right  being  commanded 
by  Gen.  Sumner  and  consisting  of  his  own  Second  Corps;  Gen. 
O.  O.  Howard  commanding  the  Second  Division  and  Col.  Nor- 
man J.  Hall,  of  the  Seventh  Michigan,  the  Third  Brigade,  which, 


TO    FALMOUTH,    IN    PURSUIT    OF    LEE.  159 

in  addition  to  the  four  regiments  which  had  so  long  served  to- 
gether had  been  strengthened  by  the  addition  of  the  Fifty-Ninth 
New  York,  and  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-Seventh  Pennsyl- 
vania regiments. 

On  Nov.  13  Division  drill  was  held  and  it  was  a  grand  spec- 
tacle, there  being  nearly  6,000  troops  on  the  field  at  one  time. 

For  some  reason,  Burnside  abandoned  McClellan's  plan  of 
operations,  which  the  latter  had  fully  explained  to  him,  and 
started  rapidly  down  the  Rappahannock  toward  Fredericksburg 
on  Nov.  15.  This  gave  Jackson  an  opportunity  to  join  Lee, 
who,  as  a  result,  was  well  prepared  for  any  move  of  Burnside 
against  him. 

A  march  of  14  miles  was  made  on  the  first  day  After 
leaving  Warrenton  there  was  no  forage  to  be  had  and  the  weather 
grew  cold  and  stormy  A  stop  of  a  day  and  a  night  was  made 
at  Paris.  During  the  night  it  snowed  and  the  men  suffered 
much  for  the  want  of  winter  clothing  which  had  not  then  been 
drawn.  Large  numbers  of  the  men  were  walking  round  in  the 
snow  with  their  bare  toes  peeping  out  from  their  shoes,  and 
others  were  nearly  barefooted. 

With  the  Right  Grand  Division  leading,  the  army  reached 
the  bank  of  the  river  at  Falmouth,  opposite  Fredericksburg,  on 
Nov   17th,  having  marched  about  40  miles  in  three  days. 

*  "November  ISth.  Laid  across  two  or  three  cornhills  last  night,  mak- 
ing a  very  uncomfortable  bed,  but  it  was  the  best  that  I  could  do.  This 
morning  our  cavalry  and  infantry  are  moving  toward  the  river.  Am  on 
guard  today  " 

"November  19th.  Came  off  guard  at  9  this  morning  and  immediately 
went  out  on  picket  with  the  regiment.  Before  leaving  camp  a  whole  corps 
passed  toward  t he  river.  Think  an  attack  will  be  made  soon.  In  the  corps 
were  the  '2,xth,  35th,  and  36th  Massachusetts  regiments.  It  rains  quite 
heavy  today 

"November  '20th.  Rained  very  hard  last  night.  We  returned  to  camp 
at  10  o  clock  and  immediately  received  order  to  pack  up  and  move.  We 
did  so.  marching  about  a  mile  and  camped  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the 
river.     Rains  very  hard,  so  we  pitched  our  tents." 

"November  '22nd.  Inspect  ion  day.  Some  of  the  men  are  building  a 
log  hut  for  the  Colonel.     Something  to  do  all  the  time." 

*  These  and  similar  extracts  which  follow  are  taken  from  the  diary  of 
a  member  of  the  regiment. 


160  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  river  was  low.  It  was  easily  forded.  There  was  a 
small  cavalry  force  of  the  enemy  and  a  battery  of  artillery  occupy- 
ing the  heights,  commonly  called  "Marye's  Heights, ", beyond 
Fredericksburg  town.  "Old  Bull"  Sumner,  as  he  was  called 
without  irreverence,  wanted  to  push  across  and  capture  those 
heights,  but  was  forbidden  and,  instead  of  that,  the  regiments 
went  into  camp  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  pontoon  boats  from 
Aquia  Creek  Landing. 

The  small  force  on  the  other  side  cleared  out  after  firing 
a  few  shots,  leaving  the  Heights  bare.  They  were  only  there 
for  observation  and  were  not  expected  to  make  a  fight. 

The  regiment  encamped  in  a  beautiful  grove  of  hard  pine 
for  nearly  three  weeks  without  any  unusual  incident  occurring. 
Then  the  fall  rains  set  in  and  the  river  became  badly  swollen. 
Lee,  finding  that  Burnside  did  not  improve  his  opportunity  for 
securing  the  Heights,  sent  a  large  detachment  of  his  own  men 
and  fortified  them. 

The  rebels  were  strengthening  their  works  back  of  the 
city  and  hot  work  was  expected  if  the  pontoons  did  not  come 
up  soon.  Orders  were  received  to  log  up  the  tents.  This  looked 
as  if  the  stay  would  last  through  the  winter.  In  consequence  of 
the  limited  means  of  transportation,  the  rations  were  short  and 
Thanksgiving,  1862,  was  in  great  contrast  to  that  of  the  year 
before.  Then  the  men  were  stuffed  with  turkey,  goose  and 
duck  and  plenty  of  sweet  potatoes  and  home-made  bread  and 
other  delicasies,  while  now  they  had  only  a  very  limited  supply 
of  beef  soup  and  all  the  hard  tack  they  could  eat. 

"November  27th.  Today  is  Thanksgiving  Day  and  we  have  from 
policing  in  the  morning  until  dress  parade  to  ourselves.  I  wish  I  was  home 
to  enjoy  it.  My  dinner  is  composed  of  salt  pork,  turkey  and  hard  tack.  I 
have  made  this  my  washing  day,  having  been  to  the  stream  and  washed 
my  clothes." 

The  men  had  not  been  paid  for  five  months  and  were  very 
short  of  money  and  tobacco.  There  were  two  inches  of  snow 
on  the  ground.  Before  December  came,  however,  the  regiment 
was  properly  clothed  and  rationed. 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written  by  First  Lieut. 


TO    FALMOUTH,    IN    PURSUIT    OF    LEE.  161 

Edgar  M.   Newcomb  describes  the  surrounding  country  ade- 
quately : 

"November  27,  1862:  Procured  a  pass  to  Falmouth,  and  at  9  A.  M. 
started  for  the  village,  a  mile  distant.  A  neighboring  height  diverted  me, 
and  I  ascended  to  find  a  battery  of  six  Parrots  commanding  the  town,  the 
river  and  the  country  beyond.  Following  the  ridge  of  hills,  I  soon  came 
upon  another  battery.  In  fact,  a  succession  of  batteries  protect  us  now, 
threaten  all  the  open  country  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  and  will  cover 
our  advance  in  future.  The  left  bank  of  the  river  is  high  and  commands 
Fredericksburg  and  the  whole  country  around  for  two  or  more  miles  up 
the  river.  Every  road  and  field  and  moving  thing  can  clearly  be  discerned 
from  that  distance,  owing  to  the  unbroken  nature  of  the  ground  and  the 
absence  of  woods. 

At  this  edge  of  the  stretch,  however,  the  country  is  well  wooded,  and 
from  the  tree  tops  rises  the  smoke  of  numerous  rebel  encampments.  In 
one  place  the  naked  eye  can  discern  a  dark  heap,  which  the  glass  reveals 
to  be  1000  rebel  troops  hard  at  work  on  a  heavy  fortification.  I  con- 
tinued down  the  river  to  a  point  opposite  Fredericksburg.  The  Rappa- 
hannock is  hardly  wider  than  the  Charles  at  Watertown.  All  along  this 
bank  lie  our  pickets  in  posts  of  three  or  four,  the  posts  thirty  paces  from 
each  other.  All  along  the  further  bank,  and  so  near  that  conversation  is 
quite  easy,  lie  the  rebel  pickets.  Almost  within  a  stone's  throw  of  each 
other  pace  the  sentries  of  the  two  armies,  ready  to  give  the  alarm  at  any 
hostile  demonstration. 

Falmouth  on  the  left  bank  is  a  small  village  with  two  or  three  churches. 
Fredericksburg,  on  the  right  bank,  a  mile  below,  is  the  second  city  of  Vir- 
ginia, with  seven  churches.  We  see  the  sentries  as  they  pace  the  streets 
leading  down  the  river;  and  the  men,  women  and  children  as  they  cross 
them  on  different  errands ;  we  hear  the  blacksmith  at  work  in  his  shop 
and  the  rattles  of  vehicles  in  the  streets;  but  the  bridges  are  all  gone,  the 
ferry  boat  locked  on  the  other  side,  and  the  river  separates  us  from  —  some- 
thing. Could  this  be  war?  The  peaceful  city,  beautiful  country  and 
quiet  river,  even  the  smoke  of  camp  and  picket  fires  curling  slowly  upward, 
betoken  no  strife.  The  few  white  tents  in  sight  look  innocent  enough. 
The  sunlight  plays  with  the  sentry's  bayonet  and  even  the  frowning  cannon 
seem  but  as  the  shade  necessary  to  perfect  the  picture." 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment  had  by  this  time 
been  drilled  into  excellent  condition  and  the  commanding  officers 
were  much  pleased  with  it. 

Brig.  General  O.  O.  Howard,  on  Nov.  20th,  1862,  wrote 
from  the  headquarters  of  the  Second  Division,  Second  Corps, 
at  Falmouth,   Va., 


162  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

"I  have  had  Massachusetts  regiments  under  my  command  for  the 
lastjfew  months  and  they  have  won  my  complete  confidence.  The  Fif- 
teenth, Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  are  regiments  that  your  state  and  our 
country  have  every  reason  to  be  proud  of.  I  have  found  them  well  dis- 
ciplined, with  arms  in  good  order,  efficient  in  outpost  duty,  steady  and 
perfectly  reliable  in  action.  For  myself,  I  state  it  with  perfect  sincerity, 
I  ask  no  better  troops." 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

EVENTS   AT  FALMOUTH. 

Capt.  Charles  M.  Merritt,  who  had  been  reported  absent 
without  leave  was  restored  to  the  rolls  of  his  Company,  A, 
by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  Nov.  17,  1862.  First  Lieut. 
Elisha  A.  Hinks,  of  Company  E  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  Company  B  as  special  duty. 

Chaplain  Ezra  D.  Winslow,  who  had  been  reported  as 
absent  without  leave  from  Nov.  1  to  Nov.  17,  was  assigned  to 
duty  at  the  Convalescent  camp,  Alexandria,  Va.,  by  S.  O.  350, 
A.  of  P   for  30  days  from  Nov.  17 

Of  the  surgeons,  assistant  surgeon  Josiah  M.  Willard  was 
absent  sick  and  Dr.  Vertulen  R.  Stone  had  been  appointed 
assistant  surgeon  by  Gov.  Andrew  on  Nov.  6. 

Three  other  changes  were  made  in  the  regimental  officers 
during  November.  Capt.  James  D.  Russell  and  First  Lieut. 
Albert  Thorndike  had  resigned  because  of  wounds  and  had 
received  their  discharges,  while  Second  Lieut.  Michael  A.  McNa- 
mara  had  been  discharged. 

A  number  of  men  had  left  the  regiment  on  recruiting  duty 
during  November,  being  sent  to  Massachusetts.  These  were 
as  follows: 

Co.  A.       Corporal  William  Young. 
Co.  B.       Sergt.  Moses  Shackley. 
Co.   C.       Private  Stephen.  Armitage. 
Co.   D.       Private  C.  P    Crane. 
Co.   E.        Sergt.  D.  Corrigan. 
Co.   E         Sergt.  Charles  R.  Hazen. 
Co.   G        Corporal  AYilliam  H.  Clark. 
Co.   H.       Sergeant  A.  C.  Douglas. 
Co.   I.         Corporal  Charles  S.  Palmer. 
Co.  K.       Sergeant  Thomas  P   Manning. 

(163) 


164  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

"Dec.  1st.  Hewed  timber  for  our  tent,  as  we  were  ordered  to  prepare 
winter  quarters. 

"Dec.  2nd.  In  the  forenoon  drilled  in  the  bayonet  exercises  which 
we  are  obliged  to  do  every  day. 

"Dec.  3rd.     Nothing  going  on  today.     Paid  25  cts.  for  a  loaf  of  bread. 

"Dec.  9th.  My  feet  have  been  wet  for  three  days  and  today  are 
quite  sore.  My  shoes  have  given  out  and  my  toes  are  on  the  ground. 
Don't  know  but  I  shall  freeze  them." 

The  news  that  Gen.  Burnside  had  completed  preparations 
for  making  the  long  contemplated  crossing  at  Fredericksburg 
was  not  long  in  reaching  the  camp  of  the  regiment.  Extra 
rations  were  issued,  together  with  extra  rounds  of  ammunition. 
The  arms  were  given  an  exceptional  inspection  and  everything 
indicated  that  there  would  be  a  movement  at  daybreak. 

An  interesting  incident  occurred  in  the  camp  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  during  the  evening  of  Dec.  10.  John 
Thompson  of  Company  F,  who  was  on  special  duty  went  to 
Lieut.  Hill  and  said,  questioningly  "The  boys  are  going  into  a 
fight  tomorrow?" 

' '  It  looks  like  it,  John, ' '  was  the  reply. 

' '  Well,  Lieutenant,  please  let  me  fall  in  with  them. ' ' 

He  was  told  that  he  could  not  be  spared  from  his  post  as 
cook. 

"I  know,  Lieutenant,  but  I  want  to  show  'em  the  stuff  I've 
got  in  me.     Won't  you  let  me  go?" 

He  begged  so  hard  that  he  was  finally  permitted  to  fall  in, 
the  most  pleased  man  in  the  regiment. 

During  the  period  of  waiting,  Burnside  had  sent  a  summons 
across  the  river  for  the  surrender  of  the  city  and  his  demand  had 
been  refused. 

Then,  in  accordance  with  the  plan  of  the  commanding 
general,  on  the  morning  of  December  11,  an  attempt  was  made 
to  lay  the  pontoons  from  near  the  Lacy  House  on  the  north 
bank,  directly  to  Fauquier  Street,  the  main  street  of  Fredericks- 
burg which  ran  to  the  river.  Two  more  were  begun  a  third  of 
a,  mile  down  the  stream  and  two  others  a  mile  and  a  half  farther 
down,  near  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Bernard.  Sumner  and  Hooker 
were  to  use  those  opposite  the  town  and  Franklin  those  farther 


EVENTS   AT   FALMOUTH.  165 

down.  Work  was  begun  at  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and 
the  pontoon  train  moved  across  a  ploughed  field  to  the  water's 
edge.     Everything  was  carried  on  quietly. 

Across  the  river  a  rebel  sentry  could  be  seen  by  the  light  of  a 
fire,  patrolling  the  bank.  By  daylight  the  work  had  progressed 
fairly  well,  considerable  material  had  been  carried  to  the  river, 
and  part  of  the  bridge  laid  when  the  rebel  sentry  heard  the 
crackling  of  the  ice  as  the  boats  were  pushed  into  the  water. 
Seizing  a  burning  brand,  he  waved  it  over  his  head  as  a  danger 
signal,  and  soon  a  brigade  of  sharpshooters,— Barksdale's 
brigade  of  Mississippi  riflemen — were  firing  rapidly  at  the 
engineers  from  behind  the  rifle  pits,  fences,  walls  and  from 
cellars  on  the  other  side.  They  were  able  to  pick  off  officers,  par- 
ticularly of  the  engineer  corps,  engaged  in  constructing  the  bridge. 

Fresh  men  stepped  forward  to  take  the  place  of  those  shot, 
but  the  sharpshooters  killed  and  wounded  so  many  that  it  almost 
resulted  in  the  destruction  of  the  engineer  detachment.  The 
artillery  then  began  shelling  the  rebels  from  Stafford  Heights, 
but  without  effect,  as  they  could  not  depress  the  guns  sufficiently. 

Meanwhile,  the  regimental  commanders  of  the  Third 
brigade  had  been  assembled  at  brigade  headquarters  to  receive 
preliminary  instructions  for  the  approaching  battle.  They 
were  informed  that  the  brigade  would  be  the  first  to  cross  the 
upper  pontoon  bridge  then  being  laid  by  the  engineer  corps;  that 
the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  then  commanded  by  Capt.  Harri- 
son G.  O.  Weymouth,  would  occupy  the  right  of  the  city  on 
Caroline  Street,  with  its  left  resting  on  Fauquier  street,  its  right 
extending  to  the  large  brick  mill,  or  warehouse,  which  was 
situated  on  the  bottom  land  of  the  river,  a  distance  of  more  than 
half  a  mile.  They  were  instructed  to  hold  this  position  until 
the  right  grand  division,  consisting  of  the  Second  and  Ninth 
Corps,  had  crossed  the  river. 

At  about  four  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  clear  blasts  of  the 
bugle  aroused  everyone  to  activity  The  rude  breakfasts  were 
hastily  eaten,  the  sick  and  disabled  were  hurriedly  tolled  off  for 
the  guard  of  the  camp;  the  bustle  of  aides  and  orderlies  increased, 
and  at  half  past  four  the  opening  roar  of  artillery  in  front  an- 
nounced that  the  dread  business  had  begun. 


166  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  heavy  columns  of  the  Ninth  Corps  swept  rapidly  to 
the  front.  French  moved  his  division  to  the  heights  of  Stafford, 
Hancock  followed  close  and  just  at  dawn  the  gallant  division  of 
Howard  moved  up. 

Word  that  the  Engineers  had  succeeded  in  laying  the 
bridges  below  the  city  and  that  Franklin  and  Hooker  were 
crossing  was  received,  but  the  bridge  over  which  the  Third 
Brigade  was  to  cross  could  not  be  laid  in  time.  About  two 
hours  before  daylight  the  brigade  marched  down  to  the  river 
bank,  and  found  but  a  small  section  of  the  bridge  laid.  There 
was  about  an  inch  of  snow  on  the  ground  and  the  fog  was  so 
dense  that  it  was  impossible  to  see  across  the  river.  The  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  regiment  was  deployed  as  a  skirmish  line 
along  the  river  bank  at  the  west  side  of  the  bridge,  with  the 
Seventh  Michigan  doing  the  same  service  on  the  east  side,  while 
the  179  guns  on  the  hills  behind  them  kept  throwing  shells  over 
into  the  city.  The  men  could  feel  the  hot  air  from  these  shells 
as  they  flew  overhead.  Later,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the 
rear  of  the  batteries  so  that  they  could  depress  their  pieces. 

After  the  fruitless  attempt  to  dislodge  the  enemy  by  artillery 
and  a  waste  of  many  hours  of  valuable  time,  the  brigade  com- 
mander sent  for  the  regimental  commanders  late  in  the  afternoon 
and  informed  them  that  it  was  proposed,  after  shelling  the  banks, 
to  make  a  crossing  in  pontoon  boats  by  volunteers,  as  the  nature 
of  the  work  was  to  be  hazardous.  The  commanders  of  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and  the  Seventh  Michigan,  who  were 
the  only  ones  that  had  arrived  at  this  time,  tendered  their  ser- 
vices and  were  immediately  ordered  to  conform  as  nearly  as 
possible  to  the  orders  of  the  night  before. 

During  the  day  the  heavy  mist  over  the  river  had  been 
dissipated  by  the  sun  and  the  city  was  clearly  visible.  The 
houses  seemed  to  be  untenanted  and  nothing  appeared  to  have 
life  but  one  poor,  lonely  cow  which  wandered  up  and  down  the 
river  bank.  But  once  in  a  while  there  would  be  a  flash  a  nuff 
of  smoke,  followed  by  a  report,  denoting  the  spot  where  some 
rebel  sharpshooter  was  concealed.  To  step  upon  the  bridge 
meant  instant  death.  j 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

CROSSING   THE    RIVER   AT    FREDERICKSBURG. 

The  bridge,  half  completed,  stretched  out  into  the  river, 
while  the  pontoons  lined  the  bank.  The  artillery  on  the  hill 
above  and  to  the  rear  kept  throwing  shells  over  the  city  and  now 
and  then  one  could  be  seen  making  its  way  into  the  side  or  roof 
of  a  house.  Once  or  twice  a  terrible  shriek  was  heard,  as  though 
a  woman  had  been  hit  or  was  bewailing  the  loss  of  hushand  or 
lover.  The  poor  cow  was  seen  to  fall.  Flames  and  smoke 
burst  from  many  buildings  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  The 
crackling  of  flames  and  the  crashing  of  falling  walls  sometimes 
broke  the  monotony  of  the  cannonade,  the  echoes  of  which  beat 
up  against  the  Falmouth  bluff,  rolled  back  beyond  the  town 
and  then  from  the  distant  hills  once  more  swelled  over  as  though 
the  heavens  were  rent  asunder. 

The  instant  the  batteries  ceased  firing,  the  men  of  the  Sev- 
enth Michigan  and  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  took  to  the 
boats,  twenty  in  each,  and  poled  across  the  river  under  a  heavy 
musketry  fire  from  the  enemy. 

Crack!  Crack!  Crack!  from  a  hundred  lurking  places 
went  the  rebel  shots  at  the  brave  fellows,  who,  stooping  low  in 
the  boats,  sought  to  avoid  the  fire.  The  murderous  work  was 
well  done.  Lustily  the  men  pushed  on  the  poles,  however,  and 
presently,  having  passed  the  middle  of  the  stream,  the  boats  and 
their  gallant  freight  came  under  the  cover  of  the  opposite  banks. 

Two  companies  of  the  Seventh  Michigan  were  the  first  to 
make  a  landing  as  they  had  used  the  boats  which  were  nearest 
to  the  end  of  the  uncompleted  bridge.  They  were  led  by  Lieut. 
Col.  Baxter  who  was  struck  by  a  shell  as  he  climbed  the  bank 
on  the  Fredericksburg  side.  As  the  men  appeared  above  the 
bank,  the  rebels  emerged  from  cellar,  rifle  pit  and  stone  wall, 
like  so  many  rats  and  by  the  hundreds  scampered  off  up  the 
(107) 


168  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

streets  of  the  town.  As  the  two  companies  of  Michigan  troops 
marched  up  Fauquier  street,  in  a  direct  line  with  the  bridge, 
they  were  immediately  hotly  engaged. 

The  two  boats  bearing  Companies  K  and  C  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts,  with  the  National  and  the  state  colors 
(the  first  ones  to  be  carried  across)  landed  near  those  containing 
the  two  companies  of  the  Seventh  Michigan,  and  the  men  went 
forward  to  their  assistance  eagerly  and  swiftly  Capt.  John  C. 
Chadwick,  of  Company  C  was  the  first  man  of  the  Nineteenth 
to  land. 

The  next  boat  to  touch  the  bank  bore  the  colors  of  the 
Seventh  Michigan,  and,  a  few  seconds  later,  the  remainder  of 
both  regiments  having  crossed,  they  formed  in  line  on  the  banks 
of  the  river,  the  left  resting  on  Fauquier  street,  and  advanced, 
deploying  as  skirmishers  in  order  to  drive  the  enemy  back  from 
the  western  part  of  the  city. 

One  can  imagine  with  what  interest  the  crossing  of  the 
first  two  boatloads  was  watched  by  the  troops  on  the  shore,  and 
with  what  enthusiastic  shouts  their  landing  on  the  opposite 
side  was  greeted.  It  was  a  display  of  heroism,  which  moves 
men  as  nothing  else  can.  The  problem  was  solved.  This 
flash  of  bravery  had  done  what  scores  of  batteries  and  tons  of 
metal  had  failed  to  accomplish. 

One  man  from  Company  B  of  the  Nineteenth  had  jumped 
into  the  first  boat  with  the  Seventh  Michigan  and,  as  the  rest 
of  his  regiment  dashed  up  the  bank,  he  was  seen  coming  from  a 
house  with  two  tall  "Rebs"  at  the  point  of  his  bayonet  and  he 
proudly  marched  them  to  the  rear  as  prisoners.  Many  of  the 
other  men  captured  rebels  as  they  ran  from  the  houses  and  the 
pontoons  as  they  returned  took  more  than  a  hundred  of  these 
fellows. 

The  city  was  held  by  Gen.  Barksdale's  Brigade,  consisting 
of  the  13th,  17th,  18th  and  21st  Mississippi  regiments,  with  the 
8th  Florida  and  the  3rd  Georgia  of  Anderson's  Division.  The 
men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  by  no  means  novices  in  hard  fighting 
on  the  open  field  or  in  the  woods  and  dense  underbrush  but  at- 
tacking an  entire  brigade  with  only  a  thin  line  of  skirmishers  for  a 
distance  of  half  a  mile,  concealed  as  they  were  in  the  attics 


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CROSSING    THE    RIVER    AT    FREDERICKSBURG.  16& 

chambers  and  cellars  of  the  houses,  was  not  only  novel  but  a 
great  strain  upon  the  moral  and  physical  courage.  The  most 
dangerous  and  trying  part  of  the  action  was  that  the  enemy  could 
fire  a  volley  at  such  close  range  without  being  seen. 

The  fierce  work  went  on, — from  street  to  street,  from  house  to 
house,  from  yard  to  yard,  amid  smoke  and  blaze,  the  crash  of 
shot,  the  whirr  of  shell,  the  shrieks  of  women  and  the  moans  of 
children.  Men  sorely  wounded,  fought  on  and  added  wound 
to  wound.  Officers  and  men  fell  fast.  Company  B  lost  ten 
men  out  of  thirty  in  less  than  five  minutes,  and  other  companies 
suffered  similarly. 

In  one  of  the  houses  were  captured  five  men,  who  less 
than  two  minutes  before  had,  with  others,  crossed  the  street  and 
given  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  a  volley  at  close  range. 

Companies  B,  D,  E  and  K  of  the  Nineteenth  were  posted 
along  Caroline  street,  and  it  took  about  an  hour  and  a  half  of 
of  the  severest  fighting  before  they  secured  the  north  side  of  the 
street.  A  few  minutes  later  when  the  left  was  furiously  attacked 
by  the  enemy,  who  had  concentrated  at  this  point  for  the  purpose 
of  regaining  the  avenue  leading  down  to  the  pontoon  bridge, 
they  were  forced  down  Fauquier  street  for  some  distance.  The 
men  of  Company  K  turned  into  a  corner  lot  and  took  shelter 
behind  a  fence.  There  they  received  a  volley  which  killed  Pri- 
vate Penniman  and  wounded  another.  This  fire  was  returned, 
but  the  enemy  proved  too  strong  and  too  well  posted  so  that  the 
men  were  driven  back  to  the  river. 

As  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  fell  back  toward  the  river, 
the  Twentieth  Massachusetts  marched  up  Fauquier  street.  Up- 
on reaching  Caroline  street,  the  latter  regiment  wheeled  to  the 
right,  but  before  the  full  line  had  reached  the  street,  the  enemy 
from  their  snug  retreats  poured  such  a  deadly  fire  upon  them 
that  they  were  forced  to  retire  with  great  loss. 

Over  the  completed  bridge  rushed  the  divisions  of  Hancock, 
French  and  Howard,  the  old  Second  Corps,  followed  by  the 
columns  of  the  glorious  Ninth.  As  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  lay  upon  the  hank  of  the  river  they  recognized 
and  received  the  plaudits  of  the  heroes  of  other  days.  Palfrey, 
with   the   Twentieth    Massachusetts,    Farnham,   with   the   First 


170  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Minnesota;  Owens,  with  his  "regulars;"  Meagher,  with  the 
"Irish  Brigade,"  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  and  Rickett's 
battery  recalled  the  Dunker  Church  and  the  terrible  cornfield 
at  Antietam;  Hancock's  old  brigade  recalled  the  glorious  day, 
of  Williamsburg  and  Fort  Magruder;  Van  Valkenburg  and  the 
Fourteenth  Indiana  told  of  Hatteras  and  Fort  Clarke;  the 
Twenty-fourth  and  Twenty-seventh  Massachusetts  of  Roanoke 
Island.  Then  came  Hawkins  with  the  gallant  heroes  of  the 
"Stone  Bridge"  of  Sharpsburg;  the  Fourth  and  the  Eighth 
Ohio,  who  cleared  the  way  at  South  Mountain  pass,  and  the 
Thirty-fifth  Massachusetts,  who  led  the  old  Ninth  Corps  through 
the  bloody  gorge  of  Crampton's  Gap. 

All,  all  were  heroes.  No  color  flouted  the  winter  air  but 
recalled  some  glorious  day. 

During  the  brief  interval  of  searching  the  houses  in  the 
city,  companies  E,  F  and  B  had  been  ordered  to  surround  a 
certain  dwelling  and  search  it  thoroughly.  Capt.  Mahoney, 
as  senior  officer  of  the  left  flank  company,  took  command. 
Capt.  Mahoney,  with  Lieut.  McGinnis,  of  Co.  F,  and  Lieut. 
Elisha  W  Hinks,  of  Co.  B,  attempted  to  enter,  but  found  the 
door  locked.  Capt.  Mahoney,  in  his  rich  brogue,  pounded  on 
it  and  cried  ' '  Open  the  dure. ' ' 

There  being  no  response,  he  said  to  a  sergeant;  "Joost 
lave  me  yure  gun." 

Then,  to  any  possible  inmate  of  the  house  he  said:  "Now 
will  ye  lave  the  door  be  shut  when  I  tells  ye  to  open  it!"  Club- 
bing the  piece,  he  brought  the.  butt  of  the  gun  with  a  mighty 
swing  down  upon  the  offending  planks.  Bang  went  the  musket 
and  in  went  the  door  just  as  the  bullet  from  the  inverted  gun 
went  singing  through  the  long,  jet  black  beard  of  Lieut.  Hinks. 
The  Lieutenant  jumped  as  though  he  had  been  shot,  as,  in 
truth,  every  one  near  thought  he  had  been. 

Capt.  Mahoney  was  startled  and  turned  around  with  a 
ludicrous  expression  on  his  face,  which  instantly  changed  to  one 
of  wrath  when  he  heard  the  torrent  of  angry  words  which  Lieut. 
Hinks  was  hurling  at  him. 

"How  dare  ye,  sorr?"  roared  back  the  Captain,  relieved  to 
find  that  thelLieutenant  was  not  dolled  through  his  careless- 


CROSSING   THE    RIVER    AT    FREDERICKSBURG.  171 

ness, — "How    dare   ye,    sorr,   address   such   language   to  yure 
supayrior  officer, — I'll  rayport  ye,sorr." 

"Yes,"  shouted  Lieut.  Hinks,  "And  I'll  prefer  charges 
against  you." 

This  passage  at  arms  was  kept  up  for  some  time,  to  the 
amusement  of  the  men  and  resulted  in  an  estrangement  be- 
tween the  two  officers  which  lasted  for  some  time. 

From  one  of  the  houses  where  a  girl  had  declared  there 
was  no  one  but  her  "poor,  old  blind  father"  a  rifle  was  fired  and  on 
investigation  a  rebel  was  caught  with  a  gun,  hot  from  the  dis- 
charge. He  was  taken  out  just  as  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts 
regiment  was  marching  rapidly  up  the  street  and  was  forced  to 
march  directly  ahead  of  their  leading  file.  As  the  regiment 
reached  Caroline  street  and  received  the  terrible  volley  from 
Barksdale's  brigade  this  man  fell  dead. 

The  arrival  and  engagement  of  the  Twentieth  Massachu- 
setts enabled  the  Nineteenth's  left  to  regain  its  position  on  Caro- 
line street,  which  was  maintained,  with  a  constant  exchange  of 
shots,  for  more  than  an  hour  after  sunset.  Here  was  found  the 
body  of  private  Michael  Redding,  of  Company  D,  who  had 
fallen  at  the  charge  of  the  regiment  up  the  street  and  when  the 
line  was  forced  back,  he  was  left  lying  where  he  fell.  A  com- 
rade had  offered  to  take  him  on  his  back  on  the  retreat,  but  he 
said,  "No,  you'll  be  back  again  shortly  and  I'll  sit  here  and 
wait  for  you."  When  the  men  returned,  however,  his  body 
was  found  to  have  been  pierced  in  seven  places  with  bayonet 
wounds,  he  having  been  killed  in  this  manner  while  lying  there 
wounded. 

Near  here  was  found  the  dead  body  of  the  lonely  cow,  pre-. 
viously  mentioned,  and  she  was  rapidly  cut  up  into  steaks  which 
were  greatly  enjoyed. 

In  the  houses  were  found  eggs  and  other  articles  of  food 
which  the  men  "borrowed." 

During  t lie  progress  of  the  fighting,  John  Thompson,  of 
Company  F,  whose  request,  to  be  allowed  to  go  into  action  with 
I  lie  men  is  already  chronicled,  came  to  Lieut.  Hill  and  asked  per- 
mission to  go  a  short  distance  to  the  rear  and  get  the  musket  of  a 
wounded  man  who  was  lving  there,  his  own  having  been  fired  so 


172  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 


mu 


„„ch  that  it  had  become  choked  with  grease.  Permission  being 
given,  he  went  back  and  was  met  by  a  lieutenant  who  cried  out 

to  him,  "Here!     Where  are  you  going,  you shirk?     Go 

back  to  your  company." 

"I'm  no  shirk  and  no  coward,"  replied  Thompson,  "I  got 
leave  to  get  this  man's  gun"     stooping  to  pick  it  up. 

"Well  you  can't  have  it,"  said  the  lieutenant,  "Get  out  of 
here  and  get  back  to  your  company." 

Inamoment, Thompson,— black  with  smoke  andpowderand 
panting  from  excitement  and  exertion,  limped  up  to  Lieut.  Hill, 
with  his  hand  upon  a  wound  in  his  thigh.  He  was  so  angry^that 
he  could  hardly  speak. 

"Didn't  you  tell  me  that  I  might  have  that  man's  gun?" 
he  asked,  wrathfully,  "Well,  that  — —  back  there  wouldn't  let 
me  have  it  and, ——him,  he  ran  me  through  the  leg  with  his 
sword  and  said  I  was  a  shirk  and  a  coward. 

"Well,  well,  John,"  responded  Lieut.  Hill,  considerably  sur- 
prised, "you're  wounded,  go  to  the  rear." 

"Not  by  a sight,"  shouted  the  enraged  hero,  fiercely, 

"I  came  out  here  to  fight,  and  I'm  not  through  yet,"  and  he  sprang 
forward  into  the  fray. 

(Thompson  had  a  splendid  record.  He  was  later  commis- 
sioned Second  and  then  First  Lieutenant  and  was  killed  in  the 
trenches  at  Cold  Harbor,  June  3,  1864.) 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  held  the  north  side  of  Caro- 
line street  during  the  night,  and  the  enemy  the  south  side, 
defended  with  the  most  formidable  barricades  which  ingenuity 
could  invent,  consisting  of  barrels  and  boxes  filled  with  earth 
and  stones  and  placed  between  the  houses,  so  as  to  form  a  con- 
tinuous line  of  defense.  The  Division  Commander,  Gen.  O.  O. 
Howard,  inspected  the  line  of  defence  at  about  11  P.  M.  and  was 
greatly  pleased  to  learn  that  the  men  had  secured  the  city  after 
such  a  desperate  defence.  The  Second  and  Ninth  Corps  passed 
to  the  outskirts  of  the  town  as  the  enemy  retired,  and  there  and 
in  the  fields  beyond  bivouacked  for  the  night.  The  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  and  the  Seventh  Michigan  were  permitted  to 
remain  in  the  town. 

The  pickets  of  the  regiment  had  an  opportunity  to  look 


CROSSING   THE    RIVER    AT    FREDERICKSBURG.  173 

behind  the  fences  running  parallel  to  the  river  and  there  a  hor- 
rible sight  met  their  gaze.  The  rebels  lay  thick  along  the  fence, 
just  as  they  had  fallen,  killed  by  round  shot  and  shell.  Some  lay 
with  their  heads  severed,  others  with  arms  and  legs  gone  and 
still  others  mutilated  in  a  terrible  manner. 

It  was  freezing  cold  that  night.  The  river  was  skimmed 
over  with  ice  and  the  men  had  to  keep  moving  to  prevent  their 
freezing  to  death. 

Gen.  McLaws,  in  his  report  of  the  defence  of  Fredericks- 
burg says: 

"On  the  25th  of  Nov.,  my  division  marched  into  the  city.  Detach- 
ments wereUmmediately  set  at  work  digging  rifle  pits  close  to  the  edge  of 
the  river  bank,  so  close  that  our  men,  when  in  them,  could  command  the 
river  and  shores  on  each  side.  The  cellars  of  the  houses  near  the  river  were 
made  available  for  the  use  of  rifle  men,  and  zig-zags  were  constructed  to 
enable  the  men  to  get  in  and  out  of  the  rifle  pits  under  cover.  All  this  was 
done  at  night,  and  so  secretly  and  quietly  that  I  do  not  believe  the  enemy 
had  any  conception  of  the  minute  and  careful  preparations  that  had  been 
made  to  defeat  any  attempt  to  cross  the  river  in  my  front." 

There  were  many  remarkable  escapes  during  the  day. 
Private  O'Connell,  one  of  the  recruits  who  had  joined  Co.  C 
at  Bolivar,  had  seven  bullet  holes  in  his  overcoat  collar,  some 
of  the  bullets  having  gone  deep  enough  to  cut  his  shirt  collar, 
but  not  harming  him. 

At  daybreak  on  the  morning  of  the  12th  the  rights  of  the 
Union  line  was  withdrawn  from  the  warehouse  and  the  regi- 
ment stacked  arms  and  remained  on  Caroline  street  until  noon 
of  the  13th.  This  period  of  inaction  gave  the  men  an  opportu- 
nity to  look  around  at  the  ruin  which  had  been  caused  by  the 
Union  artillery.  The  city  had  suffered  heavily,  —  in  one  house 
nine  cannon  shot  holes  were  counted  and  fragments  of  shells, 
broken  plaster  and  demolished  roofs  everywhere  greeted  the 
eve.  Some  members  of  Company  D  entered  a  fine  house  and 
found  the  table  in  the  dining  room  just  as  the  family  had  left  it, — 
the  food  untouched  and  the  coffee  cups  full.  Some  of  the  chairs 
were  tipped  over,  others  were  pushed  back.  The  cause  of  the 
evidently  hasty  departure  was  plain.  A  cannon  ball  had  come 
in  at  one  side  of  the  room,  passed  directly  over  the  table  and 


174  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

gone  out  through  the  opposite  wall  into  the  street.  The  men 
at  once  sat  down  and  enjoyed  a  good  dinner,  even  though  it  was 
cold.  The  occupants  of  this  house  were  apparently  wealthy 
people,  the  furnishings  were  elegant  and  a  fine  piano,  an  organ, 
violin,  flute  and  several  other  musical  instruments  were  found 
in  it.  An  interesting  concert  (?)  was  enjoyed.  In  the  cellar 
there  was  an  ample  supply  of  wines  and  liquors. 

While  lying  on  Caroline  street  that  day,  the  body  of  a  Union 
soldier  was  found.  He  had  been  wounded  in  the  leg,  but  had 
been  bayoneted  four  or  five  times  by  the  rebels  and  killed  that 
way.  A  brother  of  Lieut.  Edgar  M.  Newcomb  arrived  that 
day  to  visit  him,  and  it  was  a  fortunate  occurrence,  for  he  was 
present  to  nurse  him  on  the  following  day  when  the  brave  lieu- 
tenant received  his  mortal  wound. 

While  the  regiment  was  engaged  at  Fredericksburg,  Ben- 
jamin Falls,  of  Co.  A,  who  had  been  assigned  the  position  of 
company  cook,  protested  to  Capt.  Boyd  against  further  service 
in  that  capacity.  "If  you've  no  use  for  Ben  Falls,"  said  he, 
"send  me  home.  How  nice  it  will  look  when  I  write  to  my 
wife  that  the  regiment  fought  nobly  and  I  carried  the  kettles. 
I  either  want  a  musket  or  a  discharge,  and  I  prefer  the  musket. 
His  request  was  granted  and  after  that  he  had  his  position  in 
the  line  with  the  others  of  his  company. 

The  12th  of  December  passed,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
alarms,  very  quietly.  The  night  was  spent  in  the  different  houses, 
and  many  were  the  good  things  that  were  found. 

There  were  many  amusing  spectacles  resultant  from  over 
indulgence  in  the  various  drinkables  which  were  found.  Just 
about  dark,  one  of  the  men  of  the  regiment  was  seen  to  proceed 
rapidly  up  Caroline  street,  by  devious  lines,  toward  the  enemy's 
pickets,  with  a  live  goose  by  the  leg  in  one  hand  and  a  black 
bottle  by  the  neck  in  the  other,  in  pursuit  of  a  particularly 
lively  pig  and  singing  "I  Dreamt  I  Dwelt  in  Marble  Halls" 
with  the  utmost  power  of  a  voice  not  especially  melodious  at  any 
time  and  not  much  improved  by  his  recent  potations. 

In  the  beautiful  drawing  room  of  one  of  the  most  fashion- 
able houses  in  the  town  a  young  officer  of  the  Seventh  Michigan, 
who  by  reason  of  the  smoke  and  mud  on  him  would  haVe  been 


CROSSING    THE    RIVER    AT    FREDERICKSBURG.  175 

scarce  recognized  by  his  mother,  was  giving  a  performance  upon 
one  of  "Chickering's  Best"  for  the  benefit  of  an  audience  com- 
posed of  an  equally  presentable  crowd  of  survivors  of  the  "For- 
lorn Hope,"  Confederate  prisoners  and  darkies  in  about  equal 
proportions,  all  about  equally  under  the  influence  of  "John 
Barleycorn"  and  all  attending  to  the  performance  with  an 
assumption  of  studied  and  dignified  gravity  surpassingly  ludi- 
crous under  the  circumstances. 

Another  group  "on  pious  thoughts  intent,"  was  bringing 
quite  a  selection  of  anthems  to  a  close  with  the  old  hymn  of: 

' '  When  I  can  read  my  title  clear 
To  mansions  in  the  skies, 
I'll  bid  farewell  to  every  fear 

And  wipe  my  weeping  eyes." 

But  they  invariably  forgot  at  the  close  of  these  lines  the 
remainder  of  both  hymn  and  air.  As  a  consequence  they  sang 
at  least  twenty  times  with  great  unction  and  with  great  effect  these 
four  lines,  and  as  often  finished  with  "Jim  Along  Josey"  or 
"Carry  Me  Back  to  Old  Virginia."  At  last,  rather  suspecting 
that  there  was  a  hitch  somewhere  in  the  arrangements,  and  that 
it  must  be  in  the  hymn, they  concluded  to  have  one  more  loving 
drink  all  round  and  then  to  bed, — probably  their  usual  one, 
poor  fellows,  upon  their  Mother  Earth. 

Rich  furniture  became,  in  the  streets,  the  lounging  seat  or 
couch  of  some  tatterdemalions  whom  one  would  hardly  dream 
were  the  heroes  of  yesterday  and  were  to  be  among  the  heroes 
of  the  morrow.  Rich  carpets  were  cut  up  for  blankets,  cooking 
stoves  were  carried  into  the  streets  for  convenience  in  baking 
some  soldier's  dinner,  but  to  the  eternal  honor  of  soldiers  for  the 
first  time  in  possession  of  a  conquered  city,  neither  child  nor 
woman  was  insulted  or  treated  with  aught  but  chivalrous  respect, 
not  even  by  the  most  intoxicated  soldier  of  the  great  force  was 
any  home  invaded  if  defended  by  woman's  presence. 

In  one  house  the  officers  found  a  bureau  filled  with  articles 
of  women's  clothing.  It  was  clean  and  well  done  up.  They  put 
on  some  of  the  articles  and  masqueraded.  It  was  "Good  even- 
ing, Mrs.  Smith,"  "How  do  you  do  this  evening,  Miss  Jones?" 


176  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

— etc.,  for  some  time.  It  was  a  jolly  lark,  but  suddenly  a  distant 
report  was  heard, — whizz — and  a  crash,  as  a  shell  from  the  rebel 
works  came  tearing  through  the  house.  Never  did  anyone  get 
outside  of  night  cap  and  night  gown  quicker  than  did  these  offi- 
cers, who  were  willing  to  be  shot  as  men  but  not  as  women. 

Second  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  of  Co.  I,  occupied  the  room 
of  a  young  lady  whose  delicate  finery  was  spread  about  in  it.  He 
went  to  sleep  in  her  bed,  but  was  awakened  by  his  men  who  had 
spread  a  banquet  for  him  in  the  dining  room  below.  They  had 
secured  roast  duck,  biscuits  and  preserves  and  these  were  spread 
on  a  table  set  with  the  best  of  china.  Later,  they  found  a  barrel 
of  molasses  and  filled  their  canteens  with  it,  but  in  doing  so,  it  was 
tipped  over  and,  as  Lieut.  Adams  said,  "The  house  was  molasses 
from  cellar  to  attic. ' ' 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 

FREDERICKSBURG. 
DECEMBER    13,    1862. 

The  morning  of  Dec.  13,  1862,  opened  fresh  and  sharp  and 
the  men  were  up  at  daybreak.  Troops  had  for  eight  hours  been 
crossing  the  bridge  and  marching  to  the  front,  and  at  noon  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  received  its  orders  to  participate  in 
the  storming  of  Marye's  Heights. 

Dinner  was  served  a  little  before  noon  and  while  it  was  being 
eaten  a  shell  burst  directly  overhead,  causing  some  of  the  men  to 
move  hastily  away.  One  lieutenant  was  struck  on  the  arm  as  he 
was  pouring  out  a  cup  of  coffee.  He.  dropped  the  kettle  but 
fortunately  none  of  the  beverage  was  lost.  He  was  unharmed, 
although  he  was  lame  for  several  days.  Almost  before  dinner 
was  concluded  orders  were  received  to  "Fall  In"  and,  as  every- 
one was  anxious  to  get  into  the  fight,  which  they  knew  was  soon 
to  come,  the  line  was  quickly  formed. 

The  Ninth  Corps  was  in  advance,  the  Second  lay  in  support, 
in  line  by  Division, — Hancock,  French  and  Howard.  From  far 
away  upon  the  left  came  the  roar  of  Franklin's  guns,  but  the 
order  to  advance  did  not  come.  Sumner  fumed,  the  fiery  Hooker 
fretted  and  swore.  Hancock  stood  leaning  upon  his  sword,  a 
silent  statue  of  manly  beauty,  brave  and  true  as  handsome  and 
beloved.     French's  red  face  grew  redder,  and  Howard  prayed. 

As  the  men  waited,  from  the  centre  came  the  sound  of  a 
sputtering  fire  that  grew  momentarily  louder. 

Hooker  is  engaged! 

"Why  do  we  wait?     Yet  we  wait!     We  wait!" 

Now  the  Ninth  Corps  dresses  its  lines,  deploys  its  columns, 
and  advances.  The  storm  bursts  upon  the  right  with  dread, 
magnificent  power.     The  concentric  fire  of  many  guns  sweeps 

(177) 


178  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

the  heroic  Ninth.  They  near  the  foot  of  the  hill  and  from  be- 
hind the  Sunken  Road  and  the  stone  wall  bursts  a  bright  sheet  of 
flame.  The  blue  line  melts  away,  but  still  it  staggers  forward. 
Reno's  old  brigade  reaches  the  road.  They  hold  their  own. 
They  gather  head.  The  enemy  flee  up  the  hill  and  the  day  is  half 
won. 

Hancock  rushes  forward  with  his  division,  but  Early  flings 
himself  down  the  hill  with  his  fresh  troops, — a  few  minutes'  wild 
work  and  the  position  is  lost  again,  and  the  shattered  brigades  of 
the  Ninth  fall  back  in  the  rear  of  Hancock's  advancing  line. 

A  little  while  the  anxious  forces  held  in  reserve  await  the 
reforming  of  the  broken  Ninth,  Then  word  comes  that  Rey- 
nolds has  turned  the  enemy's  right,  and  they  hope, — and  wait. 

Then  they  hear  that  Reynolds  has  not  been  supported  and 
has  lost  what  he  so  bravely  won.  Then  Hancock  is  moving 
again.  Steadily  and  swiftly  his  gallant  forces  near  the  rebel 
works.  Again  pelts  that  storm  of  shell  upon  the  open  plain. 
Again  opens  that  rain  of  Hell  from  the  Sunken  Road  in  front. 
Again  the  line  of  blue  staggers  up  that  grassy  slope,  to  melt  away 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill  and  fall  back,  shattered,  bleeding  and 
breathless. 

The  guns  of  Franklin  and  Hooker  thunder  on  the  left  and 
centre.  French  advances.  The  shattered  commands  of  Han- 
cock and  of  Parks  give  him  passage  and  the  splendid  Third 
Division  rushes  over  the  bloody  slope  to  certain  death  beyond. 

With  awful  rage  the  anxiously  waiting  lines  held  in  abeyance 
see  them  slaughtered  as  were  those  who  had  gone  before,  and 
in  half  an  hour  French  reels  back  with  but  half  his  heroes. 

The  waiting  line  closes  up,  belts  are  tightened,  all  extra 
weights  thrown  away.  Silence  falls  upon  the  ranks,  for  all 
know  that  they  must  traverse  those  heaps  of  dead;  that  they, 
too,  must  soon  face  that  storm  of  death. 

They  wait,  and  at  last  the  order  comes  to  advance. 

At  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  lines  move  forward, 
slowly  at  first,  and  then  with  swifter  pace.  The  Twentieth 
Massachusetts  and  the  Seventh  Michigan  were  with  the  Nine- 
teenth and,  marching  by  the  left  flank,  the  regiments  followed 
the  bank  of  the  river  for  a  short  distance,  then,  turning  suddenly 


FREDERICKSBURG.  179 

to  the  right,  marched  up  Hanover  Street  in  company  front. 
Here  were  many  fine  buildings,  but  the  street  was  enfiladed  by 
the  rebel  guns.  Many  men  were  lying  dead  and  wounded  in 
the  middle  of  the  street.  Now  and  then  a  shell  came  bounding 
along.  To  avoid  the  shells,  the  men  were  ordered  to  take  to 
the  side-walk,  and  the  march  was  continued  at  a  quick-step. 
Gen.  O.  O  Howard  was  met  and  he  spoke  an  encouraging  word 
as  he  passed.  The  wounded  were  moving  to  the  rear  in  crowds, 
a  sickening  sight.  The  houses  soon  were  further  and  further 
apart  but  the  shells,  on  the  contrary,  came  nearer  and  nearer. 
The  air  was  full  of  missiles.  Soon  some  fences  were  encountered 
and  the  men  hastily  crawled  over,  through  or  under  them  and 
then  crossed  several  yards  surrounding  some  of  the  houses. 
Soon  they  reached  the  canal  which  intersects  the  city  and  found 
the  bridges  were  crowded  with  fugitives,  wounded  men  and 
stretcher  bearers.  The  regiment  pushed  across  the  ditch,  down 
one  side  and  up  the  other, — and  hurried  forward,  but  soon 
filed  to  the  right  and  formed  in  line  of  battle  in  a  field,  under 
cover  of  a  steep  bank  which  protected  them  from  the  rebel  shots 
and  which  formed  the  edge  of  a  plateau  reaching  to  the  rebel 
rifle  pits  at  the  foot  of  the  fortified  hills. 

While  the  regiment  was  waiting  for  the  line  to  be  extended 
to  the  right,  the  Nineteenth  Maine  regiment  filed  past.  This 
was  their  "Baptism  of  Fire."  It  was  amusing  to  see  the  effect 
of  the  cannon  shot  on  them.  As  each  shot  passed  over  the  regi- 
ment, from  right  to  left,  the  men  would  duck  their  heads  suc- 
cessively like  the  waving  of  grain  in  the  wind.  The  rebels  had 
a  good  line  shot,  but  could  not  depress  their  pieces  enough  to 
hit  them. 

The  line  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  had  hardly 
formed  when  Capt.  Weymouth  ordered  "Forward."  Up  the 
ascent  they  sprang,  and  on  toward  the  rifle  pits  of  the  enemy. 
The  plain  over  which  they  had  to  charge  was  some  four  hundred 
yards  in  width  and  had  a  gradual  rise  to  the  base  of  the  Heights. 
With  its  colors  well  to  the  front,  the  regiment, — a  mere  handful 
of  men, — advanced  across  the  plain.  The  dead  of  Parke,  of 
Hancock  and  of  French  lay   all  around  them,   the  grass  was 


180  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

slippery  with  their  blood,  their  ghastly  lips  seemed  to  appeal  for 
vengeance, — and  with  fierce  yells  the  line  rushed  on. 

When  the  men  reached  the  crest  of  the  bank  they  were  in 
full  view  of  the  enemy's  works  from  which  the  batteries  and 
infantry  opened  upon  them  with  such  effect  as  literally  to  sweep 
them,  reeling  and  staggering,  back  to  cover.  Shells  and  canister 
poured  down  upon  them  like  rain,  for  not  only  did  the  line  have 
to  withstand  the  awful  fire  from  the  front,  but  was  subjected  to 
an  enfilading  fire  from  the  batteries  on  the  rebel  left. 

The  two  color  bearers,  Sergt.  Ronello  B.  Creasey,  of  Co.  I, 
and  Corp.  Winfield  Rappell,  of  Co.  B,  were  among  the  first  to 
fall,  but  the  colors  were  instantly  picked  up  and  the  line  hastily 
withdrew. 

Re-forming,  under  cover  of  the  canal  bank,  the  regiment 
again  advanced  across  the  plain  toward  the  Heights,  under  the 
heavy  cross  fire  from  the  rebel  batteries  which  covered  every 
inch  of  the  field  up  to  the  point  where  they  could  no  longer  de- 
press their  guns.  In  this  charge  Capt.  Weymouth  was  wounded 
in  the  leg  and  fell  to  the  ground.  (His  leg  was  afterward  ampu- 
tated). The  command  then  devolved  upon  Capt.  Mahoney 
and,  almost  immediately,  he  too  fell  with  wounds  in  the  arm  and 
side.     Again  the  color  bearers  were  shot  down. 

Sergt.  Charles  B.  Brown,  of  Company  G,  was  the  seventh 
man  to  grasp  the  colors  and  he  quickly  received  a  wound  in  the 
head  which  stunned  him.  Lieut.  Hume,  thinking  the  wound  a 
mortal  one,  told  him  to  give  up  the  colors,  but  he  refused  saying, 
■"I  will  not  give  them  to  any  man."  Finding  that  he  was  fast 
becoming  weak,  Brown  rushed  out  in  advance  of  the  line,  stag- 
gered and  fell,  driving  the  color  lance  into  the  earth;  and  there 
he  lay,  dizzy  and  bleeding,  still  grasping  the  lance  with  both 
hands  until  Lieut.  Hume  caught  them  up. 

A  color  corporal  then  took  it,  while  Edgar  M.  Newcomb 
grasped  the  other,  the  bearer  of  which  had  also  fallen.  Lieut. 
Newcomb  shouted  "Forward"  and  the  quivering  line  sprang 
on  again,  but  as  he  spoke  the  brave  lieutenant  was  hit  by  a  shot 
which  passed  through  and  shattered  the  bones  of  both  legs  below 
the  knees.     As  he  fell,  he  handed  his  color  to  Second  Lieut 


FREDERICKSBURG.  181 

J.  G.  B.  Adams,  who  was  then  in  command  of  Co.  I.     "Don't 
let  them  go  down!"  exclaimed  Newcomb. 

("It  seemed  as  if  I  grasped  for  death,   expecting  every 

moment  to  be  my  last,"  said  Lieut.  Adams  afterward.) 

Instantly  the  color  corporal  with  the  other  flag  was  felled 
by  a  wound  and  it  was  grasped  by  Sergt.  Chas.  L.  Merrill,  of 
Co.  C  (Newcomb 's  Company)  and  he,  too,  fell  wounded.  The 
man  who  seized  the  flag  when  Sergt.  Merrill  fell  was  at  once 
struck  down  by  a  ball  and  as  the  color  again  dropped,  Lieut. 
Adams  caught  that  also. 

He  now  held  the  two  flags  of  the  regiment  in  his  hands. 
Through  the  staff  of  one  of  them  a  ball  had  passed  and  killed 
its  bearer,  and  a  cannon  shot  had  torn  a  great  hole  in  the  centre 
of  the  national  banner.  Directed  by  a  sudden  instinct,  and 
realizing  that  it  meant  sure  death  and  probably  the  loss  of  both 
colors  if  he  stayed  where  he  was,  Lieut.  Adams  rushed  across 
the  field  to  the  left  and  reached  the  shelter  of  a  fence.  The 
men  followed  him  and  here  the  regiment  was  reformed  and 
changed  front.  Then  as  they  lay  close  to  the  ground,  the  men 
had  a  good  opportunity  to  reply  to  the  fire  of  the  rebel  sharp- 
shooters, who  from  their  perfect  cover  of  rifle-pits  and  stone  wall 
had  poured  volley  after  volley  upon  them  at  short  range.  (For 
his  gallantry  in  this  action  Second  Lieutenant  Adams  was  pro- 
moted to  First  Lieutenant  and  afterward  given  a  medal  of  honor 
by    Congress.) 

Here  the  men  had  an  opportunity  to  look  over  the  roll- 
Capt.  Weymouth, commanding  the  regiment, had  lost  a  leg;Capt. 
Mahoney  had  been  wounded  in  the  arm  and  in  the  side;  Capt. 
Dunn  had  been  wounded  in  the  leg;  Lieut.  Newcomb,  wounded 
mortally;  Lieut.  Dodge, wounded  in  the  abdomen;  Lieut. Palmer » 
in  the  leg;  Lieut.  Chubbuck,  slightly,  while  Lieut.  Thomas  Claf- 
fey,  of  Lowell,  had  been  killed  while  he  was  in  front  of  the  line 
cheering  the  men  on.  Of  the  300  men  engaged,  104  were  lost, 
the  aggregate  being:  commissioned  officers  killed,  1 ;  wounded,  8; 
enlisted  men  killed,  13;  wounded,  75;  missing,  7 

The  command  of  the  regiment  devolved  upon  Capt.  J.  F. 
Plympton  and  it  was  ordered  to  fall  back  to  the  position  of  the- 
rest  of  the  brigade,  and  this  was  done  in  good  order.     At  mid-^ 


182  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

night,  the  regiment  was  relieved,  marched  back  to   the  city  in 
the  rain  and  bivouaced. 

The  slaughter  had  been  beyond  description.  It  is  said  that 
on  the  evening  of  the  13th,  because  of  the  dead  and  wounded  the 
plain  looked  blue,  but  on  the  following  morning  it  appeared 
white,  for  the  enemy  had  stripped  the  dead  for  the  sake  of  their 
clothing.  The  fate  of  the  men  in  the  First  and  Second  divisions 
of  the  Second  Corps,  who  had  preceded  that  containing  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  had  been  similar  to  its  own.  Gen.  Burn- 
side's  official  report  of  his  losses  was:  Killed,  1180;  wounded, 
9028;  missing,  2145. 

Says  Sergt.  Foster  of  the  regiment:  "No  one  who  has  not 
witnessed  such  a  scene  can  form  any  idea  of  the  awfulness  of 
that  hour,  the  fearful  screeching  of  the  shells,  the  ominous  buz" 
zing  and  vicious  whistling  of  canister  and  the  endless  "ping 
ping"  of  the  minie  balls,  while  the  reports  of  the  musketry  was 
one  continual  crash  and,  far  above  all,  the  thunderous  tones  of 
hundreds  of  cannon,  completely  drowned  the  encouraging  shouts 
of  the  officers.  The  whole  line  was  enveloped  in  a  cloud  of 
sulphurous  smoke,  almost  hiding  the  regiments  from  each  other 
and  through  which  crimson  flames  from  muskets  and  cannon 
darted  fiery  tongues.  What  carnage!  Comrades  fell  all  around 
you,  mangled  and  bleeding;  the  colors  go  down,  but  are  raised 
to  fall  again  and  again,  the  line  moves  forward  with  decreasing 
speed  until  when  past  the  centre  of  the  plain  it  finally  stops, 
fires  a  few  spasmodic  volleys,  wavers,  breaks  and  flees  to  the 
protection  of  the  bank  from  whence  it  had  started.  Then,  without 
delay,  it  re-forms,  moves  up  the  bank  and  the  tragedy  is  re- 
enacted.  Once  more  the  scattered  remnants  form  a  regimental 
line  and  are  led  forward  with  the  same  result." 

Bleeding  at  every  pore,  stunned  and  sore,  the  heroic  division 
reeled  back  to  the  town  to  count  its  dead  and  bind  up  its  wounds. 

In  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  Weymouth,  Mahoney 
and  Dunn  had  gone  down;  Newcomb  had  fallen  on  the  slope, 
with  the  colors  clasped  to  his  breast;  Adams  and  Hume,  both 
were  shot;  Chubbuck's  blood  stained  the  Avhite  standard  of  the 
Commonwealth;  Merrill,  stretched  upon  a  couch  of  pain,  had 
linked  his  name  with  those  twin  emblems  of  the  cause;  Dodge 


FREDERICKSBURG.  183 

had  borne  bloody  laurels  from  that  stricken  field;  Charles  Deve- 
reux  limped  with  pain;  Jewett  bore  four  wounds  from  the  affray, 
and  Mumford  and  Robinson,  it  was  sadly  felt,  would  never 
march  again. 

There  were  many  peculiar  incidents  of  the  battle,  among 
the  men  of  the  regiment.  Capt.  John  C.  Chadwick,  of  Co.  C, 
had  received  a  letter  just  as  he  started  into  the  fight  and  had  put 
it  into  his  pocket  without  reading.  After  the  battle  he  drew  it 
from  his  pocket  in  two  pieces,  cut  in  twain,  as  if  by  a  knife,  by 
a  minie  ball  which  had  passed  through  his  knapsack. 

Lieut.  Newcomb  had  been  left  mortally  wounded  upon 
the  field  and  after  the  men  reached  a  place  of  safety  behind  the 
fence,  Capt.  Chadwick  with  First  Sergt.  Wallace  T  George, 
of  Co.  C,  dashed  back  upon  the  field  to  get  him.  "Don't  touch 
my  legs"  cried  Newcomb,  as  they  undertook  to  lift  him.  They 
took  him  by  the  arms,  and,  dragging  his  legs  along  the  ground 
amid  a  shower  of  bullets,  they  got  him  through  the  fence,  put 
him  on  a  stetcher  and  sent  him  across  the  river  to  the  Lacy 
House,  where  he  died  a  week  later. 

That  accomplished  soldier,  Gen.  Couch,  says  the  men  were 
asked  to  conquer  an  impossibility. 

Gen.  Longstreet  says:  "The  charges  had  been  desperate 
and  bloody,  but  utterly  hopeless.  I  thought,  as  I  saw  the 
Federals  come  again  and  again  to  their  death,  that  they  deserved 
success,  if  courage  and  daring  could  entitle  soldiers  to  victory." 

General  Longstreet  describedthe  defence  of  Marye's  Heights 
as  follows: 

"An  idea  of  how  well  Marye's  Heights  was  protected  may 
be  obtained  from  the  following  incident:  Gen.  E.  P  Alexander, 
my  engineer  and  superintendent  of  artillery,  had  been  placing 
t  he  guns,  and,  in  going  over  the  field  with  him  before  the  battle, 
I  noticed  an  idle  cannon.  I  suggested  that  he  place  it  so  as  to 
aid  in  covering  the  field  in  front  of  Marye's  Hill.  He  answered, 
'Ceneral,  we  cover  that  ground  now  so  well  that  we  will  comb 
it  as  if  with  a  fine  comb.  A  chicken  could  not  live  on  that  field 
when  we  open  on  it.'  Gen.  Lee,  who  was  with  me  on  Lee's 
Hill,  became  uneasy  when  he  saw  the  attacks  so  promptly  re- 
newed and  pushed  forward  with  such  persistence,  and  feared 


184  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

the  Federals  might  break  through  our  lines.  After  the  third 
charge  he  said  to  me  'General,  they  are  massing  very  heavily 
and  will  break  your  line,  I  am  afraid. '  '  General,  I  replied,  if 
you  put  every  man  now  on  the  other  side  of  the  Potomac  on 
that  field  to  approach  me  over  the  same  line,  and  give  me  plenty 
of  ammunition,  I  will  kill  them  all  before  they  reach  my  line.'  ' ' 

Lieut.  Wm.  L.  Palmer  was  seriously  wounded  and  was 
being  carried  to  the  rear  by  two  of  his  men  when  a  recruit  dashed 
past  at  a  lively  pace.  The  lieutenant  grabbed  him  and  struck 
him  over  the  shoulders  with  the  flat  of  his  sword,  calling  him 
a  coward.  The  man  replied:  "I  know  I'm  a  coward,  and  a 
damned  coward"  and,  breaking  away  from  the  Lieutenant's 
weak  grasp,  ran  down  the  street,  amid  a  shower  of  bullets,  dis- 
appearing among  the  crowd  at  the  bridge.  He  had  been  at  the 
very  front  in  the  fight  but  had  become  suddenly  panic-stricken 
and  fled. 

At  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  a  few  months  later,  this  man 
was  in  the  front  line  on  the  second  day  and  on  the  third  day, 
despite  the  fact  that  he  had  a  premonition  that  he  was  to  be 
killed,  he  moved  bravely  forward  with  his  company  to  meet  the 
advancing  foe  and  fell  —  a  hero. 

On  the  morning  following  the  engagement  at  Marye's 
Heights,  the  regiment  received  orders  to  take  position  in  the 
rear  where  it  remained  until  Monday  at  7  P.M.,  when  it  ad- 
vanced to  the  next  line.  A  detail  was  then  made  of  one  com- 
missioned officer  and  25  men  for  a  fatigue  party.  After  having 
been  gone  an  hour,  they  returned  and  orders  came  to  re-cross 
the  river  and  cover  the  retreat  of  the  army.  The  regiment 
reached  Falmouth  after  midnight.  Private  Joseph  Seaver,  of 
Co.  B,  was  killed  while  crossing  the  bridge  in  the  darkness. 

It  had  been  claimed  by  some  that  the  Twentieth  Massachu- 
setts regiment  took  part  on  the  crossing  of  the  Rappahannock, 
to  Fredericksburg,  in  the  open  pontoon  boats.  It  is  certain  that 
some  few  men  of  the  Twentieth  did  get  into  the  boats  with  the 
Nineteenth,  but  the  Twentieth  as  a  body,  followed  the  Nine- 
teenth in  the  boats,  after  the  Nineteenth  with  the  Seventh  Michi- 
gan, had  landed  and  driven  the  enemy  back. 


FREDERICKSBURG.  185 

The  official  reports  on  this  subject  are  as  follows: 

Headquarters,  Second  Division,  Second  Corps 

December  19th,  1862. 

Colonel:  I  have  the  honor  to  state  that  the  Seventh 
Michigan  passed  over  not  far  from  3  P  M.  The  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  | followed  immediately,  at  about  3.30  P.  M.,  it 
having  been  necessary  for  the  boats  to  cross  twice  with  the 
Seventh  Michigan.  The  boats  crossed  three  times  to  carry 
over  the  Nineteenth.  The  bridge  was  commenced  after  the 
Nineteenth  had  crossed,  and  completed  at  sunset,  about  4.30. 
The  Twentieth  followed  the  Nineteenth  in  boats  before  the 
bridge  was  completed.     No  other  regiments  crossed  in  boats. 

"The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  having  lost  two  regi- 
mental commanders,  it  cannot  be  ascertained  with  certainty 
what  its  losses  were  in  that  affair,  separate  from  the  following 
battles.  Col.  Hall  thinks  there  were  about  10  killed  and  about 
28  wounded. 

O.  O.  Howard, 

Brig.  Gen.,  Commadg.  Div. 

Report  of  Gen.  O.  O  Howard  Com'd'g  2d  Div. 
2d  Corps,  dated  Dec.  19th,  1862  to  Corps.  H.  Q. 
"I  think  the  Seventh  Michigan  Regiment,  also  the  Nineteenth 
and  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  deserve  honorable  and  public 
mention  for  gallantry  in  crossing  the  river  and  securing  a  foot- 
hold in  the  town  of  Fredericksburg  on  the  evening  of  the  11th 
instant." 

The  crossing  of  the  river  in  the  boats  gave  rise  to  one  of  the 
poems  written  during  the  war  by  George  H.  Boker  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

"They  leaped  into  the  rocking  shallops — 

Ten  offered  where  one  could  go ; 
And  the  breeze  was  alive  with  laughter 
Till  the  boatmen  began  to  row 

And  many  a  brave,  stout  fellow 

AVho  sprang  in  the  boats  with  mirth 
Ere  thoy  made  that  fatal  crossing 

AY  as  onlv  lifeless  earth. 


186  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Cheer  after  cheer  we  sent  them 

As  only  Armies  can, — 
Cheers  for  old  Massachusetts, — 

Cheers  for  Young  Michigan. 

They  formed  in  line  of  battle, 

Not  a  man  was  out  of  place ; 
Then  with  levelled  steel  they  hurled  them 

Straight  in  the  rebel's  face." 


CaSUALITIES   AT   FREDERICKSBURG,     DEC.  11 13,  1862. 

KILLED  IN  ACTION  OR  DIED  OF  WOUNDS: 

Co.   A.       Private  Gilman  F.  Nichols,  Died  Dec.  11. 

Private  Edward  D.  Noyes,  "  Dec.  13. 

Private  Leroy  A.  Nelson,  "  Dec.  13. 

Private  Charles  Hudson,  "  Dec.  14. 

Co.  B.       Second  Lieut.  Thomas  Claffey,  "  Dec.  13. 

Corporal  Winfield  Rappell,  "  Dec.  13. 

Private  Peter  Wallace,  "  Dec.  11. 

Private  Joseph  A.  Guilford,  "  Dec.  11. 

Private  Conwell  Merritt,  "  Dec.  13. 

Private  Joseph  Seaver,  "  Dec.  14- 

Private  Daniel  P  Howard,  "  Dec.  15. 

Private  Joseph  TV  Morrison,  "  Dec.  17 

Private  Ezra  S.  Dudley,  "  Dec.  13. 

Co.  C.       First  Lieut.  Edgar  M.  Newcomb,  "  Dec.  20. 

Co.   D.       Private  Moses  C.  Little,  "  Dec.  11. 

Private  Michael  Redding,  "  Dec.  11. 

Co.   E.       Corporal  Michael  Cronin,  "  Dec.  13. 

Private  Patrick  Hagerty,  "  Dec.  13 

Co.  H.       Corporal  George  A.  Brown,  "  Dec.  17 

Co.  I.        Sergeant  Ronello  B.  Creasey,  "  Dec.  14. 

Co.  K.       Private  Walter  S.  Penniman,  "  Dec.  11. 

Private  Charles  E.  Smith,  "  Dec.  18. 

Private  George  W   Allen,  "  Dec.  13. 
Total         2  Officers,  21  Enlisted  Men. 

WOUNDED    IN    ACTION: 

Co.   A.       First  Lieut.  William  L.  Palmer,  leg,  severely. 
Sergeant  William  Atkinson,  arm,  severely. 


FREDERICKSBURG.  187 

Corporal  Patrick  Dunn,  head,  severely. 
Corporal  Stephen  Noyes,  leg,  slight. 
Private  Edward  S.  Bartlett,  head,  severely. 
Private  George  Y.  Bradley,  leg,  slight. 
Private  Thomas  S.  Bradley,  hand,  slight. 
Private  Augustus  S.  Chase,  arm,  amputated. 
Private  James  Porter,  hand. 
Private  Philip  Roth,  hand. 
Private  Charles  W    Merrill,  foot. 

Total.       Company  A,  1  Officer,  10  Enlisted  Men. 

Co.  B.       First  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks,  right  arm. 
Corporal  Thomas  A.  Mitchell,  leg. 
Corporal  John  F    Jordan,  face,  severely. 
Private  Angelo  Chiconi,  leg. 

Private  William  Braslow,  ankle,  severe;  wrist,  slight. 
Private  Augustus  W    Bruce,  both  legs,  severely. 
Private  Charles  E.  Clements,  shoulder,  severely. 
Private  George  Dew,  leg. 
Private  John  Q.  A.  Ferguson,  arm. 
Private  James  G.  Kent,  both  legs,  severely. 
Private  James  A.  Kent,  face. 
Private  Henry  Orr,  thigh,  severely. 
Private  James  Porter,  ankle,  severely 
Private  Theodore  R.  Perkins,  leg. 
Private  Shubell  D.  Rogers,  arm. 
Total  1  Officer,  14  Men. 

Co.   C.       Sergeant  Charles  L.  Merrill,  thigh. 
Corporal  George  Danforth,  arm. 
Private  Henry  E.  Palmer,  foot. 
Private  Benjamin  E.  Whitten,  thigh,  severely. 
Private  John  Barry. 
Private  Daniel  Pearson. 
Total     6  Men. 

Co.   D.       Captain  Moncena  Dunn,  thigh,  severely. 

First  Lieut.  James  G    C.  Dodge,  breast,  severe. 
Serjeant  Edward  Z.  Brailey,  groin,  severe. 


188  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Corporal  John  J.  Jacques,  foot,  slightly. 
Private  Richmond  Beatty,  leg,  slightly. 
Total  2  Officers,  3  Men. 

Co.  E.        Captain  Andrew  Mahoney,  arm  and  side,  severely. 
Corporal  John  Barter,  shoulder,  severely. 
Private  James  Stevens,  thigh,  severely. 
Private  John  Deering,  ankle,  slight. 
Private  David  F.  Colburn,  thigh,  severe. 
Private  Timothy  Harrington,  arm,  severe. 
Private  Mark  Grey,  ankle,  slightly. 
Total  1  Officer,  6  Men. 

Co.  F.        Sergeant  John  B.  Thompson,  leg. 
Corporal  Moses  P   Bixby,  neck. 
Corporal  Nelson  E.  Knight,  thigh. 
Private  Samuel  W   Day,  foiehead  and  side,  severe. 
Private  Humphrey  Murphy,  both  legs,  severe. 
Private  James  McNally,  thigh. 

Private  Richard  Westacott,  both  legs.  (Died  Dec.  30.) 
Total  7  Men. 

Co.   G.       Sergeant  Hugh  J.  Carr,  thigh. 

Sergeant  Charles  B.  Brown,  head. 
Corporal  James  H.  H.  Phillips,  arm. 
Private  James  Connelly,  arm. 
Private  John  Eagan,  leg. 
Private  Randolph  Caldwell,  side,  severe. 
Private  Thomas  Leahy,  leg. 
Private  Richard  Flynn,  shoulder. 
Total  8  Men. 

Co.  H        Sergeant  Abijah  F.  Hitchings,  leg,  severe. 
Corporal  John  E.  Douglas,  arm,  severe. 
Corporal  Henry  C.  Farrington,  leg,  severe. 
Private  William  H.  Bingham,  groin. 
Private  Henry  Fitz,  both  legs,  severe. 
Private  Horace  D.  Perry,  thigh. 
Private  William  J.  Tirrell,  leg. 
Total  7  Men. 


FREDERICKSBURG. 


189 


Co.  I.         Private  James  Boyle,  arm,  amputated.  (Died  Jan.  2, 

1863.) 
Private  John  W   Hunter,  arm,  severe. 
Private  James  Smith,  hand. 
Private  Walter  C.  Williston,  leg,  severe. 
Private  George  Lamb,  finger. 
Private  James  Ford,  arm. 

Total  6  Men. 

Co.  K.       Captain  H.  G.  O.  Weymouth,  knee,  severe.  (Leg  am- 
putated.) 

First  Lieut.  Lysander  J.  Hume,  foot. 

Corporal  Daniel  Barrett,  side. 

Corporal  Patrick  Hardy,  side. 

Private  D.  J.  M.  A.  Jewett,  wrist. 

Private  Joseph  E.  Hodgkins,  arm. 

Private  James  McCallom,  leg. 

Private  Charles  McDavitt,  arm,  amputated. 
Total  2  Officers,  6  Men. 

MISSING. 

Co.  C.  Corporal  George  A.  Cheney. 
Co.  H.  Private  Alfred  A.  Raymond. 
Co.  I.        Martin  Bradburn. 

Total  Missing  3  Men. 


RECAPITULATION. 


Company  A 
Company  B 
Company  C 
Company  D 
Company  E 
Company  F 
Company  G 
Company  H 
Company  I 
Company  K 


Killed  . 
Wounded 
Missing 


officers 

killed  or  died 

of  wounds 


Officers 
Wounded 


Enlisted  men 

killed  or  died 

of  wounds 


Enlisted         Enlisted 

Men  Men 

Wounded        Missing 


1 

4 

10 

1 

1 

8 

14 

.... 

1 

6 

1 

~~2 

2 

3 

.... 

.... 

1 

•i 

6 

7 

s 

.... 

1 

8 

1 

1 

6 

1 

2 

3 

6 

.... 

21 


74 


23 

81 

3 


Total, 


107 


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FREDERICKSBURG.  191 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  the  roster  of  the  officers  of 
the  regiment  at  the  close  of  the  year,  1862: 
1   Major  killed  at  Glendale. 

1   Assistant  Surgeon  promoted  Surgeon  of  14th  regiment. 
1   Chaplain  transferred  to  22nd  regiment. 
1   Major  promoted  Lieutenant  Colonel  41st  Regt.  Mass.  Vol. 

1  Assistant  Surgeon  died  in  hospital. 

2  Captains  promoted  Majors. 

1   Captain  killed.     Battle  of  Antietam,  Sept.  17th,  1862. 

7  First  Lieutenants  promoted  Captains. 

1  First  Lieutenant  killed  battle  Fair  Oaks,  June  30,  1862. 

1  First  Lieutenant  died  of  wounds  received  at  Fredericksburg. 
13  Second  Lieutenants  promoted  First  Lieutenants. 

2  Second  Lieutenants  killed  in  battle. 

1  Second  Lieutenant  discharged  by  sentence  of  Court  Martial. 
1   Second  Lieutenant  dropped  from  the  rolls. 
22  Second  Lieutenants  having  been  taken  from  enlisted  men. 
1  First  Lieutenant  and  1  Second  Lieutenant  having  been  taken 

from    civilians. 
37  Commissions  have  been  made  for  this  regiment  during  the 
year  1862. 

On  December  31st,  1862,  there  was  a  total  of: 

Enlisted  men  present  and  absent,  457 

Commissioned  officers  present  and  absent  35 

Aggregate,  492 

Recruits  required,  527 

The  regimental  return,  dated  Dec.  31st,  1862,  shows  the 
following: 

Col.  E.  W   Hinks,  absent  with  leave,  wounded  Sept.  17 
Lieut.  Col.  Arthur  F.  Devereux,  in  command  of  3d  Brig.  2nd 

Div   2nd  Corps. 
Maj.  EdmundRice,absentwith  leave,  severely  wounded  Sept.17 
Adjt.  William  L.  Palmer,  absent,  severely  wounded  Dec.  13. 
Co.   A.       Capt.  Isaac  H.  Boyd,  promoted  to  captain  to  date 

Nov.  21,  vice  Russell,  discharged. 
Co.  B.        Capt.     Henry   A.    Hale,    absent,    severely    wounded 
Sept.   17. 


192  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

First  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks,  in  command  of  com- 
pany— transferred  from  Co.  E. 

Second  Lieut.  Moses  Shackley,  promoted  from  Sergt. 
Co.  B  to  be  2nd  Lieut,  to  date  Nov.  13,  vice  New- 
comb,  promoted. 
Co.  C.  Second  Lieut.  Chas.  P  Abbott,  on  detached  service 
3d  Brig,  staff.  Promoted  from  Sergt.  Co.  B  to 
date  Sept.  18,  vice  Mumford,  promoted. 
Co.   D.       Capt.  Moncena  Dunn,  absent,  wounded  Dec.  13. 

First  Lieut.  J.  G.  C.  Dodge,  absent,  wounded  Dec.  13. 

2nd    Lieut.    David    T.    Chubbuck   in    command    of 
Company. 
Co.   E.        Capt.  Andrew  Mahoney,   absent,  severely  wounded 
Dec.  13. 

1st  Lieut.   John  P    Reynolds,  Jr.,  absent,  wounded 
Sept.  17,  transferred  from  Co.  B. 

2nd   Lieut.    Ephraim   A.    Hall,    Jr.,   promoted  from 
Sergeant   Major   to    date   Oct.    14,   vice    Crofts, 
dropped  from  rolls. 
Co.  F         Capt.   James  H.   Rice,   absent  in  Massachusetts  re- 
cruiting, wounded. 

First  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Hill,  in  command  of   company. 

2nd  Lieut.   James  B.   Moore,   promoted  from  First 
Sergt.  Co.  I.  to  date  Nov.   21,  vice  Driver,  pro- 
moted.    On  special  duty  commanding  Co.  H. 
Co.   G.       Capt.  C.  M.  Merritt,  absent,  in  Washington  at  Head- 
quarters Mil.  Dist.  on  duty. 

First  Lieut.   Dudley  C.   Mumford,  in  command  of 
Company. 
Co.  H.        Capt.  C.  U.  Devereux,  absent  in  Massachusetts,  re- 
cruiting, wounded. 

First  Lieut.  William  R.  Driver,  acting  Adjutant,  pro- 
moted from  Lieutenant  to  date  November  21,  vice 
Boyd,  promoted. 
Co.  I.         Capt.  Johnathan  F.   Plympton  in  command  of  regi- 
ment. 

First  Lieut.  Samuel  S.  Prime,  sick  in  Massachusetts. 


FREDERICKSBURG.  193 

Second  Lieut.   John  G.  B.  Adams,   in   command  of 
company. 
Co.  K.       Capt.   H.    G.    O.   Weymouth,   in   General   Hospital, 
severely  wounded  December  13. 

First  Lieut.  Lysander  J.  Hume,  absent,  wounded  De- 
cember 13. 

Second  Lieut.  Charles  H.  Wellock,  in  command  of 
company. 

Surgeon  J.  Franklin  Dyer,  surgeon  in  chief,  Second 
Division,  Second  Corps,  on  special  duty. 

Assistant  Surgeon  Josiah  H.  Willard,  absent  sick. 

Assistant  Surgeon  V   R.  Stone,  present. 

Chaplain  Ezra  D.  Winslow,  discharged  for  disability 
[by S.  O.  395,  W-  D.,  A.  G.  O.  Dec.  15  to  date  Dec. 
12.     (This  office  was  not  again  filled.) 

First  Lieut.  Edgar  M.  Newcomb,  died  Dec.  20, 1862,  at 
Falmouth,  Va.,  from  wounds  received  at  Fredericks- 
burg, Dec.  13,  promoted  from  Second  Lieutenant  to 
First  Lieutenant,  to  date  Nov.  13,  vice  Thorndike 
discharged. 

Second  Lieut.  Thomas  Claffey,  killed  in  action   De- 
cember 13. 
The  following  enlisted  men  had  been  transferred  to  the  reg- 
ular army: 

Private  Patrick  Kelly,  F,  Oct.  23,  1862  to  Batt.  A., 
4th  U.  S.  Arty. 

Private  Charles  Sharkey,  F,  Oct.  23,  1862,  to  Batt.  A, 
4th  U.  S.  Arty.  * 

Private  Geo.  F.  Goodwin,  F,  Oct.  26,  1862,  to  Batt.  C, 
4th  U.  S.  Arty. 

Private  Timothy  Quinn,  F,  Oct.  25,  1862,  to  Batt.  C, 
4th  U.  S.  Arty. 

Private  Geo.  A.  Burnham,  F,  Nov.  13,  1862,  Batt.  C, 
4th  U.  S.  Arty. 

Private  John  Moran,  F,  Oct.  26,  1862,  to  Batt.  M, 
3rd  U.  S.  Artv 


194  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Private  Wm.  Gardner,  F,  Oct.  26,  1862,  to  Batt.  M, 

3rd  U.  S.  Arty. 
Private  Michael  Riley,  B,  Nov.  15,  1862,  to  15th  U.  S. 

Inf. 
Private  James  Welsh,  E,  Nov.  10,  1862,  to  15th  U.  S. 

Inf. 
Private  Jeremiah  Silk,  B,  Oct.  25,  1862,  to  Batt.  C, 

4th  U.  S.  Arty. 
Private  Wm.  P  Dennis,  H,  Oct.  22,  1862,  to  Batt.  C, 

4th  U.  S.  Arty. 
Private  Geo.  H.  A.  Ball,  Nov.  4,  3rd  U.  S.  Cav. 


CHAPTER  XXIV 

THE    WINTER    CAMP    AT    FALMOUTH. 

The  men  of  the  army  were  much  depressed  over  the  result 
of  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  but  rest,  better  rations  and  the 
coming  of  the  paymaster  soon  put  them  in  a  good  frame  of  mind. 

Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  returned  to  the  command  of  the  regi- 
ment during  January  and  Capt.  Henry  A.  Hale,  having  re- 
covered from  his  wounds,  reported  for  duty  in  command  of 
Company  B,  on  Jan.  1.  Second  Lieut.  Moses  Shackley,  of 
Co.  B,  returned  from  recruiting  duty  on  Jan.  24.  First  Lieut. 
Samuel  S.  Prime,  worn  out  by  the  fatiguing  campaigns,  resigned 
on  Jan.  21  and  received  an  honorable  discharge. 

For  the  camp  at  Falmouth,  a  place  was  chosen  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  village,  in  a  crescent  shaped  indentation  in  the 
hills  which  protected  it  from  the  northerly  and  westerly  winds 
and,  having  a  southern  exposure,  made  the  camp  a  very  com- 
fortable winter  home.  There  was  a  small  space  of  open  ground 
in  front,  which  was  used  for  a  parade  ground.  In  front  of  this 
ran  a  creek,  which,  during  the  heavy  rains,  was  impassable. 
In  consequence  of  this  a  bridge  was  thrown  across  and  the  men 
once  more  prepared  for  winter  by  logging  up  the  tents. 

The  commissary  department  procured  iron  shields  for  the 
tops  of  the  ovens  and  a  regimental  bakery  was  built,  Levi  Woofin- 
dale,  of  Co.  B,  being  appointed  regimental  baker.  By  this 
appointment  the  men  profited  greatly,  being  supplied  with  soft 
bread  of  an  excellent  quality  and  often  hot  from  the  oven.  On 
Sundays  baked  beans  were  served  and,  in  exchange  for  cash, 
the  men  could  get  brown  bread  and  ginger  bread.  After  Gen. 
Hooker  took  command  the  regiments  were  excellently  provided 
for.  Many  stricken  ones  of  earlier  fields  returned  to  the  regi- 
ment and  the  wasted  ranks  gradually  became  better  filled. 

In  addition  to  doing  provost  duty  in  the  town,  the  regiment 

(195) 


196  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

had  to  picket  the  river.  This  made  the  duty  constant  and  the 
men  were  either  on  provost  duty  in  the  town  or  at  picket  duty 
at  the  river  every  other  day.  Sometimes  it  would  happen  that 
they  would  have  two  days  in  succession  on  guard.  In  conse- 
quence of  this  extra  duty,  very  little  drilling  was  done  until  after 
the  Chancellorsville  battle.  There  was  very  little  restraint 
imposed  upon  the  men  and  they  were  allowed,  when  off  duty, 
to  wander  around  the  country  considerably,  which  liberty  was 
seldom  abused. 

In  fair  weather  the  picket  duty  was  enjoyable.  The  men 
kept  on  the  best  of  terms  with  their  gray  "friends"  across  the 
river  and  often  conversed  with  them.  Some  trading  was  done 
among  them  by  means  of  pieces  of  boards,  cut  boat  shape  and 
provided  with  a  sail,  usually  a  newspaper,  which  could  be  ex- 
changed on  reaching  the  opposite  shore.  In  this  way  each 
side  learned  the  news.  The  chief  commodities  exchanged  were 
tobacco  from  the  South  and  coffee  from  the  North,  although 
other  articles  were  sometimes  sent  over.  When  the  shad  began 
to  run,  large  details  of  the  "Johnnies"  came  down  to  the  river 
to  fish  for  them.  Large  seines  were  used  and  the  men,  wading 
up  to  their  chins  in  the  cold  water,  would  carry  them  around 
the  fish.  They  had  one  boat  in  use  and  sometimes  rowed  so 
near  the  northern  shore  that  the  Union  pickets  could  throw  a 
stone  into  the  boat.  The  rebels  watched  the  pickets  sharply 
at  these  times  but  were  never  molested  farther  than  to  be  invited 
to  "come  over  and  give  us  a  shad." 

On  one  day  when  the  jregiment  was  on  picket  duty  at  the 
river,  and  had  just  formed  line  to  return  to  camp,  Gen.  Oliver  O. 
Howard,  in  command  of  the  division,  rode  up  and  made  a  short 
address  in  which  he  complimented  the  regiment  very  highly  for 
the  part  it  had  taken  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  closed 
by  saying,  ' '  Men  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  I  love  you. 
You  have  done  nobly.  God  bless  you.  Go  on  and  continue  to  do 
as  you  have  done."     The  men  applauded  him  as  he  concluded. 

While  at  Falmouth,  the  men  received  many  boxes  from 
home.  Adjt.  Hill  received  one  which  contained  a  turkey.  Un- 
fortunately the  box  had  been  on  the  road  for  a  long  time  and  the 
bird  was  so  mouldy  that  the  meat  was  hardly  visible.     The 


THE    WINTER   CAMP    AT   FALMOUTH.  197 

adjutant's  good  humor  was  superior  to  disappointment,  how- 
ever, and  he  at  once  arranged  with  the  other  officers  to  have 
the  bird  suitably  interred.  The  ' '  corpse ' '  lay  ' '  in  state ' '  during 
the  day,  and  was  properly  "waked"  until  midnight,  when  a 
number  of  officers  assembled  in  line.  First  came  the  largest 
negro  in  camp  as  drum  major;  then  Capt.  "Jack"  Adams  as 
marshal,  master  of  ceremonies  and  comb-band.  Behind  him 
was  Quartermaster  Winthrop,  with  reversed  carbine,  as  firing 
party.  Directly  behind  him  were  four  negroes,  two  large  and 
two  small,  bearing  between  them  two  sticks  upon  which  rested 
a  cracker  box, — the  casket  of  the  "deceased."  Then  came 
the  mourners  (officers  who  had  anticipated  eating  the  turkey),  all 
so  disguised  that  even  their  mothers  would  not  have  known 
them. 

With  bowed  head  and  solemn  mien,  the  sombre  column 
moved  with  measured  tread  to  the  creek.  Capt.  Adams,  in  his 
capacity  of  the  band,  was  "combing  out"  the  Dead  March  from 
Saul.  As  they  reached  the  creek,  filled  to  the  brink  by  the  recent 
rains,  the  column  halted  and  the  pall  bearers  deposited  their 
burden  upon  the  bank.  The  others  formed  in  half  circle  around 
it,  with  uncovered  heads  and  then  Capt.  ' '  Jack, ' '  after  a  few 
earnest  words  as  to  the  goodness  and  virtue  of  the  dear  departed, 
cast  the  cracker  box  and  its  contents  into  the  flood.  As  the 
turbid  waters  bore  it  out  of  sight,  the  column  re-formed,  and, 
to  the  tune  of  Yankee  Doodle  on  the  comb,  marched  back  to 
camp. 

From  Capt.  Adams'  Memoirs,  the  following  interesting 
incidents  are  obtained: 

"One  day  a  light  snow  had  fallen  and  the  men  began  to 
snowball  each  other.  Soon  companies  were  engaged  and  the 
right  and  left  wings  of  the  regiment  were  pitted  against  each  other. 
I  was  with  the  left  wing  and  we  were  holding  our  own  when  the 
drum  corps  re-enforced  the  right.  Up  to  this  time  "Head- 
quarters" had  been  spectators,  but  they  became  excited  and 
joined  the  right  wing.  With  such  reinforcements,  the  battle 
would  soon  be  lost  to  us,  but  I  remembered  that  some  twenty  of 
our  negro  servants  were  in  the  rear  of  the  hospital  tent  and  I 
went  to  them  and  offered  bounty  if  thev  would  enlist.      Having 


198  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

loaded  every  one  with  an  armful  of  snowballs,  I  charged  over 
the  hill  and  attacked  "Headquarters"  by  the  flank.  If  any 
one  doubts  the  bravery  of  colored  troops,  he  should  have  seen 
my  "Army"  that  day.  They  rushed  upon  the  foe,  regardless 
of  who  he  was.  Their  ammunition  exhausted,  they  started  on 
the  charge,  with  heads  down,  and  butted  all  before  them. 
"  Headquarters  "^vanished.  The  right  wing  gave  way  and  the 
left  held  the  field.  It  was  the  first  battle  won  by  colored  troops 
in  the  war  and  proved  that  they  could  fight  if  well  officered. ' ' 

During  the  month  of  January,  1863,  Assistant  Surgeon 
B.  F  Taft  was  transferred  to  the  regiment  from  the  Twentieth 
Massachusetts  and  Assistant  Surgeon  Josiah  N.  Willard  was 
promoted  to  be  surgeon  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Heavy  Artil- 
lery. There  were  numerous  changes  among  the  men,  also,  the 
return  for  February  showing  that  there  were  52  enlisted  men 
discharged  for  disability,  on  account  of  wounds,  etc. 

With  Col.  Hinks,  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux,  Maj.  Rice,  Adjt. 
Palmer  and  Quartermaster  Briggs  all  absent  under  surgeon's 
certificates,  the  regiment  for  some  time  was  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  Hale.  Capt.  Boyd  was  acting  Major,  and  First  Lieut. 
Elisha  A.  Hinks  was  Acting  Quartermaster.  There  was  always 
a  great  deal  of  fun  going  on  in  camp,  and  the  fact  that  the  senior 
officers  were  absent  did  not  act  as  a  curb  upon  the  fun-loving 
men,  by  any  means.  "GOAKS"  were  played  upon  each  other 
and  sometimes  even  on  the  commanding  officers  at  dress  parade. 
The  strains  of 

"  Doo-id-iddle,     doo-id-iddle,     do-id-iddle-dum" 

even  now  recall  amusing  episodes, — to  say  nothing  of  the 
"Horse  Show"  of  February  22,  when  "LadyDupar,"  "Spike 
Tail"  and  "Palmer's  Wood  Box"  were  put  in  view.  The 
"inauguration"  of  Moses  Shackley  when  he  received  his 
Second  Lieutenant's  commission,  the  blackberry  jam  from  the 
sutler's  tent,  the  court-martial  in  the  Sibley  tent  on  the  hill, — all 
are  recollections  stored  away  on  the  tablets  of  the  memory  and 
once  in  a  while  are  brought  up  and  retold. 

As  spring  approached  the  spirits  of  the  men  arose  and  with 
full  stomachs  they  were  once  more  ready  to  fight- 


THE    WINTER    CAMP    AT   FALMOUTH.  199 

The  regiment  did  not  make  the  "Mud  March"  with  Burn- 
side,  but  remained  quiet  until  Spring.  The  famous  chalk 
sign — "Burnside  stuck  in  the  mud"  was  plainly  visible  across 
the  river,  where  it  had  been  placed  by  some  humorous  rebel. 
Gen.  Hooker,  who  had  been  placed  in  command  of  the  Army 
made  himself  very  popular  with  the  men.  His  first  order  to  the 
troops  had  concluded.  "We  are  here  to  fight  and  whip  the 
enemy.  We  will  fight  him  wherever  and  whenever  we  find  him. 
Our  watchword  will  be  Fight!  Fight!  Fight!"  He  granted 
furloughs  and  saw  to  it  that  the  men  had  plenty  of  potatoes  and 
other  vegetables,  the  want  of  which  had  been  severely  felt. 

On  the  warm  spring  days  the  more  athletic  among  the  men 
secured  base  balls  and  foot  balls  and  had  match  games  with 
those  of  the  Seventh  Michigan.  One  ball  game  was  played  for 
$60.  a  side.  The  privates  who  played  on  the  winning  side  re- 
ceived $10.  each  and  the  balance  was  spent  for  a  supper,  at 
which  both  clubs  were  present. 

Gen.  Hooker  ordered  a  thorough  inspection  of  every  regi- 
ment and  battery  in  the  Army,  being  determined  to  ascertain 
its  exact  condition  in  all  respects.  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  was 
selected  as  Inspector  of  the  second  Division,  second  Corps.  At 
this  time  (March  16,  1863)  the  regiment  had  but  407  enlisted 
men,  present  and  absent.  Only  217  were  present  for  duty  and 
even  this  small  number  included  a  goodly  percentage  of  men 
on  "Extra  and  Daily  Duty." 

Capt.  Mahoney,  then  in  command  of  the  regiment,  wrote 
to  Gov.  Andrew  as  follows:  "Of  the  170  absent  enlisted  men, 
most  of  whom  are  sick  or  wounded,  many  have  already  been 
discharged,  not  more  than  thirty  of  them  will  return  to  duty 
Experience  has  shown  us  that  recruits,  if  placed  in  an  old  regi- 
ment and  mingled  in  the  ranks  with  veterans,  behave  as  well  in 
the  field  as  old  soldiers  and  we  believe  that  if  our  regiment  could 
be  filled  to  the  maximum,  in  a  short  time  it  could  take  the  field 
in  a  better  condition  for  active  service  than  ever  before. 

If  we  go  through  another  severe  campaign  with  our  present 
small  number,  our  regimental  organization  will  be  almost 
extinct  and  if  then  recruited,  it  will  be  almost  entirely  a  new 
regiment.      We  are  receiving  no  recruits   at   present  but   it  is 


200  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

believed  that  if  the  regiment  could  return  to  Massachusetts, 

that  by  the  exertions  of  its  officers  and  men,  assisted  by  the 

State  authorities,  it  would  be  able  in  a  few  weeks  to  take  the 

field  again  with  six  or  seven  hundred  men,  if  not  with  full  ranks. 

We,  therefore,  respectfully  request  that  you  ask  leave  of 

the  Secretary  of  War  to  call  the  regiment  to  Massachusetts  for 

the  purpose  of  recruiting  its  thinned  ranks. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Andrew  Mahoney,  Captain,  19th  Mass.  Vols. 

Commanding  Regiment. 

The  result  of  the  various  regimental  inspections  was  the 
re-establishment  of  the  Army  until  it  was  in  better  condition 
than  ever,  so  that  when  Gen.  Hooker  determined  upon  a 
fresh  movement,  he  had  an  army  in  perfect  condition.  On 
April  6  there  was  a  grand  review  before  President  Lincoln  and 
Gen.  Hooker,  in  which  the  Second  Corps  participated. 

The  Chancellorsville  campaign  soon  followed  and  in  this 
the  division  to  which  the  regiment  belonged,  then  commanded 
by  Gen.  Gibbon,  was  assigned  to  the  assistance  of  Gen.  Sedg- 
wick's Sixth  Corps  at  Fredericksburg. 

Maj.  Rice,  Adjt.  Palmer,  Captains  Mahoney  and  Dunn, 
with  Lieutenants  Hume,  of  Co.  K,  and  William  Stone,  of  Co.  Gf 
had  returned  from  leave  on  account  of  wounds  and  the  roster 
showed  the  following  changes  when  the  regiment  was  ready  to 
move  again. 

Co.   B.        Capt.  Henry  A.  Hale,  on  detached  service,  A.  A.  Insp. 
Gen.  1st.  Brig.  2nd  Corps. 
Second  Lieut.  Moses  Shackley,  in  command  of  Com- 
pany F 
Co.   C.       First  Lieut.  J.  G.  C.  Dodge,  transferred  from  Co.  D, 

Feb.  28,  in  command  Co.  C. 
Co.  D.  Capt.  Moncena  Dunn,  returned  to  duty  March  22nd. 
First  Lieut.  David  B.  Chubbuck,  promoted  from 
Second  Lieut,  to  date  Dec.  21,  vice  Newcomb 
died  of  wounds.  On  special  duty  in  command 
Co.  E. 


THE    WINTER    CAMP    AT    FALMOUTH.  201 

Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  promoted  from  1st  Serg. 
Co.  E,  to  date  Jan.  22,  vice  Adams,  promoted. 
On  special  duty  in  command  Co.  H. 
Co.  E.       Capt.  Andrew  Mahoney,  returned  to  duty  Feb.  27. 

On  special  duty,  acting  as  Field  Officer. 
Co.   G.       Capt.  C.  M.  Merritt,  on  detached  service,  serving  on 
Brig.  Gen.  Martindale's  staff. 
First  Lieut.  Dudley  C.  Mumford,  disabled  by  a  sprain. 
Second  Lieut.  William  Stone,  returned  to  duty  Mar. 
27,  in  command  of  Co.  G 
Co.  H.       Second  Lieut.   Thos.   F.   Winthrop,   promoted  from 
Q.   M.   Sergt.  to  date   Dec.   21,   vice   Chubbuck, 
promoted.    On  special  duty,  acting  Quartermaster. 
Co.  I.        First  Lieut.   J.    G.   B.   Adams,   promoted  from  2nd 
Lieut,  to  date  Jan.   22,  vice  Prime,   discharged. 
In  command  of  Co.  I. 
Second  Lieut.  Herman  Donath,  promoted  from  Sergt. 
Major,  to   date  Dec.   13,   vice   Claffey,   killed  in 
action.     On  special  duty  in  command  Co.  B. 
Co.  K.       Capt.  H.  G.  O.  Weymouth — leg  amputated. 

First  Lieut.  Lysander  J.Hume,  returned  to  duty  Mar.  1. 
Second  Lieut.  Chas.  H.  Wellock,  absent. 
Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  returned  to  duty  with  the  regiment  on 
April  1st,  and  on  April  5th,  First  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks  was 
recorded  as  having  been  placed  on  detached  service  as  A.  D    C. 
to  his  brother,   Brig.    Gen.   Edward  W    Hinks.     Capt.   J.   F 
Plympton,  of  Co.  I,  returned  to  duty  during  the  first  week  in 
April,   and   Asst.   Surgeon   William   D.   Knapp,   appointed   by 
Gov  Andrew,  also  joined  the  regiment.     A  few  changes  occurred 
in  one  or  two  of  the  companies  about  this  time.     Capt.  Charles 
U.  Devereux,  of  Co.  H,  was  discharged  on  Surgeon's  Certificate 
on  account  of  wounds,  together  with  Second  Lieut.  Charles  P 
Abbott,  of  Co.  C. 

Capt.  John  C.  Chadwick,  of  Co.  C,  and  Second  Lieut. 
James  B.  Moore,  of  Co.  F  were  discharged  for  promotion  to 
Ullman's  brigade.  Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  of  Co.  D,  was 
placed  in  command  of  Co.  H. 


CHAPTER  XXV 

CHANCELLORSVILLE    CAMPAIGN. 

VOLUNTEERS    AGAIN    CROSS    THE    RIVER. 

CAPTURE    OF    MARYE'S    HEIGHTS. 

When  Burnside  had  fully  determined  upon  the  plans  for 
the  Chancellorsville  Campaign,  the  Eleventh  and  Sixth  Corps 
were  crossed  below  the  city  and  the  rest  of  the  Army  at  Bank's 
and  United  States  fords, — the  Nineteenth  regiment  remaining 
in  camp  with  its  brigade.  The  force  below  the  city  could  be 
seen  from  the  hills  back  of  the  camp,  as  it  moved  across  the 
plain  and  engaged  the  enemy. 

On  April  30,  the  Eleventh  corps  was  withdrawn  and  marched 
to  the  upper  ford.  On  the  same  day  the  Nineteenth  regiment 
packed  up,  struck  tents  and  bivouacked,  and  prepared  to  march. 
There  was  a  delay  of  two  days,  however,  and  in  the  small  hours 
of  Sunday  morning,  May  3,  the  men  marched  to  the  Lacy  House, 
halting  very  near  the  same  spot  as  on  the  morning  of  the  memo- 
rable 11th  of  December,  1862. 

Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  called  for  20  volunteers  who,  after 
being  joined  by  a  like  number  from  the  20th  Massachusetts 
regiment,  were  to  cross  the  river  in  boats.  The  required  num- 
ber at  once  stepped  forward  and  Lieut.  Ferris  volunteered  to 
command  them.  The  squad  moved  away  in  the  darkness, 
toward  the  river.  When  near  the  high  bank  overlooking  the 
river  road,  they  halted  near  two  pontoon  boats.  Each  man 
felt  then  that  the  expedition  was  to  be  a  repetition  of  the  11th  of 
December  on  a  smaller  scale.  Lieut.  Ferris  explained  that  each 
party  would  fill  one  of  the  pontoons  and,  together,  charge  across 
the  river  and  engage  the  enemy.  He  said  it  would  be  a  "very 
hot  job"  and  that  the  most  of  the  squad  would  be  killed.  As 
for  himself,  he  said  that  he  expected  to  be  killed,  and  his  closing 
words  were:  "If  there's  any  man  here  who's  afraid  to  go  to  hell 
within  the  next  jfew  hours  he  wants  to  go  back  to  the  regiment. 
(202) 


CHANCELLORSVILLE    CAMPAIGN.  203 

Now  is  your  chance  to  go  back.  I  don't  want  a  man  to  go  back 
on  me  after  we  get  started."  No  one  faltered  and  the  little 
squad  at  once  moved  down  the  bank  into  the  road,  followed  by 
the  pontoon  boats,  and  marched  quietly  up  by  the  side  of  the 
stream  until  opposite  a  mill  which  stood  just  outside  the  city, 
where  a  detail  from  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  commanded 
by  First  Lieut.  McKay,  was  met.  Lieut.  McKay,  being  the 
ranking,  officer  (Lieut.  Ferris  being  a  Second  Lieutenant)  took 
command  of  the  detachment.  The  boats  were  taken  from  their 
carriages,  pushed  into  the  stream  and  manned. 

The  orders  were  to  wait  until  the  guns  of  Gen.  Sedgwick's 
skirmishers  were  heard,  as  they  advanced  at  daylight  into  the 
lower  part  of  the  city,  then  immediately  to  cross  and  engage  such 
of  the  enemy  as  were  found  picketing  the  river  near  the  mill  above 
the  city,  thus  making  a  small  diversion  in  Sedgwick's  favor. 

The  small  detachment  waited  there,  anxious  for  and  yet 
dreading  the  approach  of  day.  At  daylight  the  guns  of  Sedg- 
wick's skirmishers  were  heard  as  they  advanced.  The  oarsmen 
were  ready  and  the  boats  pulled  out  into  the  stream.  The  firing 
had  increased  and  was  now  heard  well  into  the  city,  showing  that 
the  men  of  the  Sixth  corps  were  gaining  ground.  Down  opposite 
the  Lacy  House  the  men  of  Sedgwick's  corps  were  occasionally 
seen  as  they  moved  in  and  out  among  the  buildings  in  their  work 
of  driving  out  the  enemy.  On  reaching  the  middle  of  the  river, 
the  boats  were  headed  down  stream  and  just  as  the  sun  cast  his 
first  rays  over  the  waters,  the  men  landed  on  the  Fredericksburg 
shore,  at  the  same  place  where  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and 
the  Seventh  Michigan  landed  on  Dec.  11,  1862,  without  firing  a 
shot  or  hearing  a  bullet  whistle.  Here  they  rested  until  the 
bridge  was  laid  and  the  regiment  crossed.  Lieut.  Col.  Devereux 
considered  the  act  of  volunteering  as  commendable  as  though 
the  work  had  been  done  as  intended  and  marked  each  man*  for 
promotion. 

*  Some  of  the  men  who  volunteered  to  cross  with  Lieut.  Ferris  were: 
Benj.  Lummus,  Co.  II.  George  E.  Tech,  Co.  I. 

"Paddv"  McGivern,  Co.  E.      John  H.  Costello,  Co.  I. 
Ed.  Mahoney,  Co.  E.  George  Stevens,  Co.  I. 

John  Robinson,  Co.  I.  Riehard  R.  Foster,  Co.  C. 

Joseph  DeCastro.  Co.  I.  Ernest  A.  Nichols,  Co.  C. 


204  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  regiment  crossed  upon  the  bridge  as  soon  as  it  was  laid, 
preceded  by  a  storming  party  of  100  volunteers  from  the  First 
Brigade,  and  joined  Sedgwick's  main  force  near  the  depot,  where 
they  made  a  halt.  The  work  of  clearing  the  city  having  been 
done  by  Sedgwick's  main  force,  the  division  then  moved  out  to 
the  right  of  the  city,  the  Nineteenth  leading,  and  formed  in  line 
of  battle  along  a  road.  The  purpose  was  to  turn  the  left  of  the 
enemy's  position  on  Marye's  Heights. 

Being  under  artillery  fire  from  the  enemy's  works  on  the 
hill  in  front,  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  ordered  to  lie  down 
in  a  hollow  by  the  roadside,  behind  a  fence  ridge.  Skirmishers, 
commanded  by  Major  Rice,  were  sent  forward  and  found  that 
the  enemy  had  destroyed  the  bridge,  thus  making  the  canal  im- 
passable. It  was  necessary  to  rebuild  the  bridge  to  make  an 
assault. 

During  the  delay  caused  by  the  rebuilding  of  the  bridge 
across  the  canal,  Gen.  Sedgwick  came  up  with  the  Sixth  Corps. 
He  became  impatient  at  the  delay  on  the  right,  notwithstanding 
it  was  unavoidable,  and  decided  to  assault  directly  in  front  of  the 
enemy's  centre.  He  pushed  forward  a  storming  party  with  Col. 
Burnham's  command  of  the  Sixth  Maine  in  the  lead.  In  the 
column  could  be  seen  the  white  flags  of  the  three  Massachusetts 
regiments.  As  they  came  up  Hanover  Street,  over  the  ground  on 
which  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  had  been  so  badly  cut  up 
on  the  memorable  13th  of  December,  the  rebel  batteries  opened 
fire  full  upon  them. 

The  assaulting  column  moved  forward  in  gallant  style  with- 
out firing.  Blue  smoke  burst  from  the  enemy's  rifle  pits  at  the 
base  of  the  hill,  behind  the  famous  stone  wall.  It  curled  upward 
over  the  grassy  slope,  mingling  its  color  with  the  deep  green,  mak- 
ing the  hill  look  as  though  covered  with  a  beautiful  carpet, 
while  the  deadly  hail  made  sad  havoc  in  the  ranks  of  the  ad- 
vancing boys  in  blue.  Notwithstanding  the  bullets,  they  moved 
steadily  forward  until,  when  near  the  first  rifle  pit,  a  rush  was 
made  and  the  line  was  carried.  The  "Johnnies"  jumped  out 
and  rushed  up  the  hill  to  their  main  works,  followed  so  closely  by 
the  exultant  "Yanks"  that  they  had  no  time  to  turn  at  the  top* 


CHANCELLORSVILLE    CAMPAIGN.  205 

but  scurried  off  across  the  plain.     The  occupants  of  the  works  at 
the  top  immediately  left  them  and  hastened  to  the  rear. 

The  men  of  the  Second  Corps  arose  and  cheered  the  victors 
and  then  were  set  in  motion  and  in  a  quick  march  moved  through 
the  city,  out  by.Hanover  street  and  halted  in  colunm  by  division 
en  masse  on  the  grassy  plain  in  the  rear  of  the  Confederate  forti- 
fications, in  front  of  which  they  had  lain  for  some  time. 

Early's  Division  and  Barksdale's  Mississippi  Brigade,  who 
had  occupied  the  position  with  artillery,  fell  back  and  the  dreaded 
Marye's  Heights  were  at  last  taken.  Among  the  guns  captured 
was  a  portion  of  the  Washington  artillery  and  two  or  three  of  the 
guns  which  the  rebels  had  "borrowed"  from  the  Union  forces  at 
the  first  Bull  Run. 

After  the  Heights  were  carried,  Gen.  Sedgwick  with  his  main 
force  started  on  toward  Salem  Church,  driving  the  enemy  before 
him.  Two  brigades  of  Gen.  Gibbon's  division  were  left  behind 
to  hold  the  town,  protect  the  railway  and  bridges  and  the  depot 
of  supplies  at  Aquia  Creek. 

Hall's  brigade  was  left  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  to  act 
as  provost  guard  for  the  city  of  Fredericksburg.  This  work 
was  given  to  them  in  recognition  of  the  fact  they  had  twice 
crossed  the  river  in  the  direct  front  of  the  enemy  at  the  head  of 
the  Union  forces. 

At  nightfall,  the  regiment  was  sent  to  the  right  again  to 
about  the  same  place  it  had  occupied  in  the  morning.  As  every- 
thing was  supposed  to  be  safe,  and  the  enemy  was  being  driven 
before  Sedgwick's  forces,  only  the  ordinary  precautions  were 
taken  to  picket  the  line  about  the  city.  The  rest  of  the  brigade 
had  reason  to  expect  a  good  night's  rest.  As  the  men  marched 
through  the  streets  they  were  verbally  assailed  by  some  of  the 
women.  The  officers  and  men  bivouacked  in  the  street.  After 
a  day  of  strenuous  activity,  all  looked  forward  with  pleasure  to 
a  night  of  rest  and  quiet. 

At  an  early  hour  of  the  next  day  there  were  indications  of 
movements  of  the  enemy  and,  later,  artillery  firing  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Gen.  Sedgwick's  position  roused  the  troops  to  activity. 
Before  eight  o'clock  the  enemy's  troops  appeared  in  the  works 


206  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

on  the  Heights  and  the  regiment,  with  another,  was  placed  in 
position  at  the  crossings  of  the  canal  to  meet  the  enemy's  evident 
intention  of  attempting  to  enter  the  city.  The  attempt  was 
made,  but  not  with  great  persistence,  was  easily  repelled  and 
was  not  seriously  renewed.  The  works  on  the  Heights  were 
occupied  by  a  force  sufficient  to  require  constant  watchfulness 
by  the  Union  troops  and  a  frequent  exchange  of  musket  shots 
caused  them  to  be  kept  in  readiness  to  meet  any  movement  of 
the  enemy. 

In  the  performance  of  this  duty,  several  houses  were  occu- 
pied by  the  regiment  and  prepared  for  defence  in  the  event  of 
an  attack  in  force.  From  some  of  these  houses  there  was  a 
fine  view  of  the  field  of  action  of  the  previous  day,  which  was 
as  well  that  of  the  great  battle  of  December  previous  in  which 
the  regiment  bore  its  part  wTith  heavy  loss. 

The  regiments  in  the  centre  of  the  brigade  line  succeeded 
in  holding  the  two  bridge  heads  on  the  Fredericksburg  side  of 
the  canal,  the  right  wing  resting  in  a  small  grave  yard.  During 
the  night  there  was  no  activity  displayed  on  either  side. 

During  the  following  day  there  was  some  skirmishing  as 
the  enemy  appeared,  filing  into  the  works  on  the  hills  from  the 
east  and  working  their  way  along  the  front,  but  late  in  the  after- 
noon everything  appeared  quiet  and  the  efforts  of  the  enemy  were 
either  never  intended  to  be  serious  assaults  or  they  were  satisfied 
of  their  uselessness. 

The  regiment  was  sent  down  one  of  the  streets  up  which 
Sedgwick's  forces  had  previously  charged,  and  ordered  to  take 
possession  of  certain  houses,  make  loopholes  in  them  and  on  no 
account  allow  the  enemy  to  carry  the  road  and  drive  them  out. 
The  houses  were  little  forts  in  themselves,  and,  without  artillery, 
there  was  little  or  no  danger  to  those  within.  The  works  of 
the  enemy  could  plainly  be  seen,  swarming  with  gray  coats. 

Although  some  distance  from  the  enemy,  the  men  could 
hear  them  and  the  orders  came  thick  and  fast.  The  Forty- 
Second  New  York  regiment  held  a  line  of  rifle  pits  a  little  to  the 
left  of  the  position  of  the  Nineteenth,  while  in  its  direct  front 
there  were  no  troops  and  a,  good  road  to  advance  upon. 

Slowly  the  time  passed  and  the  men  were  anxiously  expecting 


CHANCELLORSVILLE    CAMPAIGN.  207 

an  attack.  Suddenly  a  line  of  skirmishers  jumped  from  the 
rebel  rifle  pits  in  front  of  the  Tammany  regiment.  The  rebel 
commander  was  heard  to  say:  "Don't  molest  anything  when 
you  get  into  the  city. ' '  They  advanced  a  little,  halted,  dressed 
their  line,  faced  to  the  front  again  and  immediately  received  a 
volley  from  the  men  of  the  Forty-Second.  They  dashed  back 
into  their  pits,  leaving  one  or  two  of  their  number  stretched  on 
the  sod.  They  had  not  expected  to  meet  opposition  until  they 
had  crossed  the  canal.  Another  attack  was  momentarily  ex- 
pected, but  the  minutes  became  hours  and  no  sign  was  made. 

Finally,  the  sound  of  heavy  firing  was  heard  far  away  on  the 
right  and  very  soon  movements  among  the  rebels  indicated  that 
something  was  going  to  happen.  The  men  clutched  their 
muskets,  but  soon  they  found  that  the  enemy  were  retiring  from 
their  works  and  going  out  to  engage  Sedgwick  at  Salem  Church. 
The  roar  of  the  artillery  could  easily  be  heard  and  the  shells 
were  plainly  visible  as  they  burst  in  the  air.  Even  the  volleys  of 
musketry  were  heard  and  it  was  evident  that  Sedgwick  was 
being  roughly  handled.  During  the  afternoon  the  anxiety  of  the 
men  was  intense,  although  those  in  the  city  were  safe.  Just 
at  dusk  the  cheers  in  the  rebel  works  intimated  that  they  had 
won  a  partial  victory. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  night  it  was  determined  to  withdraw 
the  force  in  Fredericksburg  to  the  north  side  of  the  river.  The 
Nineteenth  was  on  the  right  of  the  line  and  became  the  rear 
guard.  Rifle  pits  were  dug  at  intervals  across  the  street  leading 
directly  to  the  pontoon  bridge  to  enable  the  men  to  resist  a 
sudden  onslaught  during  the  night  or  when  it  came  time  for  them 
to  move,  the  hour  being  set  for  earliest  dawn.  The  tired  men  of 
the  regiment  slept  soundly,  only  the  commander  and  the  neces- 
sary guard  being  awake.  About  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  a 
heavy  fog  settled  over  the  valley  and  when  the  time  arrived,  the 
left  wing  of  the  regiment,  furthest  from  the  river,  was  ordered  to 
move  noiselessly  to  the  river  bank  and  hold  the  head  of  the  poon- 
toon  bridge,  awaiting  there  the  rest  of  the  regiment  This  ac- 
complished, the  right  wing  was  as  silently  withdrawn,  the  men 
through  the  fog,  looking  like  ghosts  on  a  ghastly  parade  as  they 
stealthily  marched  along. 


208  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

They  all  felt  that  the  enemy  knew  they  were  evacuating  and 
would  be  on  the  alert  to  push  the  rear  guard  but  were  delayed  by 
the  fog.  It  was  also  felt  that  hidden  watchers  were  only  awaiting 
an  opportunity  to  communicate  with  the  enemy,  and  this  fear 
proved  well  founded  for  soon  a  rebel  yell  was  heard  and  conceal- 
ment was  no  longer  of  avail.  Some  women  tried  to  get  out  to  the 
enemy,  but  were  caught  and  held  until  there  was  no  longer  any 
danger. 

Then  came  the  rush  of  pursuing  feet,  through  the  fog.  The 
right  wing  was  hurried  down  to  the  river  on  the  double-quick  to 
join  their  comrades,  and  with  one  company  lying  in  the  rifle  pits 
across  the  street,  they  waited  events.  The  enemy  knew  exactly 
the  route  the  regiment  would  be  compelled  to  take  and  came  on 
pell  mell.  Just  as  they  turned  the  corner  they  were  greeted  with 
a  volley  which  threw  them  into  confusion  and  turned  them  back. 
The  men  of  the  regiment  made  a  rush  for  the  river,  gained  the 
pontoon  bridge,  and  Major  Rice,  with  Lieut.  Donath  and  half  a 
dozen  men  with  axes  severed  the  shore  lines  which  held  the  bridge 
on  the  south  side,  then  leaped  into  the  boats  and  poled  across. 
The  bridge  slowly  drifted  down  with  the  current  to  the  north 
shore  and  the  enemy  did  not  dare  follow,  as  the  north  side 
frowned  with  batteries.  Chancellorsville,  so  far  as  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  was  concerned,  was  over. 

Casualties  May  3-4,  1863. 

WOUNDED 

Co.  A.       Sergeant  Henry  O.  Beal 

Corporal  Marcus  Kimball 

Private  Charles  W   Merrill 
Co.  B.       Private  Martin  Barry 

Private  John  J.  Wells 
Co.  F.       Private  Asa  W    Greene 

Private  John  Towle 
Co.   G.       Private  Jackson  Dawson 
Co.   H.       Corporal  George  P   Thomas 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

A    PERIOD    OF    REST    IN    CAMP   AT    FALMOUTH. 

After  waiting  at  the  Lacy  House  for  a  short  time,  the  regi- 
ment was  ordered  to  return  to  its  old  camp  at  Falmouth.  While 
here  a  large  number  of  British  army  officers  from  Canada  were, 
by  international  courtesy,  permitted  to  visit  the  army  of  the 
Potomac,  even  at  the  very  front.  They  were  entertained  by  the 
Commander-in-chief  and  then  by  the  various  corps  commanders. 

They  visited  Gen.  Hancock,  and  early  one  morning  Lieut. 
Col.  Devereux  received  a  note  from  Gen.  Hancock  asking  him 
if  he  would  parade  his  regiment  at  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  and 
put  it  through  the  manual  peculiar  to  it.  He  replied  that  his 
' '  boys ' '  would  be  ready  at  the  appointed  time.  He  said  nothing 
to  the  officers  or  men  of  the  fact  that  they  were  to  give  an  exhibi- 
tion drill  at  2  o'clock,  preferring  to  take  them  by  surprise.  The 
headquarters  of  Gen.  Hancock  were  some  distance  away,  on  a 
rising  ground  from  which  he  could  overlook  all  the  camps  in 
his  command.  At  the  appointed  hour,  the  general  and  his  staff 
were  seen  to  mount  their  horses  and  with  them  were  the  red- 
coated  English  officers. 

Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  made  no  move  except  to  send  for  the 
bugler.  The  gay  cavalcade  started  from  headquarters  at  a 
rapid  gait,  but  when  they  neared  the  camp  of  the  regiment  they 
slowed  down. 

Suddenly  the  first  note  of  "The  Assembly"  rang  out  from 
the  bugle.  The  men,  who  were  playing  all  sorts  of  pranks 
stopped  on  the  instant  and  rushed  to  their  quarters  to  put  on 
their  equipments  and  get  into  line.  Up  to  this  time  Lieut.  Col. 
Devereux  had  not  even  ordered  his  orderly  to  saddle  his  little 
mare,  but  by  the  time  Hancock  and  his  companions  had  crossed 
the  line  of  the  camp  the  regiment  was  in  perfect  line,  ready  to 
salute  them. 

(209) 


210  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

After  the  intricate  and  interesting  drill  of  the  regiment  was 
concluded,  Gen.  Hancock  said  to  the  Lieutenant  Colonel:  "I 
sent  you  that  request  because  I  had  told  those  Britishers  that  I 
had  a  regiment  in  my  command  that  they  could  not  touch  in  all 
their  armies  all  over  the  world.  When  I  was  riding  down 
quickly  and  within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  your  regiment  and 
there  was  no  sign  of  any  movement,  my  heart  was  in  my  mouth 
and  I  was  afraid  that  you  had  mistaken  the  hour.  But  when  I 
heard  the  first  note  of  the  "Assembly"  from  the  bugle  and  saw 
your  men, — a  mere  mob  as  you  might  call  them,  on  the  parade 
ground — and  saw  them  start  for  the  quarters  to  take  equip- 
ments out,  I  understood  and  rejoiced.  It  was  a  magnificent 
spectacle  of  absolute  obedience  and  it  enabled  me  all  the  more  to 
point  out  to  these  Britishers  the  proof  thaf  they  had  no  regiment 
in  their  service  like  that,  let  alone  your  splendid  drill  when  we 
reached  your  camp,  and  I  made  them  acknowledge  it." 

Lieut.  Col.  Devereux  was  away  on  ten  day's  leave  of  absence 
soon  after  this,  leaving  Maj.  Rice  in  command  of  the  regiment. 
Capt.  Moncena  Dunn  was  on  detached  service  as  A.  A.  Q.  M. 
and  A.  A.  C.  S.  in  the  artillery  brigade  of  the  Second  Corps. 
Second  Lieut.  William  Stone  was  in  command  of  Co.  B,  and 
Second  Lieut.  Herman  Donath,  of  Co.  I,  was  at  the  head  of 
Co.  H.  Asst.  Surg.  V  R.  Stone  had  been  discharged  on  May  11 
for  disability. 

At  this  time  there  were  about  230  enlisted  men  present  with 
the  regiment  and  only  16  commissioned  officers.  Seven  officers 
were  absent  on  detached  service,  five  were  absent  sick  and 
wounded  and  two  on  leave.  There  were  48  enlisted  men  absent 
on  detached  service,  with  99  sick,  out  of  an  aggregate  of  410 
officers  and  men.  This  placed  the  regiment  in  such  a  condi- 
tion that  604  recruits  were  required  to  fill  its  quota. 

About  the  first  of  June  the  camp  was  moved  to  high  ground 
back  of  the  town  and  overlooking  the  river  and  quite  a  stretch 
of  country  beyond.  It  was  pleasantly  situated  and  as  there  was 
no  more  provost  or  picket  duty  to  perform,  the  time  was  given 
over  to  drills. 

Sergeants  Merrill  and  Stone,  of  Co.  C,  returned  from 
general   hospitals,   having  recovered  from   wounds,   and   were 


A    PERIOD    OF    REST   IN    CAMP    AT   FALMOUTH.  211 

commissioned  lieutenants,  subsequently  being  transferred  to  the 
Veteran  Reserve  Corps.  Capt.  Dodge  was  transferred  to  Co.  D, 
and  Lieut.  Wm.  L.  Palmer,  having  returned  from  the  hospital, 
was  promoted  to  Captain  and  assigned  to  Co.  C. 

The  balloon  which  had  been  stationed  near  the  old  camp 
was  moved  up  stream  and  the  signal  corps  officers  used  it  for 
the  purpose  of  looking  into  the  rebel  camps,  a  proceeding  to 
which  the  latter  objected  by  sending  over  a  few  shells  which 
burst  near  but  didnot  hit  it.  They  scared  the  observers  so  much, 
however,  that  they  withdrew  further  from  the  river. 

The  camps  were  visited  every  few  days  by  an  aged  negro  who 
came  creeping  down  the  dusty  road  from  the  country  up  the 
river.  He  was  a  character,  jovial  and  witty,  dressed  in  many 
colored  rags  and  with  his  head  covered  by  an  ancient  stove-pipe 
hat.  He  leaned  his  tottering  frame  on  a  cane  and  carried  a 
large  basket  of  pies  and  other  eatables  on  his  arm.  As  he  neared 
the  camp  he  would  call  out  "Here's  your  pies  and  cakes  and 
apples.  Pay  me  today  and  I'll  trust  you  to-morrow."  He 
had  no  trouble  in  disposing  of  his  load  and  would  trudge  off 
homeward,  contented  and  happy.  The  pies  and  cakes  were 
much  better  than  \\ere  usually  found  in  the  South. 

About  this  time  Gen.  Hooker  introduced  the  badge  of 
designation  into  the  army.  The  flag  of  the  Second  Corps 
was  a  trefoil  or  clover  leaf.  Red  or  scarlet  designated  the  first 
division,  white  the  second  and  blue  the  third.  The  division 
flags  were  rectangular,  the  color  of  the  first  being  white  with 
red  trefoil;  second,  blue  with  white  trefoil;  third,  white  with 
blue  trefoil.  Brigade  flags  were  triangular.  In  the  division 
to  which  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  assigned  (second) 
the  flags  were  blue  with  white  trefoil  in  the  centre.  The  first 
brigade  had  a  red  stripe  or  border  on  one  side;  second,  red  on 
two  sides;  third,  red  all  around.  These  flags  made  it  much 
easier  for  men  to  hunt  up  their  regiments. 

The  Second  Corps  headquarters  flag  was  rectangular,  color 
blue,  with  a  large  clover  leaf  in  the  centre.  The  rebels  called 
it  "The  Ace  of  Clubs"  from  the  shape  of  the  badges. 

For  several  weeks  after  Chancellorsville,  both  armies  lay 
quiet,  watching  each  other.     Hooker  finally  received  informa- 


212  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

tion  of  the  massing  of  the  Confederate  cavalry  between  Kelley's 
Ford  and  Brandy  Station  and  it  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most 
important  of  the  operations  connected  with  the  Gettysburg 
campaign. 

Lee  had  begun  to  move  for  the  purpose  of  invading  the 
Northern  lines  a  second  time  and  compelling  Hooker  to  leave 
the  Southern  lines  and  recross  the  Potomac.  Stewart  and  his 
cavalry  was  massed  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  Lee's  right 
on  his  march  up  the  valley,  to  furnish  information,  to  harass 
the  Union  army  and  to  frighten  Washington. 

Pleasanton,  with  all  the  Union  cavalry,  was  sent  to  attack 
Stewart.  They  met  and  one  of  the  grandest  cavalry  fights 
known  to  history  occurred,  the  consequences  of  which  were  all 
important.  Final  victory  crowned  the  Union  army,  though 
equally  claimed  by  the  Confederates.  Stewart,  however,  was 
compelled  to  leave  the  field  in  haste,  hotly  pursued  by  Pleasanton, 
thus  bringing  about  the  condition  that  both  armies  were  without 
cavalry  and  consequently  without  the  information  of  each  other's 
position  until  they  ran  across  each  other  by  accident  at  Gettys- 
burg. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

THE    GETTYSBURG   CAMPAIGN. 

On  June  14,  1863,  Hooker  put  his  army  on  the  march 
toward  Gettysburg.  Hancock's  Second  Corps  was  the  rear 
guard  all  the  way  to  Edward's  Ferry.  The  Nineteenth  Massa- 
chusetts regiment  bivouacked  on  the  night  of  June  14,  under 
orders  to  start  the  following  morning  in  very  light  marching 
order,  and  did  so  in  company  with  two  pieces  of  Battery  "A," 
First  Rhode  Island  Artillery,  to  form  the  extreme  rear  guard  of 
the  Army,  Companies  F  and  K  being  detailed  under  command  of 
Major  Rice  to  march  half  a  mile  in  rear  of  the  column.  They 
marched,  on  the  first  day,  until  nearly  sunset,  over  dusty  roads 
and  frequently  through  burning  woods.  Passing  Stafford 
Court  House,  they  camped  on  Aquia  Creek  where  the  men 
bathed  in  the  coffee  colored  water,  thence  on  the  17th,  passing 
Dumfries  and  halting  for  the  night  at  Wolf  Run  Shoals,  on  the 
Occoquan  river;  on  the  18th  to  Fairfax  Station;  on  the  19th  to 
Centreville;  on  the  20th  to  Haymarket,  and  on  the  21st  to 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  where  the  regiment  remained  for  three 
days,  in  position  to  repel  any  advance  through  the  gap. 

Frequent  halts  had  been  made  during  the  first  part  of  the 
march  to  allow  the  pioneers  time  to  obstruct  the  road  by  felling 
trees  across  it  and  destroying  bridges.  This  was  done  to  retard 
the  enemy's  pursuit  and  make  it  difficult  for  him  to  move  forward 
his  artillery.  A  short  distance  from  the  road,  on  the  left,  a  line 
of  flankers  filed  along  through  the  brush  and  woods,  over  hills 
and  through  valleys,  while  in  the  distance  a  cavalryman  was 
occasionally  seen  in  a  similar  duty,  both  watching  to  prevent 
surprise. 

The  first  day  was  extremely  hot  and  it  was  particularly 
trying  on  account  of  the  fact  that  the  men  had  just  left  winter 
quarters.     The  ambulances  were  rapidly  filled  and  stragglers 

(213) 


214  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

were  with  difficulty  kept  from  lagging  too  far  behind  and  expos- 
ing themselves  to  certain  capture. 

At  Wolf  Run  Shoals  the  regiment  bivouacked  in  line  of 
battle,  facing  the  shoals,  and  again  the  men  enjoyed  a  bath  in 
the  river.  Some  rail  fences  were  found  about  the  camp  at  this 
point  and  fires  were  soon  lighting  up  the  darkness.  On  some 
of  the  burning  rails  were  rows  of  coffee  cups,  the  owners  of 
which  were  sitting  around  toasting  hard  tack  and  roasting  salt 
pork  on  the  ends  of  ramrods,  bayonets  or  sticks,  some  using 
their  plates  in  which  to  fry  it,  holding  them  over  the  fire  by 
means  of  a  stick.  This  was  split  at  one  end  and  into  it  the  rim 
of  a  plate  was  inserted  and  fastened  by  winding  a  string  around 
the  stick  to  give  it  a  good  grip  on  the  plate.  Sometimes  an 
accident  would  happen,  caused  by  the  sap  drying  out  of  the 
stick,  or  the  string  burning  off.  This  would  be  followed  by  an 
angry  exclamation  and  a  soldier  with  a  very  red  face,  with  his 
cap  pushed  back  on  his  head,  might  be  seen  making  frantic 
prods  with  a  stick  at  an  overturned  plate  in  his  endeavor  to  get 
it  out  of  the  fire,  and  save  some  of  his  pork  which  was  rapidly 
being  cremated.  Many  times  when  a  dozen  or  more  coffee 
cups  were  resting  on  a  rail  over  a  nice  fire,  by  accident  ( ?)  some- 
one would  kick  over  the  rail,  overturning  the  cups  into  it,  to  the 
dismay  of  the  hungry  owners. 

At  Centreville,  Va.,  one  of  the  bivouacks  on  this  march, 
trouble  with  some  other  Union  troops  was  narrowly  averted, 
although  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  not  much  concerned 
in  it.  An  enlisted  man  had  gone  to  a  sutler's  team  to  buy  some- 
thing and  was  either  badly  treated  or  thought  he  was  swindled. 
At  all  events,  he  complained  to  his  comrades,  and  they,  being 
veterans,  and  not  particularly  friendly  to  the  sutlers,  joined  him  in 
a  raid  on  the  tent.  In  a  minute  there  would  have  been  a  crowd 
about  the  tent  and  in  another  minute  there  would  have  been 
no  tent  to  crowd  about,  but,  anticipating  trouble,  the  sutler  sent 
for  help  to  the  general  commanding  the  brigade.  That  general, 
instead  of  sending  a  request  to  the  corps  commander  not  to 
allow  the  men  to  leave  their  arms,  ordered  out  a  battery  and 
some  infantry  to  protect  the  threatened  point.  The  men  of  the 
Nineteenth  were  called  to  Attention  and  the  roll  was  looked  over. 


THE    GETTYSBURG   CAMPAIGN.  215 

Either  the  Nineteenth's  members  had  not  been  engaged  in  the 
affair,  or  if  they  were,  they  returned  in  good  season,  as  the 
Assembly  was  sounded  from  division  headquarters.  The  crowd, 
however,  advanced  in  spite  of  the  cannon  but  fortunately  these 
were  not  fired  and  before  the  men  arrived  at  the  tent  they  were 
induced  by  their  officers  to  give  up  their  plan  and  return  to  their 
camp.  The  corps  to  which  these  men  belonged  left  during  the 
night  and  there  was  no  further  trouble. 

While  on  duty  at  the  Gap,  Col.  Devereux  was  kept  in  the 
position  of  General  Officer  of  the  Day,  and  as  Col.  Charles 
Morgan,  Hancock's  chief  of  staff,  was  an  old  schoolmate,  the 
two  were  much  together.  While  on  a  scouting  trip  to  the  top  of 
the  Blue  Ridge,  the  two  officers,  through  glasses,  witnessed  the 
fight  at  Aldie  Gap,  where  Stewart  was  put  to  flight  by  Pleasanton. 

While  the  corps  were  halted  at  Thoroughfare  Gap,  it  was 
necessary  to  have  a  picket  line  all  around  it,  different  regiments 
being  selected  each  day.  The  corps  was  continually  harassed, 
particularly  at  night,  by  Mosby's  guerillas.  Because  some  man 
on  picket  would  get  startled  and  imagine  he  saw  the  enemy,  he 
would  fire  his  gun  and  the  whole  corps  would  be  under  arms  in  a 
moment,  thus  depriving  all  the  men  of  their  sleep.  On  one  day 
Gen.  Hancock  asked  his  chief  of  staff  the  number  of  the  regiment 
which  was  to  be  on  picket  duty  that  night.  The  "  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts,"  was  the  reply.  "Thank  God,"  said  Hancock, 
"we'll  have  a  good  rest  tonight.  There's  no  fool  business  about 
that  regiment." 

Stuart's  cavalry  came  through  the  Gap  on  the  24th  and  out- 
flanked Hancock,  and  on  the  25th  he  started  back  toward  Hay- 
market,  but  when  Stuart  interposed  his  cavalry  the  corps  kept  to 
the  left  to  avoid  an  encounter  which  would  use  up  time  and  be  of 
no  benefit.  When  near  Haymarket,  Stuart  opened  on  the 
brigade  with  his  artillery  from  a  hill  at  the  right,  wounding  a 
few  men  and  causing  a  halt  until  a  battery  was  placed  in  posi- 
tion which,  opening  fire  on  his  line,  soon  caused  him  to  draw 
off  and  the  march  was  continued  without  molestation  and  in  a 
drizzling  rain  which  steadily  increased  until  it  fell  in  torrents. 
The  regiment  encamped  for  the  night  at  Gum  Springs.  Here 
the  brigade  of  four  New  York  regiments  commanded  by  Gen. 


216  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Alexander  Hays  joined  the  corps.     Gen.  Hays  assumed  com- 
mand of  the  Third  Brigade. 

The  last  part  of  this  day's  march  of  26  miles  Was  extremely 
hard.  The  mud  was  ankle  deep  and  the  men  were  completely 
drenched  and  exhausted.  The  Springs  were  reached  at  nine 
o'clock  and  because  everything  was  so  wet  it  was  found  to  be 
almost  impossible  to  make  fires.  The  men,  therefore,  were 
obliged  to  content  themselves  with  an  unusually  light  supper 
and  lay  down  upon  the  wet  ground,  under  wet  blankets.  There 
was  little  sleep  for  them  that  night, — it  was  too  wet  and  chilly. 
During  the  night  the  rain  ceased  and  the  morning  of  the  26th 
was  fair.  The  march  was  then  resumed  toward  Maryland,  and 
at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  regiment  reached  Edward's 
Ferry,  in  sight  of  Ball's  Bluff  where  the  regiment  had  received 
its  baptism  of  blood. 

Something  was  not  ready  and  the  men  rested  wearily  on  the 
bank  until  after  nightfall,  while  Adams,  Thompson,  Donath 
and  Ferris,  Rice,  Palmer  and  "Charlie"  Rowe  lent  voice  and 
wit  in  speech  and  song  to  while  away  the  leaden  hours.  No 
one  who  was  there  will  forget  "The  Kentucky  Lawyer"  as  they 
heard  it  that  night  from  the  lips  of  Rowe,  with  the  various  edi- 
tions of  his  own  teeming  brain. 

In  the  darkness,  the  regiment  crossed  the  Potomac  on  pon- 
toon bridges  and  went  into  camp.  To  the  surprise  of  every- 
one, the  command  found  itself  on  the  very  piece  of  ground  on 
which  its  tents  had  been  pitched  at  Camp  Benton  when  it  first 
went  into  the  service  in  1861.  What  memories  it  brought  to  all, 
and  above  all  the  recollection  of  many  a  face  present  when  they 
first  were  there,  but  now  gone — a  sacrifice  to  the  cause.  The 
old  camping  ground  was  now  a  fine  wheat  field,  nearly  all  traces 
of  its  former  occupancy  having  been  removed. 

As  the  regiment  passed  the  house  of  Mr.  Williams  who  had 
lived  near  the  old  camp  and  on  whose  ground  it  was,  he  was 
seen  leaning  over  the  fence.  Many  called  him  by  name  and 
he  expressed  his  astonishment  at  meeting  the  Nineteenth  Massa- 
chusetts again,  and  shook  hands  with  as  many  as  the  time  and 
the  constant  march  would  permit. 


THE    GETTYSBURG   CAMPAIGN.  217 

At  night  the  tired  men  of  the  regiment  were  gratified  to 
learn  that  the  following  General  Order  had  been  issued: 

Headquarters  Second  Division,  Second 
Corps,  Edward's  Ferry,  June  26,  1863. 

General  Order  No.  105. 

The  Fifteenth  and  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers, 
for  marching  today  in  the  best  and  most  compact  order,  and 
with  the  least  straggling  from  their  ranks,  are  excused  from  all 
picket  duty  and  outside  details  for  four  days. 

By  command  of 

Brig.  Gen.  Gibbon. 

Such  orders  as  these,  showing  in  a  practical  way  the  appre- 
ciation of  the  superior  officers,  did  much  toward  making  the 
hardships  of  active  campaigning  endurable  for  the  men,  and 
were  bright  spots  in  the  dark  days  when  there  seemed  to  be 
nothing  to  be  done  but  march,  fight  and  stay  hungry. 

On  the  27th  the  regiment  moved  to  near  Barnesville  and 
on  the  following  day  to  Monocacy  Junction,  near  Frederick 
City,  being  the  last  of  the  army  to  reach  this  point,  all  the  other 
corps  having  already  assembled  there.  Here  it  was  learned 
that  Gen.  Hooker  had  been  superseded  in  command  by  Gen. 
Meade  and  on  the  next  day  the  army  was  again  on  the  march, 
each  corps  on  a  different  route  and  all  in  search  of  Lee. 

Before  daylight  on  the  morning  of  June  29th,  Reveille  was 
sounded  and  when  the  sun  arose  breakfast  had  been  prepared 
and  eaten  and  his  rays  shone  on  the  regiments  in  line,  ready  for 
a  march. 

The  men  threw  their  muskets  over  their  shoulders  like 
men  starting  out  to  hunt,  regardless  of  the  manual  of  arms; 
others  were  at  the  right  or  left  shoulder  shift,  while  occasionally 
a  man  would  carry  his  musket  with  the  hammer  resting  on  his 
shoulder.  Another  who  had  been  slow  at  preparing  came 
stumbling  along,  trying  to  fasten  his  roundabout  with  his  musket 
under  his  arm  and  the  barrel  punching  his  file  leader  in  the 
back.      So  the  day's  work  began. 


218  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  line  moved  down  the  hill  in  spasmodic  hitches  until 
the  proper  place  in  the  column  was  found  and  then  the  men 
swung  along  at  an  easy,  regular  pace  which  soon  took  the  sore- 
ness out  of.their  limbs.  In  a  short  time  the  whole  corps  was  in 
line,  moving  over  the  road  in  a'  seemingly  endless  tramp,  the 
Nineteenth,  with  its  220  members,  leading  the  corps  column. 

Soon  after  starting,  a  creek  was  forded,  a  circumstance 
which  ruffled  tempers  a  little,  coming  as  it  did  so  early  in  the 
day  for  all  knew  by  experience  that  the  feet  would  suffer  after- 
ward from  the  sand  which  always  sifted  into  the  shoes  while 
fording  a  stream  which  was  kept  stirred  up.  The  sun  was  now 
well  up  and  the  air  was  intensely  hot,  causing  the  prespiration 
to  run  out  and,  running  down  the  face,  drip  from  the  nose  and 
chin.  The  salty  liquid  got  into  the  eyes,  causing  them  to  burn 
and  smart  and  it  ran  from  under  the  cap,  through  the  dust  and 
down  the  sides  of  the  face  which  was  soon  covered  with  muddy 
streaks,  the  result  of  repeated  wipings  upon  the  sleeves  of  the 
blouse.  People  living  along  the  road  came  out  to  view  the 
Union  Army,  which  most  of  them  were  glad  to  see,  and  which 
they  warmly  welcomed  with  food  and  water.  These  were 
eagerly  accepted  by  the  men. 

Noon  came  and  still  there  was  no  end  to  the  regular  tramp 
of  many  feet.  The  noon  day  meal  was  forgotten  by  the  eager 
watchers,  who  were  anxious  to  see  all.  Never  was  a  parade, 
however  fancifully  or  brilliantly  arrayed,  viewed  with  greater 
interest  than  this  dust  covered  column  of  veterans  in  blue  as 
they  marched  past  these  Union  homes. 

"Let  us  stop  a  while  in  the  cool  shade  of  this  tree,  and 
review  our  comrades, ' '  says  Russell  Foster,  in  his  letters. 

"The  sun  is  intensely  hot,  and  the  clothing  becomes  wet 
with  prespiration.  Occasionally  a  brook  is  crossed.  A  few 
of  the  men  make  a  dash  for  it,  unbuckling  their  dippers  as  they 
scramble  down  the  bank;  some  take  time  to  fill  their  canteens 
and  rest  a  moment,  trusting  to  their  ability  to  catch  up  at  the 
next  halting  place;  others  dash  their  cups  into  the  brook,  fill 
them  at  one  scoop  —  and  also  rile  the  water,  making  the  others 
use  profanity  —  and  run  to  their  places  in  the  line,  with  the  water 
slopping  over  their  clothes  as  they  drink  and  run,  giving  what, 


THE    GETTYSBURG   CAMPAIGN.  219 

if  any,  may  be  left  to  a  comrade  who  drinks  as  he  moves  along, 
getting  about  as  much  down  the  neck  of  his  shirt  as  in  his  mouth; 
some  wet  their  handkerchiefs  and  put  them  under  their  caps  to 
cool  their  heads. 

Most  of  the  regiments  are  dressed  in  the  regulation  fatigue 
uniform,  but  once  in  a  while  a  regiment  passes  which  shows  a 
faded  remnant  of  the  picturesque  Zouave  uniform.  Here 
comes  a  man  slightly  round  shouldered.  He  moves  along  with 
his  gaze  fixed  on  the  ground;  his  cap  is  turned  around  with  the 
visor  covering  one  ear  and  half  of  one  eye,  over  which  straggles 
a  lock  of  tangled  hair.  His  blouse  which  is  hitched  up  in  a  roll 
behind  above  the  belt,  is  open  in  front,  as  is  also  his  woolen 
shirt,  exposing  his  sunburnt  chest;  his  cartridge  box  is  around 
on  his  hip,  the  belt  loose,  while  his  haversack  and  canteen  are 
dangling  in  front  of  him;  the  bottoms  of  his  trousers  are  under 
his  heels  because  he  wears  no  suspenders,  and  a  generous  quid 
of  tobacco  puffs  out  one  cheek.  His  walk  indicates  that  he  is 
an  old  salt. 

"Look  at  that  short  fellow,  somewhat  stout,  with  a  big 
knapsack, — the  only  one  in  the  company.  He  is  evidently  one 
of  the  greedy  ones  and  dislikes  to  see  things  going  to  waste,  for 
he  still  carries  his  woolen  and  rubber  blankets,  shelter  tent  and 
overcoat.  What  else  there  may  be  inside  the  knapsack,  we 
won't  attempt  to  guess;  no  doubt  there  is  enough.  To  his  knap- 
sack he  has  attached  a  frying  pan  and  an  extra  coffee  pot,  while 
straps  secure  a  plate  to  the  back,  black  and  grimy  from  much  use. 
He  is  well  clothed  and  his  gun  and  equipments  show  evidences 
of  good  care;  his  beard  is  full  and  scraggy  and  from  it  great  beads 
of  sweat  are  dropping.  He  is  evidently  one  of  Kaizer  William's 
old  campaigners.  His  comrades  call  him  The  Galvanized 
Dutchman. 

"Now  comes  one  of  a  decidedly  different  type.  He  is  tall 
and  slim;  carries  his  head  up,  has  no  need  of  a  regulation  leather 
choker;  his  eves  roll  around,  taking  in  everything  as  he  passes 
along — if  he  shall  go  over  this  road  five  years  hence,  he  will 
remember  every  house  and  hill — his  cap  is  pushed  back  upon 
his  forehead  with  the  visor  turned  up,  giving  him  a  reckless, 
don't-care  sort  of   look;  he  carries  a  rubber   blanket  over  his 


220  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

shoulder,  but  no  other  article  of  cover  or  any  extra  clothing;  his 
blouse  is  held  together  by  one  button  at  the  throat  and  one  at 
the  roundabout  which  is  drawn  closely  with  the  cartridge  box 
where  it  belongs;  a  big  red  cotton  handkerchief  hangs  in  front, 
fastened  together  by  two  corners  at  the  back  of  his  neck  and 
this  he  uses  to  wipe  off  the  sweat, — and,  incidentally,  to  rub 
the  dust  in.  His  face  is  free  from  beard  and  he  moves  along 
with  a  light  and  cheerful  all-day  tread.  He  will  not  fall  out, 
however  hard  the  march.     He  will  get  there. 

"Here  comes  a  young  man  looking  to  be  not  more  than 
eighteen  years  of  age.  He  is  dressed  in  the  uniform  of  a  private' 
He  carries  a  sword,  and  on  his  shoulders  are  the  straps  of  a 
lieutenant.  Some  of  the  men  have  utilized  their  muskets  for 
clothes  lines  on  which  to  dry  their  handkerchiefs.  Others  are 
tramping  along  with  a  pair  of  stockings  hung  across  the  barrell 
to  dry,  having  been  wet  while  crossing  the  stream. 

"Afternoon  wanes,  and  still  the  endless  stream  flows  on. 
Do  they  never  rest  ?  Since  sunrise  there  has  been  a  continuous 
line  passing  without  a  moment's  hesitation." 

Men  were  getting  weary  and  longed  for  rest,  but  still  they 
were  kept  on  the  move.  "Will  they  never  stop?"  "Are  they 
goin'  to  march  us  all  day,"  and  other  questions  were  growled  out. 

Finally,  as  the  regiment  emerged  from  a  wood,  an  orchard 
was  seen  in  the  distance  in  which  a  brigade  was  resting.  As 
they  filed  into  the  enclosure,  the  regiment  nearest  the  road  filed 
out  and  the  Nineteenth  took  its  place.  The  command  "Halt" 
was  given  and  the  men  dropped  on  the  ground  at  once  and 
stretched  out  for  a  rest.  The  regiment  following  the  Nineteenth 
took  the  place  of  another  which  filed  out,  following  the  first,  and 
so  it  went  on,  one  regiment  taking  the  place  of  another  as  each 
got  a  rest. 

When  the  last  regiment  of  the  brigade  preceding  that  of 
which  the  Nineteenth  was  a  part,  filed  out  of  the  field  the  men 
rose  slowly  and  reluctantly  to  their  feet  at  the  command  and 
moved  on. 

The  duration  of  the  rest  had  been  the  length  of  time  taken 
for  a  brigade  to  file  out  of  the  field, — perhaps  ten  or  fifteen 
minutes.     In  this  way  rests  were  taken  without  stopping  the 


THE    GETTYSBURG   CAMPAIGN.  221 

movement  of  troops  over  the  road.  The  men  became  fretful 
and  scolded  good-naturedly  as  they  kicked  up  the  dust  along 
the  sultry  road.  "What  do  they  think  we  are  made  of?" 
growled  one.  Another  cried  "Where  is  old  Hancock  agoin'  to, 
anyway?  Does  he  think  we  can  march  all  day  without  eating 
or  resting  ?     If  he  does  he 's  mistaken. ' ' 

The  effect  of  the  heat  and  the  forced  marching  was  evident 
as  one  saw  hundreds  who  had  fallen  out. 

As  the  regiment  approached  the  town  of  Liberty,  Gen. 
Gibbon  asked  if  the  "Glee  Club"  would  sing  as  the  column 
marched  through  the  town.  "Billy"  McGinnis  was  orderly 
sergeant  of  the  right  flank  company.  Turning  to  him,  Col. 
Devereux  said  ' '  Drop  out  of  the  line  and  get  your  glee  club  up  to 
the  front."    He  did  so  and  they  were  then  told  to  strike  up  a  tune. 

They  at  once  sang,  as  if  spontaneously: 

"March  along,  we  are  marching  along,"  etc. 

The  effect  was  magical.  The  division  fell  into  step  and  the 
chorus  could  be  heard  ringing  along  the  entire  line. 

As  the  head  of  the  column  reached  the  top  of  the  hill  over- 
looking the  town  of  Liberty  it  was  met  by  a  number  of  citizens. 
The  fields  on  the  northerly  side  of  the  hills  were  filled  with 
troops, — the  brigades  which  had  preceded  the  Third  on  the 
road.  As  it  was  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  it  was  believed 
that  this  meant  a  bivouac  for  the  night,  but  regiment  after  regi- 
ment filed  out  ahead  and  it  was  seen  that  the  rest  was  to  be  only 
a  little  longer  than  the  previous  one.  It  lasted  while  a  division 
was  marching  out  of  the  field.  Soon  the  Nineteenth's  turn  came 
and  once  more  the  men  shook  the  kinks  out  of  their  aching  legs 
and  took  up  the  march  over  the  dusty  road,  through  the  little 
village  of  Liberty.  Some  of  the  inhabitants  came  out  and  gave 
the  passing  soldiers  food  and  water. 

The  sun  sank  below  the  horizon,  evening  breezes  took  the 
place  of  his  hot  breath,  bushes  by  the  wayside  grew  shadowy 
and  finally  faded  into  dark,  irregular  masses,  taking  on  fantastic 
and  wierd  forms  as  the  night  settled  over  the  land.  The  stars 
came  out  one  by  one  in  a  moonless  sky,  but  still  there  was  the 
incessant  tramp,  tramp,  tramp  as  the  line  moved  forward  with- 


222  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

out  a  halt.  The  Second  Corps,  as  the  result  of  this  forced 
march  was  nicknamed  "Hancock's  Night-Walkers. "  In 
silence  and  with  aching  bones,  they  struggled  along  until  nine 
o'clock  that  evening  when  they  halted  in  the  streets  of  Union- 
town,  32  miles  from  Monocacy  Junction  from  whence  they  had 
started  in  the  morning.  The  men  dropped  where  they  halted 
and  instantly  were  asleep.  None  of  the  companies  had  full 
ranks  and  stragglers  from  all  of  them  came  gradually  in  during 
the  night. 

The  regimental  return  made  out  at  Uniontown  reads  as 
follows : 

Col.  Devereux,  promoted  from  Lieutenant  Colonel,  vice 
Hinks,  promoted,  to  date  Nov.  29,  1862. 

Lieut.  Col.  Ansel  D.  Wass,  appointed  and  commissioned  by 
Gov.  Andrew  May  23,  1863. 

First  Lieut.  William  A.  Hill,  appointed  adjutant,  vice  Pal- 
mer, promoted,  to  date  April  15,  1863. 

Co.  A.,  First  Lieut.  Warner  A.  Tilton,  promoted  from 
Second  Lieutenant,  vice  Reynolds,  promoted,  to  date  Feb.  27, 
but  refused  muster  on  account  of  sickness. 

Second  Lieut.  Sherman  S.  Robinson,  promoted  from  Ser- 
geant Co.  A.,  vice  Donath,  promoted,  to  date  April  4. 

Co.  C,  Capt.  William  L.  Palmer,  promoted  from  Adjutant, 
vice  Devereux,  discharged,  to  date  April  15. 

First  Lieut.  Herman  Donath,  promoted  from  Second  Lieu- 
tenant, vice  Dodge,  promoted,  to  date  April  4. 

Co.  D.,  Second  Lieut.  William  E.  Barrows,  promoted  from 
Hospital  Steward,  vice  Stone,  promoted,  to  date  March  25,  1863. 
On  detached  service,  Third  Brigade,  A.  A.  D.  C. 

Co.  E.,  Capt.  John  P  Reynolds,  Jr.,  absent  sick  on  Sur- 
geon's Certificate  for  wounds,  promoted  from  First  Lieutenant, 
vice  Chadwick,  discharged,  to  date  Feb.  26. 

Co.  F.,  First  Lieut.  William  H.  Stone,  promoted  from 
Second  Lieutenant,  vice  Bishop,  dismissed,  to  date  March  25. 

Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  transferred  from  Co.  D. 

Co.  G.,  Second  Lieut.  John  B.  Thompson,  promoted  from 
Sergeant,  Co.  F,  vice  Moore,  discharged,  to  date  March  27. 


THE    GETTSYBURG    CAMPAIGN.  223 

Co.  H.  Capt.  J.  G.  C.  Dodge,  promoted  from  First  Lieu- 
tenant, vice  Weymouth,  discharged,  to  date  April  4,  1863. 

Second  Lieut.  Charles  S.  Palmer,  promoted  from  First  Ser- 
geant, Co.  I,  vice  Wellock,  dismissed,  to  date  March  18. 

Co.  I.,  Second  Lieut.  William  F.  Rice,  promoted  from  Ser- 
geant Co.  E.,  vice  Tilton,  promoted,  to  date  Feb.  26. 

Co.  K.,  Capt.  Andrew  Mahoney,  transferred  from  Co.  E. 

First  Lieut.  L.  S.  Hume  absent  in  general  hospital  sick  since 
June  13. 

Second  Lieut.  Charles  L.  Merrill,  promoted  from  Sergeant^ 
Co.  C,  vice  Abbott,  discharged,  to  date  April  18. 

Capt.  H.  G.  O.  Weymouth,  discharged  April  4,  1863,  S.  O. 
156,  W  D.,  A.  G.  O.  on  account  of  loss  of  his  leg. 

The  corps  was  encamped  around  the  town  and  soon  Gen. 
Hancock  issued  orders  that  the  Nineteenth  regiment  should  take 
possession  of  the  place,  maintain  a  provost  guard,  preserve  order, 
and  see  that  all  the  outlets  were  guarded. 

The  Colonel  was  waited  on  by  a  committee  of  ladies  who 
insisted  on  cooking'  something  for  the  men,  and,  after  a  little 
argument,  this  was  agreed  to  upon  condition  that  the  officers 
should  pay  something  for  their  trouble. 

The  night  passed  quietly  and  peacably.  Orders  were  re- 
ceived by  the  corps,  however,  to  start  at  four  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing, July  1st,  without  rations,  on  a  march  of  36  miles  along  the 
Tarrytown  road.  During  the  morning  was  heard  the  low  mur- 
mur of  distant  cannonading,  and,  as  the  line  advanced,  the 
sound  grew  until  it  deepened  into  the  thunders  of  Gettysburg's 
first  day. 

The  regiment  frequently  met  scattered  portions  of  the 
Eleventh  Corps  returning, — "winded" — from  the  field,  and,  as 
usual,  in  such  an  event,  there  was  much  badinage  between  the 
men  as  they  passed. 

"What's  all  that  noise  about?" 

"I  wonder  if  anyone  is  getting  hurt  up  there?" 

"What's  the  matter?     Frightened?" 

"Is  it  onlv  a  mile?" 


224  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

These  and  many  other  expressions  were  used  to  jolly  the 
comrades  as  they  went  by, — tired,  sore  and  hungry.  As  the 
regiment  had  moved  out  of  Uniontown  in  the  morning,  Co.  C, 
was  left  to  capture,  if  possible,  some  of  the  enemy,  who  were 
said  to  be  in  hiding.  The  search  was  unsuccessful  and  the 
company  rejoined  the  regiment  at  Tarrytown. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

ARRIVAL  AT  GETTYSBURG. 
JULY  1-2. 

At  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  July  1,  the  regiment 
bivouacked  in  the  woods  near  Cemetery  Ridge,  on  the  ground 
of  the  famous  battlefield  of  Gettysburg.  The  desperate  fights 
at  Seminary  Ridge  and  Willoughby  Run,  between  Gen.  Rey- 
nold's, with  the  First  Corps,  and  Gen.  Ewell,  had  already  taken 
place.  Reynolds  had  lost  his  life.  His  First  Corps  had  been 
almost  annihilated  after  a  magnificent  resistance,  and  Howard' 
with  the  Eleventh  Corps,  who  had  come  up  late  in  the  afternoon, 
had  been  driven  back  through  Gettysburg  to  Cemetery  Hill. 

Success  at  one  moment  had  been  with  the  Union  forces  and 
then  with  the  Rebels,  according  as  each  received  reinforcements. 
Reynold's  and  Howards'  Corps  rallied  on  the  heights  of  Ceme- 
tery Ridge,  under  cover  of  a  fresh  brigade  which  had  been  left 
there  by  Gen.  Howard,  and  at  this  crisis  Gen.  Hancock's  Second 
Corps  came  up  and  bivouacked.  In  the  morning  the  Third 
Corps  arrived  and  took  position  on  its  left. 

A  peak,  which  from  its  shape  was  called  Round  Top,  threw 
out  a  spur  toward  Gettysburg,  forming  first  another  little  peak, 
called  Little  Round  Top,  and  then  a  ridge  extending  as  far  as 
the  Cemetery,  just  out  of  Gettysburg,  where  it  turned  off  to  the 
right,  making  a  turn  like  a  horse-shoe.  Round  Top  formed  a 
strong  position  for  the  Union  left,  held  by  the  Sixth  Corps. 
Then  the  Fifth  Corps  had  the  ground  behind  Little  Round  Top. 
Then  were  the  Third  Corps  under  Sickles,  Second  Corps  under 
Hancock,  Eleventh,  First  and  Twelfth  Corps  forming  Right  and 
Right  Centre. 

In  front  of  the  Third,  Second  and  Eleventh  Corps,  a  gentle 
slope  led  down  the  valley,  through  which  also  ran  another  spur 

(225) 


226  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

ridge  of  land,  branching  from  the  main  ridge  and  losing  itself 
in  some  low  lands  in  front  of  the  Round  Tops.  On  the  other 
side  of  the  valley  was  another  ridge,  well  lined  with  woods,  which 
was  almost  parallel  with  Cemetery  Ridge.  This  one  was  called 
Seminary  Ridge,  from  the  Seminary  which  stood  upon  it. 

The  rebel  signal  station  was  visible,  and  on  the  low  ridge 
stretching  to  right  and  left,  from  that  was  the  advance  line  of 
battle  of  Gen.  Lee, — a  fine  position,  but  not  as  strong  as  the 
one  selected  by  Gen.  Hancock. 

On  the  morning  of  the  second  of  July,  the  Sixth  and  Fifth 
Corps  had  not  yet  taken  up  their  final  positions.  The  Fifth 
Corps  had  a  march  of  36  miles  to  make  in  the  night  of  July  1st 
and  the  morning  of  the  2nd  and  that  morning  passed  very 
quietly  for  the  other  Union  forces.  Notwithstanding  EwelPs 
success,  Lee  made  no  effort  until  the  balance  of  his  army  could 
get  up,  under  Longstreet,  and  this  occupied  the  entire  forenoon. 
Far  in  the  north  could  be  seen  the  dust  made  by  Stuart,  return- 
ing from  his  wild  escapade  around  the  Union  army.  Down  to 
the  left,  Kilpatrick  and  his  men  were  seen  to  come  up.  The 
Union  troops  were  rapidly  getting  their  positions  and  there  was 
a  feeling  that  a  hard  struggle  was  before  them.  Failure  to 
drive  the  enemy,  everyone  knew,  meant  invasion  of  the  North. 
Lee's  failure  to  drive  Meade  and  Hancock  meant,  perhaps,  the 
destruction  of  his  army. 

The  summer  sun  gilded  leaf  and  trunk,  hill  and  plain. 
Light  summer  airs  just  stirred  flag  and  plume,  and  it  was  hard 
to  realize  that  ere  many  hours  all  the  many-sided  savagery  of 
war  would  be  here. 

Early  in  the  morning,  there  occurred  a  movement  which 
nearly  led  to  dire  disaster.  Gen.  Sickles'  disposition  was  a 
little  lower  on  the  crest  than  the  rest  of  the  line,  the  Emmets- 
burg  road  really  overtopping  it.  With  the  best  of  intentions 
to  accomplish  a  great  purpose,  he  decided  to  sieze  the  Emmets- 
burg  road.  This  new  position  caused  an  angle  where  Sickles' 
left  was  thrown  back  to  make  connection  with  Little  Round 
Top.  The  angle  was  in  a  peach  orchard  and  was  not  a  strong 
position.  It  brought  the  Third  Corps  into  a  very  advanced 
position,  left  its  flank  "in  the  air"  and  opened  a  gap  of  some 


ARRIVAL   AT    GETTYSBURG.  227 

hundreds  of  yards  between  the  right  of  the  Third  Corps  and  the 
left  of  the  Second. 

At  two  o'clock  a  few  squadrons  of  cavalry  moved  out  from 
the  extreme  right  of  the  enemy's  line  and  reconnoitered  the  Union 
left.  They  were  driven  in  by  a  battery  of  the  Third  Corps  to 
which  a  battery  of  Lee  replied.  Then  a  brigade  of  infantry 
deployed  from  the  extreme  right  of  Lee's  line  and  advanced 
into  the  plain.  When  this  was  fairly  in  motion,  another  became 
visible,  deploying  from  the  woods  in  its  rear.  Another  and 
another  deployed  and  advanced  and  the  great  movement  un- 
masked. Longstreet,  seeing  his  advantage  and  that  he  enfiladed 
Sickles'  position,  planned  to  attack  him  by  eschelon  of  brigades 
from  the  right,  having  Round  Top  for  its  objective  point.  Lee 
was  to  overlap  the  left  flank,  and,  while  rolling  back  the  imperilled 
Third  Corps  upon  the  Second,  carry  the  key  to  the  position  by 
assault. 

During  some  moments  of  silence  this  grand  manoeuvre 
develops  itself  and  a  second  and  a  third  line  are  disposed  in  the 
same  formation.  The  western  half  of  the  plain  in  front  of  Sickles 
is  full  of  marching  lines  of  dusty  brown,  and  the  deep  silence 
gives  promise  of  dread  work  for  all. 

Xow  the  advance  brigade  of  Lee  emerges  from  the  Peach 
Orchard  and  the  guns  of  "Rickett's"  famous  battery  open 
fire  upon  it  over  the  heads  o'f  the  Third  Corps  from  a  ridge  in 
its  rear.  The  first  shell  overthrows  the  battle  color  of  the  right 
battalion  and  this  is  accepted  as  a  good  omen,  with  a  hearty 
cheer  from  the  Second  Corps.  The  advance  brigade  falters 
for  a  moment  under  the  shells  of  "Rickett's"  but  for  a  moment 
only,  and  its  ranks  are  closed.  Woodford's  battery  from  the 
right  of  the  Second  Corps,  Pettitt's  Twelfth  New  York'i'rom  its 
centre,  batteries  B.  and  (i.,  1st  Rhode  Island  and  Capt.  Harry 
Sleeper's  Tenth  Massachusetts,  in  turn,  open  their  fire  upon 
those  advancing  masses  over  the  heads  of  Sickles'  Corps.  Their 
fire  draws  upon  them  a  deadly  storm  from  Lee's  opposing  bat- 
teries to  which  they  vouchsafe  no  reply  Their  orders  are  to 
neglect  Lee's  guns  and  concentrate  their  fire  upon  hisjidvanc- 
ing  hosts  of  flesh  and  blood.  The  advance  is  momentarily 
checked,  its  impetus  is  lost  but  still  those  brave  mencome  gal- 


228  THE   NINETEENTH   MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

lantly  on.  The  leading  brigades  have  now  unmasked  their 
front  to  the  batteries  of  the  Third  Corps  on  the  eastern  slope  of 
the  little  vale  and  the  forty  guns  of  the  Third  Corps  add  their 
thunders  to  the  tumult. 

Lee's  right  brigade^  has  overlapped  the  Union  left,  the 
"Excelsior"  Brigade  combat  their  left  and  open  fire  upon  the 
flanks.  The  Jersey  brigade  next  opens  fire  and  in  five  minutes 
more  Sickle's  whole  left  is  enveloped  in  flame;  this  corps  is  con- 
tending with  the  whole  force  of  Ewell  and  Hill.  From  the  first 
it  is  apparent  that  the  position  must  be  lost,  and  Sickles  must 
retire  to  the  line  of  Cemetery  Ridge,  but  that  the  ground  in 
front  must  be  defended  to  the  last,  must  be  defended  until  the 
enemy  is  too  much  exhausted  with  fatigue,  too  much  enfeebled 
by  death  and  wounds  to  continue  the  assault  after  Sickles  shall 
have  been  forced  back  to  the  Ridge. 

With  desperate  tenacity,  Sickles'  Corps  holds  its  original 
position  for  half  an  hour.  Then  its  left  is  first  forced  by  sheer 
weight  to  retire,  but  for  a  few  rods  only.  Brigade  after  brigade 
is  forced  to  follow  in  the  same  movement. 

The  entire  engagement  is  plainly  visible  from  the  position 
occupied  by  the  Nineteenth  regiment.  The  roar  and  din  is 
frightful,  smoke  and  dust  obscure,  at  times,  the  field,  where 
charge  after  charge  is  gallantly  made  and  as  gallanty  repulsed. 
Sickles  has  lost  his  leg.  Hooker's  old  heroes  have  suffered 
terribly.  The  left  is  drawn  farther  and  farther  back  until  at 
four  o'clock  the  corps  has  been  compelled  to  change  front,  its 
right  resting  on  the  Emmetsburg  road,  in  front  of  the  left  of  the 
Second  Corps,  and  its  left  resting  upon  Round  Top,  half  a  mile 
in  the  rear  of  its  original  position. 

The  battle  lulls  a  moment  while  Hill  forms  his  division  in 
lines  for  the  deed  which  has  been  the  object  of  all  this  carnage — 
the  assault  of  Round  Top. 

The  men  of  the  quiescent  Second  Corps  see  it  form,  they 
see  it  move  forward,  and  the  storm  breaks  forth  again  with 
renewed  intensity  and  fearful  power.  The  batteries  of  the 
Second  Corps  concentrate  their  fire  upon  the  doomed  line;  its 
flank  is  exposed;  fifty  guns  pour  upon  it  a  hurtling  storm  of 
bursting  shell  and  spherical  case.     Wide  gaps  are  torn  in  its 


ARRIVAL   AT    GETTYSBURG.  229 

crowded  ranks,  but  it  rushes  on.  It  wins  half  the  ascent,  it 
gains  shelter  from  the  fire  of  the  Second  Corps  in  the  wooded 
ravine  between  the  twin  chests,  but  Chamberlain's  brigade 
charges  down  upon  them  with  the  steel,  to  the  accompaniment 
of  fierce  hurrahs  which  drown  the  rebel  yell. 

Again  rises  and  swells  the  deep  toned  hurrahs  of  the  New 
Englanders  and  forth  from  that  bloody  ravine  come  flying  the 
fragments  of  the  proud  rebel  column.  Upon  its  retreating 
masses,  the  batteries  of  the  Second  Corps  re-open  a  deadlier 
fire,  and  when  they  reach  the  plain  but  a  fragment  remains  of 
the  splendid  force  which  had  advanced  so  proudly  and  confi- 
dently. A  moment  the  hosts  of  Lee  stand  silent,  stunned,  while 
Hooker's  old  heroes  vent  their  pride  and  joy  in  exultant  cheers. 
Then  with  deadlier  rage  and  wounded  pride  they  renew  the 
fierce  attack  in  the  plain  below. 

The  object  of  the  rebel  attack  is  changed.  The  attack 
upon  Sickles'  left  has  but  driven  him  to  a  firm  base  upon  the  foot 
of  Round  Top.  The  assault  upon  the  crest  has  too  fearfully 
and  completely  failed  to  be  repeated.  Hundreds  of  wounded 
men  are  seen  moving  across  the  plain  to  the  rear. 

Nothing  remains  but  to  force  back  and  roll  up  Sickles' 
right  and  push  the  superior  masses  of  the  enemy  between  the 
Second  and  Third  Corps.  The  weight  of  the  assault  is  then 
rapidly  changed  from  the  right  to  the  left  of  their  attack;  upon 
Humphrey's  right  wing  the  Third  Corps  is  rapidly  concen- 
trated and  the  battle  wages  more  fiercely  than  before.  Instead 
of  being  in  advance  of  Hancock's  left,  Humphrey  should  have 
been  connected  with  it.  Human  flesh  cannot  long  endure  such 
a  storm.  Heroically  the  Third  Corps  resists  an  attack  from 
thrice  its  force  Wavering  and  staggering,  it  yet  holds  its  posi- 
tion until  the  Mississippi  brigade  of  Barksdale  turns  its  right  and 
falls  upon  its  flank.  It  gallantly  meets  the  new  foe  and  for  a 
few  moments  holds  its  own.  Gen.  Meade  comes  up  just  at  this 
time,  with  Hancock  and  Gibbon,  and  stands  near  the  Nineteenth 
.Massachusetts,  which  is  occupying  a  position  in  the  front  of 
the  Second  Division,  Second  Corps,  just  to  the  left  of  the  now 
justly  celebrated  Copse  of  trees.  It  is  soon  apparent  that  some- 
thing must  be  done  to  assist  Humphrey 


230  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Turning  to  Hancock,  Gen.  Meade  says:  "Something  must 
be  done.     Send  a  couple  of  regiments  out  in  support  of  Hum- 
phrey."    Hancock  turned  to  Gibbon,  and,  without  a  word  be- 
tween them,  the  latter  says  to  Col.  Devereux,  "Take  the  Forty 
Second  New  York  with  you. ' ' 

In  an  instant  the  two  regiments,  in  all  about  400  men  are  on 
the  march  at  double-quick  along  the  ridge  toward  the  left  and 
front.  The  right  flank  of  the  Third  Corps  is  probably  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  distant  when  the  regiments  start  and  when  nearly 
opposite  it,  they  turn  and  make  straight  toward  Humphrey's 
position  and  cross  Plum  Run,  beyond  which  there  is  a  slight 
ridge,  running  diagonally  to  the  road  and  facing  almost  exactly 
the  point  of  compass  from  which  Longstreet  made  his  advance- 
The  two  regiments  move  forward,  but  the  terrible  flank  fire 
forces  them  to  quickly  halt.  The  men  are  ordered  to  lie  down. 
The  smoke  is  so  dense  that  they  can  see  but  a  short  distance. 
The  men  who  are  being  pressed  back  are  called  upon  to  form 
upon  the  left  flanks  of  the  two  regiments.  Quite  a  line  is  formed 
from  these  troops  and  they  renew  the  fighting  as  fiercely  as  if 
they  had  not,  for  three  hours,  already  faced  the  extremest  fury 
of  the  storm.  The  Mississipians,  with  a  brigade  of  Virginians 
were  seen  to  move  forward  to  complete  their  victory.  So  close 
to  the  feeble  remnants  of  the  broken  Third  Corps  are  they  that 
they  almost  intermingle.  The  little  line  in  blue  opens  on  them 
and  checked  the  foremost  a  little  until  a  rebel  battery  is  run 
forward  and  opens  fire.  Being  subjected  also  to  an  enfilading 
fire,  Col.  Devereux  says  to  Col.  Mallon:  "Order  your  men  to 
stand  up,  fire  a  volley  by  the  rear  and  front  rank  and  you  will 
clean  out  those  in  front  of  you  and  stop  them.  Then  face  about' 
go  back  to  the  old  line  on  double-quick,  face  about  again  and 
wait  for  the  Nineteenth. 

It  was  a  desperate  situation  in  more  ways  than  one.  The 
slightest  delay  meant  risk  of  capture,  but  to  stop  the  onward 
march  of  the  enemy's  lines  on  to  the  shattered  forces  must  be 
done  if  possible.  Then,  above  all,  there  is  the  importance  of 
getting  the  troops  back  on  the  old  line  in  good  order  to  be  a 
rallying  point  for  those  who  have  been  driven  off  the  field.  The 
Nineteenth  is  ordered  to  rise  and  fire  a  volley,  which  temporarily 


ARRIVAL   AT    GETTYSBURG.  231 

checks  the  enemy.  They  are  instantly  told  to  face  about  and 
march  back.  Major  Rice  and  about  70  of  the  men  are  left 
behind  as  skirmishers  to  protect  the  left  of  the  line.  As  Col. 
Devereux  remarked  afterward,  "I  never  felt  more  solemnly  a 
demand  for  duty  which  must  beobeyedatno  matter  what  sacrifice. 
The  men  must  be  brought  back  to  the  old  line  at  whatever  risk» 
and  without  any  disorder.  They  marched  as  steadily  as  if  on 
parade,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  enemy  had  recovered 
themselves  and  commenced  to  fire  upon  us  and  our  men  were 
falling.  It  was  only  necessary,  however,  for  me  to  give  one 
order.  The  men  staggered  under  that  pitiless  fire  on  their  right 
flank  as  they  were  then  faced,  but  all  I  had  to  say  was  "Steady, 
boys,  steady,"  and  we  reached  the  line  in  perfect  order  and  faced 
about,  to  find  how  well,  perhaps,  it  was  that  we  should  have 
dared  what  we  had  just  endured." 

As  the  regiment  falls  back,  just  as  it  reaches  a  clump  of 
bushes  in  a  hollow,  a  line  of  men  from  the  Fifth  Corps  is  met 
coming  through.  The  two  regiments  fall  back  through  these 
bushes,  halt,  face  about  again  and  "plug  away"  at  the  foe  as 
coolly  as  if  they  had  not  already  lost  a  quarter  of  their  men. 
While  doing  this,  First  Sergeant  Viall  of  Co.  E,  comes  running, 
swinging  his  musket  over  his  head,  crying,  ' '  Come  on !  Come  on ! 
they're  running!' '  Suddenly  he  drops  his  musket  and,  clasping 
his  arms  across  his  breast,  runs  to  the  rear  with  a  severe  wound 
in  the  arm.  "There's  a  brave  man"  remarks  Major  Rice,  and 
then  tells  his  companions  to  "hurry  up"  with  their  loading. 

Here  fell  the  gallant  Adams,  with  one  ball  in  the  bowels, 
and  another  in  the  hip.  Who  does  not  remember  "Bottle" 
Ross,  Kirbv,  Williams,  Johnson,  Corrigan — and  half  a  hundred 
more  who  fell. 

The  Mississipians  continue  to  move  forward,  unchecked  by 
the  thin  line  of  skirmishers,  who  fall  back  from  in  front  of  the 
Fust  Minnesota  and  those  who  are  left  from  upon  their  right. 
Then  the  Minnesotajregiment  charges  upon  the  long  line  of  the 
enemy  and  returns  with  but  a  handful  of  men.  These,  however, 
bring  back  many  captives,  among  them  being  a  brother  of  D  J. 
Mc  A.  Jewett,  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts.      (This  brother, 


232  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

a  native  of  Spain,  was  afterward  killed  on  a  foreign  field,  fighting 
for  the  Royalty  of  his  native  country.) 

As  the  enemy  fell  back,  the  sun  was  just  setting.  Its  rays 
lighted  up  the  smoke  which  hung  heavily  in  front,  with  a  lurid 
glare.  The  rebels  are  seen  running  hither  and  thither,  loading 
and  firing.     It  is  all  an  unnatural  scene. 

In  this  action  Capt.  Dodge,  Lieutenants  Adams  and  Stone 
were  wounded,  and  several  men  were  killed  and  wounded.  It 
was  now  quite,  dark  and  in  half  an  hour  Capt.  Leach,  of  the 
Brigade  Staff,  brought  orders  for  the  regiments  to  return  to  the 
old  position  of  the  Second  Corps,  where  they  arrived  at  2  A.  M. 
and  lay  down  to  rest  on  the  line  upon  Cemetery  Ridge.  The 
Third  Corps  formed  its  new  line  upon  the  ridge  to  the  left,  and 
details  from  both  corps  bore  off  the  wounded  from  the  field. 

Col.  Devereux  commanding  the  regiment,  says  of  the 
action  of  the  men  on  this  day:  "The  most  tried  and  veteran 
troops  are  never  expected  to  march  deliberately  with  a  fire  in 
their  backs.  It  is  universally  agreed  that  when  they  can  face 
the  enemy,  they  must  stand  to  the  last,  but  when  they  have  to 
turn  their  backs,  it  is  not  expected  of  them.  I  have  always  felt 
that,  although  on  the  following  day  (July  3rd),  the  Nineteenth 
did  a  magnificent  thing,  brilliant  act  as  it  was  for  a  test  of  soldier- 
ship of  a  character  most  unexampled,  what  they  did  on  the  second 
day  takes  higher  rank." 

During  the  first  retirement  of  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts,  the  color  sergeant  was  shot  down  and  dropped 
the  flag.  It  was  immediately  picked  up  by  Benjamin  H.  Jellison 
of  Co.  C,  who  had  become  crowded  into  the  color  guard.  Hewasat 
once  made  a  sergeant  and  carried  the  color  during  the  balance  of 
this  engagement,  and  on  the  following  day  performed  an  heroic 
deed  which  won  for  him  the  Medal  of  Honor. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

GETTYSBURG. 
JULY   3,    1863. 

Darkness  settled  like  a  pall  upon  the  blood-stained  sod  of 
Gettysburg.  Many  prisoners  were  brought  in  from  the  left 
during  the  evening,  and  there  were  numbers  of  the  Nineteenth 
who  went  to  "bed"  supperless,  but  they  slept  as  soundly  as 
though  there  was  no  such  thing  as  a  battle,  fought  or  to  be  fought. 

When  the  distant  clock  of  Gettysburg  tolled  the  hour  of 
three,  aides  and  orderlies  began  to  hustle  about,  the  sleeping 
warriors  were  silently  awakened  and  each  addressed  himself  to 
the  preparation  of  a  repast, — mayhap  his  last. 

From  about  the  centre  of  the  famous  "Horse-Shoe"  occu- 
pied by  Meade's  forces,  immediately  to  left  the  of  the  cemetery 
a  knoll  projected  a  little  from  the  general  direction  of  the  Union 
lines.  The  knoll  was  crowned  with  a  growth  of  small  oaks 
constituting  a  prominent  feature  of  the  landscape.  The  slope 
of  this  knoll  toward  the  enemy,  and  for  a  little  distance  to  both 
left  and  right,  was  held  by  the  Second  Division,  Second  Corps, 
under  command  of  Gen.  John  Gibbon.  In  it  were  three  bri- 
gades, that  of  Gen.  Webb  on  the  right,  Col.  Hall  in  the  centre 
and  Gen.  Harrow  on  the  left.  There  was  but  one  line  of  infantry 
from  the  left  up  to  Webb's  position  where  one  of  his  regiments 
had  retired  a  few  paces.  One  spirited  writer  has  fixed  the 
immortal  stamp  upon  that  "Single  Line  of  Blue." 

After  early  morning,  Lee's  artillery  could  be  seen  massing 
in  front.  Conjecture  easily  anticipated  the  object:  a  tremen- 
dous cannonade  on  some  point  of  the  Union  line,  and  an  infantry 
assault  ensuing.  What  point  more  likely  than  this  conspicuous 
and  central  one?  Events  proved  that  Lee  regarded  it  as  the 
"Key  Point"   of  the  position.      His  policy  of  a    fierce  assault 

(233) 


234  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

immediately  following  a  heavy  firing  of  guns  with  the  purpose 
of  piercing  his  enemy's  centre  declared  his  belief  in  the  weakness 
of  that  point  and  his  confidence  in  the  successful  issue.  He 
had  tried  the  left  and  been  repulsed.  He  had  tried  the  right 
and  been  thrown  back.  History  must  record  the  soundness  of 
his  judgment,  and  how  victory  barely  escaped  his  grasp.  Al- 
though the  busy  preparations  of  Lee's  lines  were  evident,  the 
morning  was  spent  in  absolute  inaction  on  the  part  of  the  Second 
Corps.  A  brooding  silence  hung  over  all  with  a  pall  of  dread 
anticipation.  The  period  before  a  conflict  which  is  plainly 
inevitable,  impresses  a  solemn  sense  upon  all,  with  greater  force 
the  higher  the  organization. 

The  division  lay  there,  resting  on  its  arms,  scarcely  a  move- 
ment making  itself  apparent  to  disturb  the  universal  hush.  The 
Nineteenth  regiment  lay  to  the  left  and  a  little  to  the  rear  of  the 
grove  on  the  westerly  side  of  the  ridge,  wh^ch  was  very  low  at 
that  point.  The  Forty-Second  New  York  was  in  line  with  it, 
the  Twentieth  Massachusetts  was  directly  in  front  in  the  first 
line,  lying  behind  a  slight  breastwork  made  by  throwing  some 
earth  up  against  a  low  stone  fence,  topped  with  rails.  On  the 
crest  of  the  ridge,  in  front  of  the  spot  where  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  and  the  Forty-Second  New  York  regiments  were 
in  line  was  Rorty's  battery. 

The  day  was  extremely  hot  and  many  of  the  men  impro- 
vised shelters  by  inverting  their  muskets,  with  the  bayonets 
stuck  in  the  ground,  thus  making  posts  of  them,  to  which,  by 
means  of  the  hammers,  pieces  of  shelter  tents  or  blankets  were 
fastened. 

Some  of  the  officers  had  been  fortunate  enough  to  secure 
something  to  eat  and  were  enjoying  it,  spread  upon  a  blanket 
just  in  the  rear  of  the  line  of  stacks.  Just  at  one  o'clock  the 
sharp  report  of  a  shotted  gun  within  the  enemy's  lines,  broke 
the  oppressive  stillness.  It  was  plainly  a  signal.  In  an  instant  a 
round  shot  came  bounding  diagonally  over  the  ridge,  like  a 
rubber  ball.  Instantly  there  was  another  report  and  a  second 
shot  came  over  from  the  same  direction  and  following  the  same 
course.  Lieut.  Sherman  Robinson,  of  Co.  A  was  among  the 
group  of  officers  and  had  leaped  to  his  feet  at  the  sound  of  the 


GETTYSBURG.  235 

first  gun.  He  was  in  the  act  of  wiping  his  mouth  with  his  hand- 
kerchief when  the  second  shot  struck  him  on  the  left  side,  just 
below  the  shoulder,  passing  through  his  body  and  bearing  him 
to  the  ground,  literally  torn  to  pieces. 

He  was  a  man  very  much  liked  and  respected.  He  had 
"won  his  spurs"  in  the  ranks  and  was  wearing  his  reward  of 
merit  on  his  shoulders  in  the  badge  of  his  hard  earned  com- 
mission, just  acquired. 

The  report  from  the  second  gun  had  not  died  away  before 
another  shot  came  over  the  ridge,  striking  among  the  gun  stacks 
of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  and  then  every  rebel  gun  on 
Seminary  Ridge  opened  in  one  grand  salvo,  with  concentric 
fire  on  Gibbon's  Division.  From  this  time  on,  for  an  hour  and 
thirty  minutes,  the  roaring  of  cannon  and  the  bursting  of  shells 
from  both  sides  was  so  incessant  that  the  ear  could  not  distin- 
guish individual  explosions.  It  was  one  grand  raging  clash  of 
ceaseless  sound, — the  most  terrific  cannonading  of  the  war. 
The  woods  in  front  seemed  lined  with  flame  and  smoke.  Pande- 
monium broken  loose  was  zephyr  to  a  cyclone  in  comparison. 

Each  man  fell  prostrate  upon  the  level  summit  of  the  flat, 
low  ridge.  Just  in  front  of  the  Nineteenth's  line,  the  summit 
swelled  perhaps  two  feet  above  their  backs.  From  the  ridge  on 
which  they  lay,  a  hundred  guns  joined  their  clamor  to  the  awful 
din.  Their  diverging  fire  had  little  power  against  that  terrible 
concentric  storm  of  crashing,  whirring,  bursting  shell.  From 
right,  from  left  and  from  the  front  poured  the  iron  shower,  above, 
around,  among  the  men  of  the  Second  Corps.  Rorty's  battery 
was  in  a  position  in  front  of  the  regiment.  Five  horses  and  the 
drivers  of  the  leading  gun  fell  among  the  prostrate  infantry 
men.  Soon  the  third  gun  rolled  helpless  from  its  wheels.  With 
but  two  guns  left,  heroic  Rorty  continued  to  fire.  Then  a 
caisson  burst.  Immediately  his  left  piece  was  struck  and 
shattered,  and  with  one  gun  he  continued.  In  half  an  hour, 
of  sixty  men,  he  had  but  four  remaining  and  still  the  hero  plied 
that  single  gun.  Another  shot,  and  casting  off  sword  and  coat 
the  officer  grasped  the  rammer.  The  heated  gun  would  scarce 
receive  the  charge,  and  he  called  for  water  to  cool  his  piece. 

To  the  little  spring  in  the  rear  of  his  line  it  was  full  four 


236  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    KEGIMENT. 

hundred  yards.  The  air  was  full  of  grass  and  dirt  cast  from 
the  soil  by  the  jagged  rebel  iron.  Moses  Shackley,  Second 
Lieutenant  of  Co.  B,  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  sprang  up, 
grasped  the  bucket,  and,  with  a  merry  laugh,  through  dust  and 
smoke,  amid  whizzing  balls  and  bursting  shells,  which  screeched 
down  the  path  he  was  compelled  to  take,  coolly  walked  down 
the  slope  toward  General  Meade's  Headquarters  and  stooped 
over  the  spring.  A  round  shot  struck  the  ground  between  his 
feet,  but  did  not  harm  him  and  he  returned  safely  over  the  fire- 
swept  plain. 

"The  water  is  cold  enough,  boys,"  he  shouted,  "but  its 
devilish  hot  around  the  spring." 

The  gallant  deed  and  the  merry  jest  drew  cheers  from  those 
who,  with  bated  breath,  had  watched  the  journey.  Lieut. 
Brown,  bareheaded,  again  called  out:  "For  God's  sake,  Colonel, 
let  me  have  twelve  men  to  work  my  gun." 

The  men  heard  it  and  looked  into  each  other's  eyes.  Can  I? 
Snellen,  the  sailor  soldier  from  Marblehead, —  struck  already 
by  one  spent  ball, — limped  to  the  front.  "I'm  one  boys! 
Who's  the  next?"  he  said.  Then  Capt.  Mahoney  and  Sergeant 
"Billy"  McGinnis,  of  Co.  K,  Sergeants  Cornelius  Linnehan  and 
Matthias  Bixby,  of  Co.  F,  and  twenty  more  immediately  re- 
sponded, and  did  excellent  service.  They  replaced  the  broken 
wheels,  brought  ammunition  from  the  limbers,  and  fired  the  guns. 
Lieut.  Shackley  had  been  lying  by  the  side  of  Sergt.  Benjamin 
H.  Jellison,  who  bore  the  colors.  "Come,  Jellison,  let's  go 
and  help,"  he  said,  "we  might  just  as  well  get  killed  there  as 
here,"  and  in  a  moment  he  was  conspicuously  showing  great 
courage  and  coolness,  walking  from  piece  to  piece,  encouraging 
and  assisting  the  men.  Jellison  was  finally  ordered  back  to  the 
colors  by  Col.  Devereux. 

During  the  cannonade,  the  Nineteenth  and  Forty-Second 
New  York,  composing  the  second  line  of  men,  suffered  some 
loss,  as  did  the  first  line,  as  the  rebel  gunners  trained  their  pieces 
on  the  artillery  along  the  top  of  the  ridge,  thus  throwing  most  of 
their  shells  into  these  lines.  The  headquarters  of  Gen.  Meade, 
which  were  directly  in  the  rear  of  the  location  of  the  Nineteenth, 
were  shelled  so  severely  that  they  were  removed  to  another  posi- 


GETTYSBURG.  237 

tion.  The  rain  of  shot  and  shell  was  continuous.  Frag- 
ments of  bursting  shell  were  flying  everywhere.  There  seemed 
to  be  no  place  where  they  did  not  strike  and  no  spot  from  whence 
they  did  not  come.  Officers  and  men  alike,  keeping  their 
alignment,  crawled  to  places  of  apparent  cover.  Some  got  be- 
hind the  few  large  boulders,  others  took  advantage  of  depressions 
in   the   ground. 

So  thick  did  the  missiles  fly  that  in  a  few  moments  nearly 
all  of  the  inverted  muskets  were  knocked  down  or  shot  off; 
pieces  of  shell  were  plainly  visible  as  they  hissed  by;  limber 
boxes  and  caissons  were  hit  and  blew  up  with  stunning  reports; 
the  battery  horses  were  nearly  all  shot  down. 

Men,  lying'flat  behind  large  boulders,  were  struck.  A  shot 
would  come  over  and  strike  a  man  in  the  back.  Men  were  con- 
stantly seen  hobbling  off,  with  blood  streaming  from  their 
wounds.  During  all  this  time,  not  a  musket  had  been  fired  at 
the  enemy. 

About  this  time  a  company  of  the  First  Minnesota  regiment 
came  up  from  Gen.  Meade's  headquarters,  where  it  had  been 
on   duty 

When  this  company  reached  the  left  of  the  position  of  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  its  captain  said:  "Here's  the  Nine- 
teenth boys,  now  we  are  all  right.  Fall  right  in  here," — and 
once  again  the  boys  of  Minnesota  and  Massachusetts  stood 
shoulder  to  shoulder,  as  at  Antietam. 

After  an  hour  and  forty  minutes  of  continuous  firing,  the 
cannonade  ceased  almost  as  suddenly  as  it  had  begun,  and  the 
men  stood  and  "shook  themselves"  until  the  lines  were  re- 
formed. The  dense  clouds  of  smoke  obscured  the  field  in  front- 
They  settled  and  rolled  along,  and,  meanwhile,  fresh  guns  were 
hurried   to    the   crest. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

pickett's  charge. 

The  infantry  is  moved  up  nearer  to  the  edge  of  the  Ridge. 
A  blast  of  air  lifts  the  smoke.  "Here  they  come!  Here  they 
come!     Here    comes   the   infantry,"    is   heard   on   every   side- 

Pickett's  splendid  division  moves  out  to  cross  the  interval 
between  the  two  low-lying  ridges  occupied  by  the  opposing 
armies,  on  that  magnificent  charge  which  has  extorted  the 
admiration,  unqualified,  of  their  foes  and  which  won  the  position 
aimed  for  but  could  not  hold  it. 

After  Pickett's  division  crosses  the  Emmetsburg  Road  and 
comes  sweeping  up  the  slope,  they  still  bear  everything  before 
them,  as  if  carried  forward  by  an  all-ruling  fate.  Their  right  flank 
just  touches  the  Cordora  house.  The  left,  a  hundred  and  fifty 
rods  away,  is  slightly  in  advance.  Three  lines  of  battle  are  mov- 
ing up 

As  they  cross  the  road  only  800  yards  away,  huge  gaps  be- 
gin to  show  in  their  lines  as  a  result  of  the  effective  fire  of  the 
Union  artillery,  but  they  are  quickly  closed  up  in  magnificent 
style,  and  the  line  still  advances.  At  300  yards  canister  takes 
the  place  of  shell  and  their  men  fall  like  leaves  in  the  Autumn 
gale,  but  the  great  mass  silently,  swiftly  moves  forward. 

They  are  approaching  the  "little  oak  grove"  in  front  of 
which,  behind  a  stone-wall,  lies  Webb's  brigade  of  Pennsylva- 
nians. 

The  advancing  columns  close  in  on  the  infantry.  With 
.  a  yell  they  rush  forward.  A  sheet  of  flame  welcomes  them  and 
in  its  warm  grasp  their  line  melts  like  ice.  Being  obliged  to 
cross  a  fence  oblique  to  their  line  of  advance,  the  rebels  are 
crowded  and  closed  in  mass  in  the  endeavor  to  regain  their 
formation. 

It  is  seen  that  Webb  cannot  firmly  hold  his  men  against 
the  shock  of  that  fierce  charge,  although  he  throws  himself,  with 
reckless  courage,  in  front  of  them  to  face  the  storm  and  beg, 
(238) 


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pickett's  charge.  239 

threaten  and  command.  They  are  obliged  to  fall  back  upon 
the  second  line. 

Hall's  right,  overlapped,  has  to  sag  back,  swaying  to  the 
rear  because  of  the  pressure,  but  swaying  forward  again  as  the 
ocean  surges  against  a  rock.  Regimental  organization  is  lost, 
ranks  are  eight  or  ten  deep, — pushing  struggling,  refusing  to 
yield,  but  almost  impotent  for  good. 

A  gap  opens  between  Webb  and  Hall  for  a  brief  instant, 
at  the  time  when  there  was  a  sudden  lull  in  the  firing  of  the 
cannon.  Woodruff,  Brown,  Cushing,  Rorty  and  every  other 
commissioned  officer,  almost  without  exception,  of  their  respec- 
tive batteries  is  dead  or  disabled.  Gen.  Gibbon,  commanding 
the  division  is  also  wounded.  Gallant  Alex.  Hayes,  stripped 
to  his  shirt,  is  yelling  down  his  line  and  a  regiment  of  Ewell's 
corps,  entangled  with  his  force,  passes  captive  to  the  rear. 

"Mallon!  We  must  move!"  shouts  Col.  Devereux  to 
his  friend,  the  commander  of  the  Forty-Second  New  York. 
Just  then  a  headlong  rush  of  horses'  feet,  spurred  to  the  utmost, 
comes  up  the  hollow  from  behind,  from  the  direction  of  Balti- 
more Pike.  There,  looking  the  very  embodiment  of  the  God 
of  War  rides  ' '  Hancock  the  Superb. ' '  He  nearly  tramples  upon 
the  men  of  the  Nineteenth.  His  horse  is  thrown  upon  his 
haunches  and  just  then  Col.  Devereux  cries  out  to  him: — "See! 
Their  colors !  The v  have  broken  through !   Shall  I  get  in  there  ?"  * 

Shouting  in  a  characteristic  manner — "Now,  men,  forward  1 
Xow's  your  chance.'  Get  up  and  go  at  them!"— Gen.  Hancock 
shoots  like  an  arrow  past  the  men,  and  a  moment  afterward 
receives  a  wound  which  sweeps  him  from  the  saddle  and  nearly 
costs  him  his  life. 

♦From  General  Hancock's  Official  Report: 

"The  fight  here  became  very  close  and  deadly  The  enemy's  battle- 
flags  were  soon  seen  waving  on  the  stone  wall.  Passing  at  this  time,  Colonel 
Dcvenux  commanding  the  19th  Massachusetts  volunteers,  anxious  to  be 
in  the  right  place,  applied  to  me  for  permission  to  move  his  regiment  to 
right  and  to  the  front,  where  the  line  had  broken.  I  granted  it.  and  his 
regiment,  and  Colonel  Mallon 's  42d  New  York  volunteers,  on  his  right, 
proceeded  there  at  once." 


240  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Brave  Hunt  gallops  furiously  past  the  front  of  Webb's  Brigade 
toward  the  clump  of  trees,  intent  upon  recovering  the  abandoned 
guns.  Just  at  the  line  his  horse  falls  dead  wid  Hunt  bounds 
to  his  feet,  firing  his  pistols  in  the  very  faces  of  the  yelling  foe. 

Meanwhile,  Col.  Mallon  has  sprung  forward  to  his  men  and 
instantly  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and  the  Forty-Second 
New  York  are  moving  side  by  side  at  a  run. 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  trained  from  its  inception 
in  a  discipline  as  stern  as  that  of  Cromwell's  "Ironsides,"  is 
material  upon  which  reliance  in  such  an  emergency  can  be  placed. 
With  it  is  the  Forty-Second  New  York  which  has  served  by 
its  side  in  the  same  brigade,  in  the  camp,  on  the  march  and 
on  the  battle  field  from  Ball's  Bluff  to  the  present  moment. 

Like  a  bolt  of  flame  the  little  line  is  launched  upon  the 
enemy  on  the  south  side  of  the  "Clump  of  Trees."  The  first  line 
is  struck  and  broken  through.  The  heroic  regiment  pauses  an 
instant  to  gather  breath  and  then,  with  a  furious  bound,  goes  on 
to  the  second  line.  As  the  men  break  through  the  first  line,  Maj. 
Rice  is  in  front.  With  a  cry  "Follow  me, boys!"  he  dashes  for- 
ward and  is  the  first  man  to  come  into  contact  with  the  second 
line.  He  is  severely  wounded  through  the  thigh  and  falls  inside 
the    enemy's    lines. 

The  two  lines  come  together  with  a  shock  which  stops  them 
both  and  causes  a  slight  rebound.  For  several  minutes  they 
face  and  fired  into  each  other  at  a  distance  of  fifteen  paces,  (as 
measured  after  the  battle).  Everything  seems  trembling  in  the 
balance.  The  side  that  can  get  in  forward  motion  first  will 
surely   win. 

The  men  in  blue  are  jammed  in,  five  and  six  deep.  Some- 
times there  are  groups  which  are  even  deeper  and  every  time  a 
man  stoops  to  load,  others  crowd  in  ahead  of  him  so  that  he  will 
have  to  elbow  his  way  through  in  order  to  get  another  chance  to 
fire. 

All  can  not  be  in  the  front  rank,  and  the  men  in  the  rear 
are  dodging  around,  firing  through  openings  made-by  the  chang- 
ing crowd,  no  matter  how  small.  There  is  little  doubt  that 
many  are  wounded  in  this  manner,  because  of  the  rapid  changes 
being  made  as  the  entire  mass  forges  ahead.     Muskets  are  ex- 


pickett's  charge.  241 

ploding  all  around,  flashing  their  fire  almost  in  one's  face  and  so 
close  to  the  head  as  to  make  the  ears  ring — and  so  the  battle 
rages. 

A  battery  had  followed  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and 
Forty-Second  New  York,  and,  in  an  instant  more,  from  rear, 
right  and  left,  at  pistol  range, these  guns  poured  in  an  iron  shower. 
Webb's  brigade  came  charging  down.  The  remainder  of 
Hall's  brigade  rushed  down  upon  the  left.  It  cleared  its  front. 
Downward  to  the  wall  they  forced  the  rebels  back  and  for 
another  twenty  minutes,  with  ball  and  steel  and  rifles  clubbed 
hand  to  hand,  they  plied  the  awful  work. 

A  rebel  color  bearer  came  out  between  the  trees  in  front  of 
Webb  and  placed  his  battle  flag  upon  one  of  Cushing's  guns, — 
and  fell  dead  beside  it.  Another  ran  out  to  get  it,  but  before 
reaching  the  gun  he  too  fell  dead.  Then  several  men  rushed 
out  together.  They  all  fell  about  the  piece  and  the  rebel  flag 
still  waved  on  the  Union  cannon.  Subsequently  two  more  flags 
were  placed  upon  the  gun,  all  of  which  were  captured,  one  of 
them  by  Corporal  Joseph  DeCastro,  of  the  Nineteenth  Mass- 
achusetts, who  had  become  separated  from  his  command  and 
had  joined  the  72nd  Pennsylvania  regiment  in  the  tumult.  He 
turned,  broke  through  the  line,  and  thrust  the  captured  flag  into 
hands  of  Col.  Devereux.  "He  never  said  a  word  and  darted 
back"  said  Col.  Devereux  in  his  official  report  later. 

Corporal  DeCastro  received  a  testimonial  of  his  gallantry 
on  the  spot,  as  follows: 


Headquarters  19th  Regiment,  Mass.  Vols., 

Gettysiu'hc,  Pa.,  July  4,  1863. 
This  will  certify  that  Corporal  Joseph  DeCastro,  Co.  I,  19th  regt.  Mass 
Vols,  in  tho  attack  of  Pickett's  division  on  Gibbon's  Division,  Second 
Corps,  IT.  S  Army,  on  July  3rd,  1S03,  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  did  capture  the 
colors  of  the  tltli  regiment  Va.  Infant rv,  C.  S.  A.,  inscribed  with  their 
name  and  number,  and  did  place  same  in  mv  hands  during  the  actual  con- 
flict. 

(Signed)  A.  F   Devereux, 

19th  h'njt.  Mass.  Vols. 
A  true  copy 

\V   A.  Hill   Adjt.,  19th  Regt.  Mass.  Vols. 


242  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Corp.  DeCastro's  further  reward  was  one  of  the  four  special 
medals  struck  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War  for  extraordinary 
gallant  conduct. 

A  private  of  Co.  F,  captured  a  rebel  color  and  staff,  and 
passed  it  to  Major  Rice,  who  being  wounded,  was  passing  to  the 
rear.  Major  Rice  used  the  staff  as  a  cane  and  on  arriving  at 
the  Field  Hospital  gave  it  into  the  hands  of  General  Hancock, 
who  was  lying  in  an  ambulance  at  the  hospital. 

Although  organizations  were  more  or  less  broken  up  and 
confusion  reigned  everywhere,  most  of  the  men  of  the  Nineteenth 
gathered  about  its  colors,  thus,  in  a  measure,  holding  its  identity. 
Col.  Mallon  and  the  Forty-Second  New  York  had  by  this  time 
wrapped  around  the  right  of  the  grove  a  little.  The  opposing 
lines  were  standing  as  if  rooted,  dealing  death  into  each  other. 
There  they  stood  and  would  not  move. 

Foot  to  foot,  body  to  body  and  man  to  man  they  struggled, 
pushed,  and  strived  and  killed.  Each  had  rather  die  than  yield. 
The  mass  of  wounded  and  heaps  of  dead  entangled  the  feet  of 
the  contestants,  and,  underneath  the  trampling  mass,  wounded 
men  who  could  no  longer  stand,  struggled,  fought,  shouted  and 
killed — hatless,  coatless,  drowned  in  sweat,  black  with  powder, 
red  with  blood,  stifling  in  the  horrid  heat,  parched  with  smoke 
and  blind  with  dust,  with  fiendish  yells  and  strange  oaths  they 
blindly  plied  the  work  of  slaughter. 

Remember  you  who  hold  dear  the  glory  of  ambitious  wars> 
that  on  every  field  where  glory  has  been  won  or  lost  there  has 
been  a  scene  like  this! 

The  gallant  Vermont  brigade  closed  in  upon  the  right 
flank  of  the  great  column  in  front.  Woodruff  advanced  his 
battery  far  out  upon  the  plain  in  front  of  Howard's  corps  and 
opened  fire  upon  their  left  rear.  Hancock  had  fallen,  Hayes 
and  Gibbon  both  were  wounded. 

Brave  Webb  called  out  to  "Charge!"  Suddenly  in  the 
midst  of  the  awful  carnage,  the  National  color  of  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  was  seen  to  fall,  but  it  was  instantly  raised  in  the 
hands  of  Lieut.  Moses  Shackley,  of  Co.  B.  Lieut.  Herman 
Donath,  with  the  other  color,  fell  dead  and  then  Shackley  was 


pickett's  charge.  243 

wounded.  "Ben"  Jellison  of  Co.  C,  instantly  grabbed  both 
colors  and  planted  them  within  three  yards  of  the  enemy's  front. 
Inspired  by  that  brave  deed,  the  men  sprang  forward  like  a 
thunderbolt  and  followed  their  colors.  A  strange  resistless 
impulse  seemed  to  seize  the  whole  Union  line.  It  seemed  actu- 
ally to  leap  forward  at  every  point.  The  enemy  stood  their 
ground  and  for  a  moment  the  scene  of  blood  was  all  renewed. 

There  was  at  once  an  indescribable  rush  of  thick-hurrying 
scenes.  The  Nineteenth  held  the  blunted  apex  of  the  re-enter- 
ing angle  which  was  the  appearance  made  by  the  Union  lines. 
A  yell,  a  shout, — and  the  line  of  the  regiment  seemed  to  open 
as  if  by  magic.  It  was  not  a  flight,  however, — a  flood  of  un- 
armed, defenseless  men  had  poured  through— they  were  the 
remnant  of  Pickett's  gallant  men  who  had  abandoned  that 
nearly  invincible  charge. 

And  then  the  victors  cheered  and  the  cheering  rang  down 
the  line.  Sixth,  Fifth,  Third,  Eleventh  united  with  the  Second 
Corps  and  rent  the  air  with  such  cheers  as  are  seldom  heard. 
The  mighty  shout  swelled  and  rang  and  died  away,  swelled  and 
pealed  again  until  even  the  distant  Twelfth  Corps  united  its 
voice  in  that  mighty  hymn  of  joy,  and  well  it  may,  for  the  honor 
and  the  fate  of  a  great  nation  had  hung  dependant  upon  that 
hour.  The  Republic  was  the  stake  for  which  they  had  played 
amid  that  "Clump  of  Trees,"  through  which  were  scattered  the 
dead  and  wounded  of  the  old  Nineteenth  Massachusetts. 

Had  the  Union  troops  lost  the  mighty  game,  Bunker  Hill 
and  Saratoga  had  been  fought,  Washington  and  Greene  had 
lived  in  vain,  but  now  the  Great  Republic  shall  ever  be  free. 
Not  a  star  or  a  stripe  shall  be  torn  from  the  bright  emblem  of 
her  power. 

Aye,  more,  the  Boys  in  Blue  had  this  day  sealed  in  blood 
the  Magna  Charter  of  the  bondman  race.  Gettysburg,  trans- 
lated, reads  "A  NATION  SAVED." 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

AFTEK   THE    BATTLE. 

Hundreds  of  the  enemy  fired  their  last  round,  dropped 
their  muskets  and  surrendered  themselves  as  prisoners  of  war 
rather  than  run  the  chance  of  getting  safely  back  to  their 
lines  under  the  fire  of  the  Union  guns  over  the  1580  yards  of 
open  plain. 

Most  of  the  remaining  men  of  the  regiment  pushed  ahead, 
directly  through  the  grove  and  over  the  fence  into  the  field  be- 
yond. This  was  covered  by  dead  and  wounded  rebels,  and  the 
men  were  here  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery  which 
opened  as  soon  as  their  infantry  retired.  A  few  of  the  men  got 
behind  some  large  rocks  in  an  angle  of  the  stone  wall  and  fired 
on  the  retreating  rebels  as  long  as  they  remained  in  view. 

A  number  of  the  rebel  prisoners  were  quite  communica- 
tive. One  had  been  shot  through  the  fleshy  part  of  the  leg,  below 
the  knee  and  was  wondering  how  he  could  get  to  the  re,ar.  He 
was  told  to  take  two  muskets  for  crutches,  as  there  were  plenty 
lying  about.  He  was  afraid  that  some  of  the  men  would  take 
them  away  from  him,  but  someone  got  him  a  couple  and  he 
hobbled  away.  One  prisoner  declared  that  Gen.  Lee  had  said 
that  a  fly  could  not  live  under  the  shelling  of  his  artillery  and 
that  most  of  the  Union  troops  there  were  Pennsylvania  militia, 
and,  as  evidence  of  this,  called  the  attention  of  his  men  to  the 
large  number  of  new  colors  in  the  Union  line.  (The  fact  is  that 
many  regiments  had  received  new  sets  of  colors  during  the 
spring.  The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  had  a  new  set.)  "But," 
said  the  soldier,  "when  I  got  up  to  the  stone  wall  and  saw  that 
damned  white  club  (pointing  to  the  trefoil  on  the  cap  of  one  of  the 
men),  I  knew  that  the  whole  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  here  and 
I  just  dropped  my  gun  and  gave  up." 

The  brave  old  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  which  entered 
(244) 


AFTER    THE    BATTLE.  245 

the  fight  numbering  141  and  now  mustered  but  39  dirty,  bloody, 
panting  heroes,  was  re-formed  at  the  north  of  the  grove,  near 
the  Shippenburg  Pike  and  marched  back  to  the  crest  of  the 
Ridge  to  its  place  in  the  line,  amid  a  storm  of  cheers  from  those 
who  had  shared  with  it  the  indescribable  perils  of  that  last  hour. 

A  detail  was  told  off  for  picket  duty  and  these  were  marched 
out  to  the  front  and  posted  along  Plum  Run,  the  right  being 
near  the  Emmetsburg  road,  south  of  the  Cordora  house,  and 
the  left  was  opposite  the  right  of  the  Third  Corps.  Twelve 
men  from  the  regiment  were  detailed  to  man  Hazard's  Rhode 
Island  battery  and  a  squad  to  act  as  provost  guard,  collecting 
stragglers,  etc.  The  balance  of  the  regiment  bivouacked  for 
the  night. 

Ah!     How  sad  were  the  hearts  of  the  survivors  that  night! 

In  front  and  to  the  left  of  the  line  were  thousands  of  wounded 
men  who  were  groaning  and  crying  for  help  during  the  night. 
Those  inside  the  lines  were  cared  for,  but  those  lying  between 
the  lines  were  left  to  suffer,  because  neither  side  dared  to  go  to 
their  assistance.  During  the  night  a  heavy  rain  began  to  fall 
(as  is  usual  after  great  battles)  and  by  morning  it  was  falling  in 
torrents,  continuing  with  diminishing  force  throughout  the  day 
and  the  following  night.  Everybody  and  everything  was 
drenched. 

In  the  afternoon  skirmishers  came  out,  passed  the  pickets 
and  advanced  to  the  road.  Then  the  pickets  were  withdrawn. 
Rations  had  been  issued  and  there  was  an  abundance  of  food, — 
it  having  been  issued  for  the  number  of  troops  who  were  on 
duty  before  the  battle.  As  a  consequence  a  great  deal  of  fresh 
beef  was  thrown  away. 

The  officers  were  engaged  in  completing  the  count  of  losses. 
The  Third  Brigade  had  lost  nearly  1,000  men  and  could  now 
bring  into  line  but  300.  The  Second  Division  of  the  Second 
Corps  could  report  but  1037  It  had  reported  3730  the 
previous  day  at  noon.  Of  those  who  remained  there  were  but 
few  who  had  not  received  some  injury 

In  speaking  of  the  position  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachu- 
setts and  the  Forty-Second  regiments  during  this  great  fight, 
Col.  Devereux  has  since  said:  "I  have  alwavs  felt  a  reverential 


246  THE    NINETEETNH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

awe  of  the  responsibility  resting  on  these  two  regiments  during 
that  conflict.  They  were  advanced  before  I  could  anticipate 
what  use  could  be  made  of  them  and  halted  just  at  the  spot,  as 
it  proved,  where  they  could  hurl,  with  full  effect,  right  against 
the  front  of  Pickett's  column  which  had  actually  pierced  our 
lines  and  gained  its  objective  point.  They  were  the  only  troops 
in  prompt  striking  distance.  They  were  under  full  command 
and  perfect  order,  sent  forward  to  the  performance  of  a  specific 
purpose.  Their  arrival  steadied  Hall's  and  Harrow's  swaying 
line;  enabled  Webb  to  rally  his  command  once  more;  made 
effective  Stannard's  throwing  out  perpendicularly  to  the  line, 
on  the  left,  and  Hayes'  rush  from  the  right;  formed  a  cul-de-sac, 
and  held  the  enemy  in  the  jaws  of  a  vise  whose  resistless  pressure 
must  inevitably  crush.  If  they  had  not  been  just  there,  who 
will  say  what  might  have  happened?" 

\h  P  The  four  rebel  colors  taken  were  all  captured  during  the 
hand  to  hand  fighting.  Corporal  Joseph  H.  DeCastro,  of  Co.  I, 
and  Private  John  Robinson,  Co.  I,  Sergt.  Benjamin  H.  Jellison, 
Co.  C,  and  Private  Benjamin  Falls,  of  Co.  A,  each  got  one. 

Benjamin  Falls  captured  his  flag  at  the  stone  wall,  taking 
it  from  the  rebel  color  bearer's  hands.  When  he  reached  the 
wall,  he  saw  the  flag  flying  above  it,  and,  supposing  it  to  have 
been  left  there,  he  took  hold  of  it,  but  it  could  not  be  moved. 
Looking  over  the  wall,  he  saw  that  a  rebel  soldier  still  had  hold 
of  it.  Falls  raised  his  musket  on  which  was  the  bayonet,  and, 
holding  it  like  a  spear  over  the  Johnnie,  said  "Hut,  Tut!  Let 
alone  of  that  or  I'll  run  ye  through."  He  captured  the  flag 
and  the  "Johnnie  too." 

The  flag  of  the  Fourteenth  Virginia  regiment  was  captured 
by  Sergt.  Benjamin  H.  Jellison,  of  Co.  C,  and,  in  addition,  he 
succeeded  in  capturing  a  squad  of  prisoners,  bringing  them  in 
with  the  captured  flag.  This  flag  was  handed  to  Second  Lieut. 
Joseph  Snelling.  "'f  '    :-'[>- 

After  the  charge  had  been  repulsed,  Gen.  Alexander  Hayes 
was  seen,  riding  up  and  down,  waving  a  captured  flag.  It  was 
claimed  by  one  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  that  he  had 
captured  it  and  that  the  general  forgot  to  return  it  after  borrow- 
ing it. 


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AFTER    THE    BATTLE.  247 

Following  is  the  official  receipt,  received  by  Col.  Devereux, 
for  the  captured  colors  at  Gettysburg,  the  original  of  which 
is  on  file  at  the  State  House,  Boston,  Mass. 


Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  4th,  1863. 
Received  of  Col.  A.  F.  Devereux, 
Battle  flags  of  the 
57th  Va.  Infy. 
53rd  Va.  Infy. 
14th  Va.  Infy. 
and  one  with  the  number  of  the  regiment  torn  out,  supposed  to  be 
the  19th  Va.  Infy.,  all  captured  by  the  19th  Mass.  Vols,  in  battle,  July  3rd 
1863. 
Xorman  J.  Hall, 

Col.  Com'd'g  Brigade. 


During  this  engagement  First  Lieutenant  Herman  Donath, 
of  Roxbury,  a  very  valuable  and  promisi  ngyoung  officer,  was 
instantly  killed  and  the  following  officers  wounded:  Lieut.  Col. 
Ansel  D.  Wass;  Maj.  Edmund  Rice,  Capt.  Wm.  L.  Palmer, 
Capt.  James  G.  C.  Dodge,  First  Lieut.  David  T.  Chubbuck, 
Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris  and  Second  Lieut.  Joseph  W 
Snellen. 

The  total  loss  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment  in 
the  battles  of  Gettysburg  was  —  officers,  killed,  2;  wounded,  9; 
enlisted  men,  killed  7;  wounded  51;  missing,  8  (about  50%). 
The  regiment  went  into  action  with  141  men  and  the  due  pro- 
portion of  officers, —  160  all  told. 

Casualties — Gettysburg,  July  2-3,  1863. 
killed: 

Co.  A.       Second  Lieutenant  Sherman  S.  Robinson. 

Sergeant  Gorham  Coffin. 
Co.  B.  Private  Patrick  Scannell. 
Co.   C.       First  Lieutenant  Herman  Donath. 

Sergeant  Joseph  H.  Hervey. 


248  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT 

Co.  D.       Private  Daniel  Holland. 
Co.  E.       Private  Thomas  Doyle. 
Private  Edward  Roche. 
Co.  I.        Corporal  Thomas  W-  Tuttle. 

wounded: 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Ansel  D.  Wass. 

Major  Edmund  Rice. 
Co.  A.       Corporal  Charles  L.  Noyes. 

Private  William  Edwards. 

Private  Michael  Scannell. 

Private  Duncan  Sherwood. 
Co.  B.       Private  Andrew  Goodwin. 

Private  Charles  H.  Preston. 
Co.  C.       Captain  Wm.  L.  Palmer. 

Second  Lieutenant  Joseph  W  Snellen. 

Sergeant  Stephen  Armitage. 

Private  John  H.  Steele. 

Private  John  F.  Fowler. 

Private  George  H.  Breed. 

Private  Albert  Rogers. 
Co.  D.       First  Lieutenant  David  T.  Chubbuck. 

Sergeant  John  L.  Hoyt  (Died  July  5.) 

Private  Patrick  Fitzgerald. 

Private  Patrick  Ford. 

Private  William  P   R.  Estes. 
Co,  E.       Sergeant  Terrence  Gormley. 

Sergeant  Cornelius  Russell. 
■  ■I  Private  Daniel  Corrigan. 

Private  James  Corrigan. 
Co.  F.       First  Lieutenant  William  Stone. 

Second  Lieutenant  John  J.  Ferris. 

Corporal  Hugh  McPartland. 
Private  Charles  E.  Marston. 

Private  Johnson  Achason. 

Private  William  Gibbons. 
Co.  G.      Sergeant  William  H.  Tibbetts. 
Corporal  George  E.  Morse. 


AFTER   THE    BATTLE.  249 


Private  Thomas  Kelley. 

Private  John  Mann. 

Private  D.  F.  McNeal. 
Co.  H.       Captain  J.  G.  C.  Dodge. 

Corporal  William  Ellery. 

Private  John  W    Anderson. 

Private  Benjamin  H.  Aikins. 

Private  William  H.  Bailey. 

Private  Jeremiah  Y    Wells. 

Private  Charles  A.  Brown. 

Private  William  A.  Bartlett. 
Co.  I.        First  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams. 

Sergeant  Albert  Damon. 

Sergeant  William  H.  Hoyt. 

Private  Michael  O'Brien. 

Private  James  A.  Coombs. 

Private  George  B.  Ham. 

Private  Michael  Connolly. 
Co    K.       First  Sergeant  William  A.  McGinnis. 

Sergeant  John  W    Hayes. 

Sergeant  Patrick  Nolan. 

Corporal  Joseph  Libby. 

Corporal  Samuel  E.  Viall. 

Private  Patrick  W   Harvey. 

Private  Exor  Oliver. 

Private  Charles  A.  Xewhall. 

Private  Charles  B.  Newhall. 

Private  Thomas  J.  Salisbury. 

missincj: 
Co.   C.       Private  William  E.  Northend. 
Private  Henrv  Hines. 
Private  Charles  McCarthy. 
Corporal  Charles  A.  Johnson. 
Private  John  Doherty. 
Private  D.  F    Reardon. 
Sergeant  Charles  A.  Rowe. 
Private  A.  .1.  Norwood. 


Co. 

D 

Co. 

E 

Co. 

I. 

Co. 

K 

250  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

RECAPITULATION : 

Officers  killed  2 

Officers  wounded  9 

Men  killed  7 

Men  wounded  51 
Men  missing  8    ^       Total  77 

Lieut.  Donath  was  killed  by  a  buckshot  which  entered  his 
heart.  When  found,  there  was  no  blood  upon  his  person,  but 
when  his  clothing  was  opened,  a  little  round  hole  was  discovered 
in  his  side,  showing  what  had  caused  his  death.  He  was  quite 
boyish  looking  and  in  the  short  time  he  had  been  with  the  com- 
pany had  won  its  love  and  respect. 

Joseph  H.  Hervey,  of  Co.  C,  was  a  Georgetown  boy,  popu- 
lar in  the  company  and  a  model  soldier,  His  body  was  found, 
after  the  battle,  in  the  "Clump  of  Trees"  where  the  battle  had 
raged  the  fiercest.     It  was  terribly  mangled  by  a  solid  shot. 

Sergt.  McGinnis,  of  Co.  K,  received  his  wound  just  as  the 
ine  of  Pickett's  men  broke,  under  the  terrible  fire  trained  upon 
them.  McGinnis  could  not  restrain  his  enthusiasm  at  the 
spectacle,  and,  jumping  to  the  top  of  a  little  ridge  in  front  of 
his  company,  he  waved  his  arms  and  shouted:  "They've  broke, 
boys!  They're  running  !  There  they  go!  See 'em  run!"  As 
he  cried  out  in  his  excitement,  a  rebel  bullet  found  lodgment  in 
the  back  of  his  neck  and  he  dropped. 

In  an  official  report,  made  in  1878,  Col.  Devereux  says: 

Gen.  E.  D.  Townsend,  Adjutant  Genebal,  Army  U.  S. 

Sir:— 

In  obedience  to  your  request,  dated  April  24,  1878,  asking  for  a  report 
of  the  operations  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers  in  the  Gettys- 
burg Campaign,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following,  as  being  an 
authentic  report.  While  it  may  not  be  the  original,  verbatim,  it  is  made 
from  notes  taken  on  the  field  during  said  campaign,  and  is  substantially 
correct : 

The  Second  Corps,  of  which  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  formed  a 
part,  left  Falmouth,  on  the  Rappahannock,  several  days  after  the  main 
body  of  the  army,  acting  as  its  rear  guard,  struck  across  Manassas  Plains 
to  Thoroughfare  Gap,  where  it  laid  three  days;  then  followed  up  the  East 
side  of  the  Blue  Ridge  to  Edward's  Ferry,  Md.,  crossing  after  nightfall 


AFTER    THE    BATTLE.  251 

and  then  camping.  During  the  march  from  Falmouth  to  Edward's  Ferry 
there  was  some  insignificant  skirmishing  with  cavalry,  mounted  troops  and 
light  batteries,  but  nothing  of  serious  moment.  Leaving  Edward's  Ferry 
early  in  the  morning,  after  its  arrival  there,  the  corps  marched  by  Pooles- 
ville  and  the  Monocacy  to  Frederick  City,  Md.;  thence  through  Liberty  to 
Uniontown,  making  a  forced  march  from  early  dawn  until  9  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  There  had  been  some  cavalry  skirmishing  through  the  town, 
and  further  on,  during  the  day,  but  the  Second  Corps  were  not  engaged- 
On  arriving  at  Uniontown,  I  received  orders  to  take  possession  of  the  town, 
with  the  regiment,  to  preserve  order  there,  picket  the  exits  and  prevent 
the  exhibition  of  any  disloyal  feeling,  especially  if  it  took  the  active  shape 
of  intention  to  give  information  to  the  enemy. 

I  must  here  say,  in  justice  to  the  citizens,  that  they  manifested  a 
spirit  unexpected  and  worthy  of  the  name  of  the  town  —  something  that 
we  had  been  unaccustomed  to  in  our  previous  experience  with  the  popula- 
tion of  Maryland.  It  so  happened  that  our  marching  rations  were  ex- 
hausted, and  our  teams  behind.  The  citizens  gave  my  men  supper  in 
their  houses,  and  breakfast  in  the  morning,  refusing  pay  from  any  enlisted 
man,  and  making  very  moderate  charges  to  the  officers.  This  was  the 
morning  of  July  1st,  1863. 

Early  we  commenced  to  distribute  rations,  but  had  scarcely  begun  when 
sudden  orders  to  move  set  us  on  the  march  and  my  men  had  to  leave  with 
empty  haversacks.  We  marched  all  that  day  until  after  nightfall,  the 
moon  shining  with  extreme  brightness,  and  we  were  placed  in  line  of  battle 
in  rear  of  Round  Top,  where  it  was  understood  we  might  expect  to  meet 
the  enemy — the  First  and  Eleventh  Corps,  under  Reynolds  and  Howard, 
having  met  with  severe  disaster  during  the  day  and  at  and  beyond  Gettys- 
burg. 

During  the  night  the  plan  was  changed,  and  before  daylight  of  a  dark, 
cloudy  morning,  the  Second  Corps  was  on  the  move,  and  halted  only  when 
it  readied  the  low  cemeterv  Ridge,  where  it  relieved  the  badly  broken  First 
Corps,  on  the  left  of  Howard's  line,  thus  occupying  about  the  centre  of  the 
Army,  and  held  this  position  until  the  conclusion  of  what  was  soon  to  be 
the  ever  memorable  battle  of  Gettysburg  in  its  second  and  third  day's  con- 
tinuance. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  July  2nd,  General  Cibbon,  commanding  the 
Second  Division  of  the  Second  Corps,  assumed  command  of  the  corps, 
General  Hancock  being  temporarily  in  chief  command.  General  Harrow, 
commanding  First  Brigade,  came  into  command  of  the  division  by  seniority. 
At  the  joint  request  of  Generals  Gibbon  and  Harrow,  I  left  my  regiment  and 
joined  (leneral  Harrow's  staff  for  the  purpose  of  taking  charge  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  division,  giving  orders  in  General  Harrow's  name.  Nothing  of 
importance  occurred, however.  Later  in  the  day ,  when  General  Gibbon  re- 
sumed his  own  command,  I  returned  to  my  regiment.  Some  time  past  the 
middle  of  the  afternoon  when  General  Sickles, commanding  the  Third  Corps 


252  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

marched  from  his  position  on  the  Ridge,  out  through  the  peach  orchard 
endeavoring  to  occupy  the  high  ground  along  the  Emmetsburg  Pike,  where 
Longstreet  struck  his  left  flank,  I  received  a  hurried  order  to  take  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts, accompanied  by  the  Forty  Second  New  York  (Colonel 
Mallon)  to  support  Humphrey's  Division,  which  held  the  right  of  the  Third 
Corps'  line. 

It  is  right  for  me  to  say  here  that  there  was  a  disputed,  and  as  yet  un- 
settled, right  of  seniority  between  myself  and  Colonel  Mallon,  but  which 
never  interfered  with  our  cordial  personal  relations;  and  it  is  due  to  the 
memory  of  so  good  an  officer,  who  died  gallantly  at  the  head  of  his  brigade, 
shortly  after,  at  Bristow's  Station,  to  state  that  he  frankly  and  cheerfully 
waived  all  claim  on  his  part  and  obeyed  my  orders  without  reserve  the 
balance  of  that  day  and  during  the  next.  My  report,  therefore,  will  in- 
clude the  operations  of  both  regiments  from  here  on. 

Some  portions  of  the  division  to  our  left  had  preceded  us.  On  reaching 
the  little  swale,  lined  with  willows,  we  met  the  First  Minnesota  beaten  back 
and  badly  handled  by  the  enemy,  but  making  a  desperate  effort  to  maintain 
their  ground ;  their  ranks  were  so  badly  cut  that  I  easily  passed  through  with 
my  command,  marching  by  the  flank.  We  were  guided  by  a  young  lieu- 
tenant on  horseback,  all  the  officers  of  my  own  command  being  on  foot, 
orders  having  been  given  some  time  before  to  send  all  horses  to  the  rear. 
Just  as  we  rose  the  further  side  of  the  swale,  everything  was  in  direct  con- 
fusion; our  troops  were  flying  in  great  disorder,  and  apparently  no  organ- 
ization left.  Just  at  this  moment  my  guide  disappeared,  and  where  he  went 
and  what  became  of  him,  I  have  never  yet  learned. 

I  could  find  no  one  to  report  to, and  had  to  trust  to  myown  judgement. 
I  formed  a  line  of  battle,  Mallon  on  my  right,  and  ordered  both  regiments  to 
lie  down,  officers  and  men — except  myself.  The  enemy's  line  of  battle 
followed  closely  in  upon  the  flying  men,  and  their  artillery,  running  up  to 
close  quarters,  used  canister.  It  seemed  to  me  that  I  must  preserve  the 
organization  of  my  command,  keep  it  from  disorder  and  panic,  so  as  to 
use  it  as  a  nucleus  for  re-formation  of  the  old  line. 

I  waited  until  my  front  was  clear  of  all  the  broken  fragments  of  our 
troops, then  directed  Colonel  Mallon  to  make  his  men  stand  up, fire  a  volley 
by  the  rear  and  front  rank  in  succession,  then  to  face  about  and  regain  the 
old  line  on  the  double-quick,  meaning  thereby  the  old  line  of  the  Third 
Corps,  directly  in  our  rear,  then  to  halt,  face  about  again  and  wait  for  me. 
After  Mallon  had  well  left  the  field,  I  ordered  my  men  to  rise  and  fire  a 
volley,  also  by  the  front  and  rear  flank. 

These  successive  volleys  checked,  to  a  considerable  extent,  the  enemy's 
advance  in  our  immediate  front  and  gave  me  opportunity  to  face  my  men 
to  the  rear  and  move  them  toward  the  old  line  at  ordinary  quick  time,  but 
the  enemy  was  so  near  that  I  was  able  to  bring  in  with  me  several  prisoners. 
In  this  connection,  I  wish  to  state  that  I  have  always  felt  that  it  was  due 
to  the  regiment  that  I  commanded  that  special  mention  should  be  made  of 


AFTER    THE   BATTLE.  253 

their  conduct,  under  circumstances  the  most  trying  to  soldiers.  Their 
backs  were  to  the  foe,  the  enemy  was  close  upon  them,  using  canister  upon 
us.  (I  lost  a  large  percentage  of  my  men,  shot  in  the  back.)  I  was  between 
them  and  the  enemy,  directing  their  movements,  and  their  line  never 
wavered  but  once,  when  the  fire  on  my  right  flank  was  too  heavy  for  men 
to  bear.  But  one  single  command  from  my  lips  and  they  moved  as  steadily 
as  before ,  until  we  met  the  front  line  of  the  Fifth  Corps  coming  up  most 
opportunely  to  the  rescue  of  the  situation,  when  we  passed  through,  halted 
and  again  faced  to  the  front  by  the  side  of  Mallon's  Forty-Second  New 
York.  I  consider  no  men  could  have  been  put  to  a  severer  test  of  true 
courage,  thorough  discipline  and  absolute  confidence  in  themselves  and 
their  officers,  and  this  regiment  should  receive  credit  for  it.  I  marched 
them  back  in  this  order,  unable  to  tell  how  Mallon  had  reached  the  old 
ground,  totally  unaware  of  the  arrival  of  the  Fifth  Corps,  and  not  know- 
ing but  that  I  might  find  myself  'with  the  only  organized  force  on  the  field 
at  that  point — believing  it  my  duty  to  sacrifice  all  of  us,  if  necessary,  to 
secure  that  end. 

After  nightfall  the  two  regiments  marched  back  to  the  position  they 
had  left  the  afternoon  previous,  but  finding  the  gap  filled  in  the  front  line, 
took  position  in  the  rear  of  Rorty's  battery,  the  most  convenient  place  for 
use  in  case  of  need. 

During  the  next  forenoon  our  lines  at  that  point  were  notjengaged. 
About  1  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  General  Lee  opened  with  his  artillery, 
which  we  noticed  he  had  been  massing  so  as  to  bring  a  concentric  fire  on 
that  portion  of  our  line.  For  two  hours  the  cannonade  was  incessant,  and 
we  knew,  of  course,  that  it  was  to  be  followed  by  an  infantry  assault.  All 
the  infantry  were  lying  down  and  suffered  comparatively  little  from  the 
enemy's  fire,  but  our  batteries  suffered  severely.  Rorty's  battery,  behind 
which  I  lay,  lost  all  of  its  officers  and  many  men,  and  for  the  last  hour  of 
the  cannonade  I  manned  the  battery  with  men  from  my  own  regiment, 
bringing  ammunition  from  the  caissons  and  furnishing  all  the  help  possible 
from  the  infantry  troops.  After  cessation  of  the  cannonade,  and  with  a 
clump  of  small  oaks  as  the  objective  point,  General  Pickett's  Division, 
as  was  afterward  ascertained,  was  pushed  forward  to  capture  that  point, 
then  held  by  General  Alex.  S.  Webb  and  Colonel  N.  J.  Hall.  Both  were 
forced  back  and  our  line  cut  in  two. 

There  were  no  troops  to  support  the  single  front  line  except  myself. 
Unable  to  do  anything  actively  because  of  our  troops  in  front,  and  re- 
ceiving  no  order,  but  watching  an  opportunity  to  be  of  service,  I  was 
about  to  move  when  General  Hancock  came  riding  up,  as  he  always  did 
when  the  commander's  presence  was  needed,  and  as  he  rushed  past  the 
left  of  our  line  I  halted  him,  and  pointed  out  how  completely  our  line  was 
broken  at  that  point,  and  asked  permission  to  put  my  troops  in  there. 
I  was  told  to  "get  in  quick."  Colonel  Mallon  was  near  me,  and  I 
ordered  him  to  put  his  regiment  in  on  the  double-quick,  and  put  my  own 


254  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

regiment  instantly  in  motion,  and  side  by  side  the  two  regiments  went  up 
and  filled  the  gap.  The  head  of  Pickett's  column  was  just  breaking 
through  the  little  oak  grove.  We  were  just  in  time  to  meet  them,  and 
became  in  this  way  the  only  force  directly  in  their  front. 

Both  lines  were  stopped  and  the  question  was  which  could  make  an 
advance.  The  two  lines  stood  and  fired  into  each  other,  at  a  distance 
(which  I  carefully  measured  after  the  fight)  of  a  little  short  of  fifteen  paces. 
Being  able  to  stop  their  direct  advance,  General  Webb  and  Colonel  Hall 
were  able  to  rally  their  men,  assisted  by  General  Alex.  Hayes  on  the  right, 
Harrow,  Stannard  and  other  troops  from  Newton's  command  on  the  left. 

Our  troops  made  a  rush  forward,  and  it  seemed  as  if  what  remained 
of  the  enemy  almost  multaneously  threw  down  their  arms,  begged  for 
quarter,  and  poured  through  our  ranks,  glad  to  be  taken  prisoners. 

During  the  fight  at  this  point  I  captured  with  my  regiment  alone, 
four  colors,  which  were  handed  to  me  before  the  firing  ceased.  These  were 
the  flags  of  the  Fifty-Seventh,  Fifty-Third,  Fourteenth  and  Nineteenth 
Virginia  regiments. 

One  of  the  standards  was  captured  in  this  way :  the  color  bearer  of  my 
regiment,  carrying  the  Massachusetts  State  Colors,  knocked  down  with 
his  color  staff,  the  color  bearer  in  the  enemy's  line,  and  took  it  from  the 
hands  of  the  enemy's  color  bearer. 

After  the  surrender  of  the  enemy,  our  men  were  in  great  confusion, 
the  various  regiments  so  intermingled  that  it  was  impossible  to  reform  in 
separate  regimental  organizations,  but  as  the  enemy  showed  the  head 
of  a  fresh  column  (Anderson's  division),  it  was  necessary  to  re-form  at 
once  along  our  old  line.  From  the  gap,  directly  in  front  of  this  little  grove, 
between  the  stone  fence  on  the  right  and  the  rail  fence  on  the  left,  I  was 
trusted  with  that  duty  and  placed  the  men  in  line  irrespective  of  their 
regimental  connection,  my  orders  to  that  effect  being  cheerfully  obeyed 
by  officers  and  men. 

In  reference  to  the  capture  of  four  stands  of  colors  by  my  regiment, 
I  believe  it  to  be  true  that  the  colors  of  one  of  the  regiments,  which  were 
handed  by  Gen.  Alex.  S.  Webb  to  one  of  my  men,  who  in  turn  handed 
them  to  me,  were  captured  by  the  Seven ty-Second  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
credit  belongs  to  them. 

After  this  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and  the  Forty-Second  New 
York  came  under  the  direct  command  of  Colonel  N.  J.  Hall,  the  brigade 
commander.  We  again  marched  with  the  Second  Corps  through  Frederick 
City  to  Williamsport  and  Falling  Waters,  where  we  were  the  supporting 
force  to  Kilpatrick's  cavalry  when  he  captured,  at  that  point,  the  enemy's 
battery,  their  rear  guard  in  crossing  the  river,  the  infantry  not  being  en- 
gaged. 

Very  respectfully  submitted, 

A.  F.  Devereux, 
Late  Colonel  19th  Massachusetts  Vol.  Inf. 

Brevet   Brigadier   General. 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 

IN   PURSUIT    OF    LEE. 
IN    CAMP    AT    MORRISVILLE. 

On  the  Fourth  of  July  the  regiment  remained  all  day  in 
line  of  battle,  patiently  waiting  for  a  renewal  of  the  fighting 
but  it  did  not  materialize.  The  night  passed  drearily  enough, 
and  on  the  morning  of  the  fifth  several  details  were  occupied 
in  burying  the  dead. 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  First  Minnesota  and 
Seventh  Michigan  were  sent  out  as  skirmishers.  They  pressed 
forward,  entered  the  rebel  works  on  Seminary  Ridge  and  found 
that  the  "bird"  had  flown.  They  returned  and  reported  this 
fact.  Within  an  hour,  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Corps  were  sent 
away  in  pursuit  of  Lee.  The  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  followed 
in  the  afternoon  and  on  the  morning  of  July  6  the  southward 
march  of  the  Second  Corps  began,  by  way  of  the  Taneytown 
Road. 

As  the  regiment  filed  out  of  the  field  at  Gettysburg  it  was 
halted  and  an  order  from  the  President  was  read,  announcing 
the  fall  of  Yicksburg.  The  news  was  received  with  cheers  and 
the  men  marched  on  with  lighter  hearts,  feeling  that  the  year 
of  1863  promised  some  decisive  results  in  the  prosecution  of 
the  war. 

That  night  was  spent  at  Two  Taverns  and  on  the  7th  march 
was  resumed  to  Taneytown.  Frederick  City  was  reached  on 
the  8th,  Burkittsville  on  the  9th,  and  at  noon  on  the  10th  of 
July  the  regiment  arrived  at  Williamsport,  where,  after  a  few 
hours  rest,  the  men  were  marched  about  two  miles  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Hagerstown,  and  formed  in  line  to  the  right  of  the  road 
to  repel  an  expected  attack  of  the  enemy  It  remained  all  night 
under  arms  and  in  the  morning  moved  across  the  road  toward 

(255) 


256  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Williamsport,  forming  on  the  left  of  the  Division  line,  which, 
during  the  night  had  moved  to  that  point.  Here  it  was  learned 
that  Port  Hudson  was  in  the  hands  of  Banks. 

During  the  day  of  the  12th,  the  men  were  engaged  in  throw- 
ing up  breast  works,  anticipating  an  order  to  attack  the  enemy 
at  the  dawn  of  the  13th,  but  when  the  daylight  came,  Lee  had 
again  escaped. 

Remaining  there  until  daylight  of  the  14th,  the  brigade, 
with  the  First  Division  of  the  Second  Corps,  under  command  of 
Gen.  Caldwell,  and  a  force  of  cavalry,  then  made  a  reconnois- 
sance  to  Falling  Waters.  The  enemy  was  found  entrenched 
in  a  hill  across  the  river  and  a  portion  were  captured  by  cavalry 
alone,  the  infantry  not  being  engaged.  The  Brigade  returned 
to  camp  about  9  P.M.  and  the  enemy  continued  to  move  south- 
ward on  the  west  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  On  the  15th  of  July 
a  march  of  27  miles  was  begun  early  in  the  day  and  at  night  the 
column  encamped  near  Harper's  Ferry.  On  the  16th, it  marched 
to  Pleasant  Valley,  remaining  until  the  morning  of  the  18th 
when  they  crossed  the  Potomac  at  Berlin,  marching  to  Hills- 
boro,  Va.,  and  down  the  East  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  On  the 
19th  the  column  marched  to  Wood  Grove,  and  on  the  20th  to 
Bloomfield,  where  they  rested.  The  21st  saw  them  under  way 
again  at  6  A.M.  and  they  tramped  to  Chester  Gap,  where  the 
regiment  was  the  support  for  the  Third  Corps  in  the  storm  of 
Wapping  Heights.  During  the  long  and  rapid  march,  the  men 
of  the  Second  Corps  had  been  compelled  to  experiment  upon 
the  minimum  amount  of  rations  that  would  keep  together  the 
soul  and  body  of  a  marching  soldier. 

To  appease  that  natural  craving  for  alimentary  supplies, 
which  even  military  discipline  can  but  imperfectly  subdue,  there 
were  many  queer  shifts  resorted  to  by  the  men.  While  seated 
upon  Wapping  Heights,  after  they  had  been  gallantly  carried 
by  the  "Excelsior  Brigade,"  and  while  each  hungry  soldier 
searched  the  haversack  for  some  scraps  of  food  which  might 
miraculously  have  escaped  his  eye  during  numberless  similar 
examinations  of  the  past  few  days,  one  of  the  Nineteenth  Massa" 
chusetts  discovered  a  portion  of  a  very  stale  and  dirty  adaman- 
tine candle      The  poor  fellow  surveyed  the  unsavory  article  and 


IN    PURSUIT    OF    LEE.  257 

the  empty  haversack,  innocent  even  of  a  crumb,  with  a  coun- 
tenance upon  which  appetite  struggled  with  disgust.  With  a 
deep  sigh,  he  placed  the  bag  upon  the  ground  and  for  a  moment 
more  contemplated  that  crushed  and  dirty  candle.  Appetite 
triumphed,  and,  despite  the  exclamations  and  surprise  of  his 
comrades,  he  devoured  the  luscious  ( ?)  morsel.  He  swore  that 
it  tasted  good,  but  even  when  higher  rank  had  brought  renown 
and  increased  respect,  he  did  not  lose  with  "Ours"  the  nick- 
name of  "The  Candle  Eater." 

On  July  22,  the  regiment  moved  to  Oak  Hill  and  on  the 
23rd  to  White  Plains.  Warrenton  Junction  was  reached  on 
the  24th  and  here  it  remained  until  the  29th  and  then  marched 
about  eight  miles.  On  July  30,  MorrisvHle,  near  Kelley's  Ford, 
was  reached,  and  camp  was  pitched  for  a  protracted  stay. 

The  regimental  return,  dated  July  31,  1863,  at  this  point 
reads: 

Col.  A.  F.  Devereux,  on  detached  service,  after  conscripts 
in  [Massachusetts. 

Lieut.  Col.  Ansel  D.  Wass,  absent  in  Massachusetts  on 
surgeon's  certificate,  until  Aug.  5.     Wounded  July  3. 

Adjt.  William  A.  Hill,  on  detached  service  after  conscripts 
in  Massachusetts.  ♦ 

Co.   A.        Capt.  Isaac  H.  Boyd,  on  detached  service,  after  con- 
scripts in  Massachusetts. 
Co.   B.        Capt.    Henry   A.    Hale,   on   detached  service,    Acting 
Asst.    Inspector   General  2nd  Brigade,  2nd  Corps, 
2nd    Division.      Second    Lieut.    Moses   Shackley, 
in  command  Co.  B,  sick. 
Co.    ('         (apt.   William  L.  Palmer,  absent  in  Massachusetts, 
wounded  July  3. 
First   Lieutenant   Thomas   F.    Winthrop,   on    special 
duty,    Acting    Quartermaster, — transferred    from 
Co.  E. 
Co.    1).        (  ;ipt.  Monccna  Dunn, on  detached  service,  A.  A. Q.  M 
reserve  artillery  brigade,  Second  Corps. 
First     Lieutenant    David     T      Chubbuek,    absent    in 
Massachusetts  on    surgeon's  certificate   until  Au<;'. 
K>.      Wounded  Julv  3. 


258  THE    NINETEENTH     MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Second  Lieutenant  William  E.  Barrows,  on'  detached 
service,  A.  A.  D.  C.  Third  Brigade,  Second  Divi- 
sion, Second  Corps. 
Co.  F  Capt.  Edmund  Rice,  formerly  reported  as  Major, 
but  never  having  been  mustered,  is  ordered  to  be 
reported  in  his  former  position.  Wounded  July  3, 
absent  in  Massachusetts.  Report  corrected  and 
mustered  as  Major  in  September,  1863. 

First  Lieut.  William  Stone,  wounded  July  3. 

Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  wounded  July  3. 
Co.   E.        First   Lieut.    John   P    Reynolds,   Jr.,   previously   re- 
ported as  captain,  but  having  never  been  mustered, 
has  been  ordered  reported  in  his  former  position. 
Absent  in  Massachusetts.    Wounded  Sept.  17,  1862. 

Second  Lieut.  Ephraim  Hall,  on  special  duty,  acting 
adjutant. 
Co.  H.        Capt.    J.    G.    C.    Dodge,    absent   in    Massachusetts, 

wounded  July  3rd. 
Co.  I.         Capt.  Jonathan  F  Plympton,  in  command  of  regiment. 

First  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  absent  in  Massachusetts, 
wounded  July  2. 
Co.   K.       First  Lieut.  Lysander  J.  Hume,  on  detached  service, 
in  Provost  Marshal's  department,  Philadelphia. 

Second  Lieut.  Charles  L.  Merrill,  absent  in  General 
Hospital,  Georgetown,  sick. 

Asst.  Surgeon  William  D  Knapp,  absent  on  surgeon's 
certificate  since  July  24. 

Capt.  Andrew  Mahoney,  on  account  of  wounds,  trans- 
ferred to  Invalid  Corps  by  S.  O.  166,  Head- 
quarters Second  Corps,  July  19,  1863. 

Capt.  James  H.  Rice,  discharged  on  account  of 
wounds.  S.  O.  305,  War  Department,  A.G.O., 
July  10,  1863. 

First  Lieut.  Oliver  F.  Briggs,  discharged  S.O.  302, 
War  Dept.  A.  G.  O.,  July  8,  1863. 

First  Lieut.  Herman  Donath,  killed  in  action,  July  3. 

Second  Lieut.  Sherman  S.  Robinson,  killed  in  action 
July  3,  1863. 


IN    PURSUIT    OF    LEE.  259 

Second  Lieut.  Joseph  W   Snellen,  previously  reported 

as  Second  Lieutenant,   commissioned,  but  refused 

mustqr. 
Second  Lieut.  William  F.  Rice,  previously  reported 

as  Second  Lieutenant,  commissioned,   but  refused 

muster. 

present: 
Commissioned  officers,  10 

Enlisted  men,  132  142 

absent: 
Commissioned  officers,  20 

Enlisted  men,  212  232 

PRESENT    AND    ABSENT: 

Commissioned  officers,  30 

Enlisted  men,  344  374 

alterations  since  last  return: 
gain: 


10 


Commissioned 

offi 

cers, 

by  transfer 
by  order 

1 

3 

Enlisted  men, 

by  order 
from  desertion, 

3 

\ggregatc 

j 



L(  iss : 

Commissioned 

offi 

cers, 

resigned  or  disbanded, 
transferred, 
by  order, 
Died  in  action, 

2 
o 

r> 
•> 

Knlisted  men, 

Transferred  by  order, 
Died  in  action  or  wounds, 
Missing  in  action, 
Deserted, 

3 

<) 

f> 

1") 

Aggregate, 
WiMinded  ill  action,  (10 
Recruits  required,       040 


11 


260  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  long  march  of  700  miles  had  been  very  tiresome.  The 
clothing  and  equipments  of  the  Army  demanded  renewal,  the 
many  sick  of  heat  and  fatigue  demanded  restoring  rest,  the 
shattered  commands  needed  reinforcements  before  they  could 
again  face  the  army  of  Lee,  already  reinforced  with  a  sufficient 
number  to  nearly  make  good  his  losses. 

The  men  remained  in  camp  near  Morrisville  through  the 
month  of  August  and  the  work  of  re-organization  and  repair 
went  on. 

The  middle  of  September  found  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
stronger  in  numbers  than  at  Gettysburg  and  nearly  as  well 
equipped.  The  apparent  strength  of  the  reinforcements  needed, 
however,  a  large  deduction  from  the  fact  that  a  great  proportion 
of  them  were  the  product  of  the  draft  or  were  substitutes.  The 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  received  216  substitutes  of  this  class 
on  August  16th.  At  that  time  its  ranks  had  been  swelled  by  the 
returns  from  the  hospital  and  other  sources  to  80  veterans. 
This  lot  of  recruits  that  arrived  in  August  contained  many  good 
and  patriotic  men,  who  deserved  and  won  the  confidence  and 
love  of  their  veteran  comrades. 

While  the  regiment  lay  in  camp  at  Morrisville,  Col.  Dev- 
ereux  being  still  on  detached  service,  it  was  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  J.  F  Plympton.  This  gallant,  but  aged  officer,  had, 
from  the  outbreak  of  the  war  to  this  time,  kept  up  with  the 
youngest  and  most  vigorous  officer  in  the  discharge  of  every 
active  and  laborious  duty  His  health  was  now  fast  breaking 
down,  however,  under  the  hardships  and  labor  so  unsuitable 
to  his  years  and  he  was  soon  compelled,  from  this  cause,  and 
with  great  reluctance,  to  retire  from  the  service. 

Here  also  Lieut.  Charles  L.  Merrill  was  driven,  from  the 
effects  of  his  wound  (received  while  saving  from  capture  the 
colors  of  the  regiment  at  Fredericksburg)  to  retire  from  active 
service  with  the  regiment  and  accept  a  commission  in  the 
Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  in  which  he  remained  until  the  close  of 
the  war. 

Lieut.  William  Stone  also  retired  to  accept  a  commission 
in  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  and  Lieut.  Col.  Ansel  D.  Wass 


IN    PURSUIT    OF    LEE.  261 

returned  to  duty  with  the  regiment  on  August  28,  at  once  assum- 
ing command. 

The  regimental  return  for  August,  1863,  showed  the  follow- 
ing: 

Col.  A.  F  Devereux,  on  detached  service  Long  Island, 
Boston  Harbor,  S.  O.  171,  Headquarters,  2nd  Corps,  July  27, 
1863. 

Lieut.  Col.  Ansell  D  Wass,  returned  to  duty  Aug.  26,  in 
command  of  regiment. 

Major  Edmund  Rice,  absent  in  Massachusetts,  wounded, 
July  3rd. 

Adjt.  William  A.  Hill,  on  detached  service,  Long  Island, 
Boston  Harbor,  S.  O    171,  July  27,  1863. 

Co.   A.       Capt.    Isaac    H.    Boyd,    on    detached    service    Long 
Island,   Boston   Harbor,    S.    O.    171,    2nd    Corps, 
July  27 
Second  Lieut.  Warner  M.  Tilton,  absent  sick,  2nd 
Div.   General  Hospital. 
Co.  B.       Capt.  H.  A.  Hale,  on  detached  service,  A.  A.  Insp. 
Gen.,    1st    Brig.    2nd   Div.,  2nd   Corps,  S.  O.    60, 
March  15,  1863. 
First  Lieut.   Elisha  A.   Hinks,   on   detached  service, 

A.  D.  C.  to  Brig.  Gen.  E.  W    Hinks. 
Second  Lieut.  Moses  Shackley,  in  command  Co.  B. 
Co.   C         Capt.  William  L.   Palmer,  absent  in  Massachusetts, 
wounded  July  3,  S.  C,  extended  to  Sept.  3. 
First  Lieut.  Thomas   V.   Winthrop,  on  special   duty, 
acting  quartermaster. 
Co.   D        ('apt.  Moncena  Dunn,  on  detached  service,  A. A. Q.M. 
artillery  brigade,  2nd  Corps. 
First  Lieut.  David  F.  Chubbuck,  in  command  Co.  I). 
Second    Lieut.    William    E.    Barrows,    on    detached 
service,    A.A.D  C.    3d   Brig.    2nd    Div.  2nd  Corps. 
Co.   E.        First  Lieut.  John  P    Reynolds,  Jr.,  absent  in  Massa- 
_      chusetts,  wounded    at    Antietam,   S.  C.  extends     to 

Auo-.  i>;>,  lsc,;;, 

Second  Lieut.  E.  A.  Hall,  Acting  Adjutant. 


262  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  in  command  Co.  F. 
Co.  G.        Capt.  C.  M.  Merritt,  on  detached  service,  at  General 
Martindale's  headquarters,  Washington. 
First  Lieut.  Dudley  C.  Mumford,  in  command  Co.  G. 
Co.  H.       Second  Lieut.  Charles  S.  Palmer,  in  command  Co.  H. 
Co.   I.         Capt.  Jonathan  F-   Plympton,   performing  duties  of 
field  officer. 
First  Lieut.    J.    G.   B.   Adams,   absent  wounded  in 

Massachusetts. 
First   Lieut.    William   Stone,   transferred   to   Invalid 
Corps,   S.    O.    173,    Headquarters   Second   Corps, 
July  28,  1863. 

gain: 

By  conscripts  from  depot,  163 

loss:  6 

Recruits  required  to  fill  quota,  497 

DIED    AS    RESULT    OF    WOUNDS    RECEIVED    IN    ACTION: 

Co.  B.       Private  William  H.  Bean,  Antietam. 

Co.   E.        Corporal  Charles  A.  Johnson,  in  Gen.  Hospital,  West 

Philadelphia,  Aug.  21    1863. 
Co.   H.       Private  Thomas  Bridges,  Antietam. 

Corporal  Benjamin  H.  Atkins,  Jr.,  Gettysburg,  July  3- 
Private  Jeremiah  Y  Wells,    Gettysburg,  July  14. 
Co.  I.         Private  George  P   Ham,  in  McDougal  Hospital,  For* 
Schuyler,  August  21,  1863. 

On  August  31,  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment 
formed  the  advance  of  a  reconnoissance  by  the  Second  Corps  to 
near  Falmouth,  relieving  the  cavalry  at  that  point  that  they  might 
be  enabled  to  capture  the  gunboats  Reliance  and  Satellite,  then  in 
the  Rappahannock  near  its  mouth.  The  regiment  was  absent 
on  this  duty  for  three  days  and  then  returned  to  its  camp  at  Mor- 
risville,  where  many  of  its  members  rejoined  it,  having  returned 
from  hospitals  and  detached  service. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

THE    ADVANCE    TO    CULPEPPER    AND    BEALTON. 

The  Nineteenth  regiment  left  Morrisville  on  September 
12th  with  the  Second  Corps,  which  marched  in  support  of  Bu- 
ford's  cavalry  in  the  advance  to  Culpepper. 

*"September  12,  1863.  The  day  is  very  sultry  and  hot.  Can  just 
breathe.  Many  are  falling  out.  A  number  have  fainted  and  fallen  in 
their  tracks.  The  mules  are  falling  dead  along  the  line  of  march.  In  the 
afternoon  a  heavv  thunderstorm  came  up,  drenching  us  to  the  skin,  which 
greatly  refreshed  us.  Camped  at  night  in  the  woods.  Heavy  showers 
all  night,  making  it  very  uncomfortable  for  us,  but  we  must  take  it  as  it 
comes." 

This  march  was  not  long  or  rapid,  but  it  was,  perhaps,  the 
most  distressful  ever  made  by  the  Second  Corps.  In  the  shade 
of  large  trees  the  temperature  rose  in  the  forenoon  to  106  degrees. 
The  sun  beat  upon  the  troops  with  terrible  power  and  during  the 
march  of  eight  miles  not  less  than  one-third  of  the  command  fell 
by  the  way-side,  overpowered  by  the  extreme  heat.  The  shower, 
however,  proved  a  blessing  to  all,  and  the  march  was  continued  to 
Bealton  Station,  on  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railroad,  a 
point  which  few  would  have  reached  but  for  that  refreshing 
shower. 

The  command  halted  at  Bealton  Station  for  the  night  and 
all  but  a  few  of  the  stragglers,  restored  by  the  same  cool  shower, 
rejoined  it.  Here  it  was  learned  that  Chamberlain,  with  the 
Maine  Brigade,  had,  at  noon,  by  a  most  gallant  charge,  carried 
Lee's  works  at  Rappahannock  Station  and  now  held  the  line  of 
the  river. 

On  the  following  day,  Sept.  13,  the  corps  crossed  the  north 
fork  of  the  Rappahannock  at  Kclley's  Ford  on  a  pontoon  bridge 

*  This  and  other  similar  quotations  which  follow  are  extracts  from 
a  diary  written  by  l.ieut.  Joseph  K.  Hodgkins,  of  Co.  K. 

(263) 


264  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

and  camped  a  little  north  of  Culpepper.  Here  the  cavalry  and 
artillery  had  a  short  engagement  with  the  enemy,  capturing 
two  guns  and  a  number  of  prisoners. 

On  the  15th  the  march  was  resumed,  the  regiment  moving 
through  the  town  and  pitching  camp  until  the  16th.  On  that 
day  it  reached  the  Rapidan  River,  near  Raccoon  Ford,  where 
pickets  were  established  on  the  North  bank,  relieving  cavalry 
which  went  to  the  rear.  The  rebel  pickets  were  on  the  opposite 
bank  within  pistol  range  and  shots  were  frequently  exchanged. 

Camp  was  pitched  a  short  distance  from  the  river  and  here 
the  Corps  remained  until  the  30th  of  September.  During  this 
time  one  half  of  the  Corps  was  constantly  on  picket  duty  on  the 
north  bank.  Nothing  but  the  brawling  current  of  the  narrow 
stream  (at  that  season  perhaps  20  yards  wide  and  2  feet  deep) 
at  any  time  separated  the  two  armies. 

"September  18,  1863.  All  the  privates,  except  the  cook,  sent  out  on 
picket." 

"September  19,  1863.  Non-commissioned  officers  sent  out  on  picket. 
The  rebs  are  just  across  the  river,  within  speaking  distance.  The  pickets 
frequently  cross  and  exchange  papers,  etc." 

"September  21,  1863.  Ordered  to  turn  out  at  daylight,  and  remain 
under  arms  until  sunrise,  every  morning." 

The  regimental  return  for  September,  1863,  is  as  follows: 

Col.  Devereux,  still  on  detached  service,  Boston  harbor- 
Lieut.  Col.  Wass,  in  command  3d  Brigade,  2nd  Div., 
2nd  Corps. 

Major  Edmund  Rice,  in  command  of  regiment. 
Co.   C.       Second   Lieut.    Joseph   W    Snellen,   promoted  from 

Commissary  Sergeant,  to  date  July  16,  1863. 
Co.   E.        Capt.  John  P    Reynolds,  Jr.,  returned  Sept.  1,  and 

mustered  as  captain  to  date  Feb.  27th. 
Co.  F  Capt.  Chas.  M.  Merritt,  on  detached  service,  General 
Martindale's  headquarters,  Washington.  Trans- 
ferred from  Co.  G  to  Co.  A,  as  First  Lieutenant  on 
account  of  non-muster.  Mustered  as  Captain  by 
order  Sec'y  of  War  to  date  Nov.  1,  1861,  and  trans- 
ferred from  Co.  A  to  Co.  F,  Sept.  26,  1863. 
Second  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  in  command  Co.  F. 


THE  ADVANCE  TO  CULPEPPER  AND  BEALTON.      265 

Co.   G.       First.   Lieut   Dudley   C     Mumford,   in   command  of 
company. 
Asst.  Surg.  W    D.  Knapp,  returned  to  duty  Sept.  25, 

1803,  from  hospital. 
Second    Lieut.    Charles    L.    Merrill,    transferred    to 
Invalid    Corps,    S.    O.    202,    Headquarters    Second 
Corps,  Aug.  30. 
John  Y    Small,   private,   Co.  A,  promoted  to  Com- 
missary Sergeant,  Sept.  25,  18G3,  at  Raccoon  Ford, 
vice  Snelling,  promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant. 
Private  Adolph  Mahnitz,  Co.  B,  returned  at  Morris- 
ville,  Va.,  Sept.  6,  from  prisoner  of  war,  captured 
July  1,  at  Taneytown,  Md. 
Private  John  Doherty,  Co.  E.,  prisoner  of  war. 
On  September  30,  the  Nineteenth  regiment  was  withdrawn 
from  the  front  and  posted  at  Mitchell's  Station  on  the  railroad 
to  protect  the  corps  train.    This  was  an  excellent  camping  place. 
It  was  near  Cedar  Run,  a  small  river,  and  there  was  an  opportu- 
nity to  bathe  and  wash  clothes.     Save  the  occasional  shot  of  a 
picket,   nothing  disturbed  the  general  quiet  until   October  11, 
when  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  fall  in  and  begin  a   rapid 
march  northward. 

The  rest  of  the  Second  Corps  had  been  relieved  by  the 
Sixth  Corps  on  October  5  ami  had  returned  to  Culpepper,  en- 
camping near  the  town.  Here  it  remained  until  the  11th,  when 
the  entire  army  was  withdrawn  to  the  North  bank  of  the  Rappa- 
hannock. 

At  daylight  on  the  11th,  the  regiment  reerossed  the  river, 
rejoined  the  Second  Corps  and  halted  at  Rappahannock  Station. 
During  the  day  it  lav  quietly  in  bivouack,  while  other  troops 
went  hurrying  North.  It  was  here  erroneously  reported  that 
Lee  had  begun  his  march  upon  Culpepper.  As  a  result  of  this 
report,  early  in  the  morning  of  ( )ctober  12,  the  Second,  Fifth  and 
.Sixth  Corps  and  Buford's  Cavalry  re-crossed  the  river  and 
deployed  upon  the  magnificent  plain  stretching  from  the  southern 
bank  to  and  around  Brandy  Station, advanced  in  the  full  "pomp 
and  circumstance  of  war  '  to  find  and  strike  the  enemy,  if  at 
Culpepper. 


266  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Lee,  deceived  into  the  belief  that  Meade,  by  breaking  his 
communication  with  the  capitol  had  begun  a  bold  movement 
upon  Richmond,  gave  evidence  before  night  that  his  columns, 
recalled  from  their  northern  march,  were  hurrying  to  throw 
themselves  in  front  of  the  Second  and  Fifth  Corps. 

At  dark  these  corps  had  gone  into  camp  upon  the  wide 
plain.  Fires  were  built,  as  usual,  and  nothing  more  than  an 
intent  to  remain  and  in  the  morning  to  renew  the  advance,  was 
discernable. 

About  9  P.M.  details  were  made  to  keep  up  the  fires  until 
midnight  and  in  the  deepest  silence  the  two  corps  moved  hurriedly 
to  the  North.  At  11  o'clock  they  had  re-crossed  the  river,  and 
through  the  night,  side  by  side  along  the  railroad,  the  two 
columns  pushed  their  rapid  march.  After  sunrise  the  Second 
Corps  halted  at  Borden's  House  for  rest  and  breakfast.  In  an 
hour  the  march  was  resumed.  Hour  after  hour,  the  tired  troops 
hurried  forward,  until  at  3  P.M.  once  more  they  halted,  this  time 
at  Catlett's  Station.  There  was  no  food  to  be  had  and  while 
the  men  were  resting  here  Gen.  Meade  and  his  staff  rode  through 
the  ranks  and  was  loudly  saluted  by  the  hungry  boys  in  a  good 
natured  way  with  cries  of  ' '  Pork"  and  ' ' Hard  Tack. ' ' 

The  regiment  had  marched  twenty  miles  that  day,  over  a 
very  muddy  road  across  which  many  trees  had  been  felled. 
Many  groups  of  prisoners,  on  their  way  to  the  rear,  were  passed 

Gen.  Francis  A.  Walker  in  his  "History  of  the  Second 
Corps,"  says:  "The  Second  Corps,  which  had  marched  from 
near  Culpepper  to  Bealton  on  the  11th,  and  on  the  12th  had 
marched  from  Bealton  to  Brandy  Station,  again  took  the  route 
for  Bealton,  at  11  o'clock  that  night. 

"As  the  column  approached  Bealton  there  was  heard  what 
seemed  to  be  a  rapid  and  persistent  fire  of  skirmishers,  and  the 
troops,  who  had  "caught  on"  to  the  general  situation,  at  once 
concluded  that  Lee  had  gained  our  rear  and  that  another  battle 
of  the  John  Pope  order  was  imminent.  On  arriving  at  Bealton, 
however,  it  was  found  that  the  noise  was  occasioned  by  the 
destruction  of  a  large  amount  of  small  arms  ammunition,  ordered 
by  some  over  zealous  subordinate. 

"The  troops  were  tired  enough  to  sleep  at  Bealton,  but  the 


THE    ADVANCE    TO    CULPEPPER    AND    BEALTON.  267 

time  was  not  come  for  rest,  and  indeed,  the  movement  upon 
which  the  Second  Corps  had  entered  was  to  be  the  most  arduous 
in  its  history." 

Pushing  northward  to  the  support  of  Gregg,  and  marching 
all  night,  Fayetteville  was  reached  about  6  o'clock  in  the  morning 
and  the  troops  were  told  to  get  their  breakfast. 

"The  halt  made  the  evening  before,"  says  General  Warren 
in  his  official  report,  "but  little  more  than  sufficed  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  sentinels,  preparation  of  meals,  etc.,  so  that  sleep 
had  scarcely  closed  the  eyes  of  one  of  the  command  since  they 
awoke  on  the  morning  of  the   12th." 

"After  only  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  however,  the  order  to 
"Fall  In"  was  heard,  and  the  tired  men,  who  had  scarcely  been 
allowed  to  prepare  coffee,  were  again  summoned  to  the  route. 
The  day's  march  was  long  and  wearisome;  the  distance  was  not 
great,  but  such  were  the  delays  and  interruptions,  due  to  the 
presence  of  the  Third  Corps  on  the  road  in  front,  and  the  neces- 
sity of  guarding  continually  against  attacks  on  our  left  flank,  that 
it  was  not  until  9  o'clock  in  the  evening  that  the  corps  bivouacked 
on  the  south  side  of  Cedar  Run,  not  far  from  the  little  village  of 
Auburn.     Thus  ended  the  13th  of  October." 

The  fourteenth  day  of  October  was  a  memorable  one  in  the 
history  of  the  Nineteenth  regiment,  as  well  as  of  the  whole  corps. 
Before  four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  corps  started,  as  rear 
guard  of  the  retreating  army  and  crossed  Cedar  Run  in  a  heavy 
fog  at  Auburn,  which  is  described  by  Stewart's  biographer  as 
"a  little  hamlet  consisting  of  the  residence  of  Stephen  McCor- 
inick,  a  post  office  and  a  blacksmith 's  shop. ' '  Ewell  was  closely 
pressing  the  rear  and  left  of  the  corps  as  it  made  the  crossing,  and 
Job  Stewart,  who  had  been  caught  the  day  before  between  two 
corps  of  the  army  and  had  remained  hidden  in  a  thick  pine  wood 
during  the  night,  opened  with  artillery  on  the  larger  part  of  the 
first  division  which  was  massed  on  a  hill  back  of  Auburn;  the  re- 
mainder, Brook's  brigade,  being  thrown  out  to  the  front,  covered 
the  route  to  (ireenwich,  from  which  direction  the  rebels  were 
making  a  heavy  pressure,  while  Carroll's  brigade  was  helping 
Cregg's  cavalry  hold  them  back  on  the  southerly  side  of  the 
run,  in  the  direction  of  Warrenton. 


268  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

This  fire  from  Stewart,  coming  as  it  did  from  the  rear,  on 
the  road  to  Catlett's  Station,  over  which  the  corps  must  pass  to 
Centreville,  its  objective  point,  was  a  genuine  surprise  and  threw 
the  men  of  the  First  Division  on  the  hill  into  momentary  confusion, 
as  it  was  well  directed  and  rapid.  A  heavy  fog  enveloped  the 
country,  consequently  the  operations  of  the  rebels  were  veiled 
from  view  of  the  Division  commanders. 

At  this  time  the  Third  Division  was  moving  down  the  Cat- 
lett's  Station  road,  followed  by  the  Second,  which  was  then  cross- 
ing the  difficult  ford  of  Auburn.  A  brigade  of  the  Third  Division 
immediately  threw  out  skirmishers  and  formed  line  of  battle, 
which,  with  the  help  of  artillery,  soon  had  Stewart  in  full  retreat 
down  the  Catlett's  Station  road,  which  was  soon  clear  of  the 
enemy. 

While  this  was  going  on  there  was  considerable  excitement, 
for  it  was  not  known  exactly  where  the  enemy  were.  The  can- 
non shot  coming  from  every  direction  seemed  to  indicate  that  the 
rebels  held  every  avenue  of  escape,  but  with  the  retirement  of 
Stewart,  the  road  to  Catlett's  was  opened  and  over  this  the 
Second  Division  took  the  advance.  The  Third  Division  lay  in 
line  of  battle  until  the  Second  had  passed  and  then  followed. 

"Everyone  was  perfectly  well  disposed  to  march,"  says 
Warren,  "and  there  was,  for  the  once,  no  complaint  as  to  the 
pace  set  by  the  head  of  the  column."  The  First  Division  still 
held  its  position.  Gen.  Walker  mentions  the  following  incident 
as  taking  place  at  this  time.  "A  powerful  battery,  supposed 
to  be  Jones'  battalion  of  sixteen  pieces,  among  them  some  20- 
pounders,  opened  from  the  direction  of  Warrenton  and  even 
further  to  the  South,  gallantly  replied  to  by  Arnold's  "A,"  First 
Rhode  Island  which,  having  been  in  action  against  Stewart, 
had  literally  executed  the  order, — seldom,  if  ever  heard  except 
on  the  drill  ground, — "Fire  to  the  rear!  Limbers  and  caissons, 
pass  your  pieces."  The  shells  of  still  another  Confederate 
battery,  which  had  got  around  upon  the  Greenwich  road,  flew 
in  a  direction  exactly  opposite  to  that  taken  by  the  shells  leaving 
Stewart's  staff."  It  was  said  by  Major  McClellan,  of  Stewart's 
staff  that  shots  from  Stewart's  guns  passed  clear  over  the  Union 
troops  and  fell  among  the  advancing  lines  of  Ewell,  on  the  other 


THE  ADVANCE  TO  CULPEPPER  AND  BEATON.       269 

side,  actually  checking  their  advance.  This  shows  how  closely 
the  corps  was  invested  at  this  time. 

On  arrival  at  Catlett's  the  division  halted  until  the  First  was 
able  to  get  away  from  the  enemy  and  join  them.  Thus  far  the 
Nineteenth  regiment  had  met  no  loss,  although  several  times 
under  fire.  The  regiments  had  started  out  on  the  12th  with  boxes 
full  of  ammunition  and  twenty  rounds  in  knapsacks,  with  five 
days  rations  on  the  person  in  addition  to  their  ordinary  equip- 
ment. Gen.  Walker  says:  "All  the  diminution  that  had  occurred 
in  their  heavy  burden  being  in  the  hard  tack  and  salt  pork  eaten 
at  two  or  three  short  halts  or  gnawed  or  nibbled  on  the  march." 

On  the  arrival  of  the  First  Division,  the  line  of  march  was 
taken  up  for  Bristoe  Station;  the  Second  Division,  commanded 
by  Gen.  Webb,  with  two  batteries  of  artillery,  taking  the  north- 
westerly side  of  the  railroad;  the  Third  Division,  under  Gen. 
Alexander  Hayes,  taking  the  south-easterly  side,  and  the  First 
Division,  under  Caldwell  as  rear  guard.  Col.  Mallon  commanded 
the  third  brigade  of  the  Second  Division,  in  which  was  the  Nine- 
teenth, commanded  by  Col.  Wass.  The  column  moved  rapidly 
on,  every  man  intent  on  getting  as  far  ahead  as  possible.  There 
was  no  voluntary  straggling. 

Of  the  battle  at  Bristoe  Station,  First  Sergt.  Milton  Ells- 
worth of  Co.  C,  says: 

"The  59th  New  York,  of  our  brigade,  was  deployed  on 
the  left  as  flankers,  to  watch  for  the  rebels,  who  were  expected 
to  appear  at  any  time.  When  the  column  crossed  Kettle's  Run, 
the  flankers  were  drawn  in  and  did  not  go  out  again  after  crossing, 
probably  thinking  it  unnecessary  After  marching  quietly 
along  for  some  time,  with  our  left  flank  thus  unguarded,  I  saw 
some  men  marching  along,  dressed  in  blue,  where  our  flankers 
should  have  been.  Knowing  that  we  had  none  out,  I  at  once 
suspected  them  of  being  rebel  skirmishers,  disguised  as  Union 
men.  1  called  the  company  commander's  attention  to  them, 
asking  who  he  thought  they  were  He  said  "Flankers."  I 
said  that  these  were  drawn  in  when  we  erosssed  the  stream.  He 
acknowledged  that  this  was  so  and,  looking  back,  saw  the  .V.llh 
New  York  following. 

At  this  moment  an  aide  of  Gen.  Webb's  staff  was  passing 


270  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

and  his  attention  was  called  to  the  strangers.  He  supposed 
that  they  were  the  59th  New  York,  but  on  learning  that  it  was 
in  column,  he  immediately  reported  the  matter  to  the  general, 
who  ordered  that  the  59th  New  York  be  at  once  sent  out;  de- 
ploying as  skirmishers,  it  advanced  up  the  hill  toward  the  stran- 
gers, who  at  once  showed  their  true  colors  by  immediately  halting, 
facing  to  the  right  and  commencing  firing;  the  59th  continued 
to  advance,  answering  the  enemy's  fire  until  it  came  too  strong 
for  it  to  cope  with  by  appearing  over  the  hill  in  line  of  battle. 

The  Nineteenth  then  fell  back"?  slowly,  firing  as  it  came. 
They  were  at  a  point  where  the  railroad  embankment  was  about 
three  feet  high  and  at  once  crossed,  by  order  of  Major  Rice,  who 
took  command  when  Col.  Wass  was  wounded,  to  use  it  as  a 
breastwork,  directing  the  colors  to  keep  down  and  out  of  sight. 
The  rebels  moved  down  the  hill.  We  lay  quietly,  having  the 
greatest  confidence  in  our  ability  to  take  care  of  them,  until 
they  came  very  near  to  us,  when  we  arose  and  emptied  our  guns 
in  their  faces  and  cheered  and  charged  over  the  road.  This 
was  rather  more  than  was  expected;  they  were  taken  by  surprise 
and  many  surrendered  and  some  broke  and  ran.  We  followed 
them  up  the  hill,  capturing  one  field  officer  and  several^ine  offi- 
cers and  all  the  men  (450  in  all)  except  a  few  who  went  over  the 
hill  to  their  reserve." — 

The  rebels  had  exposed  one  battery  of  five  pieces  in  front 
of  the  wood  and  upon  this  the  Second  Division  concentrated 
its  fire.  After  the  capture  of  the  prisoners,  the  Major  sent 
out  companies  K  and  E  as  skirmishers  and  Lieutenant  John 
B.  Thompson,  who  had  command  of  the  two  left  flank  com- 
panies of  the  Nineteenth,  not  wishing  to  weaken  his  line,  allowed 
Sergeants  Corrigan  and  Maloney  and  private  Johnson,  all  of 
Co.  E,  to  advance  to  the  pieces.  They  destroyed  one  gun  and 
brought  in  two  and  a  limber  and  four  horses  Men  were  at 
once  furnished  from  the  First  Minnesota  and  Andrew  Sharp- 
shooters, who  brought  in  the  other  two  pieces.  Sergeant  Corri- 
gan limbered  up  one  of  those  taken  by  the  Nineteenth,  mounted 
the  saddle  leader  and  drove  it  in  triumph  down  the  field  and 
over  the  railroad  track  with  a  bump  into  the  lines,  amid  a  shower 
of  balls  from  the  enemy  and  a  storm  of  cheers  from  his  com- 


THE  ADVANCE  TO  CULPEPPER  AND  BEATON.       271 

rades.  The  conduct  of  the  men  in  this  spirited  affair  was  excel- 
lent and  ..that  of  the  recruits  particularly  so,  as  this  was  their 
first  engagement. 

The  casualties  were:  Lieutenant  Colonel  Ansel  D.  Wass, 
commanding  the  brigade,  wounded  slightly  at  the  opening  of 
the  engagement. 

Captain  J.  F.  Plympton  and  Lieutenant  W  F.  Rice,  wounded 
in  scalp. 

Lieutenant  John  J.  Ferris,  wounded  slightly  in  the  ear. 

Sergeant  Dunbar  Ross,  Co.  D,  severely  wounded  in  the 
head, — since  died. 

Hill's  loss  was  enormously  disproportionate  to  the  forces 
engaged.* 

The  strength  of  the  regiment  in  this  engagement  was  but 
100  officers  and  men.  Colonel  Mallon  of  the  Forty-Second 
New  York,  commanding  the  brigade,  had  been  killed  early  in 
the  action  and  the  command  of  the  brigade  devolved  upon  Lieut. 
Col.  Wass,  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts. 

In  relating  the  incidents  of  the  battle,  General  Walker 
says:  "And  soon  four  hundred  and  sixty  prisoners,  with  two 
colors,  are  brought  from  under  the  very  noses  of  the  supporting 
brigades  of  Davis  and  Walker,  while  five  of  Poague's  guns  are 
drawn  across  the  track  by  the  rollicking  skirmishers,  each  piece 
bestridden  by  a  crowing  '\ank,'  and  so  'first  blood'  and 
'first  knock  down' are  awarded  to  the  Second  Corps.  It  was 
at  the  time  related  that  these  men,  brought  into  the  line  of  the 
Second  Division,  recognized  their  old  antagonists  of  Gettys- 
burg, and  on  seeing  the  white  trefoil  of  their  captors,  exclaimed 
Those  damned  white  clubs  again." 

*  The  loss  of  the  enemy  in  front  of  the  regiment  was  greater  than  the 
total  number  of  men  in  the  Nineteenth. 


CHAPTER  XXXIV 

BATTLE    OF    BRISTOE    STATION. 

IN    CAMP    AT    WARRENTON. 
MOVEMENT   TO    THE    RAPIDAN. 

The  corps  lay  in  position  behind  the  embankment  until 
after  dark,  expecting  an  attack  from  the  enemy  who  were  sup- 
posed to  be  in  force  near,  but  earnestly  hoping  that  they  should 
keep  away,  being  satisfied  with  the  day's  work  and  longing  for 
night  to  come. 

Although  the  men  in  the  ranks  did  not  know  the  real  extent 
of  the  danger,  they  could  see  by  the  constant  hurrying  about  of 
staff  officers',  trying  to  strengthen  the  weak  points  along  the  line, 
and  the  anxious  uneasy  manner  of  the  general  officers,  that 
something  serious  was  about  to  happen. 

At  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  order  came  to  march, 
a  staff  officer  bringing  the  command  to  each  regimental  com- 
mander, with  the  injunction  that  no  word  of  command  was  to 
be  given  above  a  whisper,  and  each  man  was  to  keep  his  hand 
on  his  canteen  and  dipper  to  keep  them  from  rattling.  The 
command  to  march,  with  the  cautionary  instructions,  was 
passed  down  the  line  in  whispers,  and  the  men  stole  silently 
away,  along  the  front  of  the  enemy,  whose  many  camp  fires 
were  plainly  visible  and  whose  voices  could  be  heard  on  every 
passing  breeze;  the  groans  of  the  wounded  rebels  lying  between 
the  lines  were  occasionally  heard;  no  word  was  spoken  above 
a  whisper,  and  few  at  that;  the  noises  usually  incident  to  the 
moving  of  large  bodies  of  troops  could  not  be  heard,  only  the 
ceaseless  and  almost  inaudible  shuffling  of  many  feet  as  the 
regiments  followed  each  other  to  and  across  Broad  Run,  after 
which  crossing  they  felt  that  they  were  out  of  a  trap  and  marched 
in  a  more  natural  manner  until  about  4  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
(272) 


BATTLE    OF    BRISTOE    STATION.  273 

when  they  bivouacked  near  Blackburn's  Ford  on  the  Bull  Run 
Creek. 

A  temporary  halt  was  made  at  Blackburn's  Ford  and  then 
the  march  was  resumed  for  a  short  distance  toward  Centreville 
where  the  regiment  occupied  some  deserted  earthworks  on  the 
position  occupied  by  the  Union  troops  in  the  first  Bull  Run 
Battle.  Lee,  having  been  foiled  in  the  object  of  his  grand 
inarch,  began  his  retreat  toward  the  Rapidan,  and  on  October 
19th,  the  regiment  again  started  South  toward  the  position  it 
had  abandoned  seven  days  before.  The  march  was  very  slow, 
to  keep  pace  with  the  reparation  of  the  railroad  which  had  been 
destroyed  by  the  enemy.  The  men  had  traversed  the  roads  so 
often  that  they  began  to  seem  like  old  acquaintances. 

The  first  night  was  spent  in  a  bivouac  at  Bristoe  Station. 
On  the  following  day  the  line  moved  to  Gainesville,  then  to 
Greenwich  and  then  to  Auburn,  no  rebels  being  encountered. 
This  march  was  over  some  of  the  worst  roads  in  Virginia.  Dur- 
ing the  day  the  men  forded  five  streams,  three  of  them  knee 
deep,  and  for  a  portion  of  the  day  they  did  not  get  an  opportu- 
nity to  remove  the  water  from  their  boots. 

The  battlefield  of  John  Pope  and  of  the  first  Bull  Run  was 
passed  over  and  many  relics  of  Pope's  battle  were  seen  in  the 
numerous  skulls  lying  grinning  above  the  ground  and  portions 
of  skeletons  protruding  from  shallow  graves.  There  were  no 
means  of  telling  those  of  friends  from  those  of  foes,  as  it  was 
only  occasionally  that  there  was  seen  a  slab,  with  a  name  upon 
it,  imperfectly  and  hastily  scrawled,  to  tell  whose  bones  were 
thus  left  to  bleach  in  a  strange  land. 

These  were  sad  reminders  of  the  havoc  of  war  but  they 
were  passed  without  a  sentimental  thought,  although  each  man 
knew  that  the  advent  of  another  autumn  might  find  his  bones 
whitening  on  some  field  far  from  home.  They  took  no  thought, 
however,  of  future  possibilities,  borrowed  no  trouble  and  con- 
tentedly trudged  along. 

During  the  21st  and  22nd  of  October  the  regiment  re- 
mained at  \uburn,  and  here  the  mails  were  received,  the  first 
for  over  a  fortnight. 

(jn  October  2.J  the  regiment  was  moved  to  near  the  rail- 


274  THE    NINETEENTH   MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

road,  about  half  way  between  Warrenton  and  Warrenton  Junc- 
tion. Two  weeks  were  spent  here.  The  camp  was  pitched  on 
a  high  hill,  somewhat  resembling  Bolivar  Heights  and  over- 
looking the  railroad.  It  was  very  cold  here  and  the  men  kept 
huddled  up  in  the  tents,  wrapped  in  blankets,  but  could  not 
keep  warm.  Many  recruits  were  received  and  here  was  wit- 
nessed the  scene  of  ' '  drumming  out  of  the  service"  two  deserters. 
There  was  a  road  in  front  of  the  camps,  over  which  the  proces- 
sion passed  in  making  the  tour  of  the  camps.  This  procession 
was  made  up  as  follows :  first  came  the  commander  of  the  squad, 
then  drummers  and  fifers  playing  the  "Rogue's  March,"  then 
came  a  file  of  soldiers  with  muskets  reversed  and  bayonets  fixed, 
followed  by  the  two  prisoners  with  their  right  hips  bared,  on 
which  were  branded  the  letter  "D",  signifying  deserter,  then  a 
file  of  soldiers  at  charge  bayonets,  all  being  followed  by  a  small 
crowd  of  soldiers.  The  small  boy,  usually  seen  following  an 
arrested  man  on  the  way  to  the  station  house,  or  in  numerous 
attendance  at  street  fights  in  large  towns  and  cities,  was  not 
present. 

On  the  7th  of  November,  camp  was  broken  at  daylight  and 
the  regiment  marched  through  Warrenton  Junction,  Bealton 
and  Morrisville,  halting  at  night  at  Kelley's  Ford  on  the  Rappa- 
hannock. On  the  following  morning  it  marched  across  the  river. 
The  enemy  had  evidently  contemplated  staying  all  winter  on  this 
line  as  many  comfortable  huts  were  passed  and  in  many  other 
ways  they  were  seen  to  have  been  well  provided  for.  In  several 
of  the  huts,  which  were  built  entirely  of  logs,  half  barrels  filled 
with  persimmons,  in  a  state  of  fermentation,  were  found.  These 
were  presumably  to  make  beer  of,  but  the  few  who  tasted  it  did 
not  care  for  more. 

Companies  C  and  E  were  employed  as  skirmishers  and 
moved  carefully  on  until  the  deserted  camp  of  the  rebels  was 
found,  about  a  mile  from  the  river.  There  again  were  evidences 
of  their  intention  to  winter  in  that  position,  many  substantial 
log  houses  having  been  built  and  more  were  in  the  state  of  con- 
struction. When  the  regiment  came  up  the  skirmishers  re- 
joined it  and  the  march  was  continued  for  three  or  four  miles 
when  the  skirmishers  were  again  sent  out  and  advanced  into 


BATTLE    OF    BEISTOE    STATION.  275 

the  woods,  where  they  halted  and  remained  all  night  as  pickets, 
the  regiment  going  into  camp  at  the  edge  of  the  woods. 

One  day  was  spent  at  this  point  and  then  a  march  of  five 
miles  was  made  to  Berry  Hill,  near  Cole's  Hill,  within  a  mile  or 
two  of  Brandy  Station,  where  camp  was  established.  Between 
the  camps  and  the  hill  was  a  creek,  along  which  was  posted  the 
picket  line.  A  signal  post  was  established  on  top  of  the  hill  and 
it  was  in  communication  with  the  cavalry  outposts  at  Stephen- 
burg. 

Here  some  ingenious  "Yank"  invented  a  new  kind  of  food 
which  was  quite  popular  with  the  boys  for  a  time.  It  was  pre- 
pared by  pounding  hard  bread  to  a  flour — made  by  placing  two 
or  three  crackersin  a  haversack  bag,  placing  it  on  a  log  or  rock 
and  pounding  it  with  a  stick, — the  flour  thus  obtained  was 
mixed  with  sweetened  water  into  a  stiff  dough,  then  made  into 
round  cakes  and  fried.  They  were  given  the  name  of  ' '  McClel- 
lan  Cakes." 

"November  16,  1863.  General  inspection  with  knapsacks,  haver- 
sacks, etc. 

"November  18,  1863.     On  division  and  corps  drill  and  review. 

"November  21,  1863.  Rained  all  day.  Laid  abed  nearly  all  the 
time,  as  we  have  nothing  but  shelter  tents  with  both  ends  open  and  it  is 
cold  and  uncomfortable." 

On  the  24th,  the  camp  was  broken,  but  as  it  rained  so 
heavily  the  regiment  became  stuck  in  the  mud  after  a  march  of 
half  a  mile  and  was  compelled  to  return  to  camp.  The  next 
start  was  made  on  the  26th,  when  the  movement  to  the  Rapidan 
began, — the  last  movement  of  an  eventful  year.  The  regiment 
marched  to  Germania  Ford  on  the  Rapidan  and,  after  some 
delay,  crossed  without  opposition.  Here  were  found  extensive 
earthworks  which  the  rebels  had  evacuated.  After  resting  for 
a  short  time,  the  tramp  was  resumed  to  near  Flat  Run  church 
about  three  miles  from  the  river  and  bivouac  was  made  for  the 
night. 

On  the  27th  (Thanksgiving  Day)  march  was  resumed  by 
the  brigade  at  sunrise  and  continued  until  10  A.M.,  when  firing 
was  heard  at  the  front  and  a  halt  was  made.  Soon,  however, 
the  line  moved  forward  again,  with  the  Nineteenth  on  the  righ 


276  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

of  the  brigade,  and  part  of  the  time  passing  through  the  woods 
on  the  right  of  the  road.  The  firing  in  front  increased.  Soon 
the  open  ground  was  reached  near  Robertson's  Tavern,  which 
was  entered  on  the  double  quick. 

Occasional  shells  passed  over  and  a  line  of  battle  was 
formed  on  the  crest  of  a  ridge  to  support  a  battery  there.  It  was 
greeted  with  minie  ballswhich  continued  to  come  for  some  hours, 
more  or  less  thickly.  They  did  little  harm,  however,  being  aimed 
too  high,  but  the  experience  was  a  trying  on  e  upon  the  nerves .  Com- 
panies K  and  E,  Lieutenants  Thompson  and  Hall  commanding, 
were  advanced  as  skirmishers  for  the  brigade  front.  The  two 
companies,  loaded  with  knapsacks,  etc.  went  in  on  the  double 
quick.  Many  of  the  men  were  nearly  exhausted  but  they  drove 
the  enemy  across  a  field  and  into  a  wood,  in  the  edge  of  which 
they  made  a  stand.  The  two  companies  of  skirmishers  then 
took  a  position  under  the  brow  of  a  hill  and  lay  down,  all  the 
while  keeping  up  a  brisk  fire.  The  enemy  made  many  attempts 
to  break  through  the  line,  but  were  repulsed  every  time.  Just 
before  dark  they  opened  a  brisk  fire  upon  the  skirmishers,  who 
held  their  ground. 

The  Orderly  Sergeant,  Thomas  P  Manning,  was  killed, 
and  one  man  was  wounded. 

At  dark  the  line  of  skirmishers  was  advanced  nearly  to  the 
wood  and  received  but  three  shots,  which  injured  no  one.  At 
half  past  nine  they  were  relieved,  having  been  out  ten  hours. 
When  these  two  companies,  K  and  E,  were  advanced  in  the 
morning,  the  rest  of  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  right  to 
support  the  skirmish  line  of  the  72nd  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 
whose  whole  field  force  was  deployed.  Companies  H  and  G 
were  here  deployed  to  close  a  gap  in  the  above  mentioned  line, 
connecting  with  it  on  both  flanks;  the  balance  of  the  regiment 
being  in  reserve,  where  it  remained  all  night.  Sometime  after 
dark  Companies  K  and  E  rejoined  the  regiment.  This  was  the 
last  engagement  of  the  year  for  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts, 
as  this  command  was  not  engaged  during  the  brief  manoeuvres 
which  followed. 

Sergeant  Thomas  P  Manning,  of  Co.  K,  was  killed  in  the 
engagement  and  he  was  one  of  the  bravest  and  truest  soldiers 


BATTLE    OF    BRISTOE    STATION.  277 

in  the  regiment.  He  was  a  gentleman  and  one  whose  attain- 
ments and  services  fitted  him  for  high  place.  None  of  the  men 
whom  the  Nineteenth  had  lost  were  more  sincerely  mourned, 
or,  when  living,  respected  and  obeyed  more  thoroughly  than  he. 
Each  private  felt  that  he  had  lost  a  true  and  honest  friend;  each 
officer  that  he  had  lost  a  brave  and  loyal  brother  in  arms. 

The  regiment  lay  at  Robertson's  Tavern  through  the  night, 
and  on  the  afternoon  of  the  28th,  the  Corps  having  been  re- 
lieved by  the  Fifth,  started  on  what  was  called  "Warren's 
Flank  March."  The  men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  advanced 
as  skirmishers,  but  few  of  the  enemy  were  found,  they  having 
retreated  to  their  works.  A  few  shells  were  sent  over  to  them, 
which  they  kindly  returned,  and  finally  the  line  came  up  with 
them  strongly  posted  on  a  range  of  hills,  and  heavy  firing  began. 
The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  relieved  at  4  o'clock. 

Little  distance  was  covered  that  night  and  on  the  29th 
(Sunday)  a  hard  march  was  begun  at  daylight.  The  Second 
Corps  exchanged  positions  with  the  Fifth  Corps,  moving  to  the 
left.  Good  Hope  church,  on  the  Orange  Plank  Road  was 
reached  at  noon.  Here  a  short  stop  was  made  and  then  the 
regiment  moved  out  by  the  Orange  Plank  Road,  firing  being 
kept  up  between  the  skirmishers.  The  Nineteenth  was  sent 
out  in  the  afternoon  to  support  the  skirmishers.  A  branch  of 
Mine  Run  was  reached  in  the  evening  and  here  the  men  biv- 
ouacked. 

The  enemy's  watch  fires  were  plainly  visible  but  a  short 
distance  away,  across  Mine  Run  Creek.  It  was  bitterly  cold 
and  heavy  overcoats  were  hardly  sufficient  protection  for  the 
pickets  against  the  high  wind  which  came  in  icy  blasts  across 
the  plains.  A  number  of  pickets  in  the  Corps  froze  to  death 
upon  their  posts  during  the  night.  The  mercury  was  below  the 
freezing  point  and  thin  ice  formed  in  the  creek.  The  water  in 
the  canteens  was  solidly  frozen.  The  men  were  completely 
tired  out,  having  had  very  little  sleep  for  several  nights. 

At  midnight  the  pickets  were  called  in  and  the  Division 
crossed  Mine  Run  and  formed  in  line  of  battle  behind  a  low 
ridge.  On  the  right  of  the  Second  Corps  were  the  Third  and 
Fifth  Corps  and  on  the  left  were  the  Sixth  Corps.     The  move- 


278  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

ment  was  made  very  quietly  in  the  darkness,  and  each  regiment 
was  hardly  conscious  of  the  presence  of  the  other,  as  the  line 
was  continued  to  the  right  and  left.  Permission  was  given  for 
the  men  to  lie  down  but  nothing  could  be  unpacked  and  no  fires 
whatever  were  allowed,  not  even -the  lighting  of  a  match  or  a 
pipe  and  no  loud  talk  or  laughter  could  be  indulged  in.  This 
state  of  affairs  was  anything  but  pleasant  on  such  a  cold  night, 
and,  to  make  matters  worse,  the  information  was  given  out  that 
at  8  o'clock  on  the  following  morning  the  men  of  the  Second 
Corps  were  to  make  an  assault  on  the  rebel  works. 

For  some  reason  the  men  had  been  siezed  with  the  belief 
that  the  undertaking  was  to  be  one  of  unusual  danger  and  many 
pinned  their  names  to  their  clothing  to  aid  in  the  identification 
in  case  of  death.  The  assault  formed  the  main  topic  of  con- 
versation during  the  remainder  of  the  night,  most  of  which  was 
passed  in  trotting  up  and  down  in  the  rear  of  the  line  in  a  vain 
effort  to  keep  warm.  The  men  did  not  fear  death  so  much,  but 
the  thought  of  receiving  a  bad  wound  and  being  left  to  suffer  in 
the  cold  and  perhaps  to  die  upon  the  field  was  not  pleasant  and  if 
they  looked  upon  the  undertaking  with  apprehensions  and  mis- 
givings, they  were  certainly  justified  in  them.  The  feeling  that 
there  was  to  be  some  awful  slaughter  in  the  morning  was  very 
strong  among  the  men,  so  strong  in  fact,  that  many  called  to 
the  little  drummer  boys  and  gave  to  them  last  messages  for 
home  and  confided  to  them  trinkets  they  desired  should  be  sent 
to  the  family  at  home  in  case  of  their  being  killed,  as  they  ex- 
pected to  be. 

As  the  hour  of  eight  approached,  a  man  here  and  there, 
along  the  line,  would  crawl  to  the  top  of  the  ridge,  peep  over  and 
take  a  look  at  the  works  "which  in  a  single  night  had  been 
made  almost  if  not  quite  impregnable  to  a  direct  assault. ' ' 

Shortly  before  eight  o'clock,  the  Third  Brigade  was  ad- 
dressed by  General  Webb.  "We  are  ordered  to  charge  the 
enemy's  works,"  he  said,  "and  we  must  do  it.  Try  not  to 
break,  for  it  will  be  worse  if  you  do.  I  shall  go  in  with  you  and 
the  other  officers  will  go  also,  and  we  hope  we  shall  succeed. ' ' 

In  front  of  the  Second  Division,  fourteen  guns  looked 
angrily  down  upon  the  level  plain  over  "which  its  men  would 


BATTLE    OF   BRISTOE    STATION.  279 

have  to  pass  from  a  formidable  redoubt  surrounded  by  an  exten- 
sive abatis,  and, — so  it  was  rumored, — a  wire  fence  also.  There 
was  a  long  line  of  earthworks  and  the  rebel  flags  were  flying  as 
if  inviting  attack.  There  were  rifle  pits  in  front,  with  plenty 
of  fires  behind  them  and  the  Johnnies  were  seen  to  be  moving 
about  as  they  pleased. 

At  eight  o'clock,  General  Warren,  the  Corps  commander, 
who  was  to  conduct  the  assault,  passed  through  the  lines,  and, 
walking  to  the  top  of  the  ridge,  carefully  scanned  the  works 
with  his  field  glass.  All  eyes  were  turned  upon  him  for  he  was 
very  much  liked  and  the  men  had  perfect  confidence  in  his 
ability  to  lead  them  and  they  felt  that  if  there  was  much  doubt 
about  the  movement  being  a  success,  it  would  be  abandoned. 
Presently  he  returned,  mounted  his  horse  and  rode  away  The 
report  immediately  spread  that  the  general  disapproved  of  the 
attempt  to  storm  the  works.  It  was  clear  to  him  that  nearly 
all  of  the  men  who  should  be  wounded  in  such  weather  would 
die,  most  of  them  upon  the  field,  from  the  freezing  of  their  wounds. 
General  Meade,  in  company  with  General  Warren,  re-examined 
the  ground  in  front  and  at  half  past  eight  the  men  were  informed 
that  the  proposed  assault  had  been  abandoned.  General 
Warren,  ordered  to  assault  at  4  A.M.  had  taken  the  responsi- 
bility of  delay  until  he  could  represent  to  General  Meade  the 
enormous  strength  of  Lee's  works  in  front,  the  impossibility  of 
carrying  them  with  any  force  at  his  disposal,  and  the  terrible 
loss  which  must  ensue. 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  moved  a  little  farther  into 
the  woods  and  it  was  but  a  very  few  minutes  before  fires  were 
built  and  the  men  were  enjoying  steaming  cups  of  coffee  and 
bacon  broiled  in  the  grateful  heat  made  by  the  burning  rails  and 
brush-wood.  During  the  day  the  top  of  the  ridge  was  visited  by 
hundreds  of  men  and  all  were  astonished  at  the  amount  of 
labor  which  had  been  done  by  the  rebels  upon  their  works. 

"December  1st,  1S63.  Yerv  cold  this  morning.  Water  in  canteen 
froze  near  the  fire.      Ordered  to  pack  up  and  move  at  a  moment 's  notice. ' ' 

As  a  result  of  the  decision  of  General  Warren,  at  ten  o'clock 
on  the  night  of  December  1st,  the  regiment,  in  heavy  marching 


280  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

order,  faced  by  the  rear  flank  and  started  in  line  across  the 
stream, — one  of  the  forks  of  which,  further  down,  forms  the 
Mine  Run, — into  and  through  the  woods  beyond.  Upon 
emerging  from  these  woods,  the  column  took  up  the  line  of 
march  by  the  flank  over  the  Orange  Plank  Road  to  the  Rapidan 
which  was  crossed  at  Culpepper  Mine  Ford  at  daylight  on  the 
morning  of  the  2nd  and  the  march  was  continued  until  the  old 
camp  at  Stevensburg  was  reached,  at  about  4  P.M.,  the  men 
having  been  on  the  march  for  eighteen  hours  without  a  halt  of 
sufficient  length  to  enable  them  to  cook  coffee.  As  they  had 
started  soon  after  a  good  meal,  however,  there  was  not  so  much 
suffering  on  account  of  the  lack  of  food  as  for  the  lack  of  sleep, 
little  of  which  having  been  had  for  three  days  and  nights,  since 
they  had  crossed  to  the  south  of  the  river. 

During  the  larger  part  of  the  night,  the  march  was  anything 
but  steady,  on  account  of  the  wagon  trains  ahead.  The  men 
would  rush  along,  sometimes  almost  at  a  double-quick,  for  a 
mile  or  so,  stumbling  over  the  uneven  planks  which,  being  worn 
or  loose,  were  continually  flying  up  at  one  end  and  catching  some 
poor  fellow's  toes,  sending  him  sprawling  in  a  heap  of  dust, 
his  knapsack,  filled  with  winter  clothing,  greatly  accelerating  his 
fall.  Suddenly  the  column  would  come  to  a  halt  and  every  man 
would  drop  in  the  road,  just  where  he  stopped  and  in  a  second 
or  two  be  fast  asleep.  In  five  or  ten  minutes,  the  word  "For- 
ward" would  be  heard,  rousing  up  every  man.  Chilled  through, 
they  would  stumble  on  again  until,  warmed  up  by  the  rough 
exercise  and  the  heavy  loads,  the  perspiration  would  start  out. 
Then  would  come  another  halt  and  the  men  would  take  another 
chill.  Thus  it  was,  all  through  that  long  night, — sometimes  reek- 
ing with  perspiration,  and  again  -hivering  with  the  cold.  In 
some  places  the  woods  were  on  fire  and  the  smoke  added  to  the 
general  discomfiture. 

Through  this  campaign  the  men  were  in  heavy  marching 
order,  the  weather  being  so  cold  that  everything  that  could  be 
carried  was  needed.  In  one  of  the  companies  was  a  short,  fat 
German  who  carried  a  tremendous  load  for  a  man  of  his  stature. 
He  was  not  satisfied  with  carrying  one  man's  allowance,  but  gath- 
ered up  everything  he  could  find  and  hitched  them  on  to  his  knap- 


BATTLE    OF    BRISTOE    STATION.  281 

sack  by  contrivances  of  his  own  invention.  He  made  a  comical 
appearance,  waddling  along  on  his  crooked  legs,  under  his  big 
load.  Just  as  the  regiment  started  across  the  creek  at  Mine  Run, 
he  made  a  jump  and  just  reached  the  opposite  bank  when  his 
overloaded  knapsack  overbalanced  him  and  he  went  backwards 
into  the  cold  water.  He  kicked  and  clawed  around,  but  his  load 
held  him  down;  he  was  like  a  turtle  on  his  back;  he  could  not  turn 
over  or  get  up,  and  squealed  out:      "Help!  Help!  Mein  Gott!" 

Two  of  the  boys  got  hold  of  his  arms  and  yanked  him  out 
and  he  soon  looked  like  Santa  Claus,  with  his  knapsack  encrusted 
with  rce. 

The  enemy  followed  the  column  closely,  gobbling  up  many 
stragglers.  The  rear  guard  had  barely  time  to  cross  before  the 
bridge  was  taken  up. 

"December  3,  1S63.  I  am  about  used  up  today.  My  shoulders  and 
legs  are  lame  and  my  feet  very  sore.  Never  since  I  enlisted  have  I  been 
so  discouraged  as  I  am  today.  Here  we  are  marching  from  one  end  of 
Virginia  to  the  other,  wearing  ourselves  out  and  yet  nothing  seems  to  be 
accomplished  by  it.  I  am  willing  to  march  and  fight,  but  this  everlasting 
advancing  and  retreating  I  am  sick  of.  My  God!  Hasten  the  end  of  this 
accursed  war,  then  we  can  once  more  enjoy  the  privileges  and  comforts  of 
home  and  'never,  never  march  again.'  Received  .some  rations  today  and  not 
one  moment  sooner  than  needed. 

"December  5,  180 1.  Still  in  camp.  Have  had  nothing  but  hard 
tack  and  beef  for  some  time  and  miss  our  salt  pork  very  much." 


CHAPTER  XXXV 

CAMP    AT   COLE'S   HILL. 
RE-ENLISTMENT. 

On  the  7th  of  the  month  the  regiment  moved  to  a  point  three 
and  one  half  miles  southeast  of  Brandy  Station,  on  the  south  side 
of  Cole's  Hill  and  halted  to  await  the  rebuilding  of  the  railroad 
which  the  rebels  had  destroyed.  The  men  began  putting  up  log 
houses,  preparatory  to  a  winter's  stay  in  camp  and  many  fur- 
loughs were  issued. 

"December  9,  1863.  Commenced  our  houses  today.  Cannot  get 
along  very  fast,  as  we  have  but  one  axe  for  seven  men.  However,  we 
have  got  all  our  logs  up. 

"December  10,  1863.  Plastered  up  the  chinks  with  mud,  making 
our  house  quite  tight.     Our  fire  place  and  door  will  be  in  front. 

"December  11,  1863.  Built  our  fire-place  today.  Policing  tonight 
on  account  of  inspection  tomorrow  morning  at  nine  o'clock." 

While  encamped  at  Cole's  Hill  at  this  time,  the  question  of 
re-enlistment  was  discussed,  in  all  its  forms,  by  the  veterans. 
The  memoirs  of  Captain  Adams  give  interesting  little  anecdotes 
regarding  this  matter  as  it  was  discussed  by  the  men  of  Company 
A,  which  then  numbered  but  thirteen. 

He  says:  "Ben  Falls  said,  'Well,  if  new  men  won't  finish 
this  job,  old  men  must,  and  as  long  as  Uncle  Sam  wants  a  man, 
here's  Ben  Falls.'  Then  spoke  Mike  Scannell:  'It  is  three  years 
since  I  have  seen  my  wife  and  children.  I  had  expected  to  go 
home  when  my  time  was  out  and  stay  there,  but  we  must  never 
give  up  this  fight  until  we  win  and  I  am  with  you  to  the  end.' 
Others  expressed  themselves  in  the  same  way,  and  when  the 
word  was  given, — 'All  who  will  re-enlist,  step  one  pace  to  the 
front' — every  man  advanced.  In  Company  C,  Ed.  Fletcher 
said:  'They  use  a  man  here  just  as  they  do  a  turkey  at  a  shooting 
match, — fire  at  it  all  day  and  if  they  don't  kill  it,  they  raffle  it  off 
(282) 


CAMP   AT   COLE'S   HILL.  283 

in  the  evening;  so  with  us,  if  they  can't  kill  you  in  three  years, 
they  want  you  for  three  more,  but  I'll  stay. ' 

Many  declared  that  they  would  not  serve  again  in  any  in- 
fantry regiment  and  expressed  a  preference  for  the  heavy  artillery 
as  it  was  always  stationed  in  a  fort  where  the  work  was  not  so 
hard  and  the  danger  not  quite  so  great. 

The  subject  of  re-enlistment,  as  discussed  around  the  camp 
fires  during  this  winter,  is  adequately  explained  by  Sergt.  Foster 
thus :  Although  the  grade  of  Lieutenant  General  was  not  revived 
until  Feb.  26th,  1864 — on  which  date  Gen.  Grant  was  nominated 
and  promptly  confirmed^it  was  generally  believed  that  the  rank 
would  be  revived  and  that  Grant  would  be  the  man  and  that  he 
would  command  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  person.  This  be- 
lief was  a  patent  influence  on  the  re-enlistments.  We  believed 
that  his  coming  would  inaugurate  a  new  era  in  the  movements  of 
the  army  and  that  there  would  be  no  more  running  up  and  strik- 
ing a  blow  at  Lee  and  then  skulking  back  toward  Washington. 
We  reasoned  thus:  our  time  will  not  be  up  until  the  28th  of  next 
August,  the  campaign  will  be  opened  early  in  the  spring,  we  are 
near  the  rebel  lines  of  fortifications — one  or  two  day's  march  will 
bring  us  to  them— and  before  our  term  of  enlistment  expires 
some  of  the  heaviest  fighting  will  have  been  done  and,  perhaps, 
Richmond  itself  captured;  during  that  time  many  of  us  will  be 
killed  and  many  maybe  captured  and  have  to  stay  in  rebel  prisons 
for  months  (and  just  this  thing  did  happen  and  many  who  did 
not  re-enlist  remained  in  prison  long  after  their  term  of  service 
had  expired).  If  we  re-enlist,  we  get  the  bounty  and,  what  is 
better,  a  furlough  home  to  see  our  relatives  and  friends  and  to 
have  a  good  time  and  to  come  back  much  better  and  in  a  more 
contented  frame  of  mind  to  enter  the  campaign.  Accordingly 
after  much  discussion,  enough  agreed  to  re-enlist  to  insure  our 
return  home  as  a  regiment. ' ' 

In  justice  to  the  veterans  it  should  be  said  that  a  very  large 
majority  of  them  would  have  re-enlisted  in  any  event.  The 
greater  portion  of  them  felt  that  whatever  might  be  their  legal 
obligations,  their  real  term  of  service  could  only  be  closed  by  the 
entire  suppression  of   the  rebellion,   and  that  while  a  man  re- 


284  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT 

mained  in  arms  against  the  honor  and  authority  of  the  nation, 
it  was  their  sacred  duty  to  remain  in  arms  for  his  overthrow. 

On  the  21st  of  December  regimental  line  was  formed  by 
Maj.  Rice  and  145  of  the  men  were  mustered  out  of  the  service 
of  the  United  States.  They  then  took  off  their  caps,  raised  their 
right  hands,  repeated  the  oath  and  in  a  few  moments  were  trans- 
formed into  Veterans  entitled  to  wear  the  service  stripes  of  two 
enlistments.  They  had  re-enlisted  for  "Three  years  or  during 
the  war. ' '  Only  about  forty  members  of  the  regiment  declined 
to  re-enlist  and  the  others  remaining,  not  having  been  in  the  ser- 
vice for  two  years,  could  not  do  so. 

The  scene  when  these  men,  veterans  of  many  terrible  cam- 
paigns, stood  in  line  and  took  the  oath  a  second  time  was  worthy 
the  immortalizing  stroke  of  an  artist's  brush.  In  no  other  event 
during  the  entire  war  was  real  patriotism  more  truly  displayed. 
Each  of  the  men  knew  just  what  war  was.  He  had  expe- 
rienced it,  had  seen  his  comrades  swept  away  by  shot  and  shell 
and  foul  disease  and  his  regiment  dwindle  until  only  a  remnant 
of  its  former  strength  remained.  These  veterans  did  not  have 
in  their  second  enrollment  the  inspiration  and  excitement  of  war 
meetings  or  the  novelty  of  new  gold-trimmed  uniforms  to  urge 
them  on,  but  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  duties  required,  the 
hardships  to  be  endured,  and  the  probability  that  many  would 
either  be  killed  or  wounded  before  their  term  expired. 

Men  who  re-enlisted  on  December  21st,  1863,  at 
Stevensburg,   Va. 

non-commissioned  officers  and  men: 
Wm.  M.  Curtis,  Sergeant  Major. 
George  M.  Ritchie,  Quartermaster  Sergeant. 
James  P    Clare,  Principal  Musician. 
Co.  A.         Giles  D.  W   Johnson,  First  Sergeant. 
Benjamin  F.  Falls,  Sergeant. 
Samuel  A.  Bridges,  Sergeant. 
Edwin  R.  Bartlett,  Corporal. 


camp  at  cole's  hill.  285 


James  H.  Lord,  Musician. 

Charles  Bradley. 

Richard  Burrill. 

Abram  A.  Dow 

Albert  H.  Greenleaf. 

Darius   Johonnet. 

Peter  Stillman. 

Michael  Scannell. 
Co.  B.        Francis  Osborn,  First  Sergeant. 

George  B.  Borden,  Sergeant. 

Patrick  Berry,  Corporal. 

George  W   Cain,  Corporal. 

William  B.  Blair,  Wagoner. 

Charles  A.  Alley. 

William  P    Edwards. 

Adolph  Mahnitz. 

Timothy  O'Connell. 

Charles  Preston. 

Thomas  Riley. 

James  Strange. 

Stephen  J.  Younger. 
Co.   C.       Milton  Ellsworth,  First  Sergeant. 

Benjamin  F   Hall,  Sergeant. 

Benjamin  H.  Jellison,  Sergeant. 

George  E.  Breed,  Corporal. 

James  Morse,  Corporal. 

Richard  R.  Foster,  Corporal. 

Moses  R.  Littlefield,  Wagoner. 

Richmond  L.  Pillsbury,  Musician. 

Eben  Colby. 

William  E.  Fletcher. 

James  H.  Heath. 

Coloneus  Morse. 

Ernest  A.  Nichols. 

Edwin  C.  D.  Saunders. 

John  II.  Steele. 

Charles  W   Tibbetts. 
Co.   D.       Benjamin  W    Russell,  First  Sergeant. 


286  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Charles  P    Welch,  Sergeant. 

Charles  K.  Hills,  Corporal. 

Joshua  Kendall,  Musician. 

Ira  Weston,  Wagoner. 

John  Brill. 

Clarence  P  Crane. 

John  Cavanaugh. 

Erastus  Cousins. 

William  Heffron. 

Henry  Lee. 

John  Moses. 

Nathan  Walden. 
Co.  E.       Samuel  E.  Viall,  First  Sergeant. 

Daniel  Corrigan,  Sergeant. 

James  Clark,  Sergeant. 

Phillip  Dunn,  Sergeant. 

Terrence  Gormley,  Corporal. 

Timothy  Leary,  Wagoner. 

James  Allen. 

John  C.  Howe. 

John  F    Jordan. 

Edwin  C.  Maloney. 
Co.  F-       Cornelius  Linnehan,  First  Sergeant. 

Hugh  McPartland,  Sergeant. 

Moses  P  Bixby,  Sergeant. 

James  Farrell,  Corporal. 

William  Stewart,  Musician. 

Joseph  I.  Seavey,  Wagoner. 

Johnson  Achison. 

George  N.  Burgess. 

William  Gibbons. 

Steven  Hawes. 

Michael  O 'Leary. 

John  Lee. 

Nahum  Morrison. 

William  Smith. 

Enoch  C.  Kenney. 

William  H.  Wakefield. 


CAMP    AT    COLE'S   HILL.  287 


Co.  G.       Charles  B.  Brown,  Sergeant. 

John  P   Condon,  Sergeant. 

Robert  J.  Gamble,  Sergoant. 

William  H.  Tibbetts,  Sergeant. 

William  H.  Clark,  Corporal. 

George  E.  Morse,  Corporal. 

Elijah  H.  Mansur,  Corporal. 

William  H.  Lambert,  Corporal. 

John  C.  Copp,  Musician. 

Thomas  P.  Costello,  private. 

Daniel  Daly. 

John  Egan. 

Edward  Golden. 

James  McCarty. 

John  McManus. 

Daniel  F.  McNeal. 

Peter  Nulty. 

Samuel  G.  Snellen. 

Levi  Woofindale. 
Co.  H.       Albert  C.  Douglas,  First  Sergeant. 

William  A.  Stone,  Sergeant. 

George  B.  Simonds,  Sergeant. 

Charles  Cross,  Corporal. 

Edward  E.  Powers,  Corporal. 

William  H.  Bingham. 

John  H.  Gate. 

Samuel  Cottle. 

Samuel  Diver. 

Francis  McRuma. 

Benjamin  Lummas. 

Thomas  A.  Morse. 

John  Restall,  Jr. 

Augustus  E.  Soper. 

William  J.  Tirrell. 

Joshua  Very. 

John  Very. 

John  A.  Wilson. 


288  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Co.  I.        Daniel  Treadley,  Sergeant. 
James  Corrigan,  Sergeant. 
Jonathan  T.  Ross,  Sergeant. 
Joseph  H.  DeCastro,  Corporal. 
Daniel  Murphy,  Musician. 
Michael  Callopy. 
Frank  Chandler. 
George  McKenna. 
John  Rourke. 

Co.   K.       William  A.  McGinnis,  First  Sergeant. 
Patrick  Nolan,  Sergeant. 
J.  L.  Smith,  Sergeant. 
Joseph  Libby,  Sergeant. 
Joseph  Burns,  Sergeant. 
Joseph  E.  Hodgkins,  Corporal. 
Edward  Williams,  Corporal. 
Archibald  Buchanan,  Corporal. 
David  J.  M.  A.  Jewett,  Corporal. 
Patrick  W-  Harvey. 
John  W   Hayes. 
Thomas  B.  Homans. 
Exor  Oliver. 
Edwin  B.  Pratt. 
Edward  W-  Schoff. 
James  B.  Wiggin. 

Re-enlisted  in  January: 


Jan.  4th  Co. 

A. 

John  McCammon,  Musician. 

24th 

Co. 

C. 

Horatio  Fellows. 

4th 

Co. 

D. 

Nelson  E.  Knights,  Sergeant. 

4th 

Co. 

D. 

Patrick  Fitzgerald. 

24th 

Co. 

D. 

Abram  F.  Warner,  Corporal. 

24th 

Co. 

B. 

Patrick  Cronan. 

4th 

Co. 

E. 

Mark  Gorey. 

4th 

Co. 

F. 

Mathias  Bixby,  Sergeant. 

4th 

John  P  Small,  Commissary  Sergeanr-.N.C.S 

CAMP    AT   COLE  S    HILL. 


289 


1863.— ANNUAL  RETURN   OF  THE  ALTERATIONS    AND    CASU- 
ALTIES,  INCIDENT  TO  THE  NINETEENTH   REGIMENT 
OF  MASSACHUSETTS  VOLUNTEERS  DURING 
THE    YEAR   1863. 

DESIGNATIONS    OF    POSTS    AND    STATIONS    AT    WHICH 
THE    DEATHS,    DESERTIONS,    ETC.    OCCURRED. 


Dis- 
charged 

Deaths 

Deser- 
tions 

Appre- 
hensions 

Falmouth,    Va. 

25 

23 

22 

38 

Fredericksburg,    Va. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Occoquan,   Va. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Thoroughfare    Gap,    Va. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Gettysburg,    Pa. 
Williamsport,    Md. 
Mooneville,    Md. 

0 
0 
0 

11 

0 
0 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

4 

Warrenton    Junction,    Va. 

0 

0 

15 

Morrisville,  Va. 

0 

0 

15 

5 

Raccoon  Ford,  Va. 

0 

0 

18 

8 

Mitchell's  Station,   Va. 

1 

0 

0 

0 

Bristoe  Station,   Va. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Centreville,  Va. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Warrenton,  Va. 

0 

0 

12 

3 

Berry  Hill,  Va. 

Robinson's   Cross  Roads,   Va. 

0 
0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 
3 

Stevensburg,  Va.  re-enlisted. 
General  Hospital. 

150 
227 

1 

12 

4 
0 

1 
0 

DESIGNATION    OF    COMPANIES    IN    WHICH    THE 
CASUALTIES    OCCURRED. 
Deaths 


Non-Coinmissioned  Officers, 
Co.  A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 
G. 
II. 
I. 
K. 


0 
8 
5 
5 
5 
5 
G 
2 

4 
6 


Deser- 

A ppre- 

tions 

hensions 

0 

0 

5 

10 

7 

8 

14 

11 

14 

7 

7 

2 

10 

3 

15 

C) 

10 

(i 

s 

3 

9 

9 

4S 


89 


C>5 


290  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  there  was  a  change  in  the  staff  of 
surgeons,  assistant  surgeon  W  D.  Knapp  being  dismissed  by 
S.  O.  534,  War  Dept.,  and  Dr.  Gustavus  P  Pratt  being  mus- 
tered in  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  regimental  return  for  January,  1864,  records  the  follow- 
ing changes  and  transfers: 

Colonel  Arthur  F.  Devereux,  on  detached  service  in  com- 
mand 2nd  Brigade  2nd  Division  2nd  Corps. 

Lieut.  Col.  Edmund  Rice,  in  command  of  regiment. 
Co.  A.       Captain  Isaac  H.  Boyd,  on  detached  service  S.  O.  171, 
2nd  Corps,  July  27,  1863. 
First  Lieutenant  William  F    Rice,  in  command  of 
company 
Co.  C.       Capt.  William  L.  Palmer,  A.A.I. G.,  2nd  Div.  2nd 
Corps. 
First  Lieut.  William  M.  Curtis,  acting  adjutant. 
Second    Lieut.    Joseph    W     Snellen,    in    command. 
Present  sick.     Transferred  from  Co.  I,  Jan.  22,  1864. 

Co.  H.       First  Lieut.  Charles  S.  Palmer,  in  command  of  com- 
pany. 

Loss. 
Recruits  transferred  to  Twentieth  Massachusetts  Regiment, 
Jan.  14,  1864,  by  Special  Order  11,  Army  of  Potomac. 

Co.  A.  Privates  James  Boyle. 

Michael  Burke. 
Henry  Bode. 
Daniel  Burray. 
Thomas  Mack. 
Thomas  Ripley. 
Charles  Trapp. 
James  Benedict. 
George  Collins. 
James  F  Aytoun. 
Samuel  Goodnow. 
Henry  Brailey. 
Charles  Brown. 
Henry  Bartlett. 
Thomas  Dawson. 


CAMP    AT    COLE'S    HILL.  291 


Co.  B.  Charles  Abraham. 

Frank  Bartley. 

Henry  Connor. 

Charles  Cook. 

James  Cooper. 

David  G.  Copp. 

Philip  Carey. 

Duncan  Crawford. 

Andrew  Cronan. 

Francis  W   Devine. 

William  Dow. 

Stephen  Doer. 

Edward  Dillon. 

John  F  Jordan. 
Co.  C.  Edward  C.  Doherty. 

Thomas  A.  Dow 

Reuben  B.  Dow 

James  Eckelman. 

James  Eldridge. 

John  Fisher. 

John  Farren. 

Winslow  P   Eayers. 

Robert  H.  Eastman. 

Joseph  Frey 

George  Riese. 

John  Davis. 

William  Barnes. 
Co.   D.  James  Dunn. 

John  W-  Gallagher. 

Henry  G.  Fuller. 

Michael  Hogan. 

Philip  Hunt. 

William  Hamilton. 

Charles  Harris. 

Fred  W   Hubner. 

Andrew  P    Green. 

Michael  Gahagin. 


292  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Co.  D.  Frank  Heill. 

Charles  Ferguson. 

William  Smith. 
Co.   E.  William  Johnson,  Corporal. 

Julius  Rieser. 

James  M.  Harrison. 

Henry  Hagedon. 

Michael  Holligan. 

Alfred  Horstman. 

Peter  Kennedy. 

William  B.  Kelley. 

Rodney  King. 

Michael  Kenney. 

George  Jones. 

Robert  Slocum. 

Henry  Urban. 
Co.  F  Charles  Lynch,  Corporal. 

George  Doherty. 

Jeremiah  Lucius. 

John  Larouche. 

James  Lynch. 

Frank  Lopez. 

William  Marshall. 

John  McDonald. 

Charles  Matthews. 

John  M.  Duncan. 

John  Mack. 

Philip  Morton. 

Nelson    E.     Knights,     Sergeant    (re-enlisted 

Jan.  3.) 
Co.   G.  Daniel  Daley  (Jan.  27th, "to  Co.  I.) 

James  N.  Barrett. 

Lewis  McCrillis. 

John  Wheeling. 

Thomas  Waters. 

John  Young. 

Joseph  A.  White. 


CAMP    AT    COLE'S    HILL.  293 

Co.  G.  William  White. 

George  Wood. 

Lewis  Waldick. 
Co.   H.  Florence  McCarty 

Charles  Mortimer. 

Dominick  McTague. 

Henry  Mattieson. 

John  McCaul. 

Charles  A.  Mohr. 

John  Nieur. 

Peter  Rooney. 
Co.  I.  Daniel  Murphy,  Musician  (transferred  Jan. 

23  to  Co.  F.) 

Hugh  Armstrong. 

George  Burnham. 

John  Fitzgerald. 

Michael  Mulligan. 

Patrick  Neill. 

Haven  K.  Perkins. 

John  B.  Rinaldie. 

James  O.  Sherman. 

David  Scanlan. 

Fritz  Schiverin. 
Co.   K.  James  McGuckin. 

William  Smith,  1st. 

William  Smith,  2nd. 

Michael  Smith. 

John  Smith. 

Hans  W    Schults. 

James  Sullivan. 

James  Tyler. 

John  Tuttle. 

Christopher  Trembo. 

Michael  Welsh. 

John  Williams. 

Patrick  Williams. 

James  B.  Wiggan.  (.fan.  22nd  to  Co.  A.) 
Total  124, 


294         the  nineteenth  massachusetts  regiment. 

January  : 

Commissioned  officers  present,      11 

Enlisted  men  present,  157 

Commissioned  officers  absent,       16 

Enlisted  men  absent,  151 

27  308 

Recruits  required,  677 

Capt.  William  L.  Palmer,  who  was  commissioned  as  Major 
in  September,  1863,  held  this  position  until  Jan.  25,  1864.  Capt. 
Moncena  Dunn  was  commissioned  Major  during  the  winter 
of  1864  but  could  not  be  mustered  as  the  regiment  had  not  men 
enough  to  allow  three  field  officers  to  be  mustered. 

After  the  re-enlistment  of  the  men  there  was  difficulty 
about  their  being  sent  home  on  furlough  from  the  fact  that  the 
orders  read  that  this  could  not  be  done  unless  three-fourths  of 
the  volunteers  re-enlisted.  There  were  124  recruits  in  the 
ranks  and  as  they  could  not  re-enlist  at  that  time  the  command- 
ing general  claimed  that  the  necessary  three-fourths  of  the  regi- 
ment had  not  re-enlisted.  The  recruits  were  transferred  to 
the  Twentieth  Massachusetts  and  this  relieved  the  difficulty 
and  enabled  the  regiment  to  come  home. 

The  men  spent  the  time  after  their  re-enlistment  in  picket 
duty  to  a  large  extent.  Two  or  three  days  at  a  time  were  spent 
in  this  duty,  the  men  having  frequently  to  go  four  or  five  miles 
from  camp.  In  the  pleasant  weather  this  work  was  very  enjoy- 
able, it  being  a  welcome  change  from  the  dull  camp  routine, 
but  during  much  of  the  time  it  was  bitterly  cold,  wet  and  gloomy 
and  left  small  room  for  cheer  or  comfort.  Heavy  details  were 
engaged  in  the  daily  labor  of  building  corduroy  roads  through 
the  boundless  sea  of  stiff,  adhesive,  half-frozen  mud  that  stretched 
for  miles  around  Brandy  Station. 

The  camp  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment  was 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  southeasterly  slope  of  the  hill.  Near 
it  and  in  front  was  corps  headquarters;  on  the  hill  at  the  rear 
were  division  headquarters,  and  in  front  of  the  right  flank  of 
the  regiment  stood  the  tents  of  the  brigade  commander.  In 
fact,  the  camp  seemed  to  be  hemmed  in  by  general  officers. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 

RETURN    OF   THE   REGIMENT   TO    MASSACHUSETTS. 
BACK   AGAIN   TO    THE    FRONT. 

On  February  3  the  order  to  prepare  for  the  journey  home 
was  received  and  on  the  following  day,  when  they  broke  camp 
it  was  a  jolly  occasion  for  every  one.  The  two  miles  between 
the  camp  and  the  depot  was  quickly  covered  and  no  one  fell 
out.  Those  of  the  Nineteenth  regiment  who  did  not  or  could 
not  re-enlist  were  turned  over  to  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts 
for  duty  during  the  absence  of  the  regiment. 

At  the  depot  the  usual  delay  incident  to  army  railroading 
occurred,  but  finally  the  train  was  ready  and  the  regiment 
started.  Box  cars  were  furnished  for  the  men  and  they  "let 
themselves  out, ' ' — dancing,  singing  and  shouting  until  they 
were  hoarse. 

The  officers  who  returned  with  the  regiment  to  Boston  were: 

Colonel  Devereux. 

Lieut.  Col.  Wass. 

Major  Edmund  Rice. 

Acting  Adjt.  William  M.  Curtis. 

Quartermaster  Thos.  F.  Winthrop. 

Surgeon  J.  F.  Dyer. 

Asst.  Surgeon  C.  P   Pratt. 

Capt.  Moncena  Dunn. 

Capt.  Win.  L.  Palmer. 

Capt.  D.  C.  Mumford. 

Capt.  L.  J.  Hume. 

"Feb.  4,  1SI11.  Started  for  home  at  2.30  o'clock.  Arrived  at  Alex- 
andria, Ya.,  at  9  o'clock.  Had  supper  and  turned  in  in  one  of  the  old 
tobacco  houses. 

"Feb.  5,  lSlil.  Left  for  Washington  this  forenoon  and  took  the  cars 
for  Baltimore,  arriving  at  night.     Got  supper  and  turned  in. ' ' 

(295) 


296  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

"Feb.  6,  1864.  Started  for  Philadelphia  this  morning,  arriving  a 
little  before  dark,  got  supper  and  rested  awhile,  then  started  for  New  York, 
riding  all  night. 

"Feb.  7,  1864.  Arrived  in  New  York  at  6  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
Left  at  6  P.M.  for  Boston. 

The  journey  to  Boston  was  made  without  incident.  The 
regiment  arrived  at  4  A.M.  on  February  8th,  and  breakfast  was 
served  in  the  Beach  Street  barracks.  At  11  o'clock  line  was 
formed  and  the  regiment  marched  to  Fanueil  Hall  Square, 
through  crowds  of  people  which  filled  all  the  streets,  giving 
the  men  hardly  space  in  which  to  walk.  When  the  men  were 
conducted  into  the  hall  a  sight  greeted  them  which  at  once  put 
them  into  the  best  of  humor.  Their  poor  breakfast  was  for- 
gotten as  the  tables  at  which  they  halted  were  loaded  with  good 
things.  The  escort  of  the  regiment  were  the  Home  Guards  from 
Fort  Warren.  These  halted  near  the  platform  and  "Ordered 
Arms,"  their  muskets  coming  down,  as  one  of  the  Nineteenth 
said,  "All  together,  one  after  the  other." 

When  the  command  "Order  Arms"  was  given  to  the 
Nineteenth  there  was  one  tremendous  thump  as  the  butt  of 
every  musket  struck  the  floor  at  once.  There  was  not  one  of 
them  out  of  time  and  then  a  smile  of  satisfaction  wrinkled  the 
colonel's  face  and  a  cheer  of  approval  went  up  from  the  audience, 
which  packed  the  hall,  that  made  the  walls  shake.  It  was  one 
of  the  proudest  moments  in  the  history  of  the  Nineteenth,  and 
of  Col.  Devereux,  too,  as  it  had  been  through  his  untiring  efforts 
that  the  regiment  had  reached  such  perfection  in  the  manual 
of  arms. 

Governor  Andrew  was  unable  to  be  present,  but  Adjutant 
General  Schouler  welcomed  the  boys  home  in  his  behalf.  Mayor 
Lincoln  made  a  speech  brim  full  of  praise,  saying  among  other 
things:  "You  have  sustained  the  old  flag  with  unflinching 
bravery  and  our  hearts  have  beat  with  pride  as  we  have  heard 
of  your  exploits.  You  are  to  go  again  into  the  field,  to  gain 
new  laurels  and  perform  still  more  brilliant  achievements." 
General  Edward  W.  Hinks,  who  had  been  appointed  by  Gover- 
nor Andrew  as  a  special  aide  on  his  staff  at  the  reception  to  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  and  Colonel  Devereux  also  spoke. 


RETURN    OF   THE    REGIMENT   TO    MASSACHUSETTS.  297 

At  two  o'clock  the  regiment  started  for  Salem,  via  the 
Eastern  Railroad.  At  every  station  on  the  road,  booming  guns, 
ringing  bells  cheering,  and  joyous  shouts  greeted  the  train.  It 
stopped  just  outside  the  city  of  Salem  and  the  men  alighted, 
formed  line  and  marched  into  the  city  from  the  South  Fields 
amid  the  firing  of  cannon,  the  ringing  of  bells  and  the  cheering 
of  a  great  crowd  of  people.  After  a  short  parade  through  the 
principal  streets,  the  regiment  was  taken  to  Essex  Hall,  where 
another  bountiful  spread  was  served  by  the  ladies  of  Salem;  but, 
having  eaten  so  much  in  Boston,  the  men  did  not  eat  heartily  here. 

There  was  a  "Welcome  Home"  speech  from  the  mayor 
of  Salem,  another  from  General  Sutton  of  the  Cadets,  brilliant 
music  and  an  outpouring  of  love  and  warm  greetings.  From 
the  hall  the  regiment  marched  to  the  common  where  it  exhibited 
its  perfect  discipline  and  matchless  skill  in  a  drill  and  dress 
parade. 

The  regiment  came  near  losing  its  colors  here.  They 
were  only  ragged  remnants,  clinging  to  the  staves,  but  the  women 
grabbed  them  and  began  to  tear  off  little  pieces  as  souvenirs. 
The  officers  rescued  them  from  their  hands,  however,  and  finally 
came  the  order  to  "Stack  arms."  Then, — "For  thirty  days, 
break  ranks,  march!"  and  with  a  wild  cheer  the  men  scattered 
without  ceremony  for  their  homes. 

The  thirty  days  were  passed  in  a  round  of  pleasure,  the 
men  were  warmly  greeted,  received  everywhere  and  banquetted, 
and  in  a  number  of  places  "Veterans'  Balls"  were  given  in 
their  honor, — one  at  Rowley  being  especially  notable.  Several 
of  the  officers  were  presented  with  swords  by  their  townsmen 
and  the  brief  stay  at  home  was  in  every  way  made  pleasant. 

Colonel  Devereux  resigned  during  this  period  and  the  com- 
mand of  the  Nineteenth  fell  upon  Major  Edmund  Rice, — Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Wass  being  on  recruiting  duty  in  Boston.  To 
the  honor  of  the  regiment  it  should  be  mentioned  that  during 
the  time  it  was  on  furlough  in  Massachusetts,  no  one  of  its  mem- 
bers was  under  restraint  by  the  civil  authorities  and  the  com- 
mand reported  in  the  field  with  every  veteran  originally  fur- 
loughed.  There  were  with  it,  also,  a  number  of  deserters  who 
had  been  apprehended  by  the  officers. 


298  '  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  regiment  re-assembled  in  the  state  camp  at  Wenham 
and  at  2.30  P.M.  on  the  15th  of  March,  1864,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Major  Rice,  took  the  cars  for  Boston, — without  a  man 
missing.  Boston  was  reached  at  3.45  P.M.  and  the  men  marched 
to  the  depot  of  the  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad  where  they 
again  took  the  cars  for  the  front.  At  Groton,  Conn.,  they  left 
the  cars  and  embarked  upon  the  boat  for  Jersey  City.  At 
Philadelphia  a  stop  of  24  hours  was  made  and  again  were  the 
men  subjects  of  that  splendid  charity  of  the  sons  and  daughters 
of  Philadelphia, — the  old  Cooper  Shop.  The  single  gun  which 
always  saluted  the  arriving  regiments  gathered  at  once  from  their 
homes  the  noblest  of  her  citizens  to  give  aid  to  the  tired  soldiers. 

At  Alexandria  a  day  and  a  half  were  spent,  and  the  men 
made  the  most  of  the  time.  A  circus  was  showing  there  that  day 
and  in  the  afternoon  nearly  the  entire  regiment  visited  it,  many 
also  spending  the  evening  at  the  theatre. 

When  the  regiment  arrived  at  its  old  camp  on  Cole's  Hill  on 
March  20,  the  men  found  that  it  was  occupied  by  the  Seventh 
Michigan  which  had  returned  from  its  furlough  some  time  before. 
They  were  obliged,  therefore,  to  bivouack  on  top  of  the  hill  in  the 
open  air  and  found  when  they  awoke  on  the  following  morning 
that  there  had  been  a  snow  storm  and  they  were  covered  with 
several  inches  of  it.  For  a  few  days,  until  the  regiment  could 
prepare  a  suitable  camp,  the  men  were  divided  among  the  camps 
of  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  and  the  Seventh  Michigan,  while 
some  were  quartered  in  the  meeting  tent  of  the  Christian  Com- 
mission. 

Work  on  the  new  camp  was  begun  on  the  morning  after 
arrival.  The  snow  on  the  hill  to  the  left  of  the  old  camp  was 
scraped  off  and  logs  were  brought  to  the  spot.  Soon  the  men  had 
their  tents  logged  up  and  were  quite  comfortable.  The  men  who 
had  been  placed  temporarily  with  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts 
and  Seventh  Michigan  were  returned  to  the  Nineteenth  and  a 
number  of  recruits  were  received,  bringing  the  regimental  total 
up  to  300  men. 

The  weather  changed  very  quickly  and  the  ground  was  soon 
in  condition  for  drills,  which  were  at  once  begun  by  Major  Rice. 
Skirmish  drill  was  given  great  attention  and  one  or  two  drill 


RETURN    OF   THE    REGIMENT   TO    MASSACHUSETTS.  299 

masters  from  each  company  were  appointed  to  look  after  the 
recruits.  Their  task  was  not  always  pleasant,  as  many  of  the 
recruits  were  of  foreign  birth  and  could  not  speak  or  understand 
a  word  of  English. 

The  appointment  of  General  Grant  to  the  command  of  the 
Army  was  received  with  general  approval  and  all  awaited  his 
expected  visit  to  the  various  corps. 

The  regimental  roster,  dated  March  31,  1864.  shows  the 
following  record: 

Lieut.  Col.  Ansel  D.  Wass,  on  detached  service,  recruiting 
in  Massachusetts. 

Regt.  Quartermaster  Win.  M.  Curtis,  appointed  from  Co. 
C.  March  13th,  vice  Hill  appointed  Captain,  March  12th. 
Co.   C.       First  Lieut.  Elisha  A.  Hinks  in  command  Co.  C. 

Second  Lieut.  Joseph  W.  Snellen,  in  command  Co.  B. 
— First  Lieut.  Hale  and  Lieut.  Barrows  on  de- 
tached service. 

Co.   D.       First  Lieut.  Moncena  Dunn  on  detached  service,  re- 
cruiting in  Massachusetts. 
Second  Lieut.  David  T.   Chubbuck  in  command  of 
company. 

Co.   E.       Capt.  Win.  L.  Palmer  on  detached  service. 

Second  Lieut.  E.'A.  Hall,  Jr.  in  command  of  company. 

Co.  F.       Capt.  C.  M.  Merritt,  on  detached  service. 

First  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris,  in  command  of  company. 

Co.   G.       Captain   Dudley   C.    Mumford,  on  detached  service, 

recruiting  in  Massachusetts. 

First  Lieut.  John  B.  Thompson, in  command  of  Co.  K. 

Co.   II.       ('apt.  J.  G.  C.  Dodge,  on  detached  service  at  volunteer 

camp,  Readville,  Mass. 
Co.  I.         Capt.  William  A.  Hill,  on  detached  service  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 
First  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams  in  command  of  company. 
Co.   K.       Captain  Lysander  J.  Hume,  absent. 

First  Lieut.  William  R.  Driver,  on  detached  service, 
A.  A.  A.  G.,  draft  rendezvous,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


300         the  nineteenth  massachusetts  regiment. 

loss: 

Colonel  A.  F.  Devereux,  discharged  by  resignation, 

March  4th,    1864. 

gain: 

Recruits  from  depot,  March  23  to  March  27,  — 26. 

As  the  time  for  opening  the  spring  campaign  approached 
the  re-organization  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  into  three  corps 
caused  many  changes  in  divisions  and  brigades.  In  the  case  of 
Gibbon's  Division,  which  retained  its  number  as  Second  Division, 
Second  Corps, — the  Third  Brigade,  of  which  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  formed  a  part,  was  consolidated  with  the  First, 
under  General  Alexander  A.  Webb,  who  had  previously  com- 
manded the  Second  Brigade. 

And  thus  made  up,  the  brigade  consisted  of  the  Fifteenth, 
Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  Nineteenth  Maine, 
Forty  Second,  Fifty  Ninth  and' Eighty  Second  New  York  and 
Seventh  Michigan  regiments,  with  the  Andrew  Sharpshooters. 

Colonel  Devereux  having  resigned,  in  regular  order,  Lieut. 
Col.  Wass,  Major  Rice  and  Capt.  Moncena  Dunn,  were  pro- 
moted, dating  from  February  2nd.  Second  Lieut.  Wm.  A. 
McGinnis  was  made  First  Lieutenant  in  Company  K,  vice  Hill 
promoted  Captain. 

The  month  of  April  was  spent  in  perfecting  the  discipline 
of  the  regiment  and  preparing  it  for  the  sterner  duties  of  the 
campaign  Recruits  to  the  number  of  52  were  received  during  the 
month,  and  Horace  Hastings,  musician  in  Co.  E  re-enlisted. 

The  stern  duties  of  war  were  vividly  exemplified  on  April 
14th  when  a  member  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  but  who 
was  transferred  to  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts  when  the  others 
re-enlisted,  was  hanged  for  assault  upon  an  aged  woman  while 
he  was  drunk.  It  had  been  shown  that  he  left  his  post  while 
on  picket  duty  and  he  was  sentenced  by  courtmartial  to  be 
hanged.  The  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  did  everything 
possible,  even  to  petitioning  to  the  President,  for  his  reprieve, 
but  the  example  was  needed  and  the  request  was  refused. 

The  Second  Division  of  the  Second  Corps  was  formed  in 


RETURN    OF    THE    REGIMENT   TO    MASSACHUSETTS.  301 

a  hollow  square,  facing  inward.  The  man  was  placed  in  an 
open  wagon,  seated  on  his  coffin  and  accompanied  by  a  provost 
marshal  and  chaplain.  The  band  which  led  the  way  played 
the  Dead  March,  while  files  of  soldiers,  with  arms  reversed, 
marched  on  each  flank  and  in  front  and  rear  of  the  wagon. 
The  man  smiled  and  bowed  to  those  of  the  Nineteenth  whom  he 
recognized  as  he  passed,  and  when  he  reached  the  scaffold  in 
the  centre  of  the  square,  alighted  from  the  wagon  and  ran  up 
the  steps.  Before  the  black  cap  was  pulled  down,  he  said: 
"Good  bye,  comrades,  officers  and  men  of  the  Nineteenth. 
May  you  live  long  and  die  a  happy  death.  I  die  an  innocent 
man." 

The  next  event  was  on  April  22,  when  Lieutenant  General 
Grant,  with  other  general  officers,  reviewed  the  Second  Army 
Corps.  After  the  general  review,  the  Nineteenth  Massachu- 
setts, under  Lieut.  Col.  Rice,  and  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts 
under  Major  H.  L.  Abbott,  were  selected  by  Major  General 
Hancock  to  drill  at  Headquarters,  Second  Division,  in  the 
presence  of  the  commander-in-chief.  The  many  generals 
present,  including  Lieut.  Gen.  Grant,  and  Generals  Meade, 
Hancock,  Humphreys,  Warren,  Sedgwick,  Gibbon  and  Sheri- 
dan, expressed  much  satisfaction  with  the  admirable  discipline 
and  perfect  construction  of  both  regiments. 

After  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  had  been  drilled  in  the 
manual,  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts  gave  an  exhibition  drill 
in  fancv  batallion  movements  in  heavy  marching  order.  Gen- 
eral Meade  said  that  in  all  the  years  of  his  service  in  the  regular 
army  he  had  never  seen  the  proficiency  of  the  Nineteenth  Massa- 
chusetts regiment  in  the  manual  of  arms  equalled.  After 
the  drill  General  Grant  dined  with  General  Gibbon,  the  division 
commander.  The  day  had  been  perfect,  but  the  parade  ground 
was  verv  rough. 

After  these  events  the  monotonous  life  of  the  camp  was  not 
broken  until  May  1,  when  orders  were  ^iven  to  prepare  to  march. 
Five  days'  rations  were  to  be  carried  in  the  haversacks  and  ten 
days'  in  the  teams.  Each  man  was  to  carry  GO  rounds  of 
ammunition. 


302  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   KEGIMENT. 

"May  2,  1864.  Tore  our  huts  down  and  were  ordered  to  build  with 
only  one  log  and  cover  with  shelter  tents.  This  afternoon  we  were  visited 
by  a  terrible  whirlwind.  For  a  long  time  the  air  was  so  full  of  dust  that 
we  could  not  keep  our  eyes  open  and  were  compelled  to  go  into  our  tents. 
After  the  whirlwind  we  had  a  heavy  thunder  shower. 

On  the  first  of  May  the  regiment  numbered  350,  with  two 
field  and  ten  line  officers.  During  the  month  of  April  Captain 
Hume  of  Co.  K,  was  on  detached  service  in  Philadelphia. 

In  response  to  the  order  to  prepare  to  march,  nearly  every 
soldier  wrote  a  letter  home  and  also  sent  home  such  little  money 
as  he  had  on  hand,  through  Captain  Pearl,  the  sutler. 

None  of  the  ' '  Boys ' '  will  ever  forget  ' '  Ed.  Pearl. ' '  Origi- 
nally a  captain  in  the  First  Massachusetts,  he  had  become  the 
sutler  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  and  loved  the  regiment 
dearly  Generous  to  a  fault,  he  was  never  known  to  refuse 
officer  or  man  an  article  he  needed,  whatever  the  state  of  his 
account.  He  devoted  his  time  and  his  means,  outside  of  business, 
to  the  interest  of  the  regiment  and  its  members.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  popular  men  in  the  command,  and  justly  so.  The 
sutlers,  as  a  rule,  were  described  as  a  swindling,  hard-fisted  and 
grinding  race,  but  Pearl  was  not  one  of  these. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

THE    WILDERNESS   CAMPAIGN. 

On  May  3  the  regiment,  Lieut.  Col.  Edmund  Rice,  com- 
manding, broke  camp  at  10  P.M.,  joined  the  brigade  and  marched 
all  night,  crossing  the  Rapidan  at  Ely's  Ford  about  9  A.M.  of 
the  4th,  and  halted  for  one  hour  at  the  South  bank;  resuming 
their  march,  passing  over  the  field  of  Chancellorsville,  and  at 
5.30  P.M.  were  thrown  out  to  picket  the  woods  at  the  right  of 
the  plank  road,  remaining  on  picket  until  4.30  A.M.  of  the  follow- 
ing day,  May  5.  The  march  of  seven  miles  through  the  woods, 
was  continued  until  3  P  M.,  when,  having  gained  the  Orange 
and  Port  Royal  Road,  the  regiment  was  advanced  to  the  left 
of  the  main  road  to  guard  against  attack, — firing  being  heard 
from  the  front  where  General  Birney  and  the  Third  Division 
were  engaged  with  Hill  and  that  awful  campaign  was  begun 
which  was  not  to  end  until  the  last  day,  but  one,  of  the  dying 
year. 

The  field  in  which  the  halt  was  made  was  full  of  low  sassa- 
fras bushes  in  which  rabbits  made  their  homes  and  several 
rabbit  hunts  were  indulged  in.  After  lying  in  the  field  for  some 
hours,  the  regiment  was  moved  to  and  posted  across  a  road 
leading  from  the  Brock  Road,  nearly  in  front  of  the  Tavern. 
The  din  of  battle  was  still  heard  and  seemed  to  be  growing 
heavier  down  the  Brock  Road.  In  consequence,  the  division 
marched  back  over  this  road  and  as  they  hurried  along  over  the 
uneven  planking  the  sound  of  infantry  firing  showed  that  some 
severe  fighting  was  in  progress. 

An  abrupt  halt  was  made  and  the  muskets  were  loaded. 
The  road  at  this  point  was  literally  paved  with  overcoats,  blankets, 
and  surplus  clothing,  thrown  away  by  General  Birney 's  Divi- 
sion which  had  previously  gone  into  the  battle. 

The  Nineteenth  moved  to  near  the  Plank  Road  and  took 
up  a  position  behind  a  fence  which  had  been  strengthened  into 

(303) 


304  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

a  light  breastwork  by  piling  up  against  it  dead  wood  which  was 
found  in  abundance  in  the  Wilderness,  where  the  men  now  lay. 
Scattering  bullets,  flying  over  the  road,  showed  that  the  enemy 
was  not  far  away.  Before  dark  a  skirmish  line  was  sent  out 
to  act  as  pickets.  These  pickets  moved  forward  through  a 
perfect  tangle  of  underbrush,  vines  and  brambles,  through 
which  the  eye  could  not  penetrate  a  rod  in  most  places  in  the 
daytime,  and  even  then  the  foliage  made  a  screen  overhead 
through  which  but  a  few  straggling  sunbeams  found  their  way; 
in  the  night  it  was  not  possible  to  see  the  comrade  at  your  side. 
Nothing  occurred  during  the  night  to  annoy  either  pickets  or 
sleeping  troops  and  on  the  morrow,  May  6,  the  regiment  ad- 
vanced to  relieve  the  front  line  of  pickets,  and  forming  a  strong 
skirmish  line,  advanced  further  and  were  soon  hotly  engaged 
with  the  rebel  skirmishers,  who  were  forced  back  a  mile  or  so. 

The  woods  were  filled  with  underbrush  but  there  were 
frequent  open  spaces  and  through  these,  fleeting  glimpses  of  the 
rebels  were  obtained,  as  they  darted  from  tree  to  tree.  The 
enemy  took  refuge  frequently  in  the  thick  chaparral  and  could 
not  be  seen,  but  would  send  a  persistent  fire  into  the  advancing 
troops,  causing  them  to  halt  and  seek  cover  behind  trees  and 
hillocks. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  afternoon  the  line  was  drawn  back 
for  some  distance  and  then  moved  by  the  right  flank  and  halted 
some  rods  in  front  of  the  breastworks  along  the  Brock  Road,  at 
a  point  near  where  it  joined  the  Plank  Road.  Behind  these 
lay  troops  four  or  five  lines  deep,  awaiting  the  coming  of  the 
"Rebs."  There  was  a  slight  ridge  in  front  of  the  Nineteenth  along 
which  a  rebel  was  occasionally  seen  skulking.  Between  the 
regiment  and  the  road  was  a  thick  growth  of  young  trees  and 
bushes,  interlaced  with  vines,  a  tangled  mass — through  which 
a  path  wound  to  the  road. 

At  about  four  o'clock  a  tremendous  fire  of  infantry  broke 
the  stillness  far  to  the  right,  and  immediately  came  roaring 
swiftly  down  the  line  toward  the  Nineteenth.  Suddenly,  as  if 
springing  from  the  ground,  there  appeared  a  line  of  grey  along 
the  ridge.  Scattering  shots  were  fired  at  them  as  they  advanced, 
but  all  the  men  were  ordered  to  fall  back,  (the  trumpeter  sound- 


THE    WILDERNESS   CAMPAIGN.  305 

ing  the  "Assembly"  at  the  top  of  the  works)  to  the  breastworks 
and  the  regiment  was  quickly  reformed  on  the  opposite  side,  a 
little  to  the  left  of  the  previous  position.  The  "Rebs"  had  cap- 
tured private  Thompson,  of  Company  B. 

Behind  the  breastworks  the  lines  of  men  were  awaiting  the 
enemy  with  muskets  loaded,  capped  and  cocked  and  bayonets 
fixed.  The  regiment  lost  three  killed,  nine  wounded  and  seven- 
teen  missing. 

The  rebel  line  did  not  reach  the  position  taken  by  the  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  and  the  men  stood  in  line  and  fired  from 
the  works  until  the  fight  was  over.  The  breastwork  caught  fire 
and  forced  the  Nineteenth  to  occupy  the  one  which,  fortunately, 
had  been  built  as  a  second  line  on  the  other  side  of  the  road  on  the 
previous  day  Color  Bearer  Benjamin  Falls,  of  Company  A, 
received  a  painful  wound  in  the  arm,  but  pluckily  kept  his  place, 
declaring  that  "Some  fool  will  get  hold  of  the  color  and  lose  it.  I 
guess  I'd  better  stay  by." 

Since  early  morning  on  the  5th,  the  regiment  had  been  con- 
tinuously in  line,  either  marching,  skirmishing  or  awaiting 
an  attack. 

The  men  of  Company  C  had  not  slept  a  minute  during  the 
time,  having  been  on  picket  during  the  night.  It  was  supposed 
that  these  men  at  least,  would  be  allowed  to  bivouac  where  they 
were  but  shortly  after  dark  Company  C  was  again  sent  into  the 
woods  in  front  of  the  breastworks  to  do  picket  duty  for  another 
night. 

The  next  three  days  were  days  of  watchfulness  and  there 
were  many  skirmishes.  The  regiment  was  constantly  on  the 
move.  The  men  became  fatigued,  and  there  were  many  prostra- 
tions by  the  heat,  shifting  about  as  they  did  in  the  vicinity  of 
Todd's  Tavern  and  Spottsylvania. 

At  2.30  P  M.  of  the  7th  the  regiment  was  ordered  out  on 
the  skirmish  line  and  after  advancing  about  a  mile  discovered 
the  enemy  posted  in  a  dense  thicket  and  immediately  became 
engaged  and  after  fighting  all  the  afternoon,  drove  them  nearly 
a  mile,  and  at  (I  P.M.  returned,  under  orders,  to  the  works, 
having  nine  men  wounded.  Burnside's  corps  arrived  late  that 
afternoon. 


306  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Sabbath,  May  8th.  "Our  troops  were  moving  toward  Spottsylvania 
Court  House.  Being  out  in  picket  about  noon  we  were  drawn  in  and 
started  after  as  rear  guard.  Arriving  at  Todd's  Tavern,  we  saw  a  great 
many  of  the  wounded  of  the  Fifth  Corps  being  brought  in,  as  they  had  been 
fighting  all  the  morning.  While  on  the  march  we  had  considerable  fun 
at  the  expense  of  some  stragglers.  One  of  the  men  cried  out  "Close  up 
and  serve  your  country."  Another  "advance  in  line"  and  many  more 
funny  jokes  were  cracked  at  their  expense.  The  Sixth  Corps  charged 
the  rebel  works  near  here  today  and  captured  them.  It  has  been  a  very 
hot  day  and,  as  the  summer  is  advancing,  I  threw  away  my  woolen  blanket, 
not  caring  to  be  encumbered  with  unnecessary  articles." 

At  8  A.  M.  on  the  8th  the  regiment  moved  with  the  brigade 
as  the  rear  guard,  the  army  having  passed  to  the  left  toward 
Spottsylvania  during  the  night.  At  3  P  M.  halted  near  Todd's 
Tavern  and  remained  there  until  10  A.  M.  of  the  following  day, 
when,  going  back  a  short  distance,  formed  line  of  battle  in  an 
open  field  on  the  edge  of  a  belt  of  woods  where  the  regiment  threw 
up  a  defence  of  rails,  but  abandoned  them  later  and  moved  two 
miles  to  the  right  where  a  line  of  battle  was  again  formed  in  an 
open  field  in  the  rear  of  a  rail  fence,  guarding  the  flank  and  rear 
of  the  column  against  sudden  attack  by  way  of  the  Catharpin 
Road.  There  was  a  brisk  fire  between  the  skirmishers,  which 
lasted  some  time. 

Here  the  regiment  remained  until  4  PM.  and  then  moved 
forward,  southward,  and  crossed  the  Po  Creek,  halting  in  line  of 
battle  on  the  crest  of  a  hill  on  the  south  side  and  rested  for  the 
night.  At  daybreak  the  regiment  moved  forward  and  occupied 
the  woods  in  its  front,  and  lay  in  line  of  battle  until  10  A.  M.  It 
then  re-crossed  the  Po  (left  in  front)  and  marched  to  the  left  one 
and  a  half  miles  and  massed  for  a  short  time  in  a  dense  thicket. 

The  Nineteenth  then  advanced  into  an  open  field  imme- 
diately in  the  rear  of  the  hill,  where  it  lay  behind  a  fence  much 
exposed  to  the  enemy's  fire  and  lost  three  men  (among  them 
Garfield,  of  Co.  K).  This  field  was  hemmed  in  by  woods  on 
either  side,  shutting  out  the  wind  and  making  the  heat  harder  to 
bear.  Rations  were  issued  here,  consisting  of  hard  tack,  pork 
and  fresh  beef.  Many  broke  open  the  beef  bones  and  used  the 
marrow  for  butter,  spreading  it  on  the  crackers  and  putting  a 
sprinkling  of  salt  in  it;  not  a  very  healthful  dish  for  a  hot  day. 


THE    WILDERNESS    CAMPAIGN.  307 

At  one  o'clock  the  regiment  moved  at  a  quick  pace  from  the 
field,  to  the  right  and  front,  under  the  enemy's  fire  and  became 
the  front  line.  The  leaves  and  underbrush  were  on  fire  and 
the  men,  in  order  to  lie  down,  had  to  beat  out  the  flames 
with  their  caps.  They  were  immediately  engaged  with  the 
enemy's  sharpshooters,  continuing  so  for  two  hours  and  then 
charged  the  enemy's  works,  but  were  unsuccessful,  the  fire  of 
the  enemy  being  too  terrific.  Taking  advantage  of  the  slightly 
projecting  crest  of  a  hill,  the  regiment  re-formed  and  at  6  P  M. 
charged  the  breastworks,  but  were  again  repulsed  with  a  loss  of 
five  killed  and  18  wounded. 

During  the  night  the  regiment  threw  up  works  in  the 
first  line  of  battle  within  150  yards  of  the  enemy's  rifle  pits. 
At  11.45  P  M.  of  the  following  day,  (11th)  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  abandon  its  slight  works  and  form  with  the  brigade 
in  a  field  in  the  rear.  Making  its  way  back  through  the  scrub 
oak  to  the  road,  the  regiment  reformed  and  a  night  march  was 
begun  to  a  position  in  front  of  Spottsylvania. 

At  3  A.  M.  a  long  halt  was  made  and  the  men  were  ordered 
to  lie  down  in  line  of  battle  and  rest.  The  night  was  very  dark 
and  a  heavy  mist  had  followed  the  rain.  After  an  hour's  rest 
a  faint  cheering  was  heard  in  the  distance  which  grew  louder  and 
louder.  "Fall  in"  was  ordered  and  the  march  in  line  through 
the  forest  was  resumed  in  silence.  The  mud  was  deep,  the  little 
streams  swollen  and  the  undergrowth  thick,  but  at  daylight  the 
regiment  found  itself  in  a  field  at  Spottsylvania,  in  front  of  a  line 
of  Confederate  rifle  pits. 

The  fog  rolled  slowly  away  and  the  Division  was  formed  in 
line  of  battle,  close  to  the  rifle  pits.  The  line  extended  over  a 
knoll  at  the  left  and  along  the  woods  on  the  right.  The  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  being  the  guiding  regiment  or  battalion  of 
direction  of  the  Division,  preparatory  to  the  desperate  charge  of 
the  Confederate  position  at  "The  Angle"  which  General  Han- 
cock had  decided  to  attempt.  This  Angle  was  afterward  .called 
the   "Bloody    Angle." 

When  everything  was  in  readiness  the  men  were  cautioned 
to  be  careful  in  firing  at  first  as  some  skirmishers  were  out  infront. 
Then  came  the  order  to  move  forward.     As  the  line  entered  the 


308  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

woods,  Gen.  Webb,  commanding  the  Brigade,  stepped  to  the 
front  and  said:  "Men  of  the  first  Brigade,  we  are  ordered  to 
charge  the  enemy  at  this  point.  Keep  together  as  well  as  you 
can.  If  you  get  broken  up,  follow  the  colors  of  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts.  I  shall  go  with  you.  Forward!"  — and  away 
went  the  Brigade  as  did  the  rest  of  the  Corps  at  other  points,  on 
the  double  quick.  "Cheer,  boys,  cheer,"  cried  Gen.  Webb  as 
they  rushed  on. 

Fighting  had  already  been  begun  by  the  first  Division  and  the 
men  of  the  regiment  responded  lustily,  entering  the  jungle.  Mov- 
ing toward  the  front  for  a  short  distance,  they  entered  the  thick 
woods.  The  advancing  Nineteenth  was  still  cheering  and  the 
bullets. were  raining  thick  about  them.  A  number  fell  wounded 
and  among  the  first  was  color  bearer  Benjamin  F.  Falls,  shot 
through  the  body.     He  died  on  the  following  day. 

In  a  moment  the  rebel  fortifications  were  reached,  and  the 
Division  dashed  forward,  carried  the  first  line  with  a  rush  and 
Colonel  Rice,  with  a  part  of  the  Nineteenth,  jumped  over  the 
breastworks  and  then  dashed  at  the  second  line  where  some  of 
the  enemy  were  captured.  They  were  taken  entirely  by  sur- 
prise, many  not  having  turned  out  of  their  blankets.  Not  being 
supported  and  out  of  ammunition,  the  Brigade  could  not  hold 
the  position  for  more  than  an  hour  against  the  support  which 
the  enemy  brought  up  and  was  forced  to  retire  with  considerable 
alacrity.  There  was  no  support  to  hold  the  first  line  at  this 
point,  and  having  no  ammunition,  the  Brigade  was  obliged  to 
relinquish  its  hold  and  retire  through  the  woods.  While  thus 
retiring,  the  regiments  became  much  mixed  up  and  were  reform- 
ed about  half  a  mile  from  the  works  which  they  had  reached. 
They  remained  in  the  rear  of  the  Landron  house  for  a  few  mo- 
ments, while  coffee  was  made,  rations  eaten  and  cartridge  boxes 
re-filled.  Then  the  Nineteenth  moved  forward  with  the  Brigade 
and  took  a  position  near  "The  Angle,"  in  the  line  composed  of 
the  first  Division  and  other  troops  who  had  succeeded  in  hold- 
ing this  portion  of  the  line. 

Rain  had  been  falling  for  some  time  and  was  now  coming 
down  in  torrents.  The  storm  of  bullets  was,  however,  almost 
as  thick  as  the  rain  drops,  as  the  regiment  took  its  place  outside 


THE    WILDERNESS   CAMPAIGN.  309 

of  the  works  ,to  the  left  of  where  the  Brigade  had  entered  them. 
Settling  themselves  in  the  muddy  trench,  the  men  began  work, 
loading  and  firing  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Some  of  them  were  too 
much  exhausted  to  stand  up.  These  sat  down  on  the  edge  of 
the  trench  and  loaded  guns  for  the  other  men  to  fire.  Two  or 
three  were  sometimes  kept  busy  loading  guns  which  one  man 
would  fire.  The  smoke  hung  in  a  dense  cloud  all  about  as  the 
air  was  too  heavy  to  permit  it  to  rise. 

At  one  time  during  the  fighting  at  this  point  Captain  J.  G. 
B.  Adams  struck  up  the  inspiring  song,  "The  Battle  Cry  of  Free- 
dom." It  was  taken  up  by  the  singers  of  the  Nineteenth  and 
other  regiments  and  made  to  echo  over  the  hills  amid  the  rattle 
of  musketry. 

Once  in  a  while  the  fire  slackened  and  then  broke  out  with 
renewed  vigor  as  the  rebels  endeavored  to  retake  their  works. 
Ammunition  and  hard  bread  was  brought  up  by  pack  mules  and 
opened  in  the  rear  of  the  line,  the  men  helping  themselves  to  each. 

The  scene  was  one  to  be  remembered.  The  ditch  which 
had  been  dug  in  throwing  up  the  works  was  crowded  with  men 
from  different  states,  belonging  to  two  or  three  different  corps, 
soaked  with  rain,  their  faces  so  begrimmed  with  powder  as  to 
be  almost  unrecognizable;  some  standing  ankle  deep  in  the  red 
mud,  firing,  while  the  edge  of  the  ditch  was  lined  with  others 
sitting  and  loading  as  fast  as  possible  and  munching  hard  bread, 
the  crumbs  of  which  were  scattered  around  their  smutty  mouths 
and  besprinkled  their  beards.  The  mud  in  the  ditch  was  so 
thick  and  clung  to  the  boots  in  such  heavy  masses  that  it  was 
difficult  to  move  about.  The  men's  right  shoulders  were  thickly 
plastered  with  it  from  the  butts  of  their  muskets.  There  was  a 
battery  in  action  near  the  Landron  house  which  sent  shells  over 
their  heads,  so  near  as  to  keep  the  men  in  mortal  dread.  Soon 
a  relieving  line  came  in  and  the  men  fell  back.  Just  then 
a  shell  came  over,  struck  and  exploded  just  where  they  had  been 
standing. 

The  rebel  works  were  well  made;  on  the  inner  side  traverses 
were  built  at  short  intervals  for  protection  from  cross  fires, — the 
spaces  between  these  were  called  by  the  men  "Horse-stalls." 
A  dozen  or  more  men  could  crowd  into  each  space.     The  point 


310  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

where  lay  the  Nineteenth  marked  the  division  between  that 
held  by  the  rebels  and  that  by  the  Union  men.  Right  in  front 
of  the  Nineteenth  were  the  ' '  Horse-stalls, ' '  each  occupied  by  a 
few  rebels,  the  thickness  of  the  breastwork  being  the  distance 
separating  them  from  the  enemy. 

From  this  point  the  line  bent  back  for  some  distance  in  the 
form  of  a  bow,  around  the  knoll  or  ridge.  To  the  right  was 
the  wood  through  which  the  wild  charge  of  the  regiment  had 
been  made  and  in  which  the  line  extended, — but  there  was  an 
open  space  between  the  Nineteenth  and  the  woods,  unoccupied 
by  any  line.  Several  times,  the  rebels  in  front  raised  a  white 
flag  and  when  the  men  started  forward  to  see  what  was  wanted 
they  were  met  by  a  volley  which  sent  them  to  cover.  Once  a 
white  flag  was)  hoisted  over  the  breastwork  in  front  of  Company 
C  and  Edward  Fletcher  and  an  orderly  sergeant  of  some  com- 
pany in  another  Massachusetts  regiment,  mounted  the  works 
and  found  several  rebels  on  the  other  side.  The  sergeant  asked 
them  if  they  wanted  to  ' '  Come  in"  and  the  one  nearest  him  said 
that  they  did.  "Then  drop  your  guns"  said  the  sergeant, 
"and  come  over."  Instead  of  coming  over,  he  suddenly  raised 
his  musket  and  shot  the  sergeant  through  the  head.  Fletcher 
instantly  shot  the  treacherous  rebel  in  the  head  and  jumped 
back  among  his  comrades. 

The  men  of  the  Nineteenth  supposed  that  when  they  were 
relieved  they  would  be  withdrawn,  but  this  was  not  the  case. 
They  only  fell  back  a  rod  or  two,  re-filled  their  cartridge  boxes 
and  fell  in  again  with  the  line  around  the  knoll  where  they  kept 
at  work  until  night  closed  the  battle.  Whenever  the  fire  would 
slacken,  the  rebels  would  take  advantage  of  it  and  try  to  advance. 
Their  efforts  to  re-take  the  works  were  continuous  and  persistent 
and  only  by  constant  hammering  were  they  kept  down.  Hundreds 
of  pounds  of  lead  and  iron  were  thrown  by  both  sides.  The 
bullets  lay  on  the  ground  like  hailstones  and  the  ground  was 
furrowed  by  solid  shot  and  shell.  The  bodies  of  several  Union 
dead  lay  between  the  lines  on  the  ridge.  They  were  shot  through 
and  through  by  friend  and  foe  alike,  being  riddled  and  torn  to 
shreds  by  minie  balls,  their  uniforms  in  rags,  looking  almost 
as  if  they  had  passed  through  a  shoddy  mill ;  a  mangled  mass  of 


THE    WILDERNESS    CAMPAIGN.  311 

flesh  and  cloth  they  lay,  shaking  continually  as  the  bullets  struck 
them  from  either  side. 

One  gun,  with  limber  attached,  from  either  Gillis'  U.  S.  or 
Brown's  R.  I.  Battery, — a  section  of  each  being  brought  up  when 
the  breastworks  were  carried — lay  between  the  Nineteenth  and 
the  woods  in  line  of  battle.  Two  of  the  horses  were  killed  and 
the  driver  had  been  entangled  in  the  harness  and  killed.  Horses 
and  men  were  completely  riddled  by  bullets  and  there  was  not  a 
place  untouched  on  them  the  size  of  a  man's  hand.  Trees, 
some  as  large  as  a  man's  body,  which  stood  between  the  lines, 
were  shot  off  and  fell. 

Looking  back  in  the  light  of  history,  it  seems  as  though 
this  great  battle,  so  successful  in  many  ways,  might  have  been 
more  so  had  the  troops  been  differently  handled.  If  the  First 
Brigade  had  gone  forward  with  less  noise,  more  slowly  and  care- 
fully, keeping  a  better  line  until  the  farther  edge  of  the  woods 
had  been  reached  and  then  made  a  dash  in  a  more  solid  line, 
the  breastworks  which  were  carried  by  it  might  have  been  held 
until  supports  came  up. 

Gen.  Walker,  in  his  History  of  the  Second  Corps,  does  not 
mention  the  part  taken  by  the  First  Brigade,  Second  Division, 
in  the  charge  and  by  this  omission,  the  reader  of  his  work  is  led 
to  believe  that  the  Brigade  was  held  in  reserve.  Owing  to  the 
nature  of  the  ground  over  which  the  charge  was  made,  and  the 
confusion,  and  mixing  up  of  the  different  Brigades,  and  the  mist, 
he  no  doubt  lost  trace  of  Webb's  command  for  a  time. 

He  says:  "On  the  Union  side  the  confusion  had  become 
extreme.  The  long  lines  formed  for  the  assault  had  insensibly 
converged  as  the  salient  was  reached,  and  were  heaped  upon 
one  another.  Carroll  and  Owen's  brigades  of  Gibbon's  (the 
Second)  division,  which  was  formed  in  reserve,  had  been  caught 
by  the  wild  excitement  of  the  charge,  and,  dashing  forward  to 
the  front,  struggled  even  past  some  of  the  leading  troops  (First 
Division,  Second  Corps)  and  entered  the  Confederate  works 
on  Stewart's  Line,  almost  at  the  same  moment  with  the  brigades 
of  Mills  and  Brooks." 

But,  notwithstanding  General  Walker's  omission,  the  First 
Brigade  went  forward,  and  the  commanding  officer  and  a  number 


312  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

of  the  men  actually  entered  the  second  line  of  the  rebels,  the 
farthest  point  reached  that  day. 

General  Walker  further  says:  "This  enthusiasm  of  the 
charging  column  was  in  itself  commendable,  but,  taken  in  con- 
nection with  the  original  dense  formation,  it  had  led  to  an  unnec- 
essary and  dangerous  massing  of  the  troops.  Such  a  body  was, 
for  the  purpose  of  the  impending  collision,  scarcely  as  formidable 
as  would  have  been  a  single  well-ordered  line." 

During  the  battle  in  the  afternoon,  General  Hancock 
visited  the  line,  stopped  a  while  and  watched  the  powder-be- 
grimmed  men  shoot  at  the  rebels  and  eat  hardtack,  and  then 
rode  coolly  away  among  the  swift  flying  bullets,  at  a  walk. 

During  the  battle — so  closely  were  the  forces  engaged — 
several  color  bearers  were  shot  down  and  half  of  the  Nineteenth 
were  either  killed,  wounded  or  captured.  Among  the  latter 
was  Colonel  Edmund  Rice,  in  command  of  the  regiment,  and 
in  this  action  the  regiment  also  lost  one  of  its  bravest  officers, 
First  Lieutenant  John  J.  Ferris,  of  Boston.  He  was  shot  in 
the  head  during  the  charge  on  the  rebel  works. 

The  Corps  captured  5,000  prisoners,  including  Major  Gen- 
eral Edward  Johnson  and  Brigadier  General  George  H.  Stewart, 
over  thirty  stands  of  colors  and  18  cannon. 

Sergeant  Charles  B.Brown,  of  Co. G, bearing  the  regimental 
colors,  was  struck  by  ]the  fragments  of  a  shell  which  burst  near 
him.  His  right  leg  was  taken  almost  off  by  the  explosion,  and 
his  left  leg  was  badly  mangled. 

Just  as  the  Wilderness  Campaign  had  opened,  Sergeant 
Brown  had  received  from  Major  General  Butler  an  appointment 
as  First  Lieutenant  in  the  General's  department,  dated  April  26, 
1864.  Without  seeking  leave  or  orders  to  report  under  that 
appointment  he  had  put  the  document  in  his  pocket  and  entered 
the  hard  fighting. 

Immediately  after  being  wounded,  he  drew  from  his  pocket 
his  unused  commission  as  Lieutenant,  now  stained  with  his 
blood,  and  a  likeness  of  his  betrothed,  and  told  his  comrades  to 
send  these  home  with  the  news  of  his  death.  He  lay  upon  the 
battlefield  over  an  hour  and  then  was  driven  three  miles  in  an 
ambulance  to  the  field  hospital  where  he  died  early  on  the  follow- 


THE    WILDERNESS   CAMPAIGN.  313 

ing  morning.  Two  of  his  brothers,  James  and  Henry,  belonged 
to  the  same  Corps.  James  was  wounded  in  the  same  battle  and 
died  on  the  same  day  with  Charles. 

Major  General  E.  M.  Law  (C.  S.  A.)  in  his  report  in  The 
Battles  and  Leaders  of  the  Civil  War,  regarding  the  battle  of 
the  Wilderness  and  the  charge  of  Webb's  Brigade,  says: 

"The  Federals  (Webb's  Brigade  of  Hancock's  Corps)  were  advancing 
through  the  pines  with  apparently  resistless  force,  when  Gregg's  eight  hun- 
dred Texans,  regardless  of  numbers,  flanks  or  supports,  dashed  directly 
upon  them.  There  was  a  terrific  crash,  mingled  with  wild  yells,  which 
settled  down  into  a  steady  roar  of  musketry.  In  less  than  ten  minutes 
one  half  of  that  devoted  eight  hundred  men  were  lying  upon  the  field  dead 
or  wounded;  but  they  had  delivered  a  staggering  blow  and  broken  the 
force  of  the  Federal  advance.  Benning's  and  Law's  brigades  came 
promptly  to  their  support,  and  the  whole  swept  forward  together.  The 
tide  was  flowing  the  other  way.  It  ebbed  and  flowed  many  times  during 
that  day,  strewing  the  Wilderness  with  human  wrecks.  Law's  brigade 
captured  a  line  of  log  breastworks  in  its  front,  but  had  held  them  only  a 
few  moments  when  their  former  owners  (Webb's  Brigade)  came  back  to 
claim  them.  The  Federals  were  driven  back  to  a  second  line  several  hun- 
dred yards  beyond,  which  was  also  taken.  This  advanced  position  was 
attacked  in  front  and  on  the  right  from  across  the  Orange  Plank  Road, 
and  Law's  Alabamians  "advanced  backward"  without  standing  on  the 
order  of  their  going,  until  they  reached  the  first  line  of  logs  now  in  their  rear. 
As  their  friends  in  blue  still  insisted  on  claiming  their  property  and  were 
advancing  to  take  it,  they  were  met  by  a  counter-charge  and  again  driven 
beyond  the  second  line.  This  was  held  against  a  determined  attack,  in 
which  the  Federal  General  Wadsworth  was  shot  from  his  horse  as  he  rode 
up  close  to  the  right  of  the  line  on  the  Plank  Road.  The  position  again 
becoming  untenable  by  reason  of  the  movements  of  the  Federal  troops 
on  their  right,  Law's  men  retired  a  second  time  to  the  works  they  had 
first  captured.  And  so,  for  more  than  two  hours,  the  storm  of  battle 
swept  to  and  fro,  in  some  places  passing  several  times  over  the  same  ground 
and  settling  down  at  length  almost  where  it  had  begun  the   day  before." 

The  men  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment  cap- 
tured a  large  number  of  prisoners,  a  Rebel  color,  and  participated 
in  the  capture  of  the  cannon  and  in  turning  them  upon  the 
enemy.  The  command  held  the  works  until  dark,  under  con- 
stant fire,  and  then  was  ordered  to  the  rear  where  it  rested  for 
the  night.      On  the  following  day,  May  13,  it  lay  in  line  behind 


314  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

the  breastworks,  advancing  once  in  a  while  in  line  of  battle  but 
was  not  engaged.     Skirmish  fire  continued  all  day. 

The  rebel  color  mentioned  herewith  was  taken  by  1st  Ser- 
geant Viall,  who  was  badly  wounded.  He  offered  it  to  Col. 
Rice,  who  declined  to  take  it  and  ordered  him  to  go  to  the  rear 
with  it.  As  he  was  making  his  way  to  the  rear,  as  ordered,  he 
was  again  wounded  and  the  color  was  taken  from  him  by  a  staff 
officer.     Viall  died,  later,  from  his  wounds. 

The  14th  was  spent  in  comparative  quiet,  the  regiment 
being  on  the  skirmish  line,  however,  as  usual. 

"May  14,  1864.  Having  a  little  time  this  morning,  went  forward  to 
the  rebel  works  over  which  we  fought  yesterday,  and  saw  a  sorrowful 
sight.  The  Rebs  lay  thick,  piled  upon  each  other,  while  the  trench  in 
which  they  stood  while  in  life  and  health  was  ankle  deep  in  blood  and  water. 
Our  men  buried  them  in  the  graves  which  they  had  dug  for  themselves, 
i.e.,  in  their  trenches." 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 

THE    NORTH   ANNA    BATTLES. 

On  the  morning  of  the  15th  of  May,  1864,  the  regiment 
moved  to  the  left  and  rested  nearly  all  day.  In  the  evening  it 
occupied  a  position  in  the  rear  of  the  works  and,  together  with 
the  rest  of  the  brigade,  rested  for  the  night.  On  the  following 
day  the  regiment  moved  two  miles  to  the  right,  to  protect  the 
passage  of  the  corps  ambulance  train,  which  went  out  to  bring  in 
the  wounded  who  had  been  left  in  the  field  hospital  outside  the 
lines.  This  being  safely  performed,  the  regiment  returned  to  the 
bivouac  of  the  previous  night,  and  remained  in  quietness  until 
10  P.M.  of  the  17th,  when  it  occupied  the  works  taken  from  the 
enemy  on  the  12th. 

At  daylight  of  the  18th,  the  regiment  participated  in  a 
charge  against  a  point  in  a  right  oblique  direction  at  Ice  Grove. 
This  has  sometimes  been  called  the  Second  Spottsylvania  battle. 
The  Rebels  again  hastily  retreated,  but,  owing  to  the  concen- 
trated fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery,  the  regiment  fell  back  with 
several  killed  and  wounded. 

The  command  halted  and  rested  until  9  P.M.  when  it  was 
moved  to  the  left  some  four  or  five  miles,  marching  until  12.20, 
when  a  halt  was  made  and  the  men  rested  quietly  for  that  night 
and  the  following  day. 

"May  20,  1SIJ4.  One  of  the  deserters  who  had  returned  with  the 
regiment  from  Massachusetts  was  shot  this  morning  for  desertion  of  the 
colors  in  the  face  of  the  enemy  at  Laurel  Hill.  He  deserted  from  our 
regiment  about  two  years  since,  joined  another,  getting  a  bounty  for  so 
doing,  and  in  a  short  time  joined  still  another  getting  another  bounty, —  all 
of  which  was  taken  into  consideration.  He  was  pardoned  by  the  president , 
but  on  account  of  his  late  desertion  of  the  colors,  suffered  the  penalty  of 
death." 

On  the  20th,  quiet  reigned,  but  at  11  P.M.  the  order  to 
march   brought  the  regiment  again   on   the   move,   the  Second 

(315) 


316  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Corps  leading  the  advance  of  the  Army  still  further  to  the  left. 
The  course  lay  down  the  line  of  the  Richmond  and  Fredericks- 
burg Railroad.  The  men  marched  well,  having  been  refreshed 
by  the  recent  showers  and  rest. 

Bowling  Green  and  Milford  were  reached  on  the  21st  and 
the  column  crossed  the  Mattapony.  Here  the  regiment  was 
ordered  out  on  picket  duty,  where  it  remained  until  dark,  the 
men  exchanging  fire  with  the  enemy's  pickets.  Then  they 
rejoined  the  brigade  which  lay  behind  the  breastworks  and 
rested  for  the  balance  of  the  night. 

"May  21st,  1864.  At  Milford  Station  our  cavalry  had  a  fight  with 
the  enemy,  capturing  about  fifty  prisoners.  My  feet  are  pretty  sore  and 
I  am  pretty  tired.  Our  regiment  was  sent  out  on  picket  this  afternoon. 
At  about  dark  the  rebel  cavalry  made  a  dash  on  our  pickets,  but  were 
repulsed." 

At  7.30  A.  M.  of  the  23d,  the  men  resumed  their  march, 
advancing  at  a  rapid  rate  all  day.  At  dark  the  artillery  and  the 
skirmishers  became  engaged  with  the  enemy  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  North  Anna  river.  The  regiment  remained  "massed" 
with  the  brigade  all  night,  having  previously  moved  to  the  front 
and  thrown  up  breastworks.  The  regiment  crossed  the  river 
during  the  forenoon  of  May  24th  without  opposition  and,  after 
lying  in  line  of  battle  during  the  middle  of  the  day,  was  ordered 
out  as  a  skirmish  line  at  the  left  of  the  Fourteenth  Connecticut 
regiment.  Moving  by  the  left  flank  for  some  distance,  the  men 
advanced  immediately  through  the  grounds  of  the  Dawson 
Mansion,  crossing  an  open  field,  and  engaged  the  enemy's 
pickets,  driving  them  over  works  which  they  had  erected  on  the 
edge  of  a  belt  of  woods,  but  behind  which  they  did  not  rally. 

The  men  occupied  these  works  for  two  hours,  sending 
back  word,  meanwhile,  to  the  brigade  commander  that  if  re- 
enforcements  were  not  sent  out,  they  would  be  compelled  to 
abandon  them.  Suddenly  the  rebels  advanced,  came  in  over 
the  works  at  the  left  and  thereby  flanked  the  Nineteenth,  which 
was  compelled  to  retire  to  a  brook  at  the  rear,  having  lost  four 
killed  and  several  wounded  during  the  day,  while  nine  were 
prostrated  by  the  intense  heat.  The  regiment  was  on  picket 
on  May  25  until  5  P.M.  and  was  again  detailed  for  the  same 


THE    NORTH    ANNA    BATTLES.  317 

duty  on  the  right  at  9  P.M.  It  was  relieved  at  11  P.M.  on  the 
26th  and  re-erossed  the  North  Anna  and  rested  behind  the  works 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  river. 

On  the  27th  the  regiment  left  these  works,  under  a  fire  of 
shells  from  the  enemy,  and  moved  in  the  direction  of  the 
Pamunky  river.  The  men  were  feeling  in  good  spirits  during  this 
march  and  were  continually  singing  snatches  of  songs  and  joking. 
At  11  P.M.  the  line  halted  and  the  men  rested  for  the  balance 
of  the  night.  On  the  following  morning,  at  6  A.M.,  the  march 
was  resumed  at  a  brisk  pace.  The  Pamunky  was  crossed  and 
the  men  threw  up  a  line  of  works  upon  a  ridge  of  hills,  remaining 
there  for  the  night. 

The  29th  of  May  was  remarkably  free  from  firing  in  the 
front  and  the  best  part  .of  the  day  was  consumed  in  throwing  up 
a  substantial  breastwork  a  little  farther  to  the  left.  During  the 
night  all  was  quiet,  and  at  daylight  of  the  30th  an  advance  was 
made  through  a  thick  oak  and  pine  forest  to  Washington  Jones' 
house,  a  distance  of  two  miles.,  At  3  P.M.  the  Nineteenth  was 
ordered  out  on  the  skirmish  line,  where  heavy  firing  had  been 
going  on  all  the  afternoon.  At  5  P.M.  the  enemy  advanced  in 
line  of  battle,  but  were  handsomely  repulsed  without  loss  to 
the  regiment. 

On  the  morning  of  the  31st  the  skirmish  line  was  advanced 
and  the  rebels  were  driven  from  pit  to  pit  until  they  got  behind 
their  main  works  where  they  made  a  stand.  They  set  fire  to  the 
woods  and  this  communicating  to  some  of  the  rifle  pits  which 
men  of  the  Nineteenth  were  occupying,  forced  them  out.  There 
was  sharp  firing  all  day. 

Captain  Dudley  C.  Mumford,  of  Co.  G,  was  killed  by  a 
ball  through  the  head  during  a  charge.  He  was  a  noble  fellow 
and  loved  by  all.  He  joined  the  regiment  at  Lynnfield,  a  young 
boy  just  out  of  school,  had  been  promoted  from  Second  Lieu- 
tenant to  Captain  and  had  shared  every  march  and  battle  in 
which  the  regiment  had  been  engaged. 

When  relieved,  the  regiment  still  held  the  captured  works 
and,  during  the  night,  threw  up  a  strong  breastwork.  The 
position  at  this  time  was  about  three  miles  from  the  Chicka- 
hominy  river. 


318  THE   NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

On  June  1  the  regiment  was  engaged  as  a  skirmishing  line 
and  exposed  (although  without  much  injury)  to  the  enemy's 
shells,  but  the  desperate  struggle  at  Cold  Harbor  had  opened 
and  at  dusk  Gen.  Hancock  began  to  withdraw  his  corps  at  the 
left  of  the  lines. 

At  9  P.M.  the  men  were  called  in  and  marched,  during  the 
night,  about  12  miles,  the  road  being  very  dusty  and  the  heat 
intense.  They  bore  up  manfully,  although  they  had  been 
without  sleep  for  three  nights,  and  many  without  food. 

At  noon  on  June  2  the  regiment  arrived  at  Cold  Harbor 
and  the  men  again  moved  out  as  skirmishers  under  fire  of  the 
enemy,  but  suffered  no  loss.  At  night  the  brigade  was  massed 
in  a  hollow  a  short  distance  to  the  left  of  the  works  and  "turned 
in"  for  the  night.  Everyone  expected  hard  work  on  the  morrow 
and  none  was  disappointed. 

Just  after  midnight  on  the  morning  of  the  3d,  the  men  were 
awakened  and  given  two  day's  rations  of  hardtack,  coffee  and 
sugar  and  were  then  permitted  to  sleep  until  daylight.  Then 
they  formed  for  the  charge  upon  the  enemy's  lines  and,  after 
waiting  three  hours  for  the  order,  started  on  the  double-quick, — 
and  met  the  fate  of  all  portions  of  the  Union  Army, — heavy  loss 
and  nothing  gained. 

On  they  ran,  over  two  lines  of  works,  across  the  fields  which 
were  swept  by  a  terrible  fire  of  canister  from  the  enemy's  batter- 
ies, while  the  musketry  volleyed  terribly. 

Major  Dunn  was  struck  by  a  bullet,  and  fell,  but  rallied 
again. 

The  regimental  colors  fell  but  "Mike"  Scannell  of  Co.  I, 
picked  them  up  and  carried  them  forward.  When  the  line 
halted,  Major  Dunn  said,  "Mike,  you  keep  the  colors."  "Not 
as  corporal,"  said  Mike,  "Too  many  corporals  have  been  killed 
already,  carrying  colors. "  "I  make  you  a  sergeant, ' '  responded 
the  Major.  "That's  business"  answered  Mike,  "I'll  carry 
the  colors." 

The  severity  of  the  fighting  was  such  that  there  were  numer- 
ous changes  of  brigade  commanders.  First  one  Colonel  would 
receive  a  wound  and  then  another,  down  the  list,  until  finally  a 
Lieutenant  Colonel  commanded  the  brigade.     The  awful  fire 


THE    NORTH    ANNA    BATTLES.  319 

caused  the  line  to  break  and  it  was  obliged  to  halt  under  the 
brow  of  a  hill.  The  men  immediately  began  to  pass  up  rails 
from  a  fence  nearby  and  these  were  piled.  Then,  with  dippers 
and  plates,  the  dirt  was  thrown  up  until  a  good  line  of  work  was 
formed,  so  near  to  those  of  the  enemy  that  a  stone  could  be 
thrown  into  them,  and  a  man  could  not  show  his  head  without 
being  shot. 

While  this  was  being  done  a  call  was  made  for  a  corporal 
and  six  men  to  go  to  the  rear  for  picks  and  spades,  and  they 
started  upon  their  perilous  duty  The  rebel  sharpshooters  were 
firing  at  any  stray  soldiers  who  moved  across  the  field.  The 
little  squad  moved  at  double-quick  from  one  work  to  another, 
arriving  in  safety,  and  returned  in  the  same  way  with  the  imple- 
ments of  labor  and  with  these  the  work  was  carried  on  in  good 
earnest. 

In  the  engagements  during  the  day  the  regiment  lost  seven 
men  killed  and  wounded. 

First  Lieutenant  John  B.  Thompson,  of  Lawrence,  Co.  K, 
was  killed. 

Captain  Elisha  A.  Hinks  was  again  wounded. 

The  morning  of  June  4  found  the  regiment  still  close  to  the 
enemy's  works.  Before  daylight,  the  men  were  awakened  and 
moved  to  the  right  and  down  the  hill,  in  single  file,  to  the  point 
where  the  pioneers  had,  by  working  all  night,  thrown  up  another 
partial  line  of  works.  These  were  finished  by  the  men  of  the 
Nineteenth  and  by  daylight  they  were  almost  under  the  noses 
of  the  enemy  before  they  realized  it.  The  videttes  crawled  out 
of  the  works  and  moved  up  to  within  fifty  yards  of  the  rebel's 
position.  Then,  with  their  dippers,  they  threw  up  the  dirt, 
making  small  rifle  pits  from  which  they  watched  the  movements 
», of  the  "Johnnies." 

The  enemy  had  a  battery  of  three  pieces  directly  in  front  of 
the  position  of  the  Nineteenth,  but  did  not  dare  to  load  one  of 
them  because  of  the  Andrew  Sharpshooters  who  popped  over 
am  one  who  attempted  it.  The  Nineteenth  was  in  the  front 
line  of  battle  and  the  men  were  obliged  to  lie  very  low  on  account 
of  the  rebel  sharpshooters,  who,  during  the  day,  killed  two  men 
of  the  regiment. 


320  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

While  at  this  point  Corporal  Hodgkins,  of  Co.  K,  was  sent 
to  the  rear  by  Captain  Hume,  on  a  perilous  trip  with  a  message. 
Buckling  his  belt  tightly  about  him,  he  leaped  from  the  trench 
and  ran  for  the  next  line  of  works,  while  a  shower  of  leaden  hail 
from  the  enemy  fell  about  him.  After  resting  a  while,  he  ran 
to  the  next  line,  receiving  another  shower  of  bullets.  After 
making  several  such  runs,  he  reached  the  woods,  delivered  the 
message  and  returned  to  the  trench  under  a  heavy  fire  from  the 
rebels,  without  a  scratch. 

For  this  and  other  soldierly  conduct  he  was  promoted  to  be 
First  Sergeant  and  recommended  for  a  First  Lieutenant's  com- 
mission, which  he  received  on  his  release  from  Andersonville, 
six  months  later. 

The  6th  of  June  was  spent  in  comparative  quiet.  All  the 
men  were  greatly  fatigued,  having  long  been  deprived  of  sleep 
and  rest  and  being  turned  out  every  night  for  firing.  The 
videttes  of  the  regiment  in  front  were  connected  with  another 
line  of  works  during  the  day.  The  men  were  then  within  speak- 
ing distance  of  the  rebels  and  there  was  much  conversation 
between  them.  Firing  began  on  the  left  during  the  evening  and 
the  enemy  evidently  believed  that  an  attack  was  to  be  made  on 
their  centre  for  they  opened  with  musketry  all  along  the  line, 
keeping  it  up  for  some  time.  The  Union  battery  opened  up  on 
them  eventually  and  compelled  them  to  stop. 

On  the  7th  a  truce  was  entered  into  for  the  purpose  of 
burying  the  dead,  killed  in  the  charge  of  four  days  previous. 
Firing  ceased  and  both  Yanks  and  Rebs  met,  shook  hands, 
exchanged  papers,  tobacco,  coffee,  sugar,  etc.  The  evening  and 
night  were  spent  quietly  and  on  the  following  day  the  regiment 
received  11  recruits. 

The  truce  was  kept  up  until  the  morning  of  the  9th,  when* 
firing  was  resumed  with  spirit,   the   regiment  losing  six  men 
wounded.     On  the  10th  it  lost  two  men  by  the  enemy's  sharp- 
shooters.    On  the  11th  the  regiment  kept  up  a  galling  and  con- 
tinuous fire  on  the  enemy  who  were  unable  to  return  it. 

During  the  day  about  100  recruits  joined  the  regiment  and 
were  placed  in  the  rear  line  under  charge  of  Lieut.  McGinnis. 
For  the  next  few  days  he  had  a  "circus"  with  his  "Army  of  all 


THE    NORTH    ANNA    BATTLES.  321 

Nations,"  as  they  were  dubbed,  for  not  half  of  them  could 
speak  or  understand  the  English  language,  and  Lieut.  McGinnis 
had  to  use  a  form  of  kindergarten  system  in  teaching  them  the 
manual.  He  would  go  through  the  motions  and  they  would 
follow.  Soon  they  were  assigned  to  the  different  companies  and, 
for  a  short  time,  were  a  source  of  amusement  to  the  veterans. 

At  9  P.M.  of  the  12th,  the  regiment  moved  slowly  out  of 
the  works  but  soon  quickened  the  pace  and  advanced  rapidly 
toward  the  Chickahominy  and  crossed  at  3  P.M.  and  then 
marched  rapidly  until  midnight  and  halted,  having  marched 
25  miles  in  27  hours.  The  Nineteenth  acted  as  rear  guard 
during  the  march. 

At  7  A.M.  of  the  14th,  they  resumed  the  march  with  the 
Corps  and  moved  about  two  miles,  which  brought  the  regiment 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  James.  At  4  P.M.  they  proceeded,  and 
crossed  the  James  in  a  steamer  at  6  P.M.,  and,  after  marching 
a  mile  and  a  half,  rested  for  the  night.  At  11  A.M.  of  the  15th, 
the  march  was  resumed  and  continued  until  12  P.M.,  going 
over  some  25  miles. 

This  brought  them  to  the  first  line  of  the  enemy's  works 
before  Petersburg,  which  had  been  taken  by  the  colored  troops 
under  General  Hinks  and  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps.  Here 
they  rested  for  the  night.  At  sundown  of  the  following  day 
they  engaged  the  enemy  for  about  two  hours.  At  6  P.M.  of  the 
17th,  the  regiment  charged  the  works,  with  no  casualties,  but 
were  eventually  repulsed.  During  the  day  Generals  Grant, 
Hancock  and  Gibbon  rode  along  the  line. 


LIST  OF  MEN   OF  THE  NINETEENTH   MASSACHUSETTS  REGI- 
MENT, KILLED  IN  ACTION  OR  DIED  OF  WOUNDS, 
SINCE  LEAVING  ITS  CAMP  AT  STEVE.WSBURG, 
MAY  3  TO  JUNE  11,  1864. 

killed: 

May  Oth.     Corp.  George  W    Cain,  Co.  B. 

Priv    Thomas  F    Costello,  Co.  G 
Priv.  Redford  Dawes,  Co.  G 
Priv.  Bernard  Dame,  Co.  G. 


322  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

May  10th.    Priv.  Charles  Smith,  Co.  A. 

Priv.  George  E.  Breed,  Co.  C.   (Shell  wound  in  head, 
Priv.  Horatio  Fellows,  Co.  C.    died  May  13th,  1864.) 
Priv.  John  A.  Clark,  Co.  E. 
Sergt.  William  H.  Ross,  Co.  H. 
May  12th.   First  Lieut.  John  J.  Ferris. 

Color  Sergt.  Benj.  F.  Falls,  Co.  A.      (Died  May  14, 

1864,  buried  at  Fredericksburg.) 
Priv.  Patrick  Cronin,  Co.  B,  right  elbow  fractured 

(Died  May  13th,  1864.) 
First  Sergt.  Charles  B.  Brown,  Co.  G.  (Both  thighs, 

shell,— May  14th,  1864.) 
Corp.  Archibald  Buchanan,  Co.  K.  (Died  of  wounds 

in  general  hosp.,  right  knee,  leg  amputated.) 
Priv.  Benjamin  McDonald,   Co.   A,  abdomen  and 
hips.  (Died  of  wounds.) 
May  24th.  First  Sergt.  Samuel  E.Viall, Co.  E.  (Died  of  wounds.) 
May  31st.   Captain  Dudley  C.  Mumford. 
June  3rd.    First  Lieut.  John  B.  Thompson. 
Priv.  Francis  McAlpine,  Co.  G. 
June  7th.    Priv.  William  Fee,  Co.  B,  head.     Died  June  7th. 

MISSING   IN   ACTION: 

May  12th.  Lieut.  Col.  Edmund  Rice,  wounded  and  captured. 

Priv.  Alonzo  Stewart,  Co.  F 
May  6th.    Priv.  Milton  D.  Thompson,  Co.  C. 

Priv.  Edward  C.  Thompson,  Co.  C. 

Priv.  Alfred  Ellis,  Co.  H. 
May  7th.     Priv.  Charles.  Conrad,  Co.  C. 
May  10th.  Priv.  James  Higginson. 

Priv.  George  Brann,  Co.  A. 
May  12th.  Priv.  Charles  Smith,  Co.  A. 

Priv.  Frank  Covell,  Co.  A. 

Priv   Terrence  Thomas,  Co.  B. 

Priv.  John  Smith,  Co.  H. 
May  13th.  Corp.  Charles.  Bradley. 
May  24th.  Patrick  Fall,  Co.  D. 


THE    NORTH    ANNA    BATTLES.  323 

WOUNDED    IN    THE    BATTLE    OF    THE    WILDERNESS: 

May  6th.     Priv.  Elisha  Choate,  Co.  F,  severe,  left  knee. 

Priv.  Francis  McKenna,  Co.  H,  left  arm. 

Priv.  Frank  Xorman,  Co.  I. 

Priv.  James  Dunn,  Co.  I. 

Priv  Thomas  Riley,  Co.  B,  both  thighs,  severe. 

Priv.  Angelo  Chiconi,  Co.  B,  left  arm,  amputated. 

Priv.  Charles  H.  Preston,  Co.  B. 

Priv.  Henry  M.  Smith,  Co.  C,  right  shoulder. 

Priv.  Edward  H.  Goff,  Co.  C,  both  shoulders. 

Priv.  Bernard  Conway,  left  leg. 

Priv.  Charles  McDonald,  Co.  C,  back. 
May  7th.     Priv.  James  B.  Reagan,  Co.  B. 
May  10th.  Sergt.  Nelson  E.  Knights,  Co.  D,  slight. 

Priv.  James  Farrell,  Co.  F,  slight. 

Priv.  John  Monihan,  Co.  F. 

Priv.  Thomas  Hall,  Co.  F- 

Priv.   James  Nichols,  Co.  F,   hand, — finger  ampu- 
tated. 

Priv.  Daniel  Beadley,  Co.  I,  severe,  head. 

Sergt.  John  B.  Ross,  Co.  I,   slightly,   shell  wound, 
right  leg. 

Sergt.  George  Brown,  Co.  A. 

Sergt.  Albert  H.  Greenleaf,  Co.  A. 

Sergt.  James  Strange,  Co.  B. 

Sergt.  Ernest  A.  Nichols,  Co.  C,  left  wrist. 

Sergt.  Joseph  Garfield,  Co.  K,  severe,  right  shoulder. 
May  11th.  Sergt.  Edward  Golden,  Co.  G,  left  knee. 

Sergt.  Samuel  Driver,  Co.  H,  left  hand. 

Sergt.  George  Very,  Co.  H. 
May   12th.  Sergt.  James  Flannigan,  Co.  E,  leg. 

Sergt.  Patrick  Gillespie,  Co.  K,  left  leg,  severe. 

Sergt.  Matthias  Bixby,  Co.  F,  left  temple,  severe. 

Sergt.  William  Rvan,  Co.  F 

Sergt.  Peter  Xulty,  Co.  G,  shell  wound  in  head. 

Corp.  Abraham  Dow,  Co.  A,  right  knee. 

Corp.  Peter  Barton,  Co.  A. 


324  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Corp.  John  Hill,  Co.  A. 

Corp.  Patrick  Berry,  Co.  B,  severe. 

Corp.  Albert  Rogers,  Co.  C,  left  hand,  finger  ampu- 
tated. 

Corp.  Joseph  Patrick,  Co.  C,  thigh,  severe. 

Sergt.  Joseph  Burns,  Co.  K,  right  forearm. 

Corp.  Edward  Williams,  Co.  K,  head. 

Corp.  John  W  Hayes,  Co.  K.  left  hand. 

Corp.  Thomas  J.  Salisbury,  Co.  K,  head. 
May  13th.  Corp.  George  Lamb,  Co.  I. 

Corp.  Cornelius  Buckley,  Co.  A. 

Corp.  George  W  Rogers,  Co.  B. 

Corp.  James  Doyle,  Co.  I. 
May  18th.  Corp.  Carl  Shock,  Co.  C. 
May  24th.  Corp.  J.  H.  Brown,  Co.  A,  thigh,  severe. 

Corp.  John  Cavanaugh,  Co.  D,  left  leg. 

Corp.  Henry  Hines,  Co.  D,  right  foot. 

Corp.  Henry  Perry,  Co.  E,  ankle. 

Corp.  Bartholomew  Crowley,  Co.  G,  severely,  body. 

Corp.  Benjamin  F.  Blaisdell,  Co.  G,  severe,  neck. 
June  3rd.    Maj.  Moncena  Dunn,  concussion,  leg. 

Capt.  Elisha  A.  Hinks,  Co.  C,  leg  and  shoulder. 

Capt.  Henry  A.  Hale,  Co.  B. 

Capt.  William  L.  Palmer,  Co.  E. 

Priv.  Peter  Stillman,  Co.  A,  thigh. 

Priv.  Henry  G.  Jennings,  Co.  G,  breast  and  leg. 

Priv.  Loring  Johnson,  Co.  A,  left  thigh,  died  June 
5th,  1864. 

Priv.  Patrick  Donovan,  Co.  C. 

Sergt.  Benjamin  H.  Jellison,  Co.  I,  severe,  left  knee. 

Sergt.  James  Corrigan,  Co.  I,  severe,  right  side. 

Priv.  Patrick  W.  Harvey,  Co.  K,  head. 

Priv.  William  Hopkinson,  Co.  I,  left  hand. 
June  6th.    Thomas  Cooper,  Co.  C. 
June  7th.     Priv.  Stephen  J.  Younger,  Co.  B,  left  forearm. 

Priv.  Sidn'ey  Cronk,  Co.  C. 


THE    NORTH    ANNA    BATTLES.  325 


RECAPITULATION. 

Officers  killed, 

3 

wounded, 

4 

missing, 

3d, 

1 

8 

Enlisted  men  kill* 

15 

wounded, 

57 

missing, 

8 

80 

uncertain  as  to  the  date  when  wounded: 
May  3rd  to  June  11th,  1864. 

Private  Oliver  Billson,  Co.  K,  died  May  26th,  1864. 

Private  J.  Mitchell,  Co.  H,  left  hip  (June  3  ?) 

Private  Wm.  Leonard,  Co.  F,  head  (June  3rd?) 

Private  Ernest  A.  Nichols,  Co.  C,  head  (June  3rd?) 

Private  Austin  Stevens,  Co.  E,  right  arm  (June  3rd  ?) 

Private  Thomas  Stanley,  Co.  A,  right  arm  (June  3rd?) 

Sergeant  H.  McPartland,  Co.  F,  right  forearm  (June  3rd  ?) 

Sergt.  B.  W   Russell,  Co.  D,  left  hip  (June  3rd?) 

Sergeant  Patrick  Nolan,  Co.  K,  left  leg  (amputated  June  3rd). 

Private  Patrick  Murphy,  Co.  K,  died  June  22nd,  shoulder  (June 

3rd?) 
Sergeant  Chas.  Cross,  Co.  H,  thigh  (June  3rd  ?) 
Private  Timothy  O'Connell,  Co.  B,  killed  in  action,  June  19th. 
Private  John  Patch,  right  shoulder  (June  3rd?) 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

CAPTURE    OF   THE    REGIMENT. 

Hard  fighting  on  every  day  since  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness 
had  reduced  the  list  of  officers  to  major,  adjutant  and  four  line 
officers,  with  the  addition  of  First  Sergeant  Osborn  of  Co.  B,  who 
had  been  promoted  on  the  march.  The  number  of  men  had 
been  reduced  to  140,  including  the  recruits  received  at  Cold 
Harbor. 

At  daylight  on  the  morning  of  June  18th,  the  Nineteenth 
occupied  a  place  in  the  front  line  and  charged  two  lines  of  the 
enemy's  works,  driving  in  his  skirmishers,  but  found  him  too 
strong  in  a  third  line.  Several  of  the  regiment  were  wounded 
and  one  was  killed. 

The  19th  was  marked  by  rapid  and  continuous  firing.  The 
men  were  stationed  on  a  farm  and  many  picked  peas  and  cooked 
them  for  dinner. 

At  9  P.M.  of  the  20th,  after  firing  sharply  all  day,  the  men 
were  relieved  and  ordered  to  the  rear,  where  they  rested  for  the 
night.  At  10  A.M.  of  the  21st,  they  moved  to  the  left  where  an 
attempt  was  being  made  to  extend  the  Union  lines  so  as  to  cut  the 
Welden  Railroad.  They  crossed  the  Jerusalem  Plank  Road  and 
at  3  P.M.  formed  line  of  battle.  At  5.30  P.M.  the  regiment 
was  ordered  out  on  the  skirmish  line  and  remained  there  until 
12.30  P.M.  of  the  22nd,  when  the  men  threw  up  a  rifle  pit.  They 
had  lost  one  killed  and  three  wounded  by  the  enemy's  sharp- 
shooters. 

The  enemy  was  in  force,  several  batteries  being  so  posted 
that  they  could  protect  the  field,  while  the  infantry  was  well 
cared  for  behind  the  works. 

The  Nineteenth  at  this  time  had  dwindled  down  so  that 
it  was  in  a  single  line  and  the  formation  was  two  companies 
instead  of  ten.     Captain  Hume  commanded  the  right  wing  and 
Captain  Adams  the  left. 
(326) 


CAPTURE  OF  THE  REGIMENT.  327 

Capt.  Adams'  memoirs  cite  the  fact  that  "at  noon  the  offi- 
cers withdrew  a  little  to  the  rear  for  dinner  and  in  the  conversa- 
tion Major  Dunn  said,  'I  fell  asleep  a  little  while  ago  and  had 
a  queer  dream.  We  were  lying  just  as  we  are  here,  and  the 
rebels  came  in  our  rear  and  captured  the  entire  regiment. ' ' 

The  others  laughed  at  his  dream,  saying  they  "guessed  they 
would  not  go  to  Richmond  that  way"  and  returned  to  the  line. 
The  firing  in  front  increased,  with  the  batteries  doing  good 
work,  for  the  rebels. 

At  3  P.M.  the  Second  and  Fifth  Corps  were  ordered  to 
advance.  Barlow's  and  Gibbon's  divisions  being  formed  in 
line  of  battle,  it  is  claimed  that  Barlow's  men  fell  back  on  re- 
ceiving the  attack  of  the  enemy.  The  nature  of  the  ground  was 
such  that  this  movement  was  not  perceived  by  Gibbon,  it  being 
uneven  and  covered  with  thick  underbrush.  Gibbon's  men 
stood  their  ground  and  before  they  were  aware  of  the  fact,  the 
bayonets  of  the  enemy  were  at  their  back. 

In  a  moment  the  rebels  had  captured  the  majority  of  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts,  together  with  the  Fifteenth  Massa- 
chusetts, the  Forty-Second  and  Fifty- Ninth  New  York,  part  of 
the  Eighty-Second  New  York  and  a  few  men  from  the  Twen- 
tieth Massachusetts,  from  the  same  brigade. 

Colonel  Ansel  D.  Wass  had  been  ill  for  some  time,  but  rode 
up  in  an  ambulance,  arriving  just  in  time  to  see  it  gobbled  up 
by  the  enemy. 

About  30  men  escaped  from  the  general  misfortune,  being 
mostly  men  in  the  ranks,  clerks,  quartermasters,  department 
cooks  and  sick  men. 

The  captured  officers  and  men  were  hurried  to  the  rear  and 
were  promptly  relieved  of  hats,  belts  and  personal  property, 
despite  their  protests.  "I  had  received  that  morning,"  says 
Lieutenant  Joseph  E.  Hodgkins,  of  Co.  K,  "a  little  hat,  weigh- 
ing only  an  ounce,  from  home  and  had  just  placed  it  on  my 
head  when  I  was  taken.  A  big  rebel  grabbed  it  and  threw  me 
this  old  one, — a  very  heavy  one,  so  I  got  no  comfort  from  my 
new  cap  from  home. ' ' 

Michael  Scannell,  the  color  sergeant,  had,  with  another 
color  bearer,  been  standing  at  the  rear  of  the  line  with  the  colors. 


328 


THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 


Suddenly  they  were  surrounded  and  a  rebel  demanded, — "You 
damned  Yank,  give  me  that  flag!  With  his  Irish  spontaneity, 
Scannell  responded,  "Well,  it's  twenty  years  since  I  came  to 
this  country,  and  you're  the  first  man  who  ever  called  me  a 
Yankee.     Take  the  flag  for  the  compliment. ' ' 

The  men  were  marched  to  a  field  outside  the  city  and 
camped  for  the  night.  The  roll  was  called  and  it  was  found 
that  153  of  the  Nineteenth  had  been  captured  and  that  1600 
men  and  67  officers,  all  told,  in  the  corps  were  prisoners. 


The 

Sergeant 
Sergeant 
Sergeant 
Private 


Sergeant 
Private 


Sergeant 
Private 


Sergeant 
Corporal 
Private 


names  of  the  enlisted  men  captured  are: 

Giles  D.  Johnson. 
Michael  Scannell. 
Marcus  Kimball. 
James  Dunn. 
Irving  Walker. 
Albert  Wszlaki. 
Francis  Osborn. 
Samuel  A.  Bridges. 
Patrick  Brestow. 
James  Kelley, 
Thomas  Stringer. 
Milton  Ellsworth. 
Terrence  Thomas. 
Francis  Bradish. 
William  E.  Fletcher. 
George  B.  Otis. 
James  Ridlon. 
Thomas  Stone. 
Nelson  B.  Knights. 
Abram  Warner. 
Jacob  Brill. 
Clarence  P   Crane. 
Charles  J.  Chamberlain. 
William  P  R.  Estes. 
Patrick  Fitzgerald. 
Charles  B.  Mills. 
Michael  Kelly. 


CAPTURE    OF    THE    REGIMENT. 


329 


Sergeant    James  Gormley. 
Sergeant    James  Clark. 

Hugh  Demon. 

John  Doherty. 

Daniel  Corrigan. 

William  Kelly. 

Edward  C.  Thompson. 

Thomas  Hall. 

Michael  O'Leary 

James  Skerrett. 
Sergeant    Robert  J.  Gamble. 
Sergeant    James  Clark. 
Corporal    William  H.  Lambert. 
Corporal    Elijah  E.  H.  Mansur. 
Corporal    George  E.  Morse. 

Edward  Golden. 

William  Haywood. 

Thomas  Hill. 

James  McCarthy 

John  McMannus. 

Levi  Woofindale. 

George  B.  Symonds. 

Michael  Broderick. 

John  P   Driscoll. 

Benjamin  Lummus. 

John  Restell,  Jr. 

Joshua  Very. 

James  Shinnick. 

Charles  Becker. 
Sergeant    James  S.  Smith. 

William  Blake. 

James  Harvey. 

Edwin  B.  Pratt. 
Corporal    William  P    Edwards. 

Stephen  J.  Younger. 

Benjamin  F    Adams. 

John  Lee  (Co.  E.) 

John  Lee  (Co.  I.) 


330  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Job  Foster. 
William  Richardson. 
James  Beatty. 
Richard  Doherty. 
Thomas  Meagher. 
Edward  Joy. 
James  Smith. 
William  Smith. 
Peter  Johnson. 
John  Hagan. 
Ernest  Krantz. 
Edward  McKenna. 
Eben  D.  Poole. 
William  Farnham. 
Charles  Dean. 

These  67  recruits  had  been  forwarded  to  the  regiment  only 
the  day  before  and  were  captured  with  the  others. 

Co.  A.       Robert  Boyd. 

Herman  Weitzler. 

Robert  A.  Johnston. 

Bernard  Van  Ammon. 

Solomon  Salter. 

Domes  Goarout. 

Carl  Rummelsburg. 
Co.  B.       Joseph  Richardson. 

William  Doyle. 

Henry  M.  Allen. 

Charles  Edwards. 

M.  Sweeney. 

John  McKane. 

John  Scott. 
Co.  C.       Charles  Belcher,  Jr. 

Richard  Meagher. 

Conrad  Wilson. 

George  Johnson. 

George  Kent. 

William  Anderson. 


CAPTURE    OF    THE    REGIMENT.  331 


Charles  Sherman. 

Lewis  Mortimer. 
Co.  D.       John  Berden. 

David  Spence. 

Thomas  Lavey. 

George  Barry. 

Frank  Farren. 
Co.  E.       Patrick  Flinn. 

Robert  McAllen. 

James  Smithers. 

Delos  Gilbert. 

Thomas  H.  Collins. 

Stephen  Hogan. 

Patrick  Conway. 

Daniel  Hoyt. 
Co.  F.       Nathan  H.  Roberts. 

George  Dennett. 

Edward  Haskins. 

William  Haney. 

James  McMahon. 

John  Deansfield. 

Alexander  Goodhue. 

William  Dittmer. 
Co.  G.       August  Weilmar. 

James  Power. 

John  Bryan. 

Joseph  Reichardt. 

Joseph  Robinson. 

Leonard  A.  Barnes. 

George  Rice. 
James  Brown. 

Thomas  Clarke. 
Co.  I.        Albert  M.  Jenkins. 
Lewis  Parent. 
John  Lyford. 
William  Sherris. 
Martin  Smith. 
Charles  Watson. 


332  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Co.  I.        Ezra  Delano. 

Owen  Fallen. 

William  Fane. 
Co.  K.       Edwin  Smith. 

Francis  Mackin. 

George  A.  Bixby. 

George  Sargent. 

James  Pike. 

Frank  Somers. 

The  official  correspondence  regarding  the  capture  of  the 
regiment  is  interesting. 

Headquarters,  Nineteenth  Mass.  Vols. 
Near  City  Point,  Va.,  June  26,  1864. 

Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  Schouler, 
Adjt.  Gen.,  Boston. 

General : 

It  is  my  painful  duty  to  report  the  capture,  on  the  22nd 
inst.,  near  Petersburg,  of  the  gallant  Nineteenth  Massachusetts 
Infantry.  I  need  not  add  that  only  the  desperate  position  into 
which  they  were  forced  made  the  idea  of  surrender  for  a  moment 
tolerable  to  the  regiment.  If  resistance  had  been  at  all  available, 
it  would  have  been  made.  The  action  in  which  they  were 
taken  was  the  32nd  action  in  which  this  splendid  regiment  had 
been  engaged  since  its  first  organization.  Six  commissioned 
officers  surrendered  with  the  command,  viz, — Major  Moncena 
Dunn,  of  Boston,  commanding,  Adjutant  William  M.  Curtis, 
of  Randolph,  Lieut.  David  F.  Chubbuck,  Capt.  Lysander  J. 
Hume,  of  Calais,  Me.,  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  of  Groveland  and 
Lieut.  William  A.  McGinnis,  of  Boston. 

One  hundred  and  sixty  enlisted  men  surrendered  with  the 
regiment,  seventy  of  whom  were  recruits  recently  received  with- 
out descriptive  rolls.  The  only  complete  list  of  these  men  was 
lost  upon  the  person  of  Adjutant  Curtis.  For  this  reason  it  is 
impossible  to  supply  a  complete  list  of  the  men  captured.  A  list 
as  complete  as  possible  will  be  supplied  in  a  few  days.  The  men 
who  remain  here,  about  40,  have  been  organized  as  a  company, 


CAPTURE  OF  THE  REGIMENT.  333 

under  command  of  First  Sergeant  William  A.  Stone,  of  Co.  H. 
This  company,  with  another  organized  in  a  similar  manner  from 
the  remains  of  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts,  has  been  consoli- 
dated temporarily  as  a  battalion  under  command  of  Captain 
Brown  of  the  Fifteenth. 

The  following  is  a  report  of  the  Nineteenth : 

Present  for  duty,  Com.  Officers,    2     Enlisted  men    41 

Absent, 

Prisoners  of  war,   Com.  Officers,     6      Enlisted  men  165 

Detached   service,  12  55 

Sick, 

In  arrest, 


1 

163 

2 

Total            21 

426 

Aggregate, 

447 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Thomas  F.  Winthrop, 

1st  Lieut. 

Reg'tal  Q. 

M., 

Com'd'g  Regt 

ing: 


On  the  monthly  return  for  June,  1864,  is  written  the  follow- 

Headquarters  Nineteenth  Mass.  Vols.,  Camp 

near  Petersburg,  30th,  June,  1864. 


I  certify  on  honor  that  upon  the  capture  of  the  19th  Mass. 
Vols,  by  the  enemy  near  Petersburg,  Va.,  22nd,  June,  1864,  the 
regimental  and  company  records  necessary  to  the  complete  and 
proper  filling  up  of  this  blank  were  captured  in  the  possession  of 
the  Adjutant  and  the  several  company  commanders. 

William  F.  Rice,  Fir.it  Lieut.,  19th  Mass.  Vols. 
Commanding. 

This  return  also  records  the  following: 
Col.  Ansel  I)    Wass,  absent  sick,  June  28,  1S64. 
Lt.  Col.  Edmund  Rice,  prisoner  of  war,  May  12,  lSlil. 
Surgeon  J.  F    Dyer,  on  detached  service,  serving  as  surgeon  in 

chief  2nd  Division. 


334  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Asst.  Surgeon  Gustavus  P   Pratt. 

Adjutant  William  M.  Curtis,  prisoner  of  war,  June  22nd. 
Regimental  quartermaster,  Thomas  F.  Winthrop. 
Co.  A.       Captain  Isaac  H.  Boyd,  on  detached  service. 

First  Lieut.  Wm.  F.  Rice,  commanding  regiment. 
Co.  B.       First  Lieut.  Henry  A.  Hale,  on  detached  service,  2nd 
Brig.  2nd  Corps,  March  15,  1863. 
First  Lieut.  Wm.  E.  Barrows,  in  charge  2nd  Div. 
ambulance  train. 
Co.  C.       Capt.  Elisha  A.  Hinks,  absent  wounded,  June  3rd, 
1864  A.  D.  C. 
First  Lieut.  Wm.  R.  Driver,  on  detached  service,  1st 
Brig.  April  24,  1864. 
Co.  D.       Capt.  Moncena  Dunn,  prisoner  of  war,  June  22. 

First  Lieut.   David  P    Chubbuck,  prisoner  of  war, 
June  22. 
Co.  E.       Capt.  Wm.  L.  Palmer,  ordnance  officer,  2nd  Div. 
Co.  F.       Capt.  Chas.  M.  Merritt,  detached  service,  Mil.  Head- 

q'rs,  Washington  since  Nov.  29,  1862. 
Co.  H.       Capt.  J.  G.  C.  Dodge,  on  detached  service  in  Massa- 
K;  chusetts. 
First  Lieut.   Chas.  S.  Palmer,  on  detached  service, 
Div.  Headq'rs. 
Co.  I.        Capt.  Wm.  A.  Hill,  Det.  Service. 

First  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  prisoner  of  war,  June  22. 
Co.  K.       Capt.  Lysander  J.  Hume,  prisoner  of  war,  June  22. 

First    Lieut.    Wm.  A.    McGinnis,    prisoner  of    war, 
June  22. 

RECAPITULATION : 


Present,  Commissioned  officers, 

2 

Enlisted  men 

38 

Absent,  commissioned  officers, 

On  detached  service, 

11 

Sick, 

2 

Prisoners  of  war, 

7 

20 


CAPTURE  OF  THE  REGIMENT.  335 


Enlisted  men, 

On  detached  service, 

52 

Sick, 

165 

In  arrest, 

2 

Prisoners  of  war, 

166 

385 

Died  in  action  or  from 

wounds:     1 

Commissioned  officers, 

7 

Enlisted  men, 

4 

Missing  in  action, 

4 

16 

Wounded  in  action, 

17 

Recruits  required, 

563 

CHAPTER  XL. 

PRISON    EXPERIENCES. 

The  captured  men  were  taken  across  the  field  into  the  rebel 
works  and  to  their  rear  where  they  halted  and  remained  through 
the  night.  The  men  were  lively  and  appeared  to  be  anxious 
to  make  the  best  of  a  bad  predicament.  In  the  morning  their 
tents  and  blankets  were  taken  away  from  them;  some  blankets 
being  removed,  even,  while  the  men  were  asleep. 

The  prisoners  were  then  marched  through  Petersburg  and 
they  found  it  to  be  quite  a  pretty  place.  Their  names,  com- 
panies and  regiment  were  then  registered  and  they  camped  for 
the  day  beside  the  Appomattox  river. 

At  daylight  on  June  24  they  marched  to  the  depot  and  took 
the  cars  to  Richmond.  There  they  were  marched  through  the 
street,  being  'quizzed'  and  called  'Yanks'  and  other  names, 
until  Libby  Prison  was  reached.  Here  the  haversacks,  canteens 
and  almost  everything  else,  were  taken  away  and  the  enlisted 
men  were  put  in  an  old  warehouse  across  the  street  from  the 
prison, — over  200  being  confined  in  one  room.  At  night  a  ration 
of  corn  bread  was  issued  to  them,  the  first  ration  which  the  men 
had  received  since  they  were  captured,  two  days  before. 

Shortly  after  noon,  the  officers  were  ordered  into  the  prison 
and  got  their  first  taste  of  Libby  and  of  Dick  Turner,  its  warden, 
who  at  once  entered  upon  a  search  of  their  clothing  for  green- 
backs, etc. 

On  the  second  day  after  their  arrival  in  Libby  Prison,  some 
negroes  came  in  to  swab  the  floor  and  among  them  was  the 
former  servant  of  Col.  Devereux, — Johnnie — who  had  been 
left  at  White  House  Landing,  ill  with  fever,  when  the  army  had 
started  on  its  retreat  down  the  Peninsula  in  the  spring  and  was 
supposed  to  have  died.  He  recognized  several  of  the  officers 
and  did  what  little  he  could,  without  exposing  himself  to  danger, 
(336) 


PRISON    EXPERIENCES.  337 

to  help  them.  From  his  condition,  it  was  evident  that  his  captors 
had  not  used  him  any  too  well. 

After  remaining  in  Libby  Prison  for  a  week  the  officers, 
now  numbering  over  a  hundred,  from  recent  captures,  were 
taken  across  the  river  to  Manchester,  placed  in  cars  and,  after 
riding  all  day  without  food  or  water  reached  Lynchburg  on  the 
following  morning.  They  were  compelled  to  remain  jammed 
in  the  cars,  until  noon,  having  to  endure  the  sight  of  quantities 
of  bread,  pies,  fruit,  etc.  in  the  hands  of  hucksters  outside.  The 
men  were  so  hungry  that  they  tore  the  rings  from  their  fingers 
and  gave  of  their  most  valuable  possessions  for  loaves  of  bread. 

At  noon,  rations  of  twenty  small  hard  tack  and  a  small 
slice  of  maggoty  bacon  were  issued  and  the  men  were  told  that 
this  was  enough  for  four  days,— during  which  time  they  were 
to  march  from  Lynchburg  to  Danville,  the  Union  cavalry  having 
destroyed  the  railroad  connection  between  the  two  places. 

After  marching  for  five  miles,  camp  was  made  for  the  night 
and  here  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Nineteenth  and  other  regiments 
came  up,  but  were  not  allowed  to  visit  their  officers.  The 
officers  and  enlisted  men  were  kept  in  close  proximity  to  each 
other  on  the  march,  which  was  through  a  pleasant  country  and 
in  good  weather.  The  march  was  continuous  until  July  4,  when 
Danville  was  reached,  the  prisoners  being  quartered  there  in  an 
old  warehouse.  At  night  they  were  marched  to  the  depot  and 
while  waiting  for  the  train,  enjoyed  themselves  by  singing  "The 
Star  Spangled  Banner"  in  honor  of  the  day 

On  the  following  day,  Macon,  Ga.,  was  reached  and  here 
the  officers  were  compelled  to  again  bid  good  bye  to  the  men. 
The  officers  left  the  train,  while  the  men  were  carried  away  to 
Andersonville. 

The  officers  were  confined  in  the  prison  at  Macon  and 
endured  all  the  sufferings  incident  to  life  in  a  rebel  stockade. 
After  remaining  there  until  the  last  of  July,  they  were  taken  to 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  placed  in  the  jail  under  fire  of  the  Union 
batteries  on  Morris  Island.  In  August  they  were  paroled  and 
taken  to  the  old  United  States  Marine  Hospital,  remaining  there 
until  Yellow  Fever  broke  out  in  October.  They  were  then 
taken  to   Columbia.     From  there  a  number  escaped,*  but  the 


338  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

majority  who  survived  were  exchanged  at  different  times  during 
the  next  six  or  eight  months. 

Lieut.  "Billy"  McGinnis,  always  a  source  of  fun,  did  not 
have  the  fondness  for  a  joke  starved  out  of  him,  even  in  a  rebel 
prison.  Most  of  his  hair  had  fallen  out  by  the  time  he  was 
placed  in  "Camp  Sorghum"  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  and  all  he  had 
to  wear  was  a  dressing  gown  which  had  been  allotted  to  him 
from  one  of  the  Sanitary  Commission's  boxes  which  had  been 
sent  to  the  prison.  With  his  bald  head  and  unkept  beard  of 
gray,  he  appeared  much  older  than  he  really  was. 

One  day  a  rebel  officer  who  came  into  the  office,  saw  McGin- 
nis walking  about  in  his  flowing  robe,  and  exclaimed,  "It's  a 
shame.  Ef  I  could  I'd  let  thet  po'  ol'  man  go  free."  "Old 
man,"  exclaimed  McGinnis,  "I  guess  not,  yet," — and  he 
turned  a  handspring  in  front  of  the  kind  hearted  officer,  who 
disappeared  immediately. 

The  personal  diary  of  Joseph  E.  Hodgkins,  at  that  time 
a  sergeant  in  Company  K, — one  of  those  captured  on  June  22nd, 
gives  an  interesting  description  of  the  events  in  the  rebel  prisons 
and,  except  for  dates,  perhaps,  the  experiences  he  chronicles  are 
similar  to  those  of  the  others. 

He  says: 

June  25,  1864.  This  afternoon  we  received  a  ration  of  corn  bread 
and  soup  —  and  such  soup.  As  the  fellows  say,  the}7  have  to  dive  for  a 
bean.     In  the  afternoon  they  were  stripped  and  searched. 

June  26th.  Were  taken  from  Libby  to  Belle  Isle,  a  hot,  sultry  place. 

June  29th.  Received  rations  of  bread  and  pork  or  ham  fat  early  this 
morning  and  left  the  island.  Marched  to  the  depot  and  took  cars,  riding 
all  day  and  into  the  night,  and  stopped  at  Lynchburg.  Had  but  little 
water  today. 

June  30th.  Spent  last  night  in  the  cars.  Sold  my  inkstand  and 
pocketbook  for  three  small  loaves  of  bread,  which  I  divided  with  two  of 
my  comrades.  One  of  our  boys  paid  50cts.  for  an  onion  and  another  paid 
$10.00  for  a  thin  blackberry  pie.  I  have  seen  men  pay  $2.00,  $5.00  and 
even  $7.00  for  loaves  of  bread.  Received  four  days'  rations,  as  we  are  to 
march  to  Danville.  Rations  consisted  of  twenty  crackers  and  about  a 
pound  of  ham  fat.  The  distance  to  Danville  is  45  miles  and  the  reason 
for  our  march  is  the  fact  that  the  railroad  is  torn  up  by  Yankee  troops. 
Started  just  before  night  and  before  dark  halted  in  a  swampy  place  where 
we  spent  the  night. 


PRISON    EXPERIENCES.  339 

July  1st.  Marched  nearly  all  day  and  camped  on  the  bank  of  Stanton 
River.  Have  suffered  terribly  for  water,  it  being  very  scarce,  except  at 
farmhouses,  where  the  rebel  guard  would  not  allow  us  to  stop  and  get  a 
drink. 

July  2nd.     Marched  until  nearly  sunset. 

July  3rd.  Marched  at  daylight.  Rations  gave  out  at  noon.  Halted 
toward  sunset  on  the  bank  of  a  river  and  camped  for  the  night. 

July  4th.  Marched  until  along  in  the  forenoon  when  we  arrived  in 
Danville,  where  we  were  put  into  some  old  brick  buildings  and  we  have  to 
go  a  few  at  a  time  to  get  a  drink.  At  dark  received  a  small  piece  of  ham  fat, 
about  two  inches  square,  but  nothing  to  eat  with  it.  Can  hardly  stand  the 
pangs  of  hunger. 

July  6th.  This  morning  marched  to  the  railroad  where  we  took  bag- 
gage cars  for  Georgia.  There  were  56  men  in  one  car.  Arrived  at  Charlotte, 
N.  C,  about  dark,  left  the  cars  and  camped  for  the  night  in  a  field. 

July  8th.     This  morning  took  the  cars  again  and  rode  all  day,  passing 
through  a  number  of  places  in  South  Carolina,  the  last  being  Columbia 
We  stopped  a  short  distance  outside  the  city. 

July  9th.  This  forenoon  we  started  again  at  11  o'clock,  with  50  men 
in  a  carload  and  road  all  day  and  night. 

July  10th.  Sabbath.  Arrived  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  at  three  o'clock  this 
morning.     Started  in  afternoon  again  and  rode  all  night. 

July  11th.  Arrived  at  Anderson ville,  Ga.,  this  forenoon.  Saw  Capt. 
Wirz  who  was  in  command.  He  is  a  medium  sized  German  with  a  disa- 
greeable countenance  and  an  ugly  way.  We  had  to  stand  in  line  for  a  long 
time  in  the  sun,  although  some  of  our  men  were  sick  with  Diarrhea,  etc. 
We  were  then  divided  into  divisions  of  ninety  men  and  then  into  squads  of 
thirty,  a  sergeant  being  placed  over  each.  Wo  were  then  marched  into  the 
dirtiest  place  I  ever  saw,  where  were  27,000  half  starved  men  moving  about 
like  so  many  maggots,  with  nothing  to  do  but  to  look  around.  Received 
rations  of  mush,  salt  and  ham  fat.  ;  _    j 

July  16th.     Rations  of  mush,  meal  and  molasses. 

July  17th.     Rations, — a  pint  of  mush  and  molasses  for  all  day 

July  ISith.  Rations, — nothing, — not  a  mouthful.  Oh,  for  a  good 
home  meal. 

July  22nd.  In  the  morning  a  ration  of  mush  was  brought  in  but  it  was 
poor  and,  hungry  as  I  was.  I  could  not  swallow  it. 

Aug.  5th.     Rations — a  pint  of  boiled  rice  and  meat. 

Aug.  25th.  Rations  changed  today  Bread,  a  small  pieee  of  ham  fat 
less  than  a  pint  of  raw,  buggy  beans  and  a  small  piece  of  raw,  fresh  beef. 
For  wood  to  cook  with  we  had  two  pine  branches  to  be  divided  between  90 
men. 

Aii^.  2<ith.  Rations — bread,  ham  fat  and  rice.  About  all  we  think 
of  is  rations. 


340  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Aug.  28th.     James  Ridlon,  of  Co.  E,  died  today. 

Aug.  30th.     Henry  Bowler,  of  Lynn,  died  today. 

Sept.  7th.  The  Rebs  commenced  to  take  out  the  prisoners  by  detach- 
ments today,  they  say  to  exchange.  We  have  orders  to  be  ready  at  a 
moment's  notice. 

Oct.  1st.     Oh,  for  something  new. 

Oct.  13th.  Pleasant  today.  Suffer  terribly  by  night.  My  cloths  are 
wearing  out.  My  shirt  is  almost  in  pieces,  my  blouse  sleeves  are  about 
gone.  Cold  weather  is  coming  on.  Only  about  one  meal  per  day  What 
are  we  coming  to?     God  help  me! 

Oct.  24th.  Charlie  Rowley  died  today.  Thus  the  old  Nineteenth  is 
quickly  dwindling  away. 

Nov.  3rd.  Ordered  to  be  sent  to  the  prison  pen  at  Miller,  85  miles 
further  north.     Marched  to  the  cars. 

Nov.  4th.  Entered  the  stockade  this  morning  like  a  drove  of  pigs  in  a 
pig  pen. 

Nov.  5th.  Have  just  passed  a  very  cold  night.  The  wind  blew  con- 
siderably and  seemed  to  go  right  through  me  and  that  isn  't  saying  much  for 
there  isn 't  much  of  me  to  go  through  just  now. 

Nov.  21st.     Ordered  off  to  the  depot  about  night. 

Nov.  22nd.     Arrived  at  Savannah  about  four  this  afternoon. 

Nov.  25th.  Received  no  rations  today.  Heard  an  outsider  say  that 
five  hundred  sick  were  to  be  paroled  today.  Thought  I  would  fall  in  with 
them  and  see  if  I  could  not  get  out  of  imprisonment  for  I  have  had  enough 
of  it. 

After  noon  a  rebel  officer  came  into  camp  and  gave  the  order  to  fall  in. 
I  thought  perhaps  that  was  the  chance  for  me,  so  fell  in  with  a  great  many 
others  After  dark,  moved  to  the  outskirts  of  the  city.     Paroled  at  10 

o'clock  tonight. 

Nov.  26th.  Sat  up  all  night.  Very  cold.  Received  no  rations  this 
morning.  Terribly  hungry.  About  noon  marched  to  the  river,  took  the 
rebel  flag  of  truce  boat  and  steamed  down  the  Savannah  river  to  our  trans- 
ports, which  we  boarded.  As  we  came  in  sight  of  our  boats  and  before 
leaving  the  rebel  boat,  cheers  were  given  for  the  glorious  Stars  and  Stripes 
which  we  had  not  seen  for  over  five  months. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY 

WHOSE  NAMES  APPEAR  ON  THE  REGISTER  OF  ANDER- 

SONVILLE  PRISON  AS  HAVING  DIED  THERE  DURING 

THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION. 

Adams,  Sanford  B.    Priv.   Co.  H.      Sept.  23,  1864. 
Allen,  John,  C.        Sept.  25,  1864. 

Barnes,  Leonard  A.,  F        Sept.  5,  1864. 


PRISON    EXPERIENCES. 


341 


Blake,  Wm.  H., 

K. 

Bradish,  Francis, 

C. 

Bree,  George, 

F 

Clemment,  John, 

B. 

Dame,  Redford, 

G. 

Delano,  Ezra, 

G. 

Deansfield,  John, 

F. 

Edwards,  Charles, 

B. 

Ellers,  Heindrick, 

H. 

Farrell,  George, 

E. 

Finnegan,  Patrick, 

A. 

Hogan,  Stephen, 

E. 

Hoyt,  Daniel, 

E. 

Johnston,  Robert  A., 

A. 

Levoin,  Charles, 

I. 

Ludlow,  James, 

A. 

McCann, John, 

F. 

Mitchell,  John, 

H. 

Mortimer  Louis, 

D. 

Murray,  Thomas, 

A. 

Nietman,  August, 

F. 

Osborne,  William, 

A. 

Robinson,  Henry, 

H. 

Rowley,  Charles  A., 

H. 

Sabiens,  Edward, 

K. 

Sargent,  George  C, 

H. 

Shinnick,  James, 

H. 

Smith,  John  H, 

A. 

Somers,  Frank, 

H. 

Spence,  David, 

D. 

Walker,  Arthur, 

H. 

Warner,  Abraham  F  Corp., 

D. 

Willard,  Parsons  S. 

G. 

Willis,  Calvin  W.,  C. 

Wilson,  William,  I?. 


Oct.  12,  1864. 

July  27,  1864. 

Aug.  8,  1864. 

Sept.  5,  1864. 

June    12,    1864.  (Regimental    report 
says  killed  May6, 1864, Wilderness.) 

Nov.  3,  1864. 

Aug.  28,  1864. 

Nov.  4,  1864. 

Oct.  12,  1864.      (Mass.  Vols,   report 
says  discharged  June  30,  1865.) 

Nov.  7,  1864. 

Aug.  24,  1864. 

Aug.  18,  1864. 

Sept.  19,  1864. 

Aug.  16,  1864. 

Aug.  28,  1864. 

Aug.  29,  1864. 

Nov.  25,  1864.    (Mass.  Vols,  says  dis 
charged  May  4,  1865  disability.) 

Nov.  3,  1864. 

Sept.  7,  1864. 

Feb.  9,  1865. 

Mar.  15,  1865. 

Aug.  7,  1864. 

Oct.  3,  1864. 

Oct.  26,  1864. 

Aug.  10,  1864. 

Nov.  1,  1864.    (Mass.  Vols,  says  dis- 
charged June  30,  1865.) 

Oct.  23,  1864. 

Aug.  15,  1864. 

Nov.  17,  1864. 

Aug.    19,    1864.     (Report    says    dis- 
charged June  30,  1865.) 

June  15,  1864. 

Nov.  23,  1864.    (Feb.  13,  1862.) 

Oct.  26,  1864.    (Mass.  Vols,  says  dis. 
June  30,  1S65,  as  W   L.  Parsons.) 

July  17,  1S64.   (Name  does  not  appear 
in  Mass.  Vols.) 

Oct.  8,  1864.    (Adjt.  Gen.  Report  says 
discharged  June  30,  1S65.) 


342  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  regimental  returns  also  state  that  the  hospital  records 
at  Andersonville  give  three  names  of  men  having  died  there,  not 
in  this  list. 


Ridlon,  James, 

Co.  C. 

Millard,  P., 

G. 

Spar,  H. 

H. 

The  diary  of  Sergt.  Joseph  E.  Hodgkins  also  states  that 
Henry  Bowler  died  there  on  Aug.  30th,  1864. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

REORGANIZATION. 
THE    ENGAGEMENT   AT    DEEP    BOTTOM    AND    REAM'S    STATION. 

From  the  23rd  of  June  until  July  26th,  the  regiment,  com- 
posed of  those  who  had  escaped  capture,  returned  convalescents 
and  recruits  from  depot  were  reorganized  by  First.  Lieut.  Wm.' 
F.  Rice,  of  Brighton,  the  senior  officer  left  for  duty,  under 
whose  command  it  performed  much  arduous  and  important 
work,  and  was  exposed  many  days.  Advantage  was  taken 
of  the  little  time  not  consumed  in  the  above  fatigue  duties, 
in  drilling  the  recruits,  who  were  brought  up  to  a  good  degree 
of  efficiency  under  the  above-named  officer's  supervision.  Here 
62  more  recruits  were  received  from  the  depot. 

At  4  P  M.  -on  the  26th  of  July,  the  regiment  under  orders 
with  the  brigade,  took  up  the  line  of  march  to  the  Appomattox, 
which  was  crossed  on  pontoons  at  11  P  M.  of  that  night,  and 
continued  on  until  9  A.  M.  of  the  following  morning  (July  27), 
crossing  the  James  at  Deep  Bottom  at  the  above  hour,  and  halted 
in  the  breastworks  on  the  north  bank  after  a  forced  march 
of  20  miles. 

In  front  was  an  open  field  for  half  a  mile,  with  a  slight  rise 
on  the  opposite  side  to  which  the  woods  extended.  Skirmishers 
advanced  and  engaged  those  of  the  enemy  with  vigor. 
The  enemy  had  a  battery  of  four  pieces  on  his  right,  and  one 
on  the  left,  which  for  some  minutes,  shelled  the  breastworks,  in 
which  the  First  Brigade  lay,  when  they  were  silenced  by  a  bat- 
tery on  the  right  and  the  shells  of  the  gunboats  in  the  rear. 
The  regiment  lay  in  support  during  the  afternoon  and,  during 
the  night,  threw  up  breastworks  on  the  crest  of  a  hill  overlook- 
ing an  open  field  of  a  mile  in  width  and  which  terminated  in 
other  hills  and  woods,  in  the  edge  of  which  the  morning  showed 

(343) 


344  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

the  enemy  entrenched — the  intermediate  space  being  occu- 
pied by  both  skirmishers,  who  fired  continuously. 

In  the  morning  the  command  was  relieved  from  these 
works,  and  in  the  afternoon  (28th)  marched  rapidly  down  to 
the  right  of  the  line  and  speedily  threw  up  some  works  and 
rested  for  a  couple  of  hours,  anticipating  a  flank  movement  of 
the  enemy,  and  at  the  same  time  being  in  supporting  distance 
of  the  cavalry  who  were  engaging  the  enemy  The  skirmishers 
who  had  been  out  all  the  afternoon  were  then  called  in,  and 
the  regiment  retraced  its  steps  to  the  scene  of  the  fight  of 
the  27th. 

Occupied  that  night  and  the  next  day  in  strengthening 
its  position.  At  dusk  fell  back  under  orders,  and  commenced 
the  return  march  toward  Petersburg,  which  was  reached  on 
the  30th  of  July,  and  were  immediately  placed  in  reserve  of 
the  Fifth  Corps,  who  occupied  the  front  line  of  works,  and 
who  had  been  heavily  engaged  all  day.  Remained  there  until 
7P  M.  exposed  to  the  enemy's  shells,  some  of  which  exploded 
in  the  brigade,  and  at  that  hour  proceeded  to  the  camp  vacated 
on  the  26th,  being  on  the  move  during  that  time,  and  the  men 
were  thoroughly  tired  out  by  their  four  days '  operations,  dur- 
ing which  they  marched  by  day  and  worked  by  night. 

Col.  Wass  had  been  mustered  out  on  the  28th,  his  term  of 
service  having  expired,  and  Lieut.  Col.  Rice  was  commissioned 
Colonel  but  the  depleted  numbers  of  the  regiment  did  not  allow 
of  promotions  to  fill  the  other  vacancies,  Captains  Merritt 
and  Hale  and  Lieut.  Driver  having  been  discharged  to  receive 
other  appointments. 

Lieut.  Col.  Rice  who  had  escaped  from,  prison,  returned 
to  the  regiment  with  a  new  set  of  colors  early  in  the  month 
of  August  and  at  once  assumed  command,  but  only  one  flag, 
the  National,  was  ever  carried  afterward.  He  found  the  com- 
mand in  very  bad  shape,  numerically,  as  an  official  report 
dated  August  16th,  1864,  shows.  The  enlisted  men  then 
borne  upon  the  rolls  numbered  486,  with  17  commissioned 
officers, —  a  total  of  503.  The  report  says:  "Anion  the  offi- 
cers are  included  the  following  Field  and  Staff;  one  Lieuten- 
ant Colonel,  one  Major,  two  Surgeons,  one  Quartermaster  and 


REORGANIZATION.  345 

one  Adjutant,  which  leaves  but  11  officers  (of  whom  only- 
two  are  present)  for  duty  The  command  in  the  field  num- 
bers 100.  Prisoners  of  war  and  absent,  sick  and  wounded 
which  latter  are  daily  returning,  convalescent  amount  now 
to  317,  the  balance  being  upon  detached  service  in  the  field. 
Only  two  First  Lieutenants  are  present,  one  of  them  acting 
as  Adjutant,  and  most  of  the  men  are  recruits." 

On  the  12th  of  August  another  movement  to  the  north 
of  the  James  was  begun.     The  little  command  broke   camp 
and  took  up  its  line  of  march  in  brigade  toward  City  Point 
which  was  reached  at  9.30  P.M.      There  the  men   embarked 
on  a  transport,  which  moved  out  and  anchored  with  the  rest 
of  the  fleet.      At  10  P.M.  the  boats  moved  down  the  river 
but,   under  cover   of  the  night,  returned    and    ascended    the 
James,  arriving  at  Deep  Bottom  at  midnight,  and  at  7  A.  M. 
of  the  14th,  the  men  debarked.    After  a  short  rest  the  regiment 
moved  off  in  brigade  and  occupied  the  ground  of  the  fight  of 
the  26th  ult.,  but  were  almost  immediately  sent  forward  to  the 
support  of  the  First  Division  which  were  engaging  the  enemy  - 
The  Nineteenth  received  its  share  of  the  shells  from  the  enemy, 
which  were    in  force   at    Strawberry    Plains,    or    Deep  Bot- 
tom Run.      The  men  remained  in  support  of  the  skirmishers 
until  4  P  M.,  when   the  regiment,  in  its  place  in  the  brigade, 
charged  the  enemy's  works,  which,  beside  being  of  a  formida- 
ble nature,  were  upon  the  opposite  side  of  a  deep  ravine.     The 
regiment  became  much  exposed  here  before  descending,  losing 
Privates  John  Ingalls,  of  Co.  D,  and  Benjamin  Nichols,  of  Co. 
G,  killed,  and  six  wounded.     They  succeeded  in  occupying  the 
enemy's  advanced  rifle  pits  until  night,  the  enemy's  main  posi- 
tion being  of  unusual  strength  and    situated  on  the  summit 
of  a  bluff.      Then  the  regiment  fell  back    under    orders,   and 
having  reformed  in  brigade,  took  up  a  position  in  the  rear  of 
the  works  which  had  been  thrown  up.     They  occupied    these 
works  during  the  following  day,  supporting  a  section  of  the 
Sixth  Maine  Battery,  which  opened  fire  at  1.45  P  M.  and  con- 
tinued   until  dusk.      Much   praise  was  given  the  Nineteenth 
as  most  of  its  men  were  recruits  recently  received. 


346  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  night  of  the  16th  was  spent  in  quietness.  On  the 
17th  there  was  very  heavy  firing  in  front  all  day-  Flags  of 
truce  were  sent  out  twice.  The  night  passed  as  did  the  pre- 
vious one.  At  4  P  M.  of  the  18th,  the  right  being  heavily 
engaged,  the  enemy  opened  fire  with  artillery  and  the  men  were 
placed  in  readiness  to  repel  any  advance  which  might  be  made. 
At  9  P  M.  the  command  took  ground  to  the  left,  which 
brought  it  in  proximity  to  the  river,  when  the  regiment, 
together  with  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  were  detailed  to 
throw  up  works,  which  occupied  the  night. 

During  the  day  and  night  of  the  19th  it  rained  incessantly 
and  nothing  of  importance  transpired  in  the  immediate  vicin- 
ity, beyond  that  the  enemy  was  observed  to  have  strength- 
ened his  position. 

At  dusk  of  the  20th  they  received  orders  to  retrace  steps 
toward  Petersburg.  The  night  being  very  dark  and  a  heavy 
rain  falling,  contributed  to  make  the  march  of  20  miles  in 
the  highest  degree  laborious.  At  midnight  of  the  20th  the 
regiment  crossed  the  Appomattox  on  pontoons  and  arrived  in 
camp  at  9  A.  M.  on  the  21st.  Notwithstanding  the  small 
strength  of  the  regiment,  it  performed  a  considerable  share  of 
the  picket  and  fatigue  duties  incidental  to  the  expedition  and 
in  the  charge  of  the  14th,  the  majority  of  the  recruits,  who  had 
never  been  under  fire  before,  behaved  in  a  manner  which  ex- 
ceeded expectation. 

On  arriving  in  front  of  Petersburg,  again  the  little  brigade 
immediately  moved  up  to  the  support  of  the  Fifth  Corps, 
which  had  again  been  engaged  with  the  enemy  and  had  lost 
heavily.  The  regiment  lay  in  support  until  the  evening  of 
the  23rd,  when  it  started  for  Ream's  Station  on  the  Welden 
Railroad,  and  upon  arrival  at  the  depot,  the  regiment  oc- 
cupied for  a  short  time  the  works  upon  the  north  side,  when 
it  was  ordered  out  as  skirmishers  to  protect  the  front  of  the 
remainder  of  the  brigade  (four  regiments)  which,  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Rice,  was  engaged  in  destroying,  in  a 
more  complete  manner,  railroad  property,  etc.,  which  had  been 
but  partially  damaged  by  the  cavalry.      Toward  evening  the 


REORGANIZATION.  347 

regiment  was  called  in,  and,  with  the  brigade,  occupied  the 
works  on  the  south  side  of  the  railroad. 

On  the  evening  of  the  25th  the  command,  in  the  brigade, 
lay  for  some  time  in  a  cornfield  near  the  road,  where  it  had 
moved  down  to  support  skirmishers  who  had  become  engaged 
with  those  of  the  enemy  and  who  also  were  in  support  of  a 
battery  which  lay  upon  the  left  front,  and  which  was  en- 
gaged with  some  of  the  enemy's  artillery.  Early  in  the  after- 
noon the  regiment  was  withdrawn  from  here  and  made  a 
detour  through  the  field  before  alluded  to,  arriving  in  the  rear 
of  the  First  Division,  Gen.  Miles,  which  occupied  the  works 
first  mentioned,  and  lay  in  close  support.  The  enemy  charged 
at  this  time  and  were  handsomely  repulsed.  About  3  PM. 
the  regiment  was  detached  from  the  brigade  and  occupied 
some  very  slight  works  on  the  rise  of  the  hill  in  rear  of  the 
cornfield,  and  in  the  rear  of  the  first  line  of  its  own,  Gibbon's, 
division.  It  was  in  easy  range  of  the  enemy's  musketry 
and  in  full  view  of  his  artillery. 

The  latter  was  not  slow  to  take  advantage  of  this  and 
opened  on  them  with  his  guns,  and  for  some  time  the  regi- 
ment was  under  a  terrific  fire  of  solid  shot  and  shell.  At 
this  time  the  right  of  the  troops  occupying  the  front  line  of 
works  were  flanked  and  driven  in  with  great  confusion,  and 
the  Nineteenth,  under  the  impression  that  the  brigade  was 
about  to  charge  and  endeavor  to  change  the  fortunes  of  the 
day, advanced  toward  the  enemy  on  the  "double-quick"  under 
a  galling  cross  fire,  but,  observing  that  the  regiment  alone 
had  charged,  it  was  halted  and  re-formed  behind  a  couple  of 
houses,  and  returned  and  took  its  place  in  the  brigade. 

The  enemy  had  by  this  time  turned  the  left  of  the  lines 
and  came  pouring  in,  the  fire  at  this  moment  coming  from 
three  points — front,  rear  and  left  flank  and  the  enemy's  shelling 
being  kept  up  with  much  effect,  this  command  was  withdrawn 
at  dusk,  being  the  last  to  leave  the  field.  Re-forming  in  the 
woods,  the  men  marched  to  the  rear  under  orders,  having 
lost  21  men  missing,  9  wounded  and  2  killed.  Only  three  of 
the  original  regiment  was  in  service  at  this  time. 


348         the  nineteenth  massachusetts  regiment. 

Casualties  at  Reams  Station,  Aug.  25,  1864. 

Co.  F.      Capt.  Isaac  N.  Mudgett,  captured  by  the  enemy. 
Co.  H.     Private  John  Lee,  wounded. 
Co.  D.     Private  George  Soper,  wounded. 

missing  in  action: 
Co.  A.      Private  Benjamin  Adams, 
James  E.  Beatty 
William  Robinson 

B.  Wm.  P  Edwards 
Richard  Doherty 
Stephen  J.  Younger 

C.  Wm.  Farnham 
Job  Foster 
Wm.  Richardson 
Eben  D.  Poole 

D.  John  Hagan 
Edward  Joy 

E.  Peter  Johnson 
F                 John  Lee 

James  Smith 
Thomas  Meagher 
H.  EdwardfMcKenna 

Sydney  Smith 
Earnest  Krantz 
Charles  Dean 
Joseph  Hill 

These  casualties  occurred  during  the  last  charge  of  the 
enemy  which  took  place  at  dark  and  they  were  all  marked 
'  'Missing  in  Action.  ' '  They  were  captured,  confined  in  Libby 
Prison  and  paroled  on  Sept.  24th,  1864. 

On  the  30th  of  August  the  command  Avent  into  camp  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  ' '  Williams  House,"  and  while  there  the 
discharge  of  90  men,  whose  terms  of  service  had  expired,  was 
effected. 

The  Monthly  Report,  dated  August  31,  shows  the  following: 


REORGANIZATION.  349 

Present:    Commissioned  officers,  for  duty,  5 

Acting  Adjutant,  1     6 

Enlisted  men,  for  duty,  72 

Absent:       Commissioned  Officers, 

On  detached  service,  4 

With  leave,  L 

Sick,  7        12 

Enlisted  men,  on  detached  service,  30 

Sick,  265 

In  arrest,  2       297 

Loss:       Commissioned  officers,  Mastered  out,  5 
Enlisted  men,  discharged,  exp.  of  service,        90 

Killed  in  action,  2 

Missing  in  action,  3 

Prisoners  of  war,  20 

Deserted,  5       122 

Wounded  in  action,  17 

While  the  regiment  had  been  so  busily  engaged,  the  fol- 
lowing self-explanatory  orders  were  issued,  which  reflected 
much  credit  upon  this  command: 

Headquarters  2nd  Army  Corps, 

Sept.  19th,  1864. 
"Circular" 

Division  commanders  will  send  in  as  early  as  prac-% 
ticable  requisitions  for  Spencer  rifles  to  arm  one  or  two  good 
regiments  in  each  division. 

By  command  of  Major  General  Hancock, 

Signed,  William  Wilson, 

A.  A.  A.  G 

Headquarters  2nd  Div.  2nd  Army  "Cori's. 

Sept.   20th,  1S64. 
Official. 

The  First  Delaware  Volunteers  and  the  19th  Mass- 
achusetts Volunteers  are  hereby  designated  as  the  regiments 


350  THE    NINETEENTH   MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

to  bear  the  above  arm.     The  commanders  of  the  above  named 
regiments  will  at  once  send  in  requisitions  for  the  same. 

By  order  of  Col.  Thos.  A.  Smythe, 

Com'd'g  Division, 
Signed,    A.  Henry  Embler, 

Capt.  &.  A.  A.  A.  G. 


CHAPTER  XLII. 

BATTERIES    ELEVEN    AND   TWELVE    AND   FORT    RICE. 
BATTLE    AT    BOYDTON    PLANK   ROAD. 

The  duty  at  Batteries  Eleven  and  Twelve  and  Fort  Rice 
was  laborious  and  trying  in  the  highest  degree,  one-third  of  the 
men  being  constantly  under  arms,  and  the  remainder  were  usu- 
ally absorbed  by  heavy  picket  or  fatigue  details.  Artillery  firing 
took  place  daily,  but  owing  to  the  protection  afforded  by  trav- 
erses and  bomb  proofs  (erected  by  the  men  under  command 
of  Col.  Rice,  commanding  the  garrison)  they  lost  but  one  man 
killed  and  one  wounded  while  "on  the  line." 

Being  relieved  at  Fort  Rice  on  the  24th  of  October,  the 
men  went  to  the  rear  and  "massed"  in  division,  the  Division 
then  being  commanded  by  Gen.  Egan.  At  2  P  M.  of  the  26th 
they  went  upon  a  reconnoissance  upon  the  left;  halted  and 
bivouacked  for  the  night  on  the  old  battle  ground  of  the  Fifth 
Corps,  on  the  Welden  Road.  About  3  A.  M.  of  the  27th  the 
march  was  resumed  and  shortly  after  daylight  came  upon  the 
enemy  in  force  and  intrenched.  The  Division  charged  and  drove 
them  out  of  their  works  in  haste.  The  First  Brigade  formed 
in  line  of  battle  and  the  Nineteenth  was  deployed  as  skirmishers 
when  the  whole  advanced.  The  men  skirmished  all  the 
morning  and  advanced  their  lines  a  couple  of  miles.  Finally 
the  enemy  withdrew  and  the  regiment  was  called  in  and  marched 
rapidly  to  the  left.  Upon  striking  the  Boydton  Plank  Road, 
the  regiment  again  formed  in  line  of  battle,  under  a  heavy  fire 
of  artillery  But  one  of  the  Division's  batteries  opened  upon 
the  enemy  and  he  withdrew  his  guns  almost  immediately  The 
regiment  then  advanced  down  the  road  and  formed  in  line  of 
battle  in  a  large  field.  The  engagement  now  became  general 
and  fierce,  and  owing  to  the  superior  numbers  of  the  enemy, 

(351) 


352  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

4  P,  M.  found  the  men  nearly  surrounded  and  fighting  in  every 
direction.  Half  of  the  regiment  was  sent  out  as  skirmishers, 
and  captured  five  officers  and  50  men  and  the  colors  of  the  Forty 
Seventh  North  Carolina  regiment.  The  colors  were  taken  by  Sergt. 
Daniel  Murphy,  who  was  especially  deputed  by  the  command- 
ing officer  to  present  them  to  the  Secretary  of  "War,  which  he 
did,  and  received  a  medal  of  honor  from  that  official. 

The  Seventh  Michigan  having  also  taken  a  large  num- 
ber of  prisoners, the  assistance  of  the  remainder  of  the  regiment 
was  called  to  aid  in  bringing  them  in.  At  5  P,  M.  the  fight- 
ing ceased  and  at  9  P  M.  the  troops  were  withdrawn.  Thirty 
men  of  the  regiment  were  left  on  the  skirmish  line,  under  Lieu- 
tenants Condon  and  Aytoun  all  night,  and  the  next  morning, 
on  finding  that  the  troops  had  been  withdrawn,  they  made  their 
escape,  during  which  they  were  attacked  by  the  enemy's 
cavalry  and  three  fell' into  the  hands  of  the  latter. 

The  regiment  lost  11  "missing  in  action"  as  follows: 

Co.  C.  Sergt.  E.  A.  Nichols. 
Co.  A.  Private  Geo.  F  Francis. 
Co.  B.  Nicholas  Doyle. 

James  P  Brown. 
Co.  C.  James  Craig. 

S.  S.  Lee. 

Charles  Payson. 

E.   Tuttle. 
Co.  G.  D.  Mahoney. 
Co.  H.  Octave  Bennett. 
Co.  I.    Chas.  Routnair. 

The  regimental  return  for  October,  1864,   makes  note  of 
the  following  changes  in  the  command. 
Captain  Elisha  A.Hinks,  discharged  for  disability,  on  account  of 

wounds,  Oct.  7th,  1862. 
Capt.  Wm. F.Rice, discharged,  expiration  of  service,  Oct. 9, 1864- 
Quartermaster  Thomas  F  Winthrop,  discharged,  expiration  of 

service,  October  9th,  1864. 
Lieut.  Chas.  S.  Palmer,  discharged,  expiration  of  service,  Oct. 

9,  1864. 


BATTERIES    ELEVEN   AND   TWELVE    AND    FORT    RICE.         353 

Capt.  Isaac  N.  Mudgett,  transferred  by  S.  O.  250,  W  B\,  Oct. 

21st,  1864. 
Lieut.  Geo.  M.  Ritchie,  promoted  from  Quartermaster  Sergeant, 

Oct.  21. 
Lieut.  J.  Frederick  Aytoun,  promoted  from  Sergeant,  Oct  13th, 

1864. 
Lieut.  Ed.  N.  Schoff,  promoted  from  hospital  steward,  Oct. 

21,  1864. 

Gain:    October  21  1864. 

First  Andrew  Sharpshooters,  consolidated  with  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts,  by  S.  O.  289,  W  D.,  A.  G.  O. 

Co.  K.  Sergt.  Chas.  Harrington. 
Corp.  Samuel  D.  Chase. 
Private  Marcus  P  Arnold. 
Private  Noah  Bentley. 
Private  Ed.  Bestwick. 
Private  Geo.  E.  Franklin. 
Private  Frank  Matto. 
Private  A.  G.  Plympton. 
Private  Lott  I.  Randall. 
Private  Thomas  C.  Smith. 
Private  Wm.  H.  Warner. 
Private  Henry  L.  Wheelock. 
Private  Chas.  0.  Wolcott. 
Private  James  F  Woodruff. 
Private  Joseph  A.  Young. 

The  regiment  was,  on  the  1st  of  November,  ordered  up  to 
the  front  to  form  part  of  the  garrison  of  Fort  Steadman  and 
Battery  10,  the  most  important  works  on  the  line,  and  in  close 
proximity  (270  yards)  tojthe  enemy's.  The  regiment  remained 
there  during  the  month  of  November,  which  was  very  rainy. 
Picket  duty  was  very  hard,  and,  as  was  the  custom,  one-third 
of  the  men  were  always  under  arms. 

The  life  was  somewhat  exciting.  The  officers  living  in 
tents, while  all  the  others  lived  in  bomb  proofs,  had  more  than  their 
share  of  the  risks.     Their  tents  were  never  disturbed  by  a  shell 


354  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

although  pieces  of  bursting  shells  often  fell  near  them.  During 
the  evenings  the  officers  would  sit  down  to  a  game  of  euchre 
and  perhaps  in  the  middle  of  a  hand  they  would  find  it  nec- 
essary to  turn  out  the  men  and  prepare  to  receive  an  attack. 
At  such  times,  it  usually  was  "Lieutenant,  remember  it's  your 
turn."  "Yes,  who  dealt?"  After  the  alarm  was  over,  they 
would  come  back,  pick  up  their  cards  and  continue  the  game. 

During  the  stay  here,  Captain  J.  G.  C.  Dodge  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  61st  Massachusetts  Vols,  and  promoted  to  Major 
therein. 

The  enemy  plied  their  mortar  shells,  etc.,  often  and  with 
vigor  against,  the  works.  The  impression  prevailing  that  the 
fort  was  being  undermined,  counter-mining  took  place,  in 
which  operation  this  regiment  participated. 

A  Division  of  the  Corps  relieving  the  Second  Division 
on  the  29th  of  November,  the  regiment  went  down  to  the 
extreme  left  on  the  30th  and  on  December  1st,  received  orders 
and  proceeded  to  build  winter  quarters.  They  were  but  partly 
finished  when  the  Nineteenth  was  ordered  away  and  were 
again  assigned  the  duty  of  occupying  trenches  and  other  works 
on  the  left  and  front  of  the  line. 

On  the  12th  of  December  the  men  were  ordered  to  the 
rear,  and,  in  conjunction  with  the  Seventh  Michigan,  garrisoned 
Fort  Emory  on  the  Vaughan  Road  and  there  remained  until 
the  operations  of  the  spring  campaign  began. 

On  the  15th,  Gen.  Meade  made  a  presentation  of  medals  to 
men  who  had  captured  colors  during  the  campaign  of  1863, 
when  Sergeants  Jellison  and  De  Castro  were  made  recipients 
of  two  medals  of  honor,  in  recognition  of  gallantry  on  the 
field  of  Gettysburg. 

Two  other  non-commissioned  officers  of  this  regiment,  who 
had  taken  colors  from  the  enemy,  viz:  Sergeants  Benjamin 
Falls  and  Samuel  E.  Viall,  were  not  spared  to  this  proud 
honor,  having  met  a  soldier's  death  during  the  present 
campaign. 

The  regiment  had  to  lament  the  loss  of  Lieut.  John 
J.  Ferris,  who  had  been  promoted  from  the  rank  of  pri- 
vate, step   by    step,  for  soldierly    qualities,  but  particularly 


BATTERIES    ELEVEN    AND   TWELVE    AND    FORT    RICE.        6 

for  his  coolness  and  bravery  in  action.  Captain  Mumford 
and  Lieutenant  Thompson  also  met  their  deaths  in  the  fearless 
discharge  of  their  duties  and  during  the  following  actions 
respectively;  12th  of  May,  Spottsylvania  Court  House;  31st 
of  May,  Jones '  Farm,  and  3d  of  June,  Cold  Harbor.  Captain 
Hinks  was  severely  wounded  in  this  engagement,  after 
having  acquitted  himself  with  marked  bravery  during  the 
preceding  part  of  the  campaign.  The  regiment  also  sustained 
severe  loss  by  the  death  of  valuable  and  efficient  non-com- 
missioned officers,  among  whom  may  be  mentioned  Sergeants 
Falls,  Russell,  Brown,  Ross  and  Viall. 

The  regiment  commenced  the  campaign  with  7  officers 
and  211  men.  Of  the  former  3  were  killed,  1  severely  wounded, 
and  3  captured.  There  were  received,  during  the  campaign 
recruits  and  convalescents  to  the  number  of  275,  and 
out  of  these  (486  men  in  all),  but  27  remained  present 
for  duty. 

The  roster  on  Dec.  31,  1864,  showed  the  following: 

37 


Gain,  by  recruits  from  depot, 

Condition, 

Present, 

Commissioned  officers, 

7 

For  duty, 

7 

On  extra  or  daily  duty, 

5 

Enlisted  men, 

For  duty, 

128 

On  extra  or  daily  duty, 

31 

Absent, 

Commissioned  officers, 

Sick, 

7 

Enlisted  men, 

On  detached  service, 

5 

With   leave, 

2 

Sick, 

338 

In  arrest, 

5 

Present  and  absent, 

Commissioned   officers, 

19 

Enlisted  men, 

509 

12 


159 


350 


528 


356  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

The  Monthly  Return,  dated   Jan.  31st,  1865,  showed 
the  following: 

Lieut.  Col.  Edmund    Rice,  present. 
Surgeon  Gustavus  P   Pratt,  present. 
Adjt.  Fred  J.  Aytoun,  present. 
Regimental  Quartermaster  Geo.  M.  Ritchie,  present. 
Co.  A.         Capt.  Isaac  H.  Boyd,  on  detached  service,  Inspector 
1st  Brig.  1st.  Div. 
First  Lieut.  Wm.  M.  Curtis,  prisoner  of  war. 
Co.  B.         Capt.  Wm.  E.  Barrows,  on  detached  service,  A.  D. 
C.  to  Maj.  Gen.  Webb. 
First.  Lieut.  Jos.  E.  Hodgkins,  present. 
Co.  C.  First  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Stone,  present. 

Co.  D.  Capt.  Moncena  Dunn,  prisoner  of  war. 

First  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  McGinnis,  prisoner  of  war. 
Second  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Tibbets,  present,  promoted 
Jan.  28,  1863. 
Co.  E.  Capt.  I.  N.  Mudgett,  prisoner,  of  war. 

First    Lieut.   Ed.  N.  ScTioff,    on  detached  service, 
acting  provost  marshall  2nd  Div.  2nd  Corps. 
Co.  G.  Capt.  John  P    Congdon . 

Co.  H.         First  Lieut.  D  J.  M.  A.  Jewett. 
Co.  I.  First  Lieut.  J.  G.  B.  Adams,  prisoner  of  war. 

Second  Lieut.   John  T.    Ross,  present,  promoted, 
Jan.  25,  1865. 
Co.  K.  Capt.  L.  J.  Hume,  paroled  prisoner   of  war,  Dec. 

11,  1864. 
First  Lieut.  Jos.  Libby,  present. 

Recruits  received  from  depot,     19. 
On  January  24th,  First  Lieut.  Jos.  E.  Hodgkins,  who  had 
just  returned  from  Andersonville  prison,  was  assigned  to  Co. 
B.  and  placed  in  command  of  it. 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 

hatchek's  run. 
news  of  lee's  surrender. 

From  December  16,  1864,  until  February  5,  1865,  the 
regiment  remained  at  Fort  Emory,  on  the  Vaughan  Road.  On 
February  5,  marching  orders  were  received.  At  5  A.  M.  the 
regiment  joined  the  brigade  and  marched  out  on  to  the 
Vaughan  Road  to  take  part  in  the  expedition  which  ended 
in  the  battle  of  Hatcher's  Run. 

They  tramped  to  within  half  of  a  mile  of  the  junction 
of  the  Gravelly  Run  and  the  Vaughan  Road,  where  the  corps 
massed.  Gen.  Humphreys  ,had  succeeded  Gen.  Hancock  in 
command  of  the  corps.  The  division  was  commanded  by  Gen. 
William  Hays,  although  at  this  particular  time  it  was  in  charge 
of  Gen.  Thomas  A.  Symth,  of  the  Third  Brigade,  while  the 
Second  Brigade  was  in  charge  of  Col.  William  A.  Olmstead  of 
the  59th  New  York  Regiment. 

General  Smyth  was  ordered  to  send  one  of  his  regiments 
out  to  find  the  enemy  and  feel  their  position.  For  this  impor- 
tant work  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  detailed.  Col. 
Rice  at  once  advanced  the  regiment  as  ordered  ,and  struck  the 
enemy's  skirmishers  near  the  junction  of  the  roads,  where  the 
enemy  occupied  a  position  naturally  strong,  which  they  had 
covered  with  strong  earthworks.  The  salient  of  their  position 
was  the  house  and  mill  of  Mr.  Armstrong,  where  the  enemy  had 
concentrated  their  greatest  force.  Five  companies  of  the  Nine- 
teenth deployed  as  skirmishers  to  the  right  of  the  house,  two 
in  its  front,  and  one  to  the  left;  the  remaining  companies  in 
support  advanced,  engaged  the  enemy's  skirmishers  and  drove 
them  back  on  their  lines  of  battle,  and  carried  the  enemy's 
works  near  the  ford,  fighting  heavily  and  constantly. 

(357) 


358  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

During  this  fighting,  Lieut.  William  H.  Tibbetts,  of  Co.  E, 
was  killed  while  attempting  to  force  a  passage  of  the  Run  with 
his  little  company-  He  was  a  brave  and  skillful  officer  and 
his  conduct  and  memory  will  never  be  forgotten.  He  had 
been   promoted  only  five    days  before,  from  Sergeant  Major. 

Col.  Rice  ordered  a  stretcher  to  be  brought  out  for  him, 
and  Co.  A.  and  Co.  B.  under  Lieut.  Hodgkins  were  sent  out  to 
relieve  his  command.  They  advanced  on  the  double  quick  and 
reached  the  position  without  injury  although  the  bullets  fell 
thickly  about  them.  Lieut.  Tibbetts  was  taken  to  the  rear 
where  he  died  in  a  short  time.  Robert  E.  Pike,  of  Co.  E,  was 
also  found  to  have  been  killed  and  three  of  the  men  had  been 
wounded. 

The  enemy  in  front  of  Companies  A  and  B  disappeared 
suddenly,  and  for  two  hours  nothing  was  seen  of  them. 
Finally  a  large  company  of  rebels  led  by  an  officer  on  horse 
back  was  seen  going  on  the  double-quick  for  a  small  redoubt 
directly  in  front  of  the  little  command  from  the  Nineteenth. 
Several  volleys  were  fired  at  them,  but  despite  these  the 
enemy  gained  the  shelter  and  immediately  opened  a  terrible  fire 
which  drove  the  two  companies  back  to  the  rear  and  right. 

Soon  afterward  the  regiment  advanced  and  silenced  them 
and  they  declined  to  contest  further  at  this  point.  At  about 
2  PM.  the  men  threw  up  light  rifle  pits  which  were  occupied 
at  4  P  M.  Then  the  enemy  opened  a  furious  fire  of  shot 
and  shell,  simultaneously  with  the  works  in  front  but  with 
no  effect  upon  the  Nineteenth.  During  the  night  the  firing 
was  light  and  confined  to  the  pickets,  the  regiment  continuing 
to  occupy  the  works. 

Casualties,— Feb.  5th,  1865. 

Killed,— Second  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Tibbetts. 
Private  R.  E.  Pike,  Co.  E. 

Wounded,  Private  William  Mills,  Co.  A,  left  arm. 
Private  M.  Gorey,  Co.  E,  abdomen. 
Sergt.  Daniel  J.  Murphy,  Co.  F,  abdomen. 


hatcher's  run.  359 

Everything  remained  in  comparative  quiet  until  4  P  M., 
Feb.  6,  when,  upon  advance  of  the  Fifth  Corps,  the  enemy- 
opened  with  great  vigor  upon  their  whole  line.  After  fighting 
about  an  hour  and  a  half,  the  Fifth  Corps  fell  back  hastily, 
and  in  some  confusion,  leaving  this  regiment  (in  the  extreme 
advance)  in  a  very  exposed  position,  its  left  flank  entirely 
exposed  to  the  enemy,  from  which,  however,  the  regiment 
extracted  itself  without  leaving  its  position.  During  the 
night  of  the  6th  the  firing  was  confined  to  the  pickets. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  7th  the  Fifth  Corps  again  ad- 
vanced and  succeeded  in  recovering  their  position.  During 
the  day  a  heavy  shower  of  rain  and  snow  rendered  military 
movements  almost  impossible. 

On  the  8th  the  men  began  throwing  up  a  permanent  line 
of  works,  and  on  the  10th  commenced  a  new  winter  camp 
in  rear  of  the  line,  without  anything  of  importance  occurring 
until  the  25th  of  March,  except  a  Corps  review  by  Gen.  Grant, 
Gen.  Meade  and  others  on  March  11th. 

There  were  135  recruits  received  at  this  camp,  and  the 
following  transfers  are  recorded: 

Major  Moncena   Dunn,  prisoner  of  war,  since  June  22,  1864, 

promoted  from  Cap't.,  Co.  D. 
Co.  D.  First  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  McGinnis,   prisoner  of  war, 

transferred  from  Co.  E. 
E.  First  Lieut.  John  T.  Ross,  in  command  of  com- 

pany,  appointed  to  company  since  last  return. 
I.  First  Lieut.  Chas.  C.  Filley,  in  command  of  com- 

pany, appointed  to  company  since  last  return. 
Transfers  : 
B.  Sergt.  William  Elliot. 

B.  Sergt._  Harrison  Bowyer,  from  Co.  K,  Feb.  19th. 

D.  Sergt.  Ernest  A.  Nichols,  from  Co.  C,  Feb.  1st. 

E.  Sergt.  John  O'Brien,  from  Co.  D,  Feb.  1st. 
E.  Sergt.  John  H.  Steele,  from  Co.  C,  Feb.  1st. 
K.            Corp.  William  Tirrell,  from  Co.  H,  Feb.  1st. 

K.  Private  Wm.  Edward  Fletcher,  fromCo.  C,  Feb.  1st. 

K.  Quartermaster  Sergt.  John  Lee,  from  Co.  F,  Feb.  1st. 


360  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  dawn  of  March  25  was  ushered  in  by  the  sullen  roar 
of  the  hostile  artillery  at  Fort  Steadman,  when  Gen.  Lee  made 
that  morning  the  last  attack  -upon  the  Union  lines  which  he 
ever  had  the  audacity  to  make.  Every  one  was  on  the  qui  vive. 
Gen.  Humphreys,  with  his  accustomed  promptitude,  instantly 
took  advantage  of  ,the  enemy  having  depleted  his  forces  to 
swell  the  column  of  attack  on  the  right.  Shortly  the  Second 
Corps  was  in  motion  and  early  in  the  day  threw  itself  with  its 
traditional  vigor  and  impetuosity  upon  the  advanced  lines  of 
Lee  which  were  carried  and  held  with  small  loss.  The  Nine- 
teenth Massachusetts  regiment,  for  the  first  time  in  its  history, 
became  the  spectators  of  a  great  action.  The  First  and  Second 
Divisions  being  held  in  reserve,  no  loss  was  sustained  by  this 
regiment,  which  supported,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  day,  the 
Tenth  Massachusetts  Battery.  At  dark,  the  Brigade  moved 
out  on  the  cross  roads  about  two  miles.  At  IIP,  M.  returned 
to  the  works  and  lay  on  their  arms  until  3  A.  M.  of  the  26th, 
when  they  returned  to  camp  and  occupied  their  old  quarters. 

On  the  night  of  the  28th  it  became  known  that  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  would  move  on  the  enemy's  works  the  following 
day.  That  night  the  regiment  went  out  on  picket  upon  the  ad- 
vanced line  near  Hatcher's  Run,  occupying  ground  held  by  the 
enemy  on  the  morning  of  the  25th.  At  9  A.  M.  of  the  29th  the 
regiment  moved  to  join  the  corps,  being  relieved  by  the  One 
Hundredth  New  York  and  Eleventh  Maine  of  the  Fourth  Corps. 
At  11  A.  M.  rejoined  the  corps  upon  the  ground  formerly  oc- 
cupied by  the  Fifth  Corps.  During  the  afternoon  a  rapid  advance 
was  made.  After  heavy  skirmishing  the  enemy  abandoned  their 
advanced  line  immediately  in  front  of  Dabney's  Mills.  The 
Corps  occupied  these  works  during  the  night.  In  the  morning 
this  regiment  advanced  with  the  Corps  in  line  of  battle  through 
woods  and  slashing  about  one  mile,  and  occupied  a  crest  of  land 
at  the  Burgess  House,  immediately  in  front  of  the  salient  of  the 
enemy's  interor  line.  Here  the  men  lay  all  day,  during  a  heavy 
rain  and  constant  skirmishing,  without  loss.  Part  of  the  troops 
were  engaged  all  day  in  throwing  up  works  in  the  front. 

On  Friday,  the  31st,  the  regiment  moved  to  the  left  of  the 
works,  and  moved  still  further  to  the  left  hourly  during  the  day. 


hatcher's  run.  361 

Heavy  fighting  by  the  Fifth  Corps,  First  Division,  Second  Corps 
and  cavalry  on  the  left.  Heavy  firing  on  the  flank  in  the  after, 
noon,  but  without  loss  in  the  Nineteenth.  At  night  moved 
still  further  to  the  left  and  took  part  in  support  of  General 
Mott,  one  half  mile  east  of  the  Boydton  Plank  Road. 

On  Saturday,  April  1,  the  regiment  moved  to  the  right, 
nearly  to  the  old  position,  at  the  Burgess  House;  remained  there 
until  5  P  M.,when  they  were  moved  out  in  front  and  began  to 
throw  up  a  new  line  of  works,  with  the  right  advanced.  Heavy 
cannonading  was  carried  on  at  the  right  nearly  all  day.  At 
that  time  the  Confederate  lines  had  been  pushed  back  to  the 
Burgess  Mill,  near  the  junction  of  the  Boydton  and  White 
Oaks  Road,  where  there  were  two  earthwork  forts  with 
three  guns. 

At  6  A.M.  April  2nd,  the  regiment  moved  out  to  the  picket 
line  at  the  front  and  right,  in  close  skirmish  order,  with  the 
Seventh  Michigan  and  Thirty-Sixth  Wisconsin  Volunteers. 
The  regiment  took  cover  under  a  slight  ridge  of  land  after 
moving  through  200  yards  of  slashing.  They  got  to  within 
100  yards  of  the  enemy's  chief  fort  undiscovered.  They 
were  then  ordered  to  lie  down  and  rest. 

Under  cover  of  the  fog,  the  sharpshooters  attached  to 
the  Nineteenth  regiment  (Old  First  Company  Andrew  Sharp- 
shooters) were  advanced  to  the  front  of  the  ridge  to  pick  off  the 
enemy's  artillery  men,  and  protect  the  advance  of  the  infantry 
At  6.30  as  the  fog  lifted,  the  order  came  "  Upward  and  Forward" 
and  the  regiment  rushed  out  with  a  wild  yell,  receiving  a  heavy 
fire;the  resistless  impetuosity  of  their  advance  did  not,  however, 
allow  of  the  enemy's  giving  them  but  one  volley.  The  regiment 
poured  over  the  ramparts  on  all  sides  and  the  fort  was  won. 
Many  prisoners  were  taken  here. 

The  right  companies  then  moved  up  the  right  flank  and 
captured  the  small  fort  on  the  right  of  the  first  one.  The  fort 
first  spoken  of  contained  two  brass  12-pounders  and  three 
caissons;  that  on  the  right  one  brass  Howitzer.  The  prisoners 
numbered  150.  The  right  companies  then  advanced  through  the 
heavy  slashing  in  the  rear  of  this  line,  and  vigorously  followed 
the  confounded  and  terror  stricken  fugitives  from  the  captured 


362  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

line  of  works.  Part  crossed  the  Run  with  the  seventh  Mich- 
igan Volunteers  and  swelled  the  number  of  prisoners  rapidly 
to  700.  Shortly  after,  the  regiment  re-assembled,  joined  the 
Brigade  and  advanced  to  Petersburg  by  the  Boydton 
Plank  Road. 

Upon  reaching  within  three  miles  of  the  city  the  Corps 
wheeled  to  the  left  and  camped  for  the  night  at  Sutherland 
Station,  on  the  South  Side  Railroad.  The  loss  in  this  command 
during  the  day's  operations  was : 

Lieut.  J.  E.  Hodgkins,  wounded,  ankle. 

Private  Charles  Gooch,  killed. 

Henry  Hilton,  wounded,  mortally. 

Charles  Koppitz,  wounded. 

George  Clay,  wounded. 

Returning  the  next  morning  nearly  to  Petersburg,  the  regi- 
ment was  gratified  by  the  intelligence  that  the  city  had  fallen, 
and  set  out  in  pursuit  of  the  fleeing  army.  This  pursuit  was 
continued  until  the  surrender,  six  days  later,  but  during  that 
time  some  severe  engagements  took  place.  The  men  rested 
until  2.  P.  M.,  then  marched  back  by  the  same  road,  halting 
14  miles  nearer  Burkesville  than  on  the  previous  night.  Camped 
at  10.50  and,  next  morning,  at  7  A.  M.,  moved  again,  halting 
at  Jettsville.  On  the  5th  the  division  camped  at  dark  at 
Burkesville. 

On  the  6th  they  marched  until  9.  A.  M.  Heavy  fighting 
was  going  on  at  the  front  all  day.  The  men  went  on  picket 
in  front  of  the  brigade  at  9  A.  M.  on  the  7th,  two  miles  from 
Blacks  and  Whites,  upon  the  Bush  River.  On  the  following 
day  they  marched  at  7.15,  the  regiment  following  in  rear  of 
the  First  Division.  They  crossed  Bush  River  at  High  Bridges 
and  joined  the  brigade  in  front  of  Farmville  at  11  A.  M. 
Heavy  fighting  was  going  on  all  about  them.  The  Seventh 
Michigan  and  Fifty-Ninth  New  York  were  here  captured  by 
the  enemy  nearly  en  masse  at  1  P  M.  A  general  advance  was 
made  by  the  Sixth  and  Second  Corps.  The  enemy  abandoned 
Farmville,  and  the  division  was  instantly  pushed  to  the  right 
of  the  town  and  formed  in  line  of  battle.     At  3.  P.  M.  heavy 


hatcher's  run.  363 

fighting  began  on  the  right;  the  Division  at  once  advanced 
at  "double-quick"  for  three  miles,  to  support  the  overmatched 
First  Division.  Upon  arriving  at  the  field  of  battle  they  formed 
line  on  the  right  and  on  the  rear  of  the  First  Division,  cover- 
ing their  flank.  At  nightfall  the  Division  changed  front  forward 
on  left  battalion  and  threw  up  works.  In  this  action  Capt. 
Isaac  H.  Boyd,  who  had  been  commissioned,  but  not  mustered 
as  Major,  and  was  acting  Asst.  Inspector  General  of  the  First 
Brigade,  First  Division,  Second  Corps,  was  mortally  wounded. 

Saturday,  the  8th,  was  consumed  in  advancing  alternately 
in  line  of  battle  and  by  the  flank  until  12 :30  that  night,  skir- 
mishing vigorously  at  times  all  day. 

On  April  9th  the  regiment  marched  at  8  A.  M.  and  pur- 
sued the  enemy  to  within  two  miles  of  Clover  Hill,  or  Appo- 
mattox Court  House.  In  a  few  hours  it  was  announced  to  the 
troops  that  General  Lee  and  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia 
had  surrendered  to  General  Grant  and  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac. General  Meade  rode  through  the  lines  at  5  P  M.,  amid 
the  wildest  enthusiasm.  All  was  quiet  until  10  A.  M.,  April  11 
when  the  Corps  began  its  march  back  to  Burkesville,  Va.  That 
place  was  reached  at  7  A.  M.,  April  13.  Two  days  jlater  the 
regiment  went  into  camp  upon  higher  ground,  where  the  men 
remained  until  2  P  M.  on  May  2,  when  the  Corps  marched 
toward  Richmond  and  passed  through  that  place  on  M'ay  6. 
At  Fredericksburg  on  May  11a  very  heavy  thunderstorm  and 
hail  storm  was  experienced  and  the  water  was  frequently  knee 
deep.  The  column  reached  Vienna  on  the  13th  and  rested  on 
the  14th. 

On  the  15th  of  May  the  regiment    marched    to    Bailey's 
Cross  Roads,  Va.,  and  went  into  camp. 


CHAPTER  XLIV 

IN    CAMP   AT   BAILEY'S   CROSS    ROADS. 
MUSTER    OUT. 

The  regiment  had  by  this  time  become  entirely  different 
in  its  make  up  to  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  of  1861,  and 
and  the  addition  of  many  recruits  of  all  nationalities  lent  much 
to  its  picturesqueness. 

Here  nothing  of  interest  occurred  until  May  23,  when  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  passed  in  review  before  President  John- 
son and  Lieutenant  General  Grant. 

This  was  a  great  event.  Most  of  the  previous  day  was 
spent  in  preparation,  cleaning  guns,  polishing  brasses  and 
blacking  equipments  and  boots.  No  knapsacks  or  equipments 
were  to  be  carried.  Colonel  Rice  wanted  to  make  it  as  easy 
for  the  men  as  possible  and  they  would  march  much  easier 
and  make  a  better  appearance  without  them.  The  tin  re- 
ceptacles for  cartridges  were  taken  out  of  the  cartridge  boxes 
and  sandwiches  of  bread  and  pork  put  in  their  places  for  the 
men's  dinners. 

At  sunrise  they  started,  each  man  carrying  in  his  ' '  inside 
pocket  "  a  pair  of  white  gloves  to  be  put  on  at  the  proper 
time. 

On  reaching  the  city,  the  Nineteenth  marched  to  the 
East  of  the  Capitol  building  where  the  Division  was  massed 
in  side  streets  to  await  its  turn.  Men  were  brought  along 
with  the  regiment  to  carry  blacking  and  brushes  and  while 
waiting  in  line,  the  veterans  brushed  up  and  ate  their  lunches 

The  white    gloves  were  to  be  put  on  ' '  just  before  they 
started,"  but  that  time  was  so  often  that  the  men  nearly  wore 
them  out  drawing  them  on  and  off. 
(364)  - 


IN    CAMP    AT    BAILEY'S    CROSS    ROADS.  365 

Finally  the  end  of  the  tramping  column  appeared  and  the 
Nineteenth  filed  into  its  place  in  the  line  late  in  the  afternoon 
— the  column  had  been  marching  many  hours — and  marched 
down  past  the  Capitol  where  an  immense  crowd  was  assembled, 
and  then  out  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 

So  many  persons  lined  the  streets  as  to  leave  hardly  room 
for  the  regiment  to  march. 

In  the  centre  of  a  vast  assemblage  of  brilliant  uniforms  at 
a  point  on  the  line  of  march,  sat  General  U.  S.  Grant,  while  in 
the  chair,  which,  but  for  the  fanatic  Booth,  would  have  been 
filled  by  Abraham  Lincoln,  sat  President  Andrew  Johnson. 

No  halt  was  made  until  the  regiment  had  crossed  the 
Aqueduct  Bridge  into  Virginia  and  was  well  on  the  way  to  camp. 
This  was  the  last  march  the  old  Second  Corps  ever  made. 

Although  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  never  presented  a 
finer  appearance  than  on  that  day,  and  the  Second  Division 
was  admitted  to  be  one  of  the  finest  divisions  in  the  Army, 
the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  was  adjudged  to  be  the  best 
regiment  in  its  Corps  for  appearance,  discipline  and  instruc- 
tion. Those  of  its  friends  who  witnessed  its  march  will  never 
forget  its  fine  appearance  and  bearing. 

The  numerical  condition  of  the  regiment  on  June  1,1865, 
was  as  follows: 


Present: 
Field  &  Staff. 

For 
Duty 
2 

On  Daily  or 

Extra  Duty 

1 

In 

Arrest 

Sick 

Total 
3 

Co.  A. 

B.  J.  G.  B.  Adams. 

C.  Wm.  E.  Barrows. 

E.  Henry  A.  Homer 
F 

,     8 

6 

1 

15 

G.   Wm.  L.  Palmer. 

H.  C.  S.  Palmer. 

I. 

K.  L.  J.  Hume 

Enlisted  Men: 

309 

35 

15 

359 

366 


THE   NINETEENTH   MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 


Absent : 
Commissioned  officers: 

On  detached  service,  0 

With  leave,  1 

Sick,  1 


Enlisted  men: 

On  detached  service, 


5 
108 


Sick, 

Paroled  prisoners  of  war    173 


Present  and  absent: 
Commissioned  officers: 

Colonel, 
Lieut.  Colonel, 

Major, 

Adjt. 

Regt.  Q.  M. 

Captains, 

1st.  Lieuts. 

2nd  Lieuts. 

Surgeon, 


Total  enlisted, 
Aggregate, 


286 


0 
1 
1 
0 
1 
5 
8 
3 
1 


20 

Enlisted  men : 

Sergt.  Major, 

1 

Q.  M.  Sergt. 

1 

Prin.Music'n, 

2 

Sergeants, 

32 

Corporals, 

42 

Musicians, 

20 

Com. Sergt.  & 

Hosp.  Steward, 

2 

Privates, 

545 

645 
665 


IN    CAMP    AT    BAILEY'S    CROSS    ROADS.  367 

The  regiment  remained  in  camp  at  Bailey's  Cross  Roads, 
on  Munson's  Hill,  until  June  29,  when  it  was  mustered  out,  at 
9  o'clock  in  the  evening,  in  obedience  to  General  Orders  No. 
1 58,  Headquarters  Army  of  the  Potomac,  current  series,  and 
on  the  following  morning  began  its  return  journey  toward 
Readville,  Mass. 

The  command  left  Washington  at  10  A.  M.,  Baltimore  at 
4.45  P.  M.  on  the  same  day;  arrived  in  Philadelphia  at  6  A.  M. 
on  July  1st.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  from  theJPhiladelphians 
the  regiment  experienced  a  cordial  and  substantial  welcome  at 
the  "Old  Cooper  Shop." 

Leaving  Philadelphia  at  2  P  M.  on  July  1,  the  men 
reached  New  York  on  the  same  night  and  there  the  regiment- 
received  from  Colonel  Howe,  his  associates  and  friends,  a  re- 
ception worthy  of  it  and  them.  Leaving  New  York  at  3  P  M., 
July  2,  the  regiment  arrived  at  Readville  at  9  A.  M.  on 
July  3,  to  await  final  discharge  and  payment. 

The  men  were  allowed  to  leave  for  their  homes  immediately 
and  with  only  the  delay  necessary  to  dispose  of  guns  and 
equipments,  they  took  advantage  of  the  opportunity 

Of  the  37  commissioned  officers  who  left  Massachusetts 
with  the  regiment  in  1861,  only  1  returned, — Colonel  Edmund 
Rice  who  went  out  as  captain  and  returned  as  colonel  com- 
manding the  regiment. 

Fourteen  officers  and  250  men  were  either  killed  or  died 
of  wounds  received  in  action,  and  449  were  discharged  for  dis- 
ability occasioned  by  wounds  or  disease  contracted  in  the  ser- 
vice. 

The  colors,  ordnance,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  regi- 
mental and  company  books  and  papers  having  been  turned 
over  to  the  proper  officers  of  the  United  States,  final  disband- 
ment  was  accomplished  July  20,  1865,  at  Readville. 

The  regiment  has  become  a  thing  of  the  past,  but  its 
history  also  become  a  part  of  the  history  of  [Massachusetts. 

No  regiment  has  had  a  more  eventful  history,  fought  bet- 
ter, or  performed  its  duties  with  more  promptness  or  alacrity. 
During  its  existence  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  45  battles 
and  skirmishes,  in  six  of  which  it  lost  from  one  third   to  five 


368  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

sixths  of  its  men.  It  captured  and  turned  over  to  the  War 
Department  seven  stands  of  colors  (First  Texas,  Fourteenth, 
Nineteenth,  Fifty-Third  and  Fifty-Seventh  Virginia,  Twelfth 
South  Carolina  and  Forty-Seventh  North  Carolina )  and  six 
pieces  of  artillery.  When  it  is  said  that  the  regiment  has  been 
characterized  by  the  most  kindly  and  brotherly  feeling,  the 
best  discipline  and  alacritous  obedience  in  all  ranks,  that  it 
was  frequently  commended  and  never  censured  by  its  superior 
commanders,  the  story  is  done. 

The  record  is  concluded  by  inserting  the  following,  which 
appeared  in  the  "Boston  Journal:" 

Ne/sr  Petersburg,  Dec.  25,  1864. 

On  the  15th  of  December,  at  Headquarters  Second  Army  Corps,  near 
Yellow  Tavern,  Va.,  General  Meade  presented  medals  of  honor  commemo- 
rative of  special  instances  of  distinguished  bravery  in  battle  to  several  non- 
commissioned officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Second  Corps.  Among  these 
honored  and  gallant  men  were  Sergeants  B.  H.  Jellison  and  Joseph  H. 
DeCastro  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Infantry.  These  gallant  soldiers 
were  two  of  the  four  members  of  this  regiment,  who,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg,  captured  the  battleflags  of  the  Fourteenth,  Nineteenth, 
Fifty-Third  and  Fifty-Seventh  Virginia  Regiments.  The  others  were 
Sergeant  B.  F.  Falls,  Co.  A,  of  Lynn,  who  fell  mortally  wounded  at  Spott- 
sylvania,  May  12,  and  Private  John  Robinson,  of  Co.  I,  of  Boston,  now  a 
prisoner  of  war.  At  the  close  of  this  interesting  ceremony,  the  Nineteenth 
and  other  regiments,  whose  members  had  received  medals,  being  drawn  up 
before  the  general;  he  took  occasion  to  address  to  them  a  few  kind,  cheer- 
ing words  of  acknowledgment  for  the  services  of  the  rank  and  file  of  the 
army,  justly  observing  that  but  for  the  heroic  endurance  and  magnificent 
courage  of  the  enlisted  men,  the  utmost  efforts  of  their  officers  would  be  un- 
availing. 

The  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Infantry  has,  during  its  existence,  cap- 
tured seven  stands  of  colors,  viz :  one  at  Antietam  (First  Texas  Regiment) 
by  Corporal  Thomas  Costello,  Co.  G,  of  Lowell,  killed  at  the  Wilderness, 
May  6th;  four  at  Gettysburg,  by  Sergt.  Benj.  F.  Falls,  Sergt.  Benj.  Jellison, 
Corp.  Jos.  DeCastro  and  Sergt.  John  Robinson;  one  at  Spottsylvania. Court 
House,  (Thirty-Third  No.  Carolina)  by  First  Sergeant  Samuel  E.  Viall,  of 
Co.  E,  of  Lynn,  mortally  wounded  on  North  Anna  River,  May  24th;  and 
one  at  Hatcher's  Run,  Oct.  27th,  (Forty-Seventh  North  Carolina)  by  Ser- 
geant Daniel  F.  Murphy,  Co.  F,  of  Boston.  Sergeant  Murphy  being  de- 
puted by  the  commanding  general  to  personally  present  the  captured  color 
to  the  Secretary  of  War,  received  from  the  hands  of  Mr.  Stanton  a  medal 
of  honor  in  acknowledgment  of  his  gallantry. 

When  it  is  considered  that  such  captures  are  only  made  in  hand  to 
hand  conflicts  of  the  most  desperate  character,  this  appears  a  glorious  re- 
cord. 

"Officer" 


THE   REGIMENTAL  BADGE. 
Designed  by  John  P.  Reynolds. 


ROSTER  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  REGIMENT 
.MASSACHUSETTS  VOLUNTEERS 


LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS 

Absent  —  abs.  Infantry  —  Inf. 

Artillery  —  Art'y.  Mustered  out  —  M.O. 

Battalion  —  Batt'n.  No  further  record  —  N.F.R. 

Battery  —  Batt.  Not  mustered  —  N.  M. 

Commissioned  —  com'd.  Order  War  Department  —  O.W.D. 

Company  letter  in  parenthesis — (F)  Prisoner  —  pris. 

Company  —  Co.  Promoted  —  prom. 

Disability  —  disa.  Re-enlisted  —  re-en. 

Discharged — disch.  Substitute  —  sub. 

Expiration  —  expir.  Transferred  — ■  transf. 

Headquarters  —  headq  'rs.  Wounded  —  w'n'd. 

Hospital  —  hosp.  Wounds  —  w'nds. 

First  date  in  each  line  indicates  date  of  enlistment. 

First  number  after  date  of  enlistment  indicates  age  at  time  of  enlistment. 


Abbott,  Chas.  P.,  priv.,(H),  Dec.  3, '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  18,'63. 

Abraham,  Chas.,  priv.,  (B),  July  17/63;  23;  sub.  John  H.  Comfort. 

Achason,  Johnston,  priv.,  (F),  July  25, '61 ;  33;"disch.  disa.  June  15/65;  w'n'd  July  3/63. 

Adams,  Ambrose  A.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  15, '62;  22;  see  1st  Co.  Sharpshooters  as  Albion  A. 

Adams,  Benjamin  N.,  priv.,  (— ),  mustered  May  13, '64;  43;  M  O  June  30/65. 

Adams,  Isaac  M.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26/61 ;  28;  w'n'd  Sept.  17/62;  died  Sept.  25, '62,  Sharps- 
burg,  Md. 

Adams,  John  Q.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  15, '62;  36;  ^ee  1st  Co.  Sharpshooters. 

Adams,  John  G.  B.,  corp.,  (A),  July  26/61;  20;  M.O.  as  1st  Lieut.  May  15/65. 

Adams,  John  II.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  2, '62;  37;  N.F.R. 

Adams,  Sanford  B.,priv.,  (H),  May  13, '64;  22;  M.O.  June  30, '65;  absent  pris.;  sub.  Pichard 
Hoyt;  died  Sept.  23, '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Adams,  Wm.  H.  H.,  priv.,  (A),  July  20,  v61 ;  21 ;  died  Nov.  23,  '62,  Philadelphia. 

Agin,  Thomas,  priv.,  (G),  Mar.  3,  '64;  20;  rejected  Mar.  5,  '64. 

Agnew,  Thomas,  corp.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  21;  died  of  wounds  July  1,  '62. 

Albin,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  21,  '61;  25;  N.F.R. 

Allen,  George  W..  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  21 ;  killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Allen,  Henry  C,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  25,   '64;  34;  M.O.  June  22,  '65. 

Allen,  Henry  M.,  priv.,  (B),  June  13,  '64;  44;  drafted;  absent  sick  on  M.O.  of  Co. 

Allen,  James,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  20;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64,  to  Apr.  28.  '65;  M.O.  June 
20,  '65;  O.W.D. 

Allen,  John,  priv.,  (C),  May  26,  '64;  21;  sub.  for  S.  P  French;  died  Sept.  25,  '64,  Anderson- 
ville, Ga. 

Allen,  John  L.,  wagoner,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  33;  N.F.R. 

Allen,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  17,   '64;  21;  rejected  Feb.  21,  '64. 

Alley,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  IS;  pris.  from  May  12,  '64,  to  Feb.  26,  '65;  M.  O.  June 
30,  '65. 

(369) 


370  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Anderson,  Benj.  N.,  priv.,  (A),  May  13,  '64;  43;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  has  been  pris. 

Anderson,  Chas.,  priv.,  (K),'Aug.  3,  '63;  21;  sub.;  deserted  Sept.  14,  '63. 

Anderson,  Chas.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  16,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Anderson,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  17,  '64;  40;  M.O.  June  9,  '65. 

Anderson,  John  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  12,  '63;  18;  transf.  to  V.R.C.,  Nov.  13,  '63;  w'n'd  July  3. 

'63;  disch.  at  Camp  Chase  Nov.  18,  '65. 
Anderson,  Wm,  priv.,  (D),  May  13, '64;  21;  sub.  David  Davis,  absent  pris.  of  war;  N.F.R. 
Anderson,  Wm.,  priv.,  ( — ■),  June  6,  '64;  22;  sub.  Abijah  Hastings;  N.F.R. 
Andrea,  Simeon,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  11,  '64;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Andreas,  Chas.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  30,  '63;  19;  N.F.R. 

Andrews,  Chas.  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,'61;  26;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  Glendale,  Va. 
Andrews,  George  N.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  17;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Andrews,  John  J.,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  8,  '64;  30;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Andrews,  Otis  L.,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  23,  '64;  18;  rejected  Mar.  3,  '64. 
Andrews,  Reuben,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,'61;  24;  died  Oct.  28,  '62,  Boliver,  Va. 
Andrews,  Stephen  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  4,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Andrews,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  sent  to  Gen.  Hosp.  June 

30, '62;  N.F.R. 
Angelo,  Ciconi,  priv.,  (B),  Apr.  2,  '62;  32;  M.O.  Apr.  2,  '65,  expir.  term;  w'n'd  June  25, '62' 

Dec.  13,  '62. 
Angle,  Francis,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Appleton,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (A),  Jan.  25,  '62;  21 ;  2nd  Lieut.,  30  M.V.,  Feb.  21,  '62. 
Armand,  Ernest,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  17,  '64;  33;  deserted  Dec.  24,  '64,  near  Petersburg,  Va. 
Armitage,  Stephen,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  23;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Armstrong,  Hugh,  priv.,  (I),  July  27,  '63;  24;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  26,  '64. 
Arnold,  Marcus  P.,  priv.,  (K),  Oct.  29,  '62;  25;  re-en.  Feb.  16,  '64;  transf.  from  1st  S.S.;  re-en. 

1st  S.S.;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Ash,  David  B.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  19;  died  of  wounds,  July  25,  '62,  New  York. 
Ashton,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Oct.  27,  '64;  22;  absent  sick  since  Nov.  1,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Atkins,  Benj.  H.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  8,  '61 ;  18;  died  of  woundsjuly  13,  '63,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Atkins,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  27;  sub.  John  L.  Bradford;  N.F.R. 
Atkinson,  Wm.,  sergt.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  35;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  6,  '63;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62. 
Aytoun,  James  F.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  1,  '63;  23;  resigned  May  27,  '65. 

Bahan,  Edward,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,   '61;  18;  N.F.R. 

Bailey,  Benj.  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  8,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  June  16,  '62. 

Bailey,  Warren  R.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '61 ;  — ;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  in  Co.  A,  Feb. 

23,  '63. 
Bailey,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3, '61;  — ;  w'n'd  July  3, '63;  transf.  to  V.  R.C.  (no  date) 

6th  Co.,  2nd  Batt.;  N.F.R. 
Baise,  Chas.,  priv.,   (— ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  — ;  sub.  E.  F.  Wentworth;  N.F.R. 
Baker,  Alexander  B.,'corp.,(H),Aug.  20,  '61;  — ;  disch.  disa.  Oct,  28,  '61;  see  Co.  H,  1st  M.V. 
Baker,  Chas.,  priv.,  (D),  June  14,  '64;  26;  sub.  J.  B.  Lowell  absent  pris.  of  war;  drafted. 
Baker,  James  E.,  mus.,  (C),  Aug.  9,  '61 ;  18;  re-en.  Mar.  29,  '64;  M.  O.  June  30,  '65. 
Baldwin,  Jos.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  19;  killed  in  action  June  25,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Ball,  Geo.  H.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  18;  enlisted  Nov.  5,  '62,  Wash.  D.  C,  Batt.  L,  2nd. 

U.  S.  Art'y;  disch.  Nov.  5,  '65,  Norfolk,  Va.,  by  expir.  service  as  Sergt.  Batt.  I,  5th  U.  S. 

Art'y,  to  which  he  was  tranfs.  Aug.  17,  '65. 
Ballow,  Edmund  A.,  priv.,  (B),  July  31,  '63;  32;  sub.  Alvin  Newcomb;  N.  F.  R. 
Barden,  Geo.  B.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.  O.  June  30,  '65  as  Sergt. 
Barker,  Patrick,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  23;  deserted  Aug.  24,  '61. 
Barnes,  Leonard  A.,  ( — ),  May  13, '64;  18;  died  Aug.  27, '64,  Andersonville,  Ga.;  sub.  Martin 

Bridges. 
Barnes,  Wm.,  priv.,  (C),  must.  Aug.  3, '63;  transf.  Jan.  14, '64,  to  20th  Inf. 
Barrett,  Daniel,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  30;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  16,  '63. 
Barrett,  James  V.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  29,  '63;  20;  died  Feb.  3,  '65,  Salisbury,  N.  C;  sub. 


ROSTER.  371 

Barrett,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  June.  25,  '62;  disch.  Feb.  14,  '63. 
Barrows,  Wm.  E.,  hosp.  stew.,  (— ),   Aug.   3  '61;   19;  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  B,  Mar.  25,  '63;  Is* 

Lieut.,  July  11/63;  Capt.  July  28,  '64;  M.O.  July  25,  '65;  Brev't  Maj. 
Barry,  Dennis,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  26;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam. 
Barry,  George,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  28;  sub.  Samuel  Ward,  absent  pris.  of  war. 
Barry,  Geo.  M.,  2nd  lieut.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  19;  resigned  Feb.  8,  '62. 

Barry,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  5, '62,  by  Col.  Day,  at  Boston. 
Barry,  Martin,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  3,  '62;  18;  transf.  117th  Co.  2nd  Batt.  V.R.C.;  M.O.  Mar.  16, 

'65,  Providence,  R.I. 
Barry,  Wm.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63;  20;  sub.  "George  Bearse;"  transf.  to  20  M.V.Jan.  14,  '64. 
Barter,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  40;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  11,  '64. 
Bartlett,  Edwin  B.,  priv.  ,(A),  July  26,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  Dec.  11, '62,  at  Fredericksburg,   Va.; 

disch.  disa.  Apr.  1,  '63;  .-ee  Co.  H,  2nd  Hy.  Art'y.;died  Mar.  29, '05  at  Lynn. 
Bartlett,  Edward  W„  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  13,i'62;  26;  re-en.  Dec. 21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30, '65,  Sergt. 
Bartlett,  Henry  F.,  priv.,  (A),  July  31,  '63 ;  20 ;  sub.  transf.  to  Co.  B,  20th  M.V.,  Jan.  15,  '64. 
Bartlett,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  8,  '62;  29;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  8, '63;  see 

also  V.R.C.  as  William;  enlisted -July  27,  '64. 
Bartley,  Frank,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  1,  '63;  22;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  23,  '64. 
Barton,  Danville  O.,  1st  sergt.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  20;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  6,  '62. 
Bartwell,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  20, '62;  24;  N.F.R. 

Barton,  Peter,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  12,  '64 ;  36 ;  disch.  Oct.  26,  '64,  from  Carver  Hosp.,  Wash.,  D.  C. 
Batchelder,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Batchelder,   Geo.  W.,   1st.  lieut.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '61;  23;   Capt.  Mar.  21,  '62;  killed   in  action 

Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam. 
Baxter,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  17,  '62;  40;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  6,  '64. 
Baxter,  Samuel,  serg.  maj.,  N.C.S.,  Aug.  3,  '61;  33;  2nd  Lieut.  Nov.  29,  '61;  resigned  Aug. 

1,  '62;  see  Co.  E.  59th  Mass. 
Beal,  Henry  0.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  21;  N.F.R. 

Beals,  Edward,  priv.,  (K),  June  14,  '64;  22;  sub.  J.  L.  Smith,  absent  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Beatty,  James  E„  priv.,  (A),  May  14,  '64;  35;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Beatty,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  24;  disch.  disa.  June  21,  '62. 
Beatty,  Richard  H.  D„  priv.,  (D),  July  25, '61 ;  42;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  V.R.C.  Sept. 

26,  '63;  disch.  from  V.R.C.  Aug.  27,  '64. 
Bean,  Matthew,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  27;  deserted  Feb.  1,  '63,  at  Falmouth,  Va. 
Bean,  Wesley  P.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;   24 ;   w 'n  'd  June  25,  '62 ;'  disch.  disa.  Sept.  19,  '62, 

by  Col.  Day,  at  Boston. 
Bean,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  25, '61;  — ;  N.F.R. 

Bean,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  killed  in  action,  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Beard,  Wm.,  priv.,  (I),  July  29, '61;  40;  disch.jdisa.  Feb.  12,    '63,  Falmouth,  Va.,   by  order 

Gen.  Couch;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Becker,  Chas.,  priv.,  (H),  Apr.  8,  '64;  24;  pris.  June  22,  '64,  (<>  May  17, '65;  M.O.June  30,  '05. 
Belcher,  Chas.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (C),  May  13,  '04;  26;  sub.;  was  pris.;  disch.  July  21,  '65,  O.W.D. 
Beleer,  James  T.,  priv.,  (C),  Feb.  24,  '04;  21;  rejected  recruit,  Feb.  26,  '64. 
Belmont,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (--),  Aug.  1,'63;  22;  sub.  J.  C.  Hammond;  N.F.R. 
Bell,  Frank  H„  priv.,  (D),  Jan.  9,  '64;  18;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  15, '05,  in  Co.  H. 
Benedick,  James,  priv.,  (A),  July  21,  '63;  38;  sub.  Andrew  T.  Bates;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan. 

14,  '64. 
Bentley,  Noah,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  24,  '02;  25;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.,  no.date;  absent  sick  in 

1st  S.S.;  N.F.R. 
Benton,  Lewis  R.,  priv.,  ( — ),  ( )ct.  5,  '04;  21 ;  transf.  to  3d  Cav.  Nov.  S,  '04. 
Bennett,  (  Htave,  priv.,  (H),  Mar.  20.  '64;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '05. 
Bcrchtold,  Alois,  priv.,  (I),  .Ian.  25,  '65;  44 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Henlcn,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  27,  '64;  37;  sul>.;  absent,  pris.  of  war. 
Bergin,  Stephen,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  9, '01;  42;  N'.M. 
Berry,  B.  (Asa  B.),  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  19,    til  ;  31;  M.O.  Aug.  28.   '64. 
Berry,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Jan.  6,   '65;  21 ;  N.F.R. 


372  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Berry,  Patrick,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  3,  '62;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  w'n'd   May  12,  .'64;  pris.  of 

war,  May  12, '64,  to  May  18,  '65;  M.O.  as  Corp.  June  30,  '65. 
Bertrand,  Bertram,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  17, '64;  30;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Bessie,  Lewis,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  5, '61;  26;  N.F.R. 
Bettis,  John,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  26;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61. 
Bigelow,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  28,  '61;  36;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28, '61. 
Bingham,  Wm.  H„  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61;  36;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Birmingham,  James,  priv.,  (E);  40;  transf.  Sept.  12, '63,  to  V.R.C. 
Bishop,  Edward  P.,  2nd  lieut.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  23;  1st  Lieut.  Oct.  22,  '61 ;  dismissed  Mar. 

5,  '63,  S.O.  20  Army  of  Potomac. 
Bixby,  Matthias,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  29,  '62;  32;  Sergt.  2nd  Lieut.  June  1st,  '65;  1st  Lieut.  June 

2,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65,  as  Sergt. 
Bixby,  Moses  P.,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  42;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  transf. 

to  Navy  Apr.  23,  '64;  disch.  Oct.  '65. 
Blackington,  Jacob  A.,  priv.,  (F),  May  19,   '61;  21;  absent  w'n'd;  M.O.  Aug.  28,   '64. 
Blackington,  Lyman,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  23;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  White  Oaks, 

Va.,  as  Corp. 
Blair,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (C),  Apr.  6,  '64;  24;  absent  pris.;  captured  June  26, '64,  at  Jerusalem 

Plank  Road;  not  heard  from  since. 
Blair,  Lowell  B.,  mus.,  (B),  Aug.  22,  '61;  16;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9,  '61. 

Blair,  Wm.W.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21, '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65,  as  wagoner. 
Blair,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61;  27;  died  Oct.  10/64,  at  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Blaisdell,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (G),  Mar.  28,  '64;  18;  w'n'd  May  24,  '64;  disch  disa.  Oct.  8,  '64. 
Blaisdell,  Daniel  p.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26, '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  15/62;  see  Navy  Folio '63, 

480,  as  Daniel  W. 
Blessington,  Hugh,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  24,  '62. 
Blood,  George,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  9,  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Blood,  Jonathan  M.,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  17,  '65;  16;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Bliss,  Lyman  B„  priv.,  (E),  July  28,  '61 ;  18;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  from  Co.  C,  July  1,  '65;  N.F.R. 
Boardman,  Ferdinand  B.,  priv.,  (E),  May  14,  '64;  29;  after  mustered  in  as  drafted  man  19th 

enlistedCo.  L,3Hy.  Arty.,  forwardedto  19th  Regt.  July  12/64.  M.O.  with  Co.  June 30/65. 
Bode,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21;  sub.;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14/64 
Boge,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21;  sub.  Patrick  Cusick;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Boing,  John,  priv.,  (I),  May  13,  '64;  21;  sub.  Geo.  P.  Slate;  absent  pris.  since  June  22,  '64, 

never  heard  from  since. 
Booth,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Booth,  James  C,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  13,   '61 ;  23;  drowned  Feb.  22,  '62,  at  Coon's  Lock,  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Canal. 
Bromstein,  Meyer,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  14,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  1,  '62;  prior  service  6th  N.Y. 

Inf. 
Boutell,  Francis,  priv.,  ( — ),  Feb.  27,  '64;  18;  rejected  recruit,  Mar.  1/64;  not  in  regt. 
Bowen,  Wm.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  21 ;  deserted  Dec.  10,  '61 ;  prior  service  see  Co.  D,  3rd. 

Batt'n  Inf.,  3  mos. 
Bowman,  Peter,  aljas  Pedro  Bouben,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  13/62;  26;  disch.  disa.  June  18,  '62. 
Bowger,  Harrison,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  7,  '61;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65,  1st  Sergt. 
Bowyer,  Harrison,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  21 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65,  1st  Sergt.  in  Co.  H  as  Berger; 

deserted  Apr.  13, '62;  returned  May  21,  '64,  to  duty  without  Court-Martial ;  Sergt.  Jan.  1, 

'65;  1st  Sergt.  Jan.  20,  '65;  pris.  war  from  June  22,  '64,  to  Aug.  3,  '64. 
Boyenton,  Chas.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  42;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  Glendale,  Va. 
Boyd,  Isaac  H.,  2nd  lieut.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  23;  1st  Lieut.,  Oct.  22,  '61;Capt.  Nov.  21,  '62; 

Maj.  July  28,  '64;  died  of  wounds,  Apr.  10,  '65,  Farmville,  Va.,  as  Capt. 
Boyd,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  1/63;  20;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Boyd,  James  O.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  24/61;  21;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Boyd,  Rob.,  priv.,  (A),  May  6,  '64;  30;  absent  pris.  since  Uune  22,  '64;  not  heard  from  since. 


ROSTER.  373 

Boyle,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  19;  died  of  wounds  June  2, '63;  Co.  I,  Washington,  D.C. 
Boyle,  Lawrence,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  26;  absent  sick  since  Apr.  10,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28, '64, 

in  the  field. 
Boyle,  William,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  21 ;  deserted  1862. 

Bradburn,  Martin,  priv.,  ( I ),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  30 ;  killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg, Va . 
Bradford,  Thomas  S.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  16, '65;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Bradish,  Francis,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  22,  '64;  28;  died  Nov.  7,  '64,  rebel  prison. 
Bradlee,  Thomas  S.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  31,  '61;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62,  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa. 

in  Co.  A,  Mar.  12,  '63. 
Bradley,  Chas.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  12,  '62;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30, '65,  as  Sergt.; 

pris.  from  May  12,  '64,  to  May  16,  '65. 
Bradley,  Geo.  B.,  priv.,  (C),  Feb.  24,  '64;  21 ;  rejected  recruit  Feb.  26,  '64;  not  in  regt. 
Bradley,  Geo.  Y.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  12,  '62;  25;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  1, 

63;N.F.R. 
Bradshaw,  Valentine,  priv.,  Aug.  5,  '61;  19;  not  mustered. 

Brady,  James,  priv.,  (D),  June  3,  '64;  28;  sub.  Amos  L.  Marshall,  absent  pris.  war,  at  M.O. 
Brady,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  22;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Brady,  John  G.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  20,  '62. 
Brady,  John  M.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  27 ;  deserted,  Aug.  25, '61,  as  John  H.  Brady. 
Braley,  Henry  C,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  3,  '61;  19 ;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64;  disch.  disa. 

Feb.  9,  '65. 
Brailey,  Edward  Z.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  order  Secy.  War, 

Feb.  27,  '64. 
Brandon,  Chas.,  priv.,  (B),  July  30,  '63;  21;  sub.  for  Chas.  F.  Howard;  N.F.R. 
Braninger,  Wm.,  priv.,  (A),  July  29,  '63;  25;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Branagan,  Michael,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  17,  '61;  18;  did  not  serve  in  19th  regt.;  M.O.  July  10, '61, 

in  17th  regt.  and  re-en.  in  same ;  died  July  19,  '64  in  rebel  prision,  grave  3587. 
Braslow,  William,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,   '61;  24;  w'n'd   Dec.  13,   '62;  disch.  Mar.  14, '63,  at 

Baltimore,  Md.,  because  of  permanent  lameness  from  gun  shot  w'nd  of  right  arm. 
Bree,  George,  priv.,  (F),  May  13, '64;  19;  sub.  Joseph.  Briggs;  died  Aug., '64,  in  rebel  prison. 

Surg.  Gen.  Mass. 
Breed,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  27,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '03;  killed  in  action  May  10,  '64, 

at  Spottsylvania. 
Brener,  Henry,  priv.,  (G),  Dec.  3,  '64;  18;  abs.  sick  since  Apr.  4,  '65;  N.F.R. 
Brennan,  Thomas,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61 ;  25;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13, '62.     See  Co.  E,  56th  Inf. 
Brent,  Chas.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '64;  26;  deserted  Apr.  9,  '65,  while  on  the  march. 
Breston,  William,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  20,  '64;  24;  rejected  recruit  Feb.  26,  '64. 
Breslow,  Patrick,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  18,  '64;  21;  M.O.  July  13,  '65;  O.W.D. 
Bresnahan,  Dennis,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  21, '64;  27;  pris.  of  war  from  June  22,  '64,  to  May  7,  '65; 

disch.  June  12,   '65;  O.W.D. 
Bridgelow,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  36;  disch.  disa.  (let.  28,  '61. 
Bridges,  Joshua,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  <i,  '62. 
Bridges,  Samuel  A.,  priv..  (A),  July  26,  '61;  21;  pris.  June  22,  '64;  M.O.  as  1st  Sergt. 
Bridges,  Thomas,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  10,  '61;  35;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Briggs,  Oliver  F.,  Q.M.  sergt.,  N.C.S.,  Aug.  3,  '61 ;  19;  disch.  disa.  July  8,  '63. 
Brill,  Jacob,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  26;  abs.  pris.  from  Co.  D  since  June  22,  '64. 
Brill,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  deserted  Mar.  15,  '64. 
Bnidorick,  Michael,  priv.,  (H),  Mar.  2S,  '64;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Bronsdon,  Samuel,  priv.,  band,  Oct.  14,   '61;  41;  M.O.  Aug.  8,   '62. 
Brookings,  Samuel,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,   '61;  45;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  23,    '62. 
Brown    Alfred,  priv.,  (G),  May  14, '64;  32;  sub.  C.  L.  Carter;  abs.  pris.   as    "Albert"  since 

June  22,    '64. 
Brown,  Alden,  priv.,  ((!),  Feb.  25,   '64;  30;  rejected  recruit  1'V'li.  27,   '64;  not  in  regt. 
Brown,  Charles,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  17,  '01;  20;  M.O.  June  30,   '65. 
Brown,  Charles,  priv.,  (I),  May  2,   '61;  21  ;  M.O.  June  30,    '65. 
Brown,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,   '61;  IS,  w'n'd  June   25,   '62;  w'n'd  July  3,   '63;  disch. 

from  Co.  F,  1st  V.R.C    Dor.  1,   '04. 


374  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Brown,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21;  sub.Wm.  E.  Collins;  Jtransf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.14,'64. 
Brown,  Chas.  B.,  sergt.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62,  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec. 

21,   '63;  died  of  wounds  May  24,   '64. 
Brown,  Franklin,  priv.,  (B),  May  14,  '64;  39;  abs.  sick  on  M.O.  of  Co. 
Brown,  George,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  16,  '65;  33;  deserted  June  18,  '65. 
Brown,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dee   1,  '61;  26;  died  of  wounds  Dec.  17,  '62;  w'n'd   Dec.  13,  '62, 

at  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Brown,  Geo.  O.,  priv.  ,(I),  Dec.  9,  '61;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Brown,  Geo.  W.,  corp.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  39;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Oct.  1,  '63;  disch.  expir.  term, 

July  26,  '64;  disch.  paper  as  private. 
Brown,  James,  priv.,  (E),  June  14,  '64;  23;  sub.  H.  D.  Pease;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  1st  Sergt. 
Brown,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  May  14,  '64;  27;  sub.  Luke  Delvo;  N.F.R. 
Brown,  James  P.,  priv.,  (B),  Apr.  16,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  see  Co.  H,  4th  Mass.  V.M.  9 

mos. 
Brown,  John,  priv.,  (F),  May  18,  '64;  18; sub.  A. Freeman  ;abs.pris.; disch.  July  21,  '65; O.W.D 
Brown,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  14,  '61;  19;  not  mustered. 
Brown,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  22;  N.F.R. 
Brown,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  July  21,  '63;  24;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Brown,  John  1st,  priv.,  ( A),  July  30,  '63 ;  24 ; sub. ; transf. to 20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64 (paper transfer) 

deserted  Sept.  13,  '65  in  19th  Regt. 
Brown,  John  2nd,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  3,  '63;  24;  sub.;  deserted  Sept.  12,  '63. 
Brown,  John  G.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  6,  '65;  19;  deserted  June  8,  '65;  hon.  disch.  July  22,  '65. 
Brown,  John  H.,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  1,  '64;  32;  killed  May  24,  '64  at  Dodswell's  Farm,  Va. 
Brown,  John  H.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (D),  Jan.  30,  '62;  18;  died  at  New  Eng.  Rooms,  N.Y.  Mar.  1,  '65. 
Brown,  Osgood,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  40;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  2,  '63  at  Boston,  by  Col.  Day. 
Brown,  Thomas,  priv.,  (A),  July  24,  '63;  21 ;  sub.  C.  G.  Bartholomew;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan. 

14,  '64  (paper  transfer);  deserted  Sept.  26,  '63  in  19th  regt. 
Brown,  Thomas,  priv.,  (D),  July  26,  '61;  20;  N.F.R. 
Brown,  Warren  S.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  19,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61. 

Bruce,  Augustus  W.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  13,  '62;  35;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  30/63. 
Bruce,  Norman,  Corp.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  25;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  July  27,  '63;  M.O.  as  Sergt. 

July  25,  '64  as  of  Co.  B,  14  V.R.C. 
Brunas,  Alfred,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  25,  '62;  28;  abs.  sick  since  Dec.  10,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Brunn,  George,  priv.,  (A),  Jan.  8,  '64;  23;  w'n'd  May,  10,  '64;  pris.  of  war  from  May  12,  '64 

to  Apr.  28,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Bryant,  Daniel  W.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  28;  died  of  wounds,  Oct.  5,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Bryant,  Enoch,  Jr.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  8,  '62. 
Bryant,  F.L.,  priv.,  Aug.  17,  '61;  45;  did  not  serve  in  19th  regt;  M.  in  22nd  regt,  Aug.  10,  '61; 

disch.  Aug.  10,  '64  in  22nd  regt. 
Buchanan,  Archibald,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  25;  re-en.  Dec.  31,  '63;  died  of  w'nds  May  20- 

'64  U.S.  Gen.  Hosp. 
Buchanan,  James,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19; died  of  w'nds  Oct.  1,  '62,  Frederick.M.,  as  sergt. 
Buckley,  Cornelius,  priv.,  (A),  Maj.  29,  '64;  38;  w'n'd  May  13,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Buckley,  Patrick,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '62;  24;  disch.  disa.  May  12,  '63. 
Bugbee,  Albert  P.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  18,  '61;  21;  disch.  exp.  term,  Sept.  18,  '64. 
Bullock,  Edward  A.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  deserted,  '62. 
Burbank,  Win.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62  (name  Wm.  L,  see  Conn. 

Vols.  1  Conn.  Cav.);  N.F.R. 
Burchard,  Samuel  A.,  priv.,  (A),  May  25,  '64  ;'20 ;  deserted  Aug.  12,  '64  from  Hosp.  Beverly.N.J. 
Burdell,  John  C,  priv.,  (B),  May  13,'64;  29;  disch.  May  31,  '65,  O.W.D.  at  Tilton  Gen. Hosp 

Wilmington,  Dela. 
Burgess,  Dwelley  W.,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61 ;  40;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  24,  '63. 
Burgess,  Geo.  N.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  23;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Burgess,  Wm.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  21;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  Corp. 
Burke,  Michael  S.,  priv.,  (A),  July  27,  '63;  22;  sub.  Freeman  C.  Spindle;  transf. to  20th  M.V. 

Jan.  14,  '64. 


ROSTER.  375 

Burke,  Patrick,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  never  joined  for  duty/] 

Burke,  Ulick,  priv.,  (G),  Feb.  23,  '64;  21;  deserted  Apr.  1,'64  at  Cole's  Hill,  Va. 

Burke,  Wm.  J.,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  20;  deserted,  Aug.  20,  '61. 

Burmingham,  Jas.,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  28,  '61;  40;  transf.  to  V.R.C.,  Sept.  12,  '63. 

Burnham,  George,  priv.,  (I ),  Aug. 4,  '63 ;  21 ; sub.  Geo.  E. Cobb j'transf .  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,'64 . 

Burnham,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  9,  '61;  18;  disch.  Nov.  13, '62  to  re-en.  in  4th  U.S.  Art'y. 

and  deserted  June  28,  '63. 
Burnham,  John  B.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '61;  23;  N.F.R. 
Burnham,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  27,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  1,  '63. 
Burnham,  Zenas,  priv.,  (C),  Sept.  10,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  23,  '62, 
Burns,  Chas.,  priv.,  Dec.  21,  '62;  23;  N.F.R. 

Burns,  Joseph,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  28,  '61;  23;  abs.  w'n'd  June  18,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63. 
Burns,  Peter,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  22;  N.F.R. 

Burnes,  Daniel,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '64;  21;sub.  Reuben  Fish;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,64 
Burrill,  Richard  J.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  44;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Burrill,  Richard  J.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  20,  '61;  43;  N.F.R. 
Burrell,  Wm.  H„  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  20;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Burt,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (I),  June  11,  '64;  22;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Burtwell,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  20, '62;  24;  N.F.R. 

Butlers,  Chas.,  2nd,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  17/61;  25;  M.O.  Aug.  S, '62;  see  Navy  Folio,  78. 
Butler,  William,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19, '61;  21;   w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  19,  '62; 

see  also  V.R.C. 
Butman,  Ansel  R.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  27,  '61;  40;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  3,  '62. 
Butman,  John  C,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  27,  '61;  41;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  3,  '62. 

Caillard,  Lewis,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  18,  '65;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65 

Cain,  John,  priv.,  (I),  May  13,  '64;  20;  sub.  Lucius  Steele;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Cain,  Geo.  W.,  corp.,  (B),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  killed  in  action,  May  5,  '64, 

Wilderness,  Va. 
Cain,  Thomas,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  18,  '64 ;  19 ;  taken  pris.  war  June  22,  '64 ;  not  heard  from  since. 
Caine,  Thomas,  priv.,  ( — ),  Feb.  25,  '64;  33;  did  not  serve  in  19th  Mass.  but  in  17th  Mass.  Regt 
Caldwell,  Randolph,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,   '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  Mar.  14,  '63 

disch.  papers. 
Call,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61 ;  see  Co.  L,  1st  H.A. 
Callahan,  Dennis,  Corp.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  21;  w'n'd.  June  30,  '02;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  16,  '62, 
Callahan,  Thos.  H.,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  5,  '64;  18;  rejected  Mar.  10,  '64. 
Callahan,  Timothy,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  killed  in  action,  July  1,  '62,  Malvern  Hill. 
Callahan,  Wm.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  40;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  died  of  w'nds  July  12,  '62, 

Richmond,  Va. 
Campbell,  Alexander,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61. 
Campbell,  Benj.  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  17,  '61;  19;  disch.  expir.  term,  Sept.  17,  '64. 
CanfleLd,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  12,  '65;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  disch.  July  19,  '65, 

O.W.D. 
Cannon,  Owen,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  29,  '64;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Capen,  Alonzo,  corp.,  (I),  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  22;  disch.  disa.  as  priv.  Jan.  1,  '63. 
Caras,  Lattara,  priv.,  Dec.  10,  '62;  35;  N.F.R. 

Carey,  Lawrence,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  36;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64,  in  Co.  I. 
Carey,  Philip,  priv.,  (B),  July  25.  '63;   31;  sub.;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  23, '64. 
Carey,  Silas  E.,  priv.,  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  not  mustered;  no  service. 
Carleton,  David,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  44;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  19,  '62. 

Carleton,  Daniel  W.,  priv.,  (A),  July  20,  '61;27;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62; disch.  disa.  Oct.  24,  '62, 
Carleton,  Everett,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  16,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C. ,  Nov.  6. 

'63;  iliscli.  disa.  Aug.  27,   '04. 
Carleton,  Geo.  B.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  14,  '63. 
Carleton,  Samuel,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  43;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  12,  '62. 
Carmichael,  John  E.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  34;  N.F.R. 


376       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

Carney,  Robert,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  32;  killed  in  action,  July  1,  '62. 
Carpenter,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  22;  killed  in  action,  June  25,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Carr,  Hugh  J.,  priv.,  (F),  July  27,  '61;  24;  abs.  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64,  Co.  G 
Carr,  Moses  F.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  26;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Apr.  15,  '64;  transf.  to  101  Co. 

2nd  Batt.  V.R.C.  Nov.  28,  '63  and  M.O.  J.M.R.  July  25,  '64  at  Washington,  D.C. 
Carr,  Owen,  priv.,  (A),  Jan.  25,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  2,  '63. 
Carrigan,  James,  corp.,  (E),  July  21,  '61;  35;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  w'n'd  June  3,  '64;  re-en. 

Dec.  21,  '63;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  date  not  given;  disch.  from  V.R.C.  July  24,  '65. 
Carrigan,  Miles,  priv.,  (D),  June  7,  '64;  21;  sub.  C.  C.  Whitcomb,  abs.  pris.  since  June  22, '64. 
Carrol,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61;  19;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va. 
Carson,  Aaron,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  31;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.'disa.  Dec.  6,  '62. 
Carter,  Henry  W.,  sergt.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  30;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64;  abs.  sick. 
Carter,  James  L.,  2nd  lieut.,  June  8,  '65;  — ;  com'd  1st  Lieut., "in  Co.  H,  104  U.S.C.T.;  M.  O. 

in  that  grade,  July  5,  '66. 
Carter,  Leonidas  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  in  Co.  B,  Mar.  18,  '63. 
Carts,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  23,  '65;  26;  N.F.R. 
Case,   Harrison  E.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  12,  '61;  26;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak 

Swamp,  Va. 
Casey,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Jan.  9,  '65;  17;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  see  Co.  I,  8th,  100  days. 
Casey,  Lawrence,  priv.,  (I).  Aug.  27, '61;  39;  Wn'dSept.  17,  '62;M.O.  Aug.  28,'64;abs.  sick. 

Casey,  Michael, ( — ),  Jan.  9,  '65;  22;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  27,  '65;  see  rejected  recruits. 

Cass,  John  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  13,  '65;  21 ;  died  Apr.  20,  '65,  Burkes  Station,  Va. 
Cashman,  Timothy,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  35;  disch.  disa.  May  23,  '62  atWashington,  D.C 
Cassidy,  Francis,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  32;  killed  in  action,  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam. 
Cate,  JohnH.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '62;  27;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63 ;  transf .  to  Navy,  Mar.  '64. 
Cavanaugh,  John,  priv.,  (D),  July  25, '61;   18;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62,  May  24,  '64;  re-en.  Dec. 

21,  '63;  pris.  war  June  22,  '64;  disch.  July  15,  '65. 
Chadwick,  John  C,  1st  lieut.  &  adjt.,  (F  &  G),  Aug.  3, '61;  28;   w'n'd  June  25, '62;  prom. 

Capt.  Sept.  18,  '62;  Maj.  4th  Reg.  U.S.  Vols.  Feb.  26,  '63;  Lt.  Col.  92  U.S.C.T.  Apr.  16, 

'64  to  date  Mar.  25,  '64;  disch.  Lt.  Col.  92  U.S.V.T.,  June  6,  '65. 
Chaffey,  Orrin  B.,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  11,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Chamberlain,  Chas.  J.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  27,  '64;  34;  M.O.  June  30,  '65 ;  Vet.  13th  Vt.  Vol. 
Chamberlain,  Henry  A.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  41;  N.F.R. 

Chandler,  Adoniram,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  10,  '62;  33;  died  Jan.  1,  '63,  Frederick,  Md. 
Chandler,  Chas.  T.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  11,  '62 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  26, '63. 

Chandler,  Frank,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  deserted  Mar.  12,  '64,  Bos- 
ton expir.  of  leave. 
Chandler,  Frederick,  corp.,  (G),Aug.  25,  '61;19;w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  20,  62. 
Chapman,  John  R.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  43;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  27,  '62  at  Annapolis,  Md.; 

enlisted  V.R.C.  May  25,   '64;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  17,  '64. 
Chartin,  Joseph,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  20,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  "Shortkey." 
Chase,  Augustus  S.,  priv.,(  A),  Jan.  30,  '62 ;  24 ;  lost  left  arm,  Dec. 13,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  28,  '63. 
Chase,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  26,  '61;  20;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61. 
Chase,  Leonard  J.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  10,  '62;  20;  died  Oct.  9,  '62. 
Chase,  Rufus  H,  corp.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  38;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  9,  '63. 
Chase,  Sam'l  D.,  corp.,  (K),  Oct.  31, '62;   21;  re-en.  Feb.  16,  '64;  M.CJune  30,  '65;  transf. 

from  first  C.S.S. 
Chase,  Volney  P.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  21;  died  of  w'nds  June  30, '62,  White  Oak  Swamp 

Va. 
Chase,  Warren  G.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  25,  '62. 
Cheney,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  22;  killed,  Dec.  2,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Cheney,  John  A.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;   20;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa. Nov.  15, '62; 

see  also  V.R.C.  enlistment  paper. 
Cheeney,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  20,  '64 ;  22 ;  rejected  Mar.  3,  '64. 
Chick,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  10,   '61;  23;  N.F.R. 
Choate,  Elisha,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  13,  '63;  41;  w'n'd  May  6,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick 

disch.  July  21,    '65. 
Christy,  Wm.  J.,  priv.,  (E),  May  21,  '64;  23;  died  of  w'nds  Sept.  22,  '64,  Deep  Bottom,  Va. 


ROSTER.  377 

Chrystal,  Samuel,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 

Chubbuck,  David  T.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,   '61;  29;  w'n'd  July  3,   '63;   disch.  Dec.  30,  '64; 

escaped  pris.  war. 
Churchill,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  23,  '61;  23;  N.F.R. 

Cipeli,  Carlo,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  11,  '64;  31;  deserted  Dec.  24,  '64,  near  Petersburg,  Va. 
Claffy,  Thomas,  1st  sergt.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  24;  killed  in  action,  Dec.  13, '62,  Fredericksburg. 
Clafflin,  James,  priv.,  (A),  May  17,  '64;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  pris.  June  22,  '64  to  Apr.  28,65. 
Clair,  Henry,  priv.,  (B),  July  30,  '63;  22;  sub.;  deserted  .Sept.  26,  '63  at  Racoon  Ford  to  the 

enemy  while  on  picket. 
Clapp,  Chas.  K.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  29,   '62;  22;  deserted  Sept.   '62;  surrendered  May  5,   '65; 

Pres.  proe.  disch.  May  15,  '65,  O.W.D. 
Clapp,  John  A.,  mus.,  (C),  Jan.  17,  '65;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Clare,  James  P.,  mus.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  15;  prin.  mus.  Dec.  20,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '65;  2nd 

Lieut.  June  30,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  65'  as  1st.  Sergt. 
Clark,  Charles,  priv.,  (K),  June  14,  '64;  19;  sub.  Coridon  Simons;  pris.  June  22, '64;  parolled 

Apr.  18,  '65;  disch.  June  24,  '65,  O.W.D. 
Clark,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  10,  '61;  19;   died  Oct.  28,  '62  at  Bolivar,  Va. 
Clark,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Apr.  19, '64;  37;  sent  by  mistake  to  28  M.V.Apr.  24, '64;  see  rejected 

recruits. 
Clark,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  June  8,'64;  21;  sub.  E.  U.  Barbour. 

Clark,  James,  priv.;  (E),  May  27,  '64;  22;  sub.  H.  N.  Carter;  disch.  Dec.  31,  '64  from  Hosp. 
Clark,  James,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  21;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Clark,  John  A.,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  17,  '64;  18;  killed  May  10,  '64;  Wilderness,  Va. 
Clark,  Pecallis  N.,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  25,  '65;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  for  first  enlistment  see  Navy 

Folio  115,  747. 
Clark,  Thomas,  priv.,  (G),  May  14,  '64;  21 ;  sub.  H.  S.  Sheldon,  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Clark,  Walter,  priv.,  Feb.  6,  '65;  30;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  20,  '65;  see  rejected  recruits. 
Clark,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  19 ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  2nd  Lieut. 
Clayton,  Arthur,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  26, '65;  28;  deserted  June  9,  '65  from  Camp  Munson's  Hill.Va. 
Clements,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Apr.  19,  '64;  22;  supposed  to  have  died  Sept.  5,  '61,  Andersonville 

in  Co.  B;  N.F.R. 
Clemons,  Chas.  E.,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  2, '62;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  Feb.  7, '63  at  Alex- 
andria, Va.,  by  order  Lt.  Col.  McKelvay. 
Clifford,  Patrick  D.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  18,  '65;  25;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Clifford,  Shundron  M.,  priv.,  (E),  Nov.  16,   '64;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Cloves,  Theo.  O,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  4,  '63. 
Cobb,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  15,  '65;  34;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Coffin,  Chas.  P.,  corp.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  37;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  4,  '62  at  Boston  by  Col.  Day. 
Coffin,  Geo.  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  23;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  in  Co.  A. 

Coffin,  Gorham,  priv  . ,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  26;  killed  inaction,  July  3,  '63,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Coffin,  John  G.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  4, '62. 
Colaghan,  Michael,  priv.,  (C),  May  26,  '64;  35;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  captured  at 

Jerusalem  Plank  Road;  not  heard  from  since;  died  July  17,  '64,  Arlington,  Va. 
C  >burn,  David  F.,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  26,   '62 ;  26;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  6,   '63. 
Colburne,  Elisha  H.,  Corp.,  (F),  Aug.  19,   '61;  31;  disch.  for  prom.  Mar.  1,  '62. 
Colby,  Eben,  priv.,  (('),  Aug.  12,  '62;  26;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Colby,  George  W    priv.,  ( — ),  Aug. 20, '62;  IS;  disch.  priv    Nov.  11, '(52, on  S.C.  of  D.  unas- 

signed  to  Co. 
Colby,  John  L.,  priv.,  (A),  Jan.  30,    '62;,  22;    disch.  disa.  June  9,   "62;  see  F.  48  th  regt.  and 

E,  1  Batt.  H.A. 
Colo,  John  G.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  26,   'til ;  38;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Colo,  Rufus  II.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  10,   '62;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,   '62;   died  of   w  mis  Oct.  5, 

'62  at  Smoke  Town  Hosp.,  Md. 
Cle,  Samuel,  priv.,  (C),  July  26, '61;   24;  deserted  July  30,  '61 ;  returned;  disch.  Oct.  17, '63, 

according  to  war  dept.;  no  authority  in  A.G  .<  >.  Mass. 
Coleman,  Lewis  E.  J.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  28,  '62. 


378  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Collins,  David,  (B),  Aug.  23,  '61;  35;  reported  on  Monthly  report  for  June  '62  as  deserted. 

May  28,  '62;  N.F.R. 
Collins,   George,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  1,  '63;  22;  sub.  Thos.  Hefferman;  transf .  to  20th  M.V.Jan. 

14,  '62. 
Collins,  Peter,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  18;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62;  Antietam,  Md. 
Collins,  Samuel  E.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  died  of  w'nds  June  25,  '62,    Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Collins,  Thomas,  priv.,  (E),  May  27,  '64;  26;  sub.  E.  S.  Strickland,  has  been  pris.;  M.O.  June 

30,  '65. 
Collopy,  Michael,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  10,  '61;  21;  re-en.  Dae.  21,  '63;  disch.  July  31,  '63;  disch. 

paper,  pris.  June  22,  '64  to  Apr.  28,  '65. 
Congdon,  John  P.,  sergt.,  (G),  July25,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;M.O. 

June  30,  '65  as  1st  Lieut. 
Coughlin,  Patrick,  priv.,  (B),  Apr.  2,  '62;  24;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Mar.  7, '64;  disch.  from  V.R.C. 

Apr.  3,  '65  Co.  D,  24  Regt. 
Conigan,  Daniel,  priv.,  (E),  Sept:  2,  '61;  22;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;M.O.June 

30,  '65. 
Conley,  Daniel,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  21,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Conner,  Bernard,  priv.,  (H),  June  3,  '64;  18;  sub.  Wm.  A.  Little;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Conners,  Henry,  priv.,  (M),  July  29,  '63;  34;  served  in  prison,  transf.  to20thM.V   Jan.  20,'64 
Connolly,  Hugh,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  '61;  32;  died  Sept.  29,  '62;  Phila  lelphia,  of  wounds. 
Connolly,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;   disch.  disi.   Mar.  25,    63  ; 

re-en.  Co.  B,  1st.  Cav. 
Connolly,  Michael,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  18;  w'n  d  July  3,  '63;  transf.  V.R.C  Sept.  16,  '63; 

disch.  Nov.  15,  '65;  from  V.R.C.  9th  Regt. 
Conrad,  Christopher,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  24, '64;  35;  died  Apr.  15,  '65,  HarwoodHosp.,  Wash.,D.C 
Conray,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  May  31,  '64;  23;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  war  since  June  22, '64;  not  heard 

from  since. 
Conroy,  William,  priv.,  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  not  mustered;  no  service;  N.F.R. 
Converse,  Augustus  W.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  3,  '61;  31;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62;  see  C,  2  Cav. 
Converse,  Josiah  L.,  priv.,  mus.,  Sept.  9,  '61;  34;  disch.  by  order  Dec.  31,  '61. 
Conway,  Bernard,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  28,  '64;  28;  w'n'd.  May  6,  '64;  abs.  sick  since  May  17, '64; 

not  heard  from  since. 
Conway,  Bernard,  sergt.,  (E),  July  25, '61;  24;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Feb.   14,  '63. 
Conway,  Stephen,  corp.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  35;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  1,  '63. 
Conway,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  disch.  June  30,  '65. 

Cooger,  Joseph,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  6,  '61;  35;  See  Co.  H  17th  Mass.;  not  in  19th  Regt. 
Cook,  Bartlett,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  never  left  state. 
Cook,  Chas.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  4,  '63;  25;  sub.  Cyrenus  W.  H  askins;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan 

23    '64. 
Cook,  Moses  E.,  1st  serg.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  38;  disch.  Sept.  24,'62;  sea  also  V.R.C.  2nd  for 

Enlistment. 
Coolidge,  Michael,  priv.,  ( — )  Aug.  21,  '61 ;  34;  fee  Co.  I,  2th  Mass.;  did  not  serve  in  19th 

Regf. 
Coolidge,  Rufus,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  14,  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 
Coombs,  James  A.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  28,  '61 ;  18;  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Cooper,  Geo.  W„  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  deserted  Apr.  27,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Cooper,  James,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  1,'63;  21;  sub.  Horace  D.  Davis;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.,  Jan. 

23,  '64. 
Cooper,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  20;  N.F.R.,  A.G.O.  Mass.;  sub. 
Cooper,  Thomas,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  24,  '64;  21 ;  killed  May  10,  '64,  Spottsylvania,  Va. 
Copp,  David  G.,  priv.,  (B),  July  31,  '63;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  sub. 
Copp,  John  C,  mus.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  21 ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  July  20,  '65. 
Coppins,  Geo.  T.,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  24,  '63;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Corbett,  Jeremiah  B.,   priv.,  (G),   Aug.  19,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr. 

27,  '63. 
Corcoran,  James,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  7,  '63. 


ROSTER.  379 

Corrigan,  Daniel,  sergt.,  (E),  Sept.  2,  '61;  22;  June  30,  '65. 

Cosgrove,  Joseph  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n 'd  Sept.  17,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  25,  '63. 

Costello,  James  P.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  w'n 'd  June  25,  '62;  disch.  disa.  July  23,  '63. 

Costello,  Thos.  F.,  priv.,  (G),  Oct.  10,  '61;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;   diedof  w'nds  May  24,  '64. 

Cote,  David,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  30;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Cotter,  William,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  21,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Cottle,  Samuel,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '62 ;  23 ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63 ;  transf .  to  navy,  Apr.  20,  '64 ;  disch. 
July  15,  '65. 

Conlehan,  Thomas,  priv.,  (B),  July  9,  '63;  24;  drafted;  abs.  pris.;  not  heard  from  since. 

Conche,  Patrick  H.,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  12,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Cousins,  Erastus,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  29,  '62;  40;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  abs.  on  detached  service  in 
navy  since  Feb.  '64. 

Covell,  Frank  D.,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  29,  '64 ;  21 ;  died  of  w'nds  Mav  12,  '64,  Spottsylvania. 

Cowdrey,  Nath.,  priv.,  band,  Aug.  31,  '61;  37;  disch.  Jan.  30,  '62;  see  2nd  Batt. 

Cox,  Albert  T.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61;  24;  never  joined  the  regt.;  see  5th  Batt. 

Cox,  Arthur  W.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1, '61;  20;  Hosp.  Steward  May  30, '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as 
private. 

Cox,  John.,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Craig,  James.,  priv.,  (C),  May  2,  '64;  30;  absent  sick  since  Feb.  17,  '65. 

Crane,  Clarence  P.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  24;  re-en.  June  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Crawford,  Duncan,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  3,  '63;  31 ;  sub.;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  23,  '64. 

Crawley,  Peter,  priv.,  (C),  Jan.  17,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Cressy,  David  S.,  corp.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  22 ;  died  May  22,  '62,  Washington,  D.C. 

Cressy,  Dearborn  S.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug,  26,  '61;  40;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  20,  '62. 

Cressy,  Romello  D.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  20;  died  of  wounds  Dec.  14,  '62,  Fredericksburg, 
Va. 

Croft,  Frederick  F.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  2nd  Lieut.  July  1,  '62; 
dropped  Oct.  13,  '62 ;  is  reported  transf.  to  Co.  I  same  regt.  by  promotion  to  2nd  Lieut., 
but  he  is  not  recognized  as  having  been  in  service  as  2nd  Lieut,  of  said  Co.  and  regt.,  he 
having  been  physically  disqualified  for  service  in  that  grade,  resulting  from  wounds  re- 
ceived in  action  June  30,  '62,  while  an  enlisted  man  of  Co.  B,  said  regt.,  and  prior  to  the 
date  of  his  commission  as  2nd  Lieut.  He  was  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62  as  missing  by  G.O.  162 
Headquarters  A.  of  P.  Oct.  7,  '62;  N.F.R. 

Cromack,  Joseph  B.,  Corp.,  (B),  Aug.  9,  '61 ;  22;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  27,  '62. 

Cromack,  Joseph  C,  chap.,  (F),  Aug.  3,  '61;  49;  transf.  to  22nd  M.V.  Nov.  8,  '61;  died  — , 
1900,  in  New  Jersey;  buried  at  Hartford,  Conn. 

Cronan,  Andrew,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  3,  '63;  38;  sub.;  disch.  Dec.  8,  '63;  G.  Tufts  report  4. 

Cronan,  Jeremiah  C,  Corp.,  (G),  Aug.  23, '61;  21;  re-en.  Jan.  30, '64;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  July  1, 
'63;  re-transf.  to  G.  19th;  disch.  June  24,  '64  by  promotion  to  1st  U.S.  Vols.  2nd  Lieut. 

Cronan,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Feb.  1,  62;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  3,  '63  at  Bos- 
ton by  Col.  Day. 

Cronin,  Michael,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  21,  '61;  40;  died  of  wounds  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg. 

Cronin,  Patrick,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  21,  '61 ;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Cronin,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  3S;  re-en.  Jan.  20,  '64;  killed  May  12,  '64,  Spottsyl- 
vania, Va. 

Cronk,  Sydnia,  priv.,  (C),  May  6,  '64;  39;  w'n'd  June  (i,  '64;  abs.  w'n'd  since  June  6,  '64; 
not  heard  from  since. 

Cross,  Chas.  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  Sergt. 

Cross,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (C),  July  20,  '61 ;  28;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  17,  '62. 

Crowley,  Bartholomew,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  w'n'd  May  24,  '04  . 
died  May  24,   '64. 

Crowley,  John,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  27,  '61;  32;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  4,  '62. 

Cimniff,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  5,  '61;  18;  not  in  regt.  or  mustered. 

Cunningham,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,    (il;  30;  deserted  Aug.  28,  '61. 

Cuinmings,  Sam'l  P.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  29;  disch.  Sept.  13,  '62;  disch    paper. 

Cummings,  Solomon  L.,  1st  sergt.,  (C),  July  20,   '61;  27;  disch.  Sept.  24,   '62. 

Cummingham,  Thos.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  5,  '62;  21 ;  transf.  to  navy,  Apr.  20,  '64. 


380  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT.' 

Currier,  Edward  F.,  priv.,(C),  July  26,  '61 ; 43 ;  transf . to  V.R.C. Sept.  27,  '63 ;  disch.  July  26,  '64. 

Curtis,  George,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  21,  '64;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Curtis,  J.  Wm.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  21;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Curtis,  Wm.  M.,  priv.,  (F),  Mar.  25, '62;  21;  re-en.  Dec.  21/63 jdisch.Mar.  12, '65  as  1st  Lieut.; 

w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62. 
Cushing,  John  P.,  Corp.,  (I),  Aug.  24,  '61;  —  ;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  29,  '62. 
Cushman,  Cyrus,  priv.,  band,  Aug.  31,  '61;  30;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 
Cusick,  George,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  21,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Cutler,  Jas.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  July  8,  '62. 

Dade,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9,  '61;  29;  disch.  Dec.  31,  '61. 

Dagget,  William,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  1,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Dahl,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  16,  '64;  32;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris.  war  since  June  22,  '64  ; 

not  heard  from  since. 
Dailey,  James,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  35;  disch.  disa.  May  13,  '63. 
Dailey,  Daniel,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  deserted  Apr.  30,  '62. 
Dailey,  James  P.,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  13,  '62;  32;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;   disch.  disa.  Nov.  5,  '62; 

see  also  V.R.C. 
Dailey,  John  C,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
Dakin,  Chas.  B.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  '63  fat 

David  Island  Hosp.,  N.Y. 
Daley,  Daniel,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63.  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Daley,  Wm.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  16,  '65;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Danne,  Redford,  priv.,  Apr.  5,  '64;  18;  unassigned;  died  July  19,  '64  at  Andersonville,  Ga., 

while  pris.  war. 
Damon,  Albert,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  July  13,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  12,  '64. 
Danforth,  George,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
Danforth,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  43 ;  died  of  w  'nds  Dec.  8,  '62  at  Spring  House 

Hosp. 
Daniels,  Thomas,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  30;  deserted  Mar.  10,  '62. 
Darling,  Leonard  M.,  priv.,  (G),  Mar.  31,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Davidson,  Robert,  priv.,  (A),  May  12,  '64 ;  19 ;  is  borne  on  M.O.  roll  dated  June  30,  '65  abs. 
Davis,  Albert  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  19;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  7,  '63. 
Davis,  Arthur  M.,  priv.,  (A),  May  14,  '64;  35;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Davis,  Charles,  priv.,  July  30,  '63;  29;  sub.  Robert  Macomber;  N.F.R. 
Davis  Edward  K.,  sergt.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  as  priv.,  Oct.  9,  '62;  see  Co.  K 

5th  3  mos. 
Davis,  George,  priv.,  Feb.  17,  '64;  21;  N.F.R. 
Davis,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  25,  '65;  17;  disch.  May  6,  '65. 
Davis,  James  A.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  8,  '62;  28;  M.O.  Aug.  4,  '64;  abs.  pris. 
Davis,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63 ;  26 ;  sub. ;  transf .  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Davis,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Apr.  8,  '64;  23;  abs.  sick  in  U.S.  Gen.  Hosp.,  Md.,  May  6,  '65;  N.F.R. 
Davis,  Nath'l.W.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  22;  abs.  w'n'd  Aug.  28,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Davis,  William,  priv.,  Dec.  9,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 
Dawson,  Jackson,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Feb.  11,  '64;  disch.  Aug.  29, 

'64;  disch.  paper;  no  evidence  of  disch.  in  A.G.O.  Mass. 
Dawson,  Thos.  R.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '63 ;  32 ; sub.  Chas.  M.  Field ; transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,'64. 
Dawkins,  William,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  14,  '62;  34;  disch.  disa.  June  7,  '62;  see  Wm.  Dawkins,  Jr. 

Co.  C,  59th  regt. 
Day,  Chas.  G.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  10,  '61;  18;  N.F.R. 
Day,  Samuel  W.,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  22,  '61;  19;  w'n'd   Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  6,  '63; 

see  also  V.R.C. 
Dearing,  John,  priv.,  (E),  Sept.  1,  '62;  30;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  May  5,  '63. 
Dean,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (K),  May  17,  '64;  31;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  drafted. 
Deansfleld,  John,  priv.,  (I),  May  30,  '64;  35;  sub.  Elbridge  Souther;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22, 

'64;  N.F.R. 
Decastro,  Jos.  H„  priv.,  (F),  July  12,  '61 ;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 


ROSTER.  381 

DeLa,  William,  priv.,  (E),  May  13,  '64;  23;  sub.  C.  H.  Williams,  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64; 

N.F.R. 
Delaney,  John,  priv.,  (K),  June  13/64;  20;  sub.  Arthur  Mitchell; abs.  pris.  since  June  22, '64. 
Delaney,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  32 ;  died  on  steamer  en  route  to  Fort  Monroe  July  10, 

'62;  Co.  B. 
Delano,  Ezra,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  29;  drafted;  died  Nov.  3,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Delay,  Daniel,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  17,  '62;  see 

also  V.R.C. 
Denihan,  John,  corp.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  26;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  priv.  abs.  sick. 
Denny,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61 ;  18;  died  in  Co.  I  June  4,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Denny,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Dennet,  George,  priv.,  (E),  May  30,  '64;  31;  sub.;  captured;  paroled  by  Gen.  McLaws,  for 

service  in  Engineer  shops,  Savannah,  Ga. ;  to  retain  work  on  this,  parole  was  granted  by 

Sec.  War  C.S.A.,  Nov.  1,  '64;  investigation  fails  to  elicit  further  information;  not  M.O. 

but  borne  on  M.O.  roll,  dated  June  30,  '65  as  pris;  with  the  additional  information  of 

War  dept.  letter  Apr.  25,  '92. 
Demon,  Hugh,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  Feb.  19, '65;  may  be 

correct. 
Dennis,  Wm.  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  2,  '61 ;  18;  disch.  Oct.  22,  '62  to  enlist  in  U.S.A.;  on  U.S.A. 

enlistment  credit  of  N.Y. 
Devens,  James,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,   '61;  35;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,   '62;  .transf.  to  V.R.C. ;  disch. 

Feb.  11,   '64. 
Devereux,  Arthur  F.,  capt.,  (F),  Aug.  3,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  Sept.  16,  '62;  disch.  Feb.  27,  '64. 
Devereux,  Chas.  U.,  capt.,  (H),  Oct.  25,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  resigned  Apr.  15,  '63. 
Devine,  Francis/priv.,  (B),  July  8,  '63 ;  33 ; sub.  John  S.  Higgins ;  transf .  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  23,  '64. 
Dew,  George,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  1,  '63; 

disch.  Nov.  14,  '65. 
Dickey,  Morril,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  35;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  24,  '62. 
Dickie,  Isaac  L.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  10,  '62;  26;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  6,  '63. 
Diggles,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  June  24,  '62;  disch.  paper. 
Dillon,  Edward  A.,  priv.,  (B),  July  31,  '63;  20;  sub.  Chas.  M.  Parks;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan. 

23,  '64. 
Dittmer,  Wm.,  priv.,  (F),  May  30,  '64;  25;  sub.  J.  K.  Gleason,  abs.  pris.  of  war  since  June  22, 

'64 ;  not  heard  from  since. 
Dodge,  James  G.  C,  2nd  lieut.,  (F),  Aug.  24, '61;  21;  w'n'd  Dec.  13/62  and  July  3,  '63;  capt. 

Apr.  5,  '63;  Maj.  61st  M.V..  Nov.  9, '64. 
Doer,  Stephen,  priv.,  (B),  July  31,  '63;  32;  sub.  Geo.  H.  Prior,  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  23,  '64. 
Doherty,  Edward,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  37;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64; abs.  w'n'd  June  30,  '62. 
Doherty,  Edward  C,  priv.,  (C),  July  31,  '63;  31;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Doherty,  Frank,  priv.,  (— ),  Nov.  18,   '64;  36;  N.F.R. 
Doherty,  George,  priv.,  (F),  35;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Doherty,  James,  priv.,  (I),  July  27,  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  13,  '63. 
Doherty,  John,  priv..  (E),  Aug.  26,   '61;  40;  pris.  war,  not  heard  from  since;  believed  died 

Dec.  31,  '63. 
Doherty,  Neil,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,   '61  ;  22;  deserted  Aug.  18,  '61. 
Doherty.  Richard  K.,  priv.,  (B),  June  3,   '64;  20;  M.O.  June  30,   '65;  sub.  Newell  White; 

alis.  missing  since  Aug.  25,    '64. 
Dolun,  Wilhelm,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  21,   '6-1 ;  23;  disch.  June  28,  '65,  O.W.D. 
Doland,  Peter,  priv.,  (  — ),  Aug.  1,   '63;  21  ;  sub.  Jos.  F.  Ward,  N.F.K. 

Donatli,  Herman ,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  killed  in  action,  July  3,  '63,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Uonavan,  Albert,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  4,  '63;  25;  sub.  Kussell  Doane;  deserted  Oct.  19,  '63. 
Donavan.  Patrick,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  26,  '6  4 ;  IS;  w  n  .1  June  3,  '64 ;  M .( ).  June  30,  '65. 
Doiiavan,  .lore,  priv.,  (H),  Feb.  20,  '64;  IS;  died  Apr.  '64,  Stevensburg,  Va. 
Donavan,  John,  priv.,  ((.'),  Aug.  27.  '61;  32;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,   '62;  pris.  July  2,  '63,  to  Mar.  1, 

'6.') ;  disch.  Juno  5.    't'>ri. 
Dorncy,  David,  priv.,  (B),  May  20,  '64 ;  4(1;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  sub.  Edmund  Mullen. 


382       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

Donlan,  James,  priv.,  (I),  May  13,  '64;  41;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30, '65;  abs.  pris.;  disch.  July 

20,   '65. 
Donnelly,  James,  priv.,  Feb.  26,  '64;  18;  rejected  Mar.  1,  '61. 
Douglas,  Albert  C,  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  27,  '61;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  in  Co.  H;  abs.  sick, 

July  10,  '65;  died  at  Penoyer,  Cal.  Apr.  24,  '05. 
Douglas,  John  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  31,  '62. 
Douglas,  Joseph,  priv.,  (H),  May  16,  '64;  26;  sub.  J.  D.  Phelps;  pris.  July  22,  '64  to  Mar.  6, 

'65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  disch.  July  15,  '65. 
Dousley,  Joseph,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  19,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  absent  sick. 
Dow,  Abram  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  transf. 

to  1st  Batt.  V.R.C.  May  9,  '65. 
Dow,  Reuben  B.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63;  22;  sub.  G.  O.  Sears;  transf.  to  Co.  D;  disch.  as  Sergt. 

June  5,  '65  at  Columbus  Gen.  Hosp.,  Wash.,  D.C. 
Dow,  Thomas  A.,  priv.,  (C),  July  31,  '63;  22;  sub.  Moses  Baker;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64 
Dow,  William,  priv.,  (B),  July  31,  '63;  43;  sub.  Peter  H.  Crowell;  disch.  at  Boston  (novate) 

by  order  Gen.  Dix. 
Dowd,  John,  priv.,  Aug.  5,  '61;  18;  no  service. 

Downer,  Samuel,  priv.,  (C),  Feb.  20,  '62;  32;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  23.  '63;  died  May  '63  at  Grove- 
land,  Mass. 
Downey,  Peter,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  19,  '62. 
Downing,  Robert  E„  priv.,  Mar.  1,  '64;  18;  rejected  Mar.  4,  '64. 
Doyle,  Edward,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  25;  w'n'd  May  6,  '64;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  abs.  sick; 

see  V.R.C. 
Doyle,  George,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  21,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Doyle,  James,  priv.,  (I),  Apr.  1,  '64;  18;  w'n'd  May  18,  '64;  abs.  pris.  since  June  28,  '64; 

not  heard  from  since. 
Doyle,  Lawrence,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  6,  '61;  29;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Doyle,  Nicholas,  priv.,  (B),  June  9,  '64;  39;  sub.;  disch.  July  14,  '65;  abs.  pris. 
Doyle,  Thomas,  priv.,  (F),  Feb.  13,  '62;  32;  killed  in  action  July  3,  '63;  at  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Doyle,  William,    priv.,  (B),  May  21,  '64;  31;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  not  heard 

from  since. 
Drake,  Alvan,  Jr.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  3,  '61 ;  31 ;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  12,  '62. 
Driscoll,  Dennis,  priv.,  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  never  joined  for  service. 
Driscoll,  Jerry,  priv.,  (K),  Dec.  31,  '64;  21 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Driscoll,  John  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Feb.  27,  '64;  19;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  not  heard  from 

since. 
Driver,  Samuel,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62,  May  6,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21 

'63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Driver,  Wm.  R.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  prom.  Capt.  A.A.G.  Vols. 

June  4,  '64. 
Drury,  Benj.,  wagoner,  (H),  July  26/61;  35;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  28,  '62;  Co.  I. 
Duffy,  Michael,  priv.,  (B),  July  25,  '63;  24;  sub.  Amos  A.  Warren;  deserted  Sept.  26,  '63  at 

Racoon  Ford  to  the  enemy  while  on  picket. 
Dubois,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '64;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Dudley,  Ezra,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  2,  '62;  19;  killed  in  action,  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Duncan,  Henry,  priv.,  Mar.  3,  '64;  22;  N.F.R. 
Dunham,  Hollowell  R.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  24 ;  died  of  w'nds,  Oct.  7,  '62,  Hoffman   Hosd. 

Md. 
Dunn,  Clarence,  priv.,  (D),'Aug.  21,  '61 ;  19;  died  of  disease  June  21,  '62.  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Dunn,  Edward,  priv.,  Jan.  9.  '65;  18;  died  Jan.  31,  '65  in  hospital. 

Dunkin,  Percy  H.,  priv.,  (E),  Nov.  30,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  disch.  June  24,  '65. 
Dunn,  James,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  3,  '63;  29;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Dunn,  James,  Jr.,  priv.,  June  8, '64;  22;  sub.  N.B.  Mendum;  N.F.R. 
Dunn,  Moncena,  1st  lieut.,  (D),  Aug.  22, '61;  30;  w'n'd  Dec.  13/62,  June  3/64;  Capt.  June 

18/62;  Major  Feb.  28,'64;  Lt.  Col.  July  28/65;  disch.  July  19,  '65  expir.  as  Major;  has 

been  prisoner. 


ROSTER.  383 

Dunn,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61 ;  29;  abs.  pris.  from  Co.  A,  since  June' 22,  '64,  not  heard 

from  since. 
Dunn,  Patrick,  sergt.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  34;  w'n'd  June  30,  'Q2;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  6,  '63;  see 

Co.  M,  4th  H.A. 
Dunn,  Phillip,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,   '61;  18;  w'n'd  Sept.    17,  '62;   re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30, '65. 
Dunn,  William,  priv.,  (I),  Mar.  31,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris.;  disch.  July  7,  '65. 
Dupan,  John  A.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  22,  '61;  25;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64,  as  absent  sick. 
Duval,  George,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  21 ;  sub.  A.  J.  Bemis;  disch.  Dec.  2,  '64,  order  of  Sec. 

war. 
Duran,  David,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  deserted  June,  '62. 

Durand,  Henry,  priv.,  (C),  July  16,  '63;  32;  sub.  Marshall  Johnson;    deserted  Sept.  14,  '63 
Dustin,  James  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61 ;  29;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  23,  '62. 
Dyer,  Geo.  M.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  7,  '61. 
Dyer,  Franklin  J.,  surgeon,  (F  &  G),  Aug.  3, '61;  35;  disch.  Aug.  28, '64. 

Eacott,  Henry,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  22 ;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp 

Va. 
Eagan,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  18;    w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21, 

63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  Co.  A. 
Eastley,  Alfred,  priv.,  (— ),  Nov.  29,  '62;  27;  N.F.R. 
Eastman,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  19;  disch.  July  20,  '62. 
Eastman,  Robert  H.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  1,  '63;  18;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Eaton,  James  J.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Jan.  28,  '62;  24;  see  Co.  F,  17  Mass.;  not  in  19th  Regt. 
Eayrs,  Winslow  P.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63;  28;  sub.  Edward  E.  Herrick;  disch.  Dec.  17,  '63; 

G.  Tufts,  rept.  4,  on  S.  C.  of  D. 
Eckart,  Carl,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  4,  '63;  30;  sub.;  deserted  Oct.  12,  '63. 
Eckelman,  James,  priv.,  (C),  July  22,  '63;  39;  sub.;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Edwards,  Charles,  priv.,  (B),  May  26,  '64;  22;  sub.;  died  Nov.  '64,  Andersonville. 
Edwards,  Henry,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  28,  '64;  21;  N.F.R. 

Edwards,  Wm.  P.,  priv.,  (B),  Nov.  29,  '62;  11;  re-en.  Dec.  1,  '63;  disch.  Aug.  3,  '65. 
Edwards,  William,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  48;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64;   see 

also  V.R.C. 
Eggleston,  Melville,  2nd  lieut.,  ( — ),  May  ,6  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 

Eilers,  Heinrich,  priv.,  ( H ),  May  13, '64 ;  22 ; sub.  Edward  Crowell ; abs. pris.  June  22, '64 ;  N.F.R 
Eldridge,  James,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63;  31;  sub.;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '61. 
Ellery,  Wm.  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,'61;  18;w'n'd  as  corp.,  July  3, '63,  Co.  C;  disch.  Aug.  29, 

'64;  re-en.  in  V.R.C. 
Elliot,  William,  priv.,  (B),  June  11,  '64;  25;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  1st  sergt. 
Ellis,  Alfred,  priv.,  (G),  Apr.  15,  '64;  28;  abs.  sick  since  '64;  N.F.R. 
Ellis,  Joseph,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  19,  '64;  18;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  11,  '65;  see  rej.  recruits. 
Kllswurth,  Milton,  priv.,  (C),  July  2(1,  '61;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch.  June  28, '65,  O.W.D.; 

has  been  prisoner. 
Ellis,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  May  18,  '64;  28;  sub.  R.  B.  Peckham;  N.F.R. 
Emerson,  John  W..  sergt.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  23;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61;  served  V.R.C,  13th 

regt.;  M.O.  Nov.  17,  '65. 
Emile,  Moreau,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,   '05;  28;  M.O.  June  30,    65. 
Enwright,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Dec.  10,   '02;  21;  N.F.R. 
Entzensbirgcr,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Dec.  S,   '111;  35;  disch.  June  23,   '05. 
Erben,  Henry,  priv.,  (E);   joined  regt.  Sept.  25,  '63;  N.F.R. 

Ernst,  August,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  7,  '05;  28;  deserted  to  the  enemy  ut  Hatchers  Run,  Va. 
Esminger,  Hugo,  priv.,  (GJ,  Jan.  7,  '05;  21;  .M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Kstes,  1  >aniel  L.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  27,  '02  ;  32  ;  disch.  Dec.  17,  '02  ;  unassigned  order  Sec.  War. 
Estes,  Wm.  P    U.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  13,   '02;  18;  w'n'd  July  3,  '03;  pris.  war,  June  22,   '01  to 

May  11,   '05;  disch.  Feb.  13,  '05;  expir.  term;  M.O.  to  date  June  5,   '05. 
Evans,  George,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,   '61;  19;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '04  as  abs.  sick;  N.F.R. 
Evans,  Geo.  T.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  18,    01;  25;  disch.  expir.  term,  Sept.  18,  '64. 


384       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

Faber,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (F),  Feb.  5,  '62;  21 ;  transf.  V.R.C.  Apr.  5,  '64;  disch.  expir.  term,  Feb. 

5,   '65. 
Fadigan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  28;  charge  of  desertion  removed  Oct.  26, '65;  N.F.R. 
Fairley,  Alexander,  priv.,  Dec.  3,  '62;  30;  N.F.R. ;  died  Togus,  Me.,  Apr.  11,  '05. 
Fallon,  John,  priv.,  (B),  Dec   31,  '64;  30;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Fallon,  Owen,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  35;  sub.  John  Halihy;  died  leb.  8,  '65. 
Fallon,  Martin,  priv.,  Aug.  6,  '61;  35;  N.F.R.,  or  service. 
Falls,  Benj.F.,   priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10, '61;    36;   re-en.  Dec.  21, '63;    died  of  w'nds  May  10,  '64, 

Spottsylvania. 
Falls,  Leander,  S.  sergt.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  20,  '62  as  priv. 
Fane,  William,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  18;  sub.  A.  H.  Page;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  abs.  sick. 
Fanning,  Edward,  priv.,  Aug.  9,  '61 ;  19;  no  service. 
Farrell,  George,  priv.,  (E),  May  25,  '64;  19;  sub.  M.  V.  Gilchrist ;  died  Nov.  6,  '64  at  Ander- 

sonville,  Ga.  * 
Farrell,  James  F.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  w'n'd  May  7,  '64;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65  as  Q.M.S. 
Farrell,  Robert,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  18,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Farren,  John,  priv.,  (C),  July 25,  '63;  23;  sub. Henry  M.Tucker;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '65. 
Farrer,  Frank,  priv.,  (D),  May  14, '64;  20;  sub.  Noyes  Wheeler;  abs.  pris.  as  "Farnham;" 

N.F.R. 
Farrington,  Henry  C,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  10, '61;  31;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  3/63. 
Farnham,  William,  priv.,  (C),  June  3,   '64;  18;  sub.  W.  H.  Robinson;  died  Nov.  22,  '64, 

Salisbury,  N.  C. 
Fasbell,  Isaac  M.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  5,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Faul,  Patrick,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  12,  '61;  22;  abs.  missing  since  May  18,  '64;  N.F.R. ;  sup.  dead. 
Faulkner,  Patrick,  priv.,  Sept.  3,  '61;  20;  no  service. 
Fay,  William,  priv.,  (D),  Mar.  3,  '64;  rejected  Mar.  5,  '64. 
Fee,  James,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  19,  '61;  46;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  23,  '63. 

Fee,  William,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  30,  '64;  18;  killed  in  action,  June  7,  '64,  Cold  Harbor,  Va. 
Fellows,  Horatio,  priv.,  (C),  July  13,  '61;  34;  re-en.  June  20, '64;  killed  in  action  June  6,'64;  • 

Cold  Harbor,  Va. 
Ferrin,  Charles,  sergt.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  14,  '63  at  Providence. 
Ferguson,  Charles,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  4,  '63;  39 ;  sub.  Jas.  H.  Small ;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64 
Ferguson,  John  Q.  A.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  28,  '61;  23;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Ferguson,  Richard,  priv.,  (K),  June  13,  '64;  21;  sub.  W.  G.  Pease,  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64; 

N.F.R. 
Ferris,  John  J.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  killed  in  action,  May  12,  '64,  Spottsylvania;  2nd 

Lieut.  Jan.  12,  '63,  1st  Lt.  Feb.  27,  '63. 
Field,  Edwin  C,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63;  26;  sub.;  deserted  Aug.  16,  '63  at  Morrisville. 
Filley,  Chas.  C,  priv.,  (A),  June  9,  '64 ;  20 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  2nd  Lieut. 
Fillow,  Theo.  J.,  priv.,  (C),  June  13,  '64;  21;  sub.  Geo.  Walker;  deserted  Sept.  10,  '64,  near 

Fort  Hancock  before  Petersburg. 
Findlay,  James,  priv.,  June  13,  '64;  27;  sub.  J.  F.  Brierly;  N.F.R. 
Finn,  Joseph,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  25;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Finnegan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (A),  May  7,  '64;  19;  died  Aug.  24,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Fisher,  Horace  A.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  21,  '61;  19;  w'n'd.  June  20,  '62;  missing;  disch.  disa.  Nov. 

22,  '62. 
Fisher,  John,  priv.,  (C),  July  29,  '63;  28;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Fisher,  Wm.  B.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  30;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  29,  '64. 
Fisk,  Peter,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  16,   '62;  32;  N.F.R. 
Fitch,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  22;  N.F.R. 
Fitz    Henry,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,'61;   25;    w'n'd  Dec.  13,   '62;   disch.  disa.  Mar.  10,   '63  at 

Washington,  D.C.  by  Gen.  Martindale. 
Fitzgerald,  Edward,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61 ;  23;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Fitzgerald,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  5,  '61;  18;  N.F.R. 

Fitzgerald,  John,  priv.,  (I),  July  6,  '61;  24;  died  Nov.  20,  '61  in  camp,  Poolesville,  Md. 
Fitzgerald,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  3,  '63;  32;  sub.  Hiland  Hall;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Fitzgerald,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Dec.  30,  '63;    18;    M.O.  June  30, '65;    pris.  since  June  22, '64; 

paroled  and  joined  regt.  May  17,  '65. 


ROSTER  385 

Fitzgerald,  Patrick,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  20;  w'n'd  June  3,  '63;  re-en.  Jan.  4,  '64;  disch. 

Apr.  28,  '65,  O.W.D.;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64,  to  Apr.  12,  '65. 
Fitzmaurice,  William,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  26,  '64;  18;  rejected  Mar.  4,  '64;  see  rejected  recruits. 
Fitzpatrick,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  19,  '62;  23;  no  record. 
Fizzell,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  27,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '62. 
Flaherty,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Feb.  23,  '65;  21 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Flanagan,  James,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  May  12,  '64;  disch.  disa. 

Apr.  4,  '63;  re-en.  in  same  Co.;  killed  in  action,  May  12,  '64. 
Flanagan,  Thomas,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  31;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  29,  '62. 
Flanagan,  Joseph,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  deserted  as  "John,"  Aug.  8,  '61. 
Fletcher,  Edward  W,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  22; re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June 30,  '65in(K). 
Fletcher,  James  S.,  priv.,  (C),  Jul  y  26,  '61;  27;  M.O.  as  priv.,  Aug.  31,  '64  as  of  Co.  H. 
Fletcher,  Jeremy,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  40;  disch.  May  7,  '62. 
Flinn,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  May  13,  '64;  21;  sub.  O.F.  Ruggles;abs.  pris.  since  June  22, '64;  not 

heard  from  since. 
Flood,  Peter,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  3,  61;  18;  see  Co.  H,  30th  Mass.;  did  not  serve  in  19th  but  in 

30th  having  enlisted  there  in  Nov.  24,  '61  and  Oct.  26,  '65. 
Floyd,  Joseph,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  28,  '61;  33;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  4,  '61. 
Flusher,  Peter,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  18,  '65;  33;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  5,  '65. 
Flynn,  John  J.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Feb.  29,  '64;  19;  rejected  Mar.  2,  '64. 

Flynn,  Richard,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  9,  '61 ;  34;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  abs.  sick. 
Fogerty,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  19;  transf.  to  10th  V.R.C.  July  1  ,'63;  disch.  July 

28,  '64. 
Fogg,  Benj.  E.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  20,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  M.O 

Aug.  28,  '64. 
Foley,  Matthias,  priv.,  (I),  July  29,  '61;  18;  M.O.^Aug.  28,  '64;  abs.  w'n'd;  M.O.  with  det 

Aug.  28,  '64. 
Foley,  Owen  A.,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  24,  '61;  17;  never  joined;  not  on  pay  roll  of  Co. 
Foley,  Patrick,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  1,  '61;  20;  no  service. 
Folger,  Daniel  W-  priv.,  ( — ),  Apr.  18,  '64;  25;  transf.  to  Navy,  June  '64. 
Folsom,  Henry,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  19;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Ford,  Dennis,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  33;  deserted  Aug.  22,  '61,  Lynnfield. 
Ford,  James,  corp.,  (I),  July  29,  '61;  27;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28, '64;  as  priv. 
Ford,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  16,  '61;  26;  deserted  Feb.  11,  '62. 
Ford,  Michael,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  8,  '65;  23;  N.F.R. 
Forrest,  Edward,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  24;  deserted  June  19,  '62 ;  drowned  while  attempting 

to  desert. 
Forsaith,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  23,  '64;  22;  killed  in  action,  June  22,  '64  at  Jerusalem  Plank 

Road. 
Fortune,  Richard  J„  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  34;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  13,  '63. 
Fosdall,  Isaac  M.,  priv.,  (H),  June  5,  '65;  44;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Foster,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  19 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  3,  '63. 
Foster,  Job,  priv.,  (C),  May  13,  '64;  44;  disch.  Mar.  25,  '65  order  of  Gen.  Dix. 
Foster,  Thomas,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  39;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  8,  '63;  see  Co.  F.  Hy.  Art'y. 
Foster,  Richard  R.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.  O.  June  30,  '65. 
Foster,  Walter  C,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  31,  '64;  28;  M.O.  June  30/65. 
Foss,  John  L.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  19;  killed  inaction,  Sept.  17, '62. 

Fountain,  Andrew,  Jr.,  priv.,  (D),  Jan.  30,  '62;  19;  died  of  w'nds  Aug.  7,  '62,  Yorktown,  Va. 
Fowler,  Chas.  H„  wagoner,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  37;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Fowler,  John  F.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  12.  '62;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  abs.  w'n'd. 
Fowler,  Isaac  N.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  23,  '61;  22;  deserted  Mar.  10,  '62. 
Fox,  George,  priv.,  (B),  May  IS,   '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  sub. 
Fox,  George,  priv.,  (  K), ;  21 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  last  heard  from  in  Anderson- 

ville;  supposed  to  be  dead. 
Frame,  Jos.  H.,  priv.,  (O,  Aug.  14,  '61 ;  27 ;  hon.  disch.  disa.  Sept.  6,  '62. 


386       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  EEGIMENT. 

Francis,  George,  priv.,  (A),  May  24,  '64;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  sub.  Geo.  Whittier. 
Francis,  Henry  A.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  21;  N.F.R. 

Franklin,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (K),  Jan.  4,  '64;  31;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S. 
Frederick,  L.  Bestwick,  priv.,  (K),  Oct.  10,  '62;  39;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  abs.  sick;  M.O. 

1st  S.S.  Sept.  3,  '64;  never  served  in  19th. 
Freece,  Noah  L.,  priv.,  (D),  Jan.  28,  '62;  31;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  25,  '62  at  Newport  News,  Va. 
Freiden,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  6,  '61;  20;  no  service. 
French,  Chas.  C,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  20;  N.F.R. 
French,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  18,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

French,  Geo.  W.,  wagoner,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  37 ;  deserted  as  priv.,  June  22,  '62  at  Poolesville . 
Frost,  Hieroninus,  priv.,  (D),  July  24,  '63;  35;  sub.  Geo.  Smith;  died  Dec.  9,  '63  Regt.  Hosp., 

Stevensburg,  Va. 
Frye,  Joseph,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  3,  '63;  25;  sub.  Jas.  Swett,  Jr.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64; 

disch.  from  Co.  B,  7  V.R.C.  July  7  '65. 
Fulton,  David,  Asst.  surg.,  H.S.  June  15,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Fuller,  Henry  G.,  priv.,  (D),  July  13,  '63;  27;  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Gaber,  Frank  E.,  priv.,  (D),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.;  deserted  Sept.  14, '63. 

Gahagan,  Nicholas,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  3,  '63;  40;  sub.  transf.  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Gahager,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  15,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Gallager,  Edward,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  25,  '64;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Gallagher,  John  W.,  priv.,  (D),  July  28,  '63;  21;  sub.  Thos.  W.  McCabe;  transf.  to  20  M.V. 

Jan.  14,  '64;  first  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  9th,  as  John  Gallagher. 
Gallagher,  Michael,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  and  missing  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa. 

Nov.  28,  '62. 
Gallan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  13,  '63. 

Galrog,  James,  priv.,  (K),  June  14,  '64;  24;  sub.  E.  C.  Bailey;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64;  N.F.B. 
Galvin,  Dennis,  priv., (F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  13,  '63;enlisted  and  mustered  Aug. 

1,  '63;  credit  N.  Marlboro,  Co.  D,  6  V.R.C;  M.O.  Nov.  15,  '65;  2nd  V.R.C.  to  which  transf- 
Galvin,  Michael,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  29;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gamble,  Robert  J.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  22;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  abs.  pris.  from  June  22- 

'64  to  Apr.  2,  '65;  disch.  June  21,  '65. 
Gammage,  William,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  43;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  23,  '62. 
Garragan,  Henry,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9,  '61. 
Gannan,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  38;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  7,  '62  at  Alexandria,  Va. 
Gannan,  William,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  9,  '64,  26;  N.F.R. 
Garcia,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Apr.  1,  '65;  25;  disch.  May  6,  '65;  unassigned. 
Gardner,  Thomas,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  22;  deserted  Aug.  28,  '61,  Lynnfield. 
Gardner,  William,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62  and  June  30,  '62;  disch. 

Oct.  27,  '62  to  re-en.  in  U.S.A. 
Garfield,  Josiah,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ; 21 ;  w'n 'd May  10,  '64 Spottsylvania;  M.O.  Aug. 28,  '64- 
Gaston,  George,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  3,  '64;  39;  disch.  June  10,  '65. 
Gateley,  Thomas,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  22 ;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  26,  '62  by  order  of  Gen.  Mar- 

tindale. 
Gatz,  George,  priv.,  (C),  Jan.  5,  '65;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gaynor,  Francis,  priv.,  (D),  July  24,  '61;  34;  died  Feb.  24,  '63. 
George,  Willard  K.,  priv.,  (F),  Jan.  25,  '62;  22;  disch.  disa.  May  24,  '62. 
George,  Wm.  T.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  12,  '62;  35;  disch.  prom,  as  "Wallace,"  Oct.  29,  '63;  per 

S.O.W.D.;  mustered  in  as  1st  Lieut.  Co.  E,  37  V.S.C.T.  Oct.  30, '63;  hon.  disch.  Feb 

13, '65. 
Gelroy,  James,  priv.,  (K),  June  14,  '64;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gerard,  Julius,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  3,  '65;  25;  deserted  June  25,  '65. 
Gibbens,  Wm.,  priv.,  (F),  July  25, '61;  26;   w'n'd  July  3, '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,'63;"M.O.  June 

30, '65. 
Gibbs,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9,  '61;  21;  disch.  Jan.  30,  '62;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Gibson,  George,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  13,  '65;  38;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gifford,  David  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  19,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 


ROSTER.  387 

Gifford,  Jos.  S.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  21,  '61;  27;  died  of  w'nds  Sept.  25,  '62,  Winchester,  Va. 

Gilbert,  Delos,  priv.,  (I),  June  13,  '64;  20;  sub.;  abs.  pris.,  June  22,  '64. 

Giles,  Israel,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  35;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  14,  '62. 

Giles,  John  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  35;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  18,  '63. 

Gillespie,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  9,  '64;  24;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  disch.  disa.  June  12,  '65. 

Gilford,  Jos.  A.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  27,  '62;  22;  killed  in  action  Dec.  11,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Gilheany,  Jack,  priv.,  (K),  Jan.  24,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Gillon,  Edward,  priv.,  (— ),  July  16,  '63;  25;  N.F.R. 

Gingrass,  Sidney,  priv.,  (C),  May  30,'64;  21;  sub.  J.  K.  Anthony,  abs.  w'n'd;  disch.  to  date 

Dec.  20,  '64 
Glassett,  Dennis,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  25,  '62;  25;  never  joined  for  duty;  deserted. 
Glassett,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  5,  '61;  18;  no  service. 
Glidden,  Ezra  A.,  priv.,  ( — ),  band,  Aug.  31,  '61;  32;  disch.  June  8,  '62. 
Goarant,  Doffels,  priv.,  (B),  May  13,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  sub.  J.  M.  Parker,  taken  pris. 

June  22,  '64;  returned  to  duty  May  12,  '65. 
Goff,  Edward  H.,  priv.,  (C),  Apr.  4,  '64;  20;  w'n'd  May  6,  '64;  abs.  w'n'd   as  "Edwin;" 

deserted  June  26,  '64;  surrendered  May  10,  '65  under  pres.  proc;  disch.  May  15,  '65. 
Golden,  Edward,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  May  11,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Goodhue,  Alexander,  priv.,  (F),  May  30,  '64;  23;  sub.  H.  A.  Tarbox;  abs.  pris.  war  since  June 

22,   '64. 
Goodnow,  Samuel  E„  priv.,  (A),  July  29,  '63;  22;  sub.  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Goodnow,  Wm.  C,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  12,  '62. 
Goodrich,  Horace,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  5,  '65;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Goodrich,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  26,  '61;  32;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;   transf.  to  V.R.C.  Nov 

6,  '63;  disch.  from  20  V.R.C.  Nov.  21,  '65. 
Goodsell,  Henry,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  6,  '61;  18;  disch.  June  22,  '64. 

Goodwin,  Andrew,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  28,  '62;  24;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '04. 
Goodwin,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  1,  '62;  23;  N.F.R. 

Goodwin,  Geo.  F.,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  18;  disch.  Oct.  24,  '62  to  re-en.  in  U.S.A. 
Gookins,  James  B.,  priv.,  (G)  Aug.  23,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  23,  '62. 
Gordan,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  25;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64- 1 
Gorman,  Peter,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  21,  '64;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gormley,  Terrence,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.    Dec.  21,  '63;  pris- 

since  June  22,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gorry,  Mark,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  21;   w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Jan.  4,  '64;  M.O.  June 

30,  '65;  disch.  June  30,  '65;  disch.  paper. 
Goss,  James  W.,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  25,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Goway,  Nelson  W.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  18;  died  from  w'nds  July  25,  '62  at  New  York. 
Grady,  Michael,  priv.,  '.F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  34;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  16,  '63. 
Graham,  Edmund,  priv.,  (— ),July  31,  '63;  29;  sub.  Arunce  E.  Chase;  N.F.R. 
Graham,  John,  priv.,  (K),  May  25,  '64;  20;  sub.;  deserted  Aug.  12,  '64. 
Grant,  Alexander,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  19;  killed  in  action,  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Grant,  Augustus,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  19 ;  deserted  June  27,  '62  at  Fair  <  Inks ;  enlisted  in 

Navy  as  Albert  Morse,  June  22,  '62;  died  as  Albert  Morse,  in  U.S.G.  Hosp.  Mar.  1,  '65- 
Grau,  Jacob,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Gray,  Vinyal  O.,  priv.,  (H),  May  13,  '64;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Gray,  William,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  21;  no  service. 

Graves,  Horace,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  20;  killed  in  action,  Sept .  17,  '62,  Ant  ietani,  Md. 
Greeley,  Adolphus  W.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  in  face  Sept.  17,  '62;  discli.  Mar- 

4,   '63,  S.O.W.D.;  unassigned  May  19,   '69;  5th  Cav.  July  14,   '69,  1st    Lieut.  5th  Cav. 

May  27,  '73;  M.O.  Mar.  22,  '67;  Hrev't  Maj.  Mar.  13,  '65;  in  Penn.  Estab.  2n  i  Lieut.  36th 

Inf.  Mar. 7,  '67;  appointed  from  Louisiana;  ('apt.  June  11,   '86;  Brig.  Gen.  &  Chf.  Sig. 

Corps,  Mar.  3,  '87. 
Green,  Andrew  B.,  priv.,  (D),  July  29,  '63;  28;  transf.  to  20  M.V.M.  Jan.  14,  '64. 


388  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Green,  Asa  W.T  priv.,  (F),  Jan.  30,  '62;  22;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept,  26,  '63. 

Green,  Chas.  H.,priv.,  (D),  June  7,  '64;  18;sub.  C.H.Hardy  ;abs.  sick  since  Feb.  1,  '65;  N.F.R. 

Green,  Daniel  J.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  16,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Green,  Franklin  W.,  priv.,  (F),  Jan.  25,  '62';  21;  w'n'd  June  30, '62;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  19, '63 

Green,  Charles,  priv.,  (— ),  May  18,  '64;  22;  sub.  John  Chapin;  N.F.R. 

Greenleaf,  Albert  H.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  May  10,  '64;  re-en.   Dec.  21,  '63; 

M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Griere,  Thomas,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13, '61;  19;  w'n'd  June  30, '62;  disch. disa.  Aug.  29,  '62;  see 

also  V.R.C 
Grinn,  Frederick,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  20,  '64;  23;  deserted  June  5,  '65;  at  Munson's  Hill,  Va. 
Groom,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  18;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  15,  '61. 

Grooms,  John,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  15, '61;  Co.  H,  seel,  17th  Regt. 
Guizaso,  Sidney,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Guilfoyle,  Dennis,  corp.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  29;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  29,  '62; 

see  also  V.R.C. 
Guinon,  Philip,  sergt,,  (H),  July  26,  '61 ;  24;  killed  in  action  as  priv.,  Co.  I,  June  30,  '62,  White 

Oak  Swamp. 

Hadley,  Chas.  K.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  5,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  8,  '62. 

Hagan,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  21,  '64;  21;  N.F.R. 

Hagan,  Michael  F.,  priv.,  (D),  July  2.5,  '63 ;  28 ;  sub.  Fred  Bacon ;  transf  .to  20  M.V.M.  Jan.  14, '64. 

Hagen,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  14,  '64;  35;  drafted;  disch.  disa.  June  26,  '65. 

Hagedon,  Heinrich,  priv.,  ( E),  Aug.  1 1 ,  '63 ; 21 ; sub.  Horace Cilly ; transf.  to  20  M . V.  Jan.  14, '64. 

Hager,  Isaac  G.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  36;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  24,  '62. 

Haggerty,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  July  25, '61;  20;  killed  in  action  Dec.  13, '62;  Fredericksburg,  Va 

Haland,  Daniel,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  14,   '61;  22;  no  service. 

Hale,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  2.5,  '61 ;  22;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Hale,  Edward  A.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61 ;  31 ;  died  of  w'nds  June  31,  '62  at  Glendale,  Va. 

Hale,  Henry  A.,  1st  lieut.  (H),  Aug.  3,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62— June  3,  '64. 

Hale,  Paul  N.,  sergt.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  24;  disch.  disa.  as  priv.,  Oct.  30,  '62. 

Haley,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62 ;  deserted,  Sept.  26,  '62. 

Haley,  Martin,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  11,  '63;  21;  sub.  Geo.  W.  Randall,  deserted  Aug.  19,  '63  at 

Morrisville;  transf.  to  20  M.V   Jan.  14,   '64;  (paper  transfer.) 
Haley,  Michael,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  6,  '61;  43;  disch.  disa.,  Fairport,  Dec.  16,  '62. 
Haley,  Patrick,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  19,  '64;  21 ;  deserted  Dec.  20,  '64,  while  en  route  to  join  regt. 
Haley,  Wm.  M.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  27;  deserted  June  30,  '62;abs.  in  confinement  at  Ft. 

Hamilton,  N.Y. ;  M.O.  Aug.  28,   '64,  without  pay  or  allowance. 
Hall,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  28;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  14,  '63. 
Hall,  Ephriam  A.,  Jr.,  sergt.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61 ;  22;  disch.  Apr.  29,  '64  as  2nd  Lieut. 
Hall,  Samuel  A.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26, '61;  32;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  26,  '64. 
Hall,  Thomas,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  9,  '64;  23;  w'n'd.  May  10,  '64;  transf.  to  Co.  F;pris.  June  22, 

'64  to  May  6,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Halliday,  Samuel  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61 ;  18;  disch.  Dec.  9,  '64;  expir.  term. 
Halligan,  Michael,  priv.,  (E),  July  30,  '63;  26;  drafted;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '63. 
Hallis,  John,  priv.,  (B),  May  18,  '64;  29;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Ham,  Erastus  G.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  26;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  24,  '62. 

Ham,  Geo.  P.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  24;  died  of  w'nds  Aug.  21,  '63  at  Ft.  Schuyler,  N.Y. 
Hamilton,  William,  priv.,  (D),  July  31,   '63;  41;  sub.  Henry  E.  Davis;  transf.  to  20  M.V. 

Jan.  14,  '64. 
Hanson,  Charles,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  1,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Hanson,  Peter,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  39;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9.  '62. 

Hapgood,  Oliver,  lstsegrt.,  (H),  July  26,  '61 ;  28;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62  at  Glendale. 
Hardy,  John  C,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  31,  '62. 
Hardy,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  disch.  Jan.  16,  '62  as  corp.  to  enlist  in  5th  U.S 

Art'y.,  Co.  I. 
Hardy,  Sylvanus  W..  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  10,  '62;  30;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  1,  '62. 
Harmanyville,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  27,  '62;  27;  never  left  state;  N.F.R. 


ROSTER.  389 

Harper,  Robert,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  disch.  from  Co.  D,  Oct.  17, 

'62  for  disa. 
Haney,  William,  priv.,  (— ),  June  16,  '64;  27;  sub.  John  R.  Bates;  N.F.R. 
Harring,  William,  wagoner,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  38;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  priv.  as  abs.  sick. 
Harrington,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (K),  Oct.  21,  '62;  18;  transf.  from  1st  S.S.;  abs.  sick  since  Aug.  30, 

'64. 
Harrington,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (K),  May  18,  '64;  24;  sub.  C.  G.  Davis;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '64. 
Harrington,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  May  14,  '64;  22;  sub.  H.  M.  Clark;  N.F.R. 
Harrington,  John  H.,  priv.,  (E),  May  14,  '64;  44;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  disch.  disa. 

July  21,   '65. 
Harrington,  Michael,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  19;  disch.  Aug.  28,  '64;  expir.  term  in  Co.  D; 

see  also  V.R.C. 
Harrington,  Timothy,  priv.,  (E),  July  25, '61;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  24, '63. 
Harrington,  Thomas,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  20,  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Harris,  Charles,  priv.,  (D),  July  31,  '63;  32;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Harris,  Edward,  Corp.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  27;  died  Oct.  27,  '62,  Bolivar,  Va. 
Harris,  Geo.  W.,  sergt.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  20;  priv.;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  21,  '63. 
Harris,  Henry,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  24.  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Harris,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  25,  '65;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Harris,  Mark  A.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  Sept.  17, '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  abs. 

w'n'd. 
Harris,  Nath'l.  C,  Corp.,  (F),  Aug.  28,  '61 ;  35;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64;  as  abs.  sick. 
Harris,  Seth  M,  priv.,  (F),  Feb.  5,  '63;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  May  30,  '63. 
Harris,  William,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  21,  '65;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Harrison,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  25;  N.F.R. 
Harrison,  James  M.,  priv.  (E),  Aug.  11,  '63;  24;  sub.  Allen  Freeman;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan. 

14,  '64. 
Hart,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  28,  '64;  25;  absent  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Harton,  John,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  31,  '63. 
Hartzman,  Alfred,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  11,  '63;  20;  sub.  Henry  Wyatt;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan 

14,  '64. 
Harvey,  Patrick  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  29;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62,  July  3,  '63,  June  3,  '64; 

re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Harwood,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),.  Jan.  11,  '64;  45;  rejected  Jan.  19,  '64. 
Haskell,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  Sept.  5,  '62;  24;  deserted  while  en  route  to  regt. 
Haskell,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  6,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  at  Boston,  Mass.  Oct.  31,  '62. 
Haskins,  Edward  C,  priv.,  (F),  May  30,  '64;  21;  sub.  F.  B.  Richardson;  absent  pris.  since 

June  22.  '64;  not  heard  from  since;  real  name  was  Edward  Sabine. 
Hastings,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  20;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  15,  '63. 
Hastings,  Horace  A.,  mus.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Feb.  28,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Hayden,  Win.  H.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  10,  '63. 
Hayes,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Jan.  25,  '62;  28;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  29,  '62. 

Hayes,  James  J.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Hayes,  John  I.,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  24,  '64;  18;  rejected  Feb.  28,   '64. 
Hayes,  John  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30,    '65. 
Haynes,  Clement,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  5,  '64;  IS;  disch.  June  30,  '65  at  U.S.  Gen.  Hosp.,  Readville, 

Mass. 
Hauseman,  Wm,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  4,  'l>2;  21;  N.F.R. 

Hawes,  Stephen,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  23;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Havey,  Daniel  P.,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  IS;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  16,  '62. 
Havey,  James,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  sent  to  Boston  Aug.  29,   '64  for  M.O.;  failed  to 

report  and  is  considered   by  war  dept.  a  deserter;  removal   of   charge  of  desertion  has 

been  denied  him  by  Sec  y .  of  War. 
Hazen,  Chas.  R.,  sergt..,  (V),  July  25,  '61;  27;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '(i  I ;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  19,  '64. 
llazen,  Jacob  F.,  priv.,  (C),  July  31,  '61 ;  27;  died  of  w'ndsOct.  10,  '62,  received  Sept.  17,  '62 

at  Antietum,  Md. 


380  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Hazen,  Nathan  T.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  8,  '63;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Hazen,  Warren  J.,  eorp.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa,  Oct.  14,  '62;  see  also  V.R.C.  as 

Joseph  W. 
Heald,  Austin,  M.  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  15, '62;  18;  not  in  19th  Mass.;  see  1st  Co.  S.S.;  died  in  S.S. 
Hearn,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  42;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  25,  '63. 
Hearn,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  28;  deserted  Mar.  28,  '65,  at  Hatchers  Run,  Va.,  to  the 

enemy. 
Heath,  James  H.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Hecker,  Frederick,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  24,  '64;  28;  deserted  May  6,  '64,  Fight  of  Wilderness. 
Heffron,  Wm.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  30;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Heild,  Francis,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  19,  '62. 

Heill,  Frank,  priv.,  (D),  July  31,  '63;21;  sub.  John  Dwelly;  trans,  to  20th  M.V.  Jan.  14,*65. 
Heitzzes,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Feb.  8,  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Henderson,  George,  priv.,  ( — ),  July  31,  '63;  21;  sub.  Eugene  S.  Freeman;  N.F.R. 
Hendley,  Robert,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  N.F.R. 
Hennesey,  Michael,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  26,  '65;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Henry,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  3,  '63;  25;  sub.  Geo.  W   Nickerson;  deserted  Nov.  28,  '63. 
Henry,  John  M.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61 ; 40 ;  w'n'd  June  30, '62; disch.  disa.  Feb.  4, '63  in  Co.I. 
Henry,  Thomas,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61;  19;  N.F.R. 

Hern,  James  O.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '62;  18;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  dropped  Oct.  13, '62 
Herring,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  21, '61;  43;  disch.  Jan.  22,  '63,  at  Ft.  Munroe,  Va.,  disa.;  no 

evidence  of  disch.  in  A.G.O.  Mass. 
Herriberry,  Philip,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  24,  '65;  42;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Hervey,  Jos.  H.,  corp.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  20 ;  killed  in  action,  July  3,  '63  at  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Hess,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  11,  '63;  21;  sub.  J.  A.  Hollis;  deserted  Aug.  14,  '63. 
Hews,  Austin  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  12,  '65;  27;  deserted  June  11,  '65,  MunsonHill,  Va. 
Heywood,  William,  priv.,  (G),  June  29,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Higson,  Thomas,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  21,  '64;  30;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Higgins,  Archibald,  Jr.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  21;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Higgins,  Patrick,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  12,  '65;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Higgiston,  James,  priv.,  (C),  Apr.  8,  '64;21;pris.  May  6,  '64toMayl,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65 
Hill,  Allen,  R„  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  23,  '65;  34;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Hill,  Franklin  I.,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  26,  '65;  21;  deserted  Mar.  31,  '65. 
Hill,  Henry,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  25;  N.F.R. 
Hill,  Jere.  B.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  40;  N.F.R. 
Hill,  John,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  15,  '64;  39;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Hill,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  June  15,  '64;  23;  sub.  G.  Hould;  N.F.R. 
Hill,  John  E.,  Asst.  Surg.,  (F  &  G),  July  24,  '62;  died  of  wounds  Sept.  11,  '62. 
Hill,  Jos.  G,  priv.,  (K),  May  18,  '64;  26;  sub.  H.  D.  Parker;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '64;was  capt'd 
Aug.  25, '64,  par 'I'd  Oct.  8, '64;  reported  at  camp  parol,  Md.,  Oct.  ll,'64;furloughed  Oct. 
31, '64  for  15  days  &  deserted  Nov.  14, '64;  application  for  removal  of  charge  of  desertion 
and  hon.  disch.  has  been  denied. 
Hill,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  19,  '62;  21 ;  M.O.  expir.  term;  disch.  as  Capt.  Sept.  27,  '64. 
Hills,  Chas.  K.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  10,   '62;  21;  re-en.  Dec.  21,   '63;  disch.  June  17,   '65;  pris. 

from  June  22,  '64  to  June  2,  '65. 
Hilton,  Henry,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  30,  '64;  21;  died  of  w'nds  Apr.  22,  '65,  Washington,  D.C. 
Hinds,  Charles,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  29,  '62,  Co.  D. 
Hine,  Jesse  M.,  priv.,  band,  Aug.  26,  '61;  35;  disch.  Nov.  26,  '61. 

Hines,  Henry,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  18;  abs.  w'n'd  May  24,  '64;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Hinks,  Edward  W.,  Col.,  (F  &  G),  Aug.  3,  '61;  31;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62,  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch. 
Mar.  22,  '63 ;  having  tendered  his  resignation  official  army  register  U.S.  Vols.  prom,  him  to 
Brig.  Gen.  Nov.  29,  '62 ;  2nd  Lieut.  2  Cav.  U.S.A.  Apr.  26,  '61 ;  Lt.  Col.  8th  Mass.  M.V.M. 
Apr.  30 ,  '61 ;  Col.  May  16,  '61 ;  resigned-com.  2nd  Lieut. — 2  U.S.  Cav.  June  4,  '61 ;  M.O. 
Vol.  service  Aug.  1,  '61;  Col.  19th  Mass.  Vols.  Inf.  Aug.  3,  '61;  Brig.  Gen.  Vol.  May  29. 
'62;  Brev't.  Maj.  Gen.  Vols.,  Mar.  13,  '65^resigned  June  30,  '65;  Lieut.  Col.  40  U.S.  Inf. 
July  28,  '66;  Brev't.  Col.  Mar.  2,  '65;  Brev't.  Brig.  Gen.  Mar.  2,  '67;  transf.  to  25th  regt 
Mar.  15,  '69;  retired  with  rank  of  Col.  Dec.  15,  '70. 


ROSTER.  391 

Hinks,  ElishaA.,  sergt.  N.C.S.,  Aug.  3, '61;  33;  Brev't- Col.  Mar.  13, '65;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62, 

Dec.  1,3,  '62,  June  3,  '64;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  7,  '64,  Co.  B. 
Hitchcock,  Simon  D.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;23;w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  for  w'nds,  Dec. 

20,  '62;  see  Co.  3rd  regt.  3  mos. 
Hitchings,  Abijah  Frank,  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  25,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  disch.  disa.  July 

25,   '63. 
Hitzinger,  Martin,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  10,  '65;  44;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick  since  June  6,  '65. 
Hobert,  Charles,  priv.,  (D),  May  14,  '64;  20;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Hodges,  John,  Jr.,  1st  Lieut.,  (B),  Aug.  3,  '61;  19;  resigned  June  19,  '62. 
Hodgkins,  Jos.E.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  11,  '62;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Hogan,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Sept.  '61;  22;  dropped  from  rolls,  Oct.  13,  '62  at  Bolivar,  Va. 
Hogan,  Michael  F.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '63;  28;  transf.  Jan.  14, '64  to  20th  Inf. 
Hogan,  Stephen,  priv.,  (E),  May  21,  '64;  37;  sub.  S.  E.  Brown;  died  Aug.  18,  '64,  Anderson- 

ville,  Ga. 
Hoitt,  William,  priv.,  (I),  July  29,  '61;  31;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  disch.  Mar.  3,  '64. 
Holbrook,  Cyrus  F.,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  18,  '64;  37;  N.F.R. 

Holden,  Walter,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  17;  '62;  33; disch  .disa.  Nov. 4,  '62;  disch.  from  V.R.C.  rej  't'd. 
Holden,  Webster  D.,  Corp.,  (F),  Aug.  27, '61;  28;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Holland,  Daniel,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '62;  22;  killed  in  action,  July  3,  '63,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Hollister,  Jas.  W.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  N.F.R. 
Holms,  William,  priv.,  (A),  July26,'61;23;w'n'dSept.  17, '62; transf.  to  130th Co.2nd  Batt. 

V.R.C.  Dec.  28,  '63;  re-en.  May  14,  '64;  M.O.  as  of  D  Co.  9th  V.R.C.  to  which  assigned 

Nov.  22,  '65. 
Holmes,  Alexander,  priv.,  (— ),  July  18,  '64;  25;  disch.  disa.  July  22,  '64. 
Holt,  Davis,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  40;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Homan,  Jos.  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  26,  '61;  30;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Dec.  14,  '63. 
Homan,  Thos.  B.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  23;  M.O.  as  sergt.;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63. 
Homer,  Jos.  L.  B.,  priv.,  (G),  Sept.  16,  '61;  22;  not  mustered;  deserted  Dec.  '61;  never  joined 

regt. 
Homer,  Henry  A.,  capt.,  (D),  Oct.  8,  '64;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  see  E,  44th  &  56th  regts. 
Homer,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  24,  '62;  26;  deserted  Aug.  31,  '62. 
Honey,  Jas.  M.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  10,  '61;  41;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  12,  '63. 
Hopkins,  Horace  E.,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  17,  '65;  18;  disch.  Mar.  15,  '65;  S.O.W.D. 
Hopkins,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  26;  deserted  June  22,  '62,  at  Annapolis,  Md. 
Hopkinson,  Wm„  priv.,  (G),  May  11,  '64;  34;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Horrigan,  Jeremiah  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61;  28;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Horrigan,  Michael,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  18,  '65;  38;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Hovey,  Samuel  D.,  1st  Lieut.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  21;  resigned  Nov.  28,  '61;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '61. 
Howard,  Alexander,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  21,  '62;  23;  N.M.;  N.F.R. 

Howard,  Daniel  P.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61; 24; killed  inaction,  Dec.  13,  '62, Fredericksburg, Va. 
Howard,  Kendrick,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  10,  '61;  18;  M.O.  in  Co.  K,  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Howe,  Charles,  sergt.,  (K),  Aug.  14,  '62;  24;  disch.  expir.  term,  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Howe,  Henry,  Maj.,  (F  &  G),  Aug.  3,  '61;  25;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62  at  Glendale. 
Howe,  John  ('.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,    61;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  deserted  Mar.  13,  '64  while  on 

furlough. 
Howe,  Wm.  O.  M.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9,  '61;  14;  disch.  Nov.  17,  '61. 
Hoyt,  Daniel,  priv.,  (E),  May  13,  '64;  34;  died  Sept.  19,  '64,  Andersonville,  C,a. 
Hoyt,  John  L.,  sergt.,  (D),  Aug.  27,  '62;  24;  died  of  w'nds,  July  5,  '63,  Gettysburg. 
Hubbard,  Charles,  priv.,  (— ),  June  13,  '64;  21;  sub.;  N.F.R. 

Hubbard,  Charles,  priv.,(  A),  Apr.  22,  '64 ;  23;  abs.  prisAsince  June  22,  '64 ;  not  he^rd  from  since. 
Hubner,  Frederick,  priv.,  (D),  July  31,  '(i:!;  29;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Hudson,  Charles,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  22;  died  of  w'nds,  Doc.  14,  '62,  Falmouth,  Va. 
Hudson,  Jonathan,  priv.,  (A),  Auk.  20,  '61;    38;  killed  June  30,  '62;  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va. 
Hughes,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  S,  '64;  34;  N.F.R. 


392  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Hull,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  33;  killed  in  action,  June  25,  '62;  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 

Hurd,  Julius  B.,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  8, '64;  21;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64 ;  not  heard  from  since. 

Hunt,  Philip,  priv.,  (D),  July  21,  '63;  23;  sub.  Frank  Baxter ;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Hunter,  Frank,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  May  19,  '63, 
Mason  Hosp.;  capt'd.  in  action  at  Savage  Station,  Va.,  June  30,  '62;  confined  at  Rich- 
mond, Va.;par'l'd,  Sept.  13,  '62. 

Hunter,  John  W.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  20,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  9,  '63. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Hume,  Lysander  J„  1st  S3rgt.  (K),  August  13,  '61;  22;  w'n'J  Dec.  13,  '62;  M.O.June  30,  65 

Hurley,  Edward  J.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  10, '62;  18;  N.F.R. 

Hurley,  John,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,'61;  20;  N.F.R. 

Hurley,  Patrick,  Corp.,  (E),  July  25, '61;  25;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17, '62. 

Ingalls,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  38;  killed  in  action  Aug.  25,  '64,  Deep  Bottom,  Va. 
Ingersoll,  Hinman  E.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  8,  '64;  18;  disch.  disa.  Mar. '64. 

Jacobs,  Andrew  G.,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  22;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak 

Swamp,  Va. 
Jackson,  Frederick,  priv.,  (E),  July  31,  '63;  22;  sub.  Albert  Bragg;  deserted  Oct.  15,  '63  at 

Culpepper. 
Jackson,  John,  priv.,  (I),  May  4,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Jackman,  Leopold, priv.,  (B), Dec. 27,  '64 ;  27 ;  M.O.  June 30,  '65 ; absent  sick ; disch.  July  11,  '65. 
James,  Jos.  C,  priv.,  (F),  July  25, '61;  20;  w'n'd  Sept.  17, '62;  disch.  disa.  June  9,'63. 
James,  William,  priv.,  ( — ),  May  31,  '64;  25;  sub.  Alvin  Sibley;  N.F.R. 
Janmann,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Dec.  30,  '64;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Jaques,  Edmund  H.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  12,  '62;  27;  abs.  sick;  M.O.  as  Corp.,  Aug.  29, '64  also 

borne  as  Edwin  H.  Jaques. 
Jaques,  John  J.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  12, '62;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  disch.  disa.  as  corp.  Apr.  1,'63, 
Jarvis,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  18;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 

Jauman,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  30,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  medal  of  honor,  issued  Dec.  1,'64. 
Jellison,  Benj.  H.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  17;  w'n'd  June  25,  '.62;  June  3,  '64;M.O.as  sergt. 

re-en.  Dec.  21, '63. 
Jellison,  David  B.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  re-en.  Feb.  25,  '64;  M.  O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Jellison,  Sam.  C,  priv.,  (C),  July  26, '61;  18;  killed  June  30, '62,  at  Glendale. 
Jenkins,  Albert  M.,  priv.,  (G),  May  13, '64;  21;  sub.  R.  E.  Newcomb;  abs.  pris.  war  since 

June  22, '64;  N.F.R. 
Jenkins,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  31,  '62. 
Jenkins,  Nathan  B.,  priv.,  (E),  July  24,  '63;  29;  died  in  Richmond,  Va.,  as  N.F.  Dec.  4,  '63 
Jenkins,  Robert  C,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  32;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  12,  '63. 
Jenner,  Jacob,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  11,  '65;  27;  deserted  June  18,  '65  at  Munson  Hill,  Va. 
Jennings,  Henry,  priv.,  (C),  Apr.  22,  '64;  30;  w'n'd  June  3,  '64. 
Jewett,  David  J.  M.  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  30,  '62;  28;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63; 

M.O.  as  1st  Lieut  and  Regtl.  Q.M.  June  30,  '65. 
Jewett,  Henry  B.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  18;  abs.  sick;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Jewett,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (C),  Dec.  30,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  20,  '62. 

Jewett,  Wm.  H.  2nd.,  priv.,  (C),  Feb.  17,  '62;  33;  died  July  1,  '62  at  Harrison's  Landing,  Va- 
Johnson,  Bernard,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  29,  '64;  28;  transf.  to  Navy,  Apr.  23,  '64. 
Johnson,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  18;  died  of  w'nds  Apr.  21,  '63,  Philadelphia. 
Johnson,  George,  priv.,  (C),  May  26,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Johnson,  Giles  G.  W.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  21;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64 

to  May  1,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  1st  Sergt. 
Johnson,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  19,  '61;  22;  N.M. 

Johnson,  Loring,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  15,  '64;  19;  killed  May  24,  '64  at  North  Anna,  Va. 
Johnson,  Jos.,  Jr.,  corp.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  32;  disch.  disa.  June  10,  '62. 

Johnson,  Nath'l.,  priv.,  (C),  July  31,  '61 ;  43;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  1,  '63;  disch.  disa.  from 
V.R.C.  May  5,  '64. 


ROSTER.  393 

Johnson,  Norman,  priv.,  ( — ),  Apr.  22/64;  23;  died  Apr.  23,'64  at  Gallup's  Island. 
Johnson,  Peter,  priv.,  (E),  June  3,  '64;  26;  sub.;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Johnson,  William,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  3,  '60;  24;  sub.  Allen  Baxter,  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,'64. 
Johnson,  William,  priv.,  (D),  June  6,   '64;  34;  sub.  Chas.  Stilesj'abs.  sick  since  Aug.  '64; 

N.F.R. 
Johnston,  Ernest  B.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  29,  '61 ;  transf.  to  3d  N.Y.  Cav.  Co.  B,  Oct.  9,  '61 ;  re-en. 

Jan.  5,  '65  as  Vet.  Vol. ;  transf.  July  25,  '65  to  Co.  B,  4th  N.Y.  Prov.  Cav.;  M.O.  as  Sergt. 

Nov.  29,   '65. 
Johnston,  Robert  A.,  priv.,  (A),  May  17,  '64;  36;  sub.  Henry  Knowles;  died  Aug.  16,  '64, 

Andersonville,  Ga. 
Johonnot,  Darius,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  36;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  killed  accidentally  Mar.  23, 

'65  at  Humphrie's  Station,  Va. 
Jones,  Charles,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  26,  '64;  18;  N.F.R. 
Jones,  Fayette,  priv.,  (E),  May  25,  '64;   19;  sub.  Alvah  Goodnow;  abs.  sick  in  Gen.  Hos. 

since  July  25,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Jones,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  22;  sub.  Caleb  B.  Osgood;  N.F.R. 
Jones,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  21,  '64;  38;  abs.  sick  on  M.O.  of  Co.;  N.F.R. 
Jones,  Sam'l.  E.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  20;  N.F.R. 
Jones,  Thomas,  priv.,  (K),  Feb.  3,  '65;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Jones,  Thos.  S.,  sergt.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  41 ;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  26,  '62. 
Jones,  Wash.  R.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9,  '61;  also  see  V.R.C. 
Jones,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  3,  '62;  30;  N.F.R. 
Jordan,  Fred'k.  J.,  priv.,  (E),  Jan.  12,  '65;  25;  disch.  May  6,  '65. 
Jordan,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  5,  '62;  26;  N.F.R. 
Jordan,  John  F.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  22,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;   pris. 

June  22,  '64  to  Apr.  28,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Jordan,  Nathan  B.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61 ;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  from 

Co.  I,  Sept.  17,  '63. 
Joy,  Edward,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  36;  sub.  W  T.  Hanchitt;  capt'd.  Aug.  25,  '64,  Ream's 

Station;  not  heard  from  since. 
Joyce,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  26;  N.F.R. 

Kain,  Charles,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  30,  '61;  38;  deserted  May  6,  '65. 

Kannett,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  12,  '62;  25;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  21,  '63. 

Keating,  John,  priv.,  (E),  May  27,  '64;  32;  sub.  S.  W.  Avery;  abs.  pris.  war  since  June  22,  '64. 

Keefe,  Cornelius,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  9,  '62;  27;  N.F.R. 

Keefe,  David,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  15,  '61;  19;  N.F.R. 

Keefe,  Jos.  P.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  5,  '61;  18;  N.F.R. 

Keho?,  Daniel,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  30,  '65;  21;  disch.  July  28,  '65. 

Keiser,  Julius,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  1,  '63;  28;  sub.;  N.F.R. 

Keough,  Thos.  J.,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  disch.  July  14, '65. 

Kelliher,  Richard,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  9,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Kelly,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  26,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  23,  '62. 

Kelly,  James,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  26,  '61;  18;  died  Dec.  24,  '61,  near  Muddy  Branch,  Md. 

Kelly,  James,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  4,  '64;  24;  Vet.  9th  M.V.;  see  9th  regt.;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Kelly,  James,  priv.,  (K),  June  2,  '64;  21;  sub.  Martin  Webber,  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64. 

Kelly,  James  priv.,  ( — ),  Jan.  9,  '65;  38;  disch.'disa.  Jan.  27,  '65. 

Kelly,  Jas.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  18,  '65;  42;  M.O.  .June  30,  '65. 

Kelly,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  10,  '61;  18;  disch.  Mar.  26,  '65;  pris.  June  22, '64  to  Feb. 
26,  '65. 

Kelley,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  35;  died  Dec.  13,  '61,  Muddy  Branch,  Md. 

Kelley,  John  E„  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61 ;  33;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  10,  '63. 

Kelly,  John  F.,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  27,    (14;  IS;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  Mas. 

Kelly,  John  J.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  23,  '61;  IS;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  24,  '63. 

Kelley,  John  P.,  priv.,  (10),  July  25,  '61 ;  32;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61. 

Kelly,  Luke,  priv.,  (G),  July  25, '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30, '62;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  7, '62,  Wash- 
ington. 


394  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Kelly,  Michael,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  18;  abs.  pris.  in  Co.  D.;  M.O.  on  Ind.  M.O.  roll  as  priv. 

to  date  June  30, '65,  as  of  Co.  D,  same  regt.  to  which  transf.  Dec.  1,3*61,  with  remarks 

"Dishonorably  disc,  with  loss  of  all  pay,  bounty  and  allowances,"  by  S.O.  66  dept.  East. 
Kelly,  Michael,  priv.,  (D),  Mar.  8,  '64;  24;  claimed  by  Gen.  Kilpatrick  as  a  deserter,  dishon. 

disch.  June  30,   '65. 
Kelly,  Michael,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  3,  '63;  23;  sub.  Seth  E.  Stephens;  deserted  Oct.  5,  '63  from 

U.S.  Gen.  Hosp.,  Washington,  D.C. 
Kelly,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  23;  disch.  Oct.  22,  '63;  to  enlist  in  U.S.A.;  disch.  Aug. 

8,  '64  expir.  of  service  in  Batt.  A,  4th  U.S.  Arty. 
Kelley,  Patrick  J.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  6,  '61 ;  23;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  28,  '63  at  Convalescent  camp. 
Kelly,  Thomas,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Mar.  25,  '65  as  priv. 
Kelly,  William,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61 ;  19;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '61  at  Lynnfield. 
Kelly,  William,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  31,  '64;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Kelly,  Wm.  B.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  35;  N.F.R. 
Kelty,  Eugene,  1st  lieut.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  25;  disch.  Oct.  28,  '61;  com.  Capt.  Co.  K,  30th 

Mass.  Inf.  Nov.  6,  '61;  killed  in  action,  Aug.  5,  '62. 
Kendall,  Joshua,  mus.,  (D),  Aug.  10,  '61;  32;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Kendall,  Joseph  L.,  mus.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  35;  disch.  Dec.  19,  '61;  on  orig.  muster  roll  it  is 

John  L.  Kendall. 
Kennedy,  John,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.,  Dec.  15,  '61. 
Kennedy,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  13,  '61;  33;  deserted  Aug.  24,  '61  at  Lynnfield. 
Kennedy,  Peter,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  1,  '63;  22;  sub.  Robert  Larmott;  N.F.R. 
Kennedy,  William,  priv.,  ( — ),  July  28,  '63;  22;  sub.  Frederick  E.  George;  N.F.R. 
Kennett,  George  A.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  12,  '62;  25;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  21,  '62. 
Kennett,  Stephen  D.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  29;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  22,  '62. 
Kennett,  Wm.  A.,  corp.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  as  corp.  Nov.  22, '62,  at  Conva- 
lescent camp  Col.  Belknap. 
Kenney,  Enoch  C,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  33;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June .30,  '65;  abs. 

sick;  disch.  July  22,   '65. 
Kenny,  Michael,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  4,  '63;  41;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Kenny,  Thomas,  mus.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  17;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  31,  '62. 
Kent,  Abner,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  23;  sub.  Abner  Trask;  abs.  pris.  capt'd.  June  22,    '64, 

Jerusalem  Plank  road;  never  heard  from. 
Kent,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  May  25,  '64;  28;M.O.  June30,'65. 
Kent,  Jas.  G.,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  26, '61;  42;  w'n'd  Dec.  13, '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Feb.  15,  '64; 

disch.  disa.  Dec.  27, '64,  from  Co.  B,  24  V.R.C. 
Kent,  Jas.  A.,  corp.,  (B),  Aug.  6,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;   w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;   died  of 

disease  at  Richmond,  Va.,  Mar.  10,  '64. 
Kent,  Samuel,  S.,  corp.,  (C),  July  26, '61;  35;  disch.  Jan.  21, '64;  credit  Georgetown;  enlisted 

in  V.R.C.  as  Sewall  S.  Kent;  served  S.R.  July  18,  '64;  disch.  Nov.  16,  '65. 
Khold,  Francis,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  19,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  Choda. 
Kimball,  Daniel,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  29;  died  Apr.  26,  '62  of  disease,' Yorktown,  Va. 
Kimball,  Geo.  M.,  priv.,  (B)  July  26,  '61;  23;  N.F.R. 

Kimball,  Mureus,  corp.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  19;  re-en.  Feb.  24,  '64;  disch.  May  24,  '65. 
Kimball,  Moses  G.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  29;  M.O.  Aug.  27,  '64. 
Kimball,  Stillman,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  14,  '62;  32;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  3,  '62. 
King,  Rodney,  priv.,  (— ),  July  24,  '63;  27;  drafted;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Kinnear,  Conrad  D.,  sergt.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  22;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  13,  '63;  see  Co.  C,  3d  Inf. 

3  mo.  for  1st  enlistment  an  1  12th  unattached  Co.  70  days  for  3rd  enlistment. 
Kinttell,  Joseph,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  17,  '65;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Kirke,  Herman,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  23;  sub.  Henry  Hall;  N.F.R. 
Kissick,  Jas.  H.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  19;  transf.  to  V.R.C;  re-en.  in  Co.  II,  24th  V.R.C, 

June  8,  '64;  disch.  Nov.  27,  '65. 
Kiss,  August,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  17,  '65;  33;  disch.  May  6,  '65;  unassigned. 
Knapp,  Wm.  D.,  asst.  serg.,  (F.V.S.),  Mar.  19, '63;  22;  dismissed  Dec.  2,  '63. 
Kneeland,  Emery  P.,  priv.,  (E),  May  13,   '64;  27;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,   '65.;  pris.  since 

June  22,  '64;  not  heard  from  since;  on  M.O.  roll  as  Henry  P. 


ROSTER.  395 

Kneeland,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (C),  Sept.  10,  '61;  28;  disoh.  disa.  Nov.  13,  '62. 

Kneeland,  Noah  R.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  20 ;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Knight,  Cyrus,  wagoner,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  30;  deserted  Nov.  10,  '61. 

Knight,  Elias  D.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  26,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  25,  '61; 

Knight,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  14,  '65;  18;  disch.  June  8,  '65  disa. 

Knight,  Nelson  E.,  priv.,  (D),  Mar.  27,  '62;21;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62,  Dec.  13,  '62,  May  10,  '64. 

re-en.  Jan.  4,  '64;  pris.  June  22,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Knights,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  22,  '65;  34;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Knox,  Chas.  V.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  28,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  28,  '63  in  Co.  I. 
Koss,  August,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  12, '65;  33;  disch.  May  6, '65.  recr't. 
Krantz,  Earnest,  priv.,  (I),  June  1,  '64;  25;  sub.  R.  R.  Houston;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64. 

Lackey,  John,  priv.,  (E),  May  25,  '64;  19;  sub.  D.  D.  Dunnell;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 

La  Cont,  Pierre,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  30,  '65;  30;  abs.  sick  since  Jan.  20, '65,  at  Lincoln  Hosp., 

Washington,  D.  C. 
La  Cross,  Joseph,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  5,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
La  Due,  Joseph,  priv.,  (— ),  May  30,  '64;  21;  sub.  G.  B.  Miller;  N.F.R. 
Lake,  Jos.  W.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  22;  deserted  Sept.  3,  '62. 
Lakeman,  Horace,  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  25,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  May  24,  '62. 
Lamar,  Frank,  priv.,  ( — ),  May  13,  '64;  19;  sub.  A.  S.  Ludden;  N.F.R. 
Lamb,  George,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  21,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62,  May  13, '64,  M.O.  Aug.  28,  64. 
Lambert,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch.  June  17,  '65,  as 

Corp.;  pris.  June  22,  to  June  10,  '65. 
Lane,  John,  priv.,  (G).,  Jan.  11,65;  37;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Lang,  James,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  30;  deserted  at  Lynnfield,  Aug.  28,  '61. 
Larkin,  Chas.  C,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.,  Dec.  12,  '62;  see  V.R.C.  as  Chas.  O. 
Larkin,  Michael,  priv.,  (F),  Aug. 20,'61;  18;  disch.  disa.,  Jan.  31, '63  in  Co. I  at  Alexandria, Va. 
Larkin,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  17,  '64;  21 ;  sub.  H.R.  Ross;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Laroche,  Rudolph,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  27,  '64;  20;  deserted  June  2,  '65. 

Larrabee,  Benj.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,'61;  43;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  22,  '62,  at  Boston,  by  Col.  Day. 
Larrabee,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,'61;  27;  disch.  disa.  May  3,  '62. 

Larrabee,  Gustavus,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1, '61;   18;  w'n'd  June  30, '62;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  17,  '62- 
Larrabee,  Hersey,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  44;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  28,  '63. 
Larrabee,  Jonathan,   priv.,   (H),   Dec.  1,  '61;  22;  dishon.  disch.  Sept.  29,  '63;  sentence  of 

G.C.M.  marked  with  letter  D  and  loss  of  all  pay  and  allowances. 
Lavershall,  Peter,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  24,  '64;  28;  transf.  to  20  M.V. 
Lauriche,  John,  priv.,  (F),  July  31,  '63;  27;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, '64. 
Laws,  Wm.  D.,  priv.,  (E),  May  12,  '64;  43;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Lawry,  Joshua,  recr't.,  ( — ),  Nov.  20,  '63;  36;  Dec.  15,  '63;  rej't'd  recr't. 
Leach,  Alexander,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  31,  '62. 
Leach,  Edward,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  27;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam  as  sergt. 
Leach,  Frank,  priv.,  ( K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ; 23 ;  w'n  'd  June  25,  '62,  June  30,  '62 ;  dropped  Oct.  13, '  62. 
Leach,  Fred,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  9,  '65;  35;  N.ll. 

Leach,  William,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  21 ;  missing  in  action,  June  30,  '62;  N.F.R. 
Leahey,  John,  priv.,  (E),  Jan.  30,   '65;  32;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Leahy,  Thomas,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  L3,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  July  1, '63. 

disch.  Aug.  29,  '64. 
Leahy,  Thomas,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Leary,  Timothy,  priv.,  (E),  July  25, '61;  26;  w'n'd  Sept.  17, '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21, '63;  M.O- 

June  30,  '65,  as  wagoner. 
Lee,  David,  1st  Lieut.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  22;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Lee,  David  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  28;  deserted  May  20,  '62;  from  Gen.  Hosp. 
Lee,  Henry,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  26;  re-en.  Dec.  31,  '63;  M.O.  July  25,  '65  to  date  July  20, 

'65  on  I.M. 
Lee,  Howard,  priv.,  (E),  July  :U,  '63;  26;  sub.  Freeman  A.  Robbina;  deserted,  Falmouth,  Va 

while  on  reconnoisance. 


396  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Lee,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  29,  '62;  34;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65,  as  Com.  Sergt. 
Lee,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Mar.  22,  '64;  25;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64. 
Lee,  John  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  May  21,  '62. 

Lee,  Sargent  S.  P.,  priv.,  (C),  June  16,  '64;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  sub.  S.  C.  Whitcher. 
Lee,  Shubael  D.,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  3,  '64;  30;  deserted  Mar.  26,  '64,  on  expir.  of  leave. 
Legardere,  Henry,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  26,  '64;  22;  N.F.R. 
Leighton,  Isaiah,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  3,  '61;  27;  disch.  Dec.  31,  '61. 

Leithead,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;19;w'n'd  Sept   17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  1st,  '63. 
Lentz,  Frederick,  priv.,|.(G),  Jan.  9,  '63;  35;  deserted  Mar.  28,  '65  at  Hatchers  Run. 
Learnard,  Walter  A.,ppriv.,  (F),  Mar.  17,  '64;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  drafted. 
Leonard,  Geo.  H.,rpriv.,  (B),  Jan.  23;  14;  N.F.R. 

Leonard,  John  J.,  priv.,  (B),  Apr.  4,  '62;  32;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;   disch.  disa.  Mar.  29,  '64 
Leonard,  Michael,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept 

12,  '63. 
Leppiere,  Jean,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  5,  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Lentz,  Frederick,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  35;  deserted  Mar.  25,  '65. 

Leslie,  James,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  3,  '63;  28;  sub.  John  L.  Clapp;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Leverance,  Charles,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  4,  '63;  30;  sub.  Jos.  A.  Stubbs;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '63, 

Morrisville. 
Lewin,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (F),  Mar.  30,  '64;  21;  abs.  pris.  died  Aug.  28,  '64  Anderson ville,  Ga. 
Le  Villian,  Ferdinand,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  30,  '65;  29;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Lewis,  Albert  H.,  priv.,  (D)  Aug.115,  ,'61;  28;  disch.  Mar.  12,  '64  at  Washington,  D.C. 
Lewis,  Henry,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  22,  '64;  24;  N.F.R. 
Lewis,  Daniel,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  44;  Ind.  M.G.O.  roll  report  him  M.O.  as  of  19th  regt. 

May  20,  '65  to  date  Dec.  9,  '64  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Libby,  Joseph,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  as 

1st  Lieut.  June  30,  '65;  detached  &  served  on  Division  Staff. 
Lillie,  Albert  S.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  20;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  for  w'nds  Aug.  30,'62, 
Linehan,  Cornelius,  priv.,  (F)  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris.  May  6,  '64  to  Apr. 

6, '65;  M.O.June  30, '65. 
Little,  Moses  C,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  12,  '62 ;  38 ;  killed  in  action,  Dec.  11,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va  . 
Littlefield,  Moses,  R.,  wagoner,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  38;  re-en.  Dec.  31,  '63;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 
Littlefield,  William,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  42;  died  Sept.  15,  '62  at  Newport  News,  Va. 
Locke,  J.  R.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  24, '61;  22;  N.F.R. 

Lockridge,  Albert,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21;  sub.  Briggs  Taylor;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '63. 
Logan,  Jere.,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  19,  '62;  29;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  29,  '62. 
Loftus,  John  P.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  N.F.R. 
Long,  Henry  A.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  18;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '61. 
Longwood,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  2, '62,;  22;  N.F.R. 

Lopez,  Frank,  priv., (F),  Aug.  3,  '63;  22;  sub.  Joshua  S.  Hallet;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64 
Lord,  Jas.  H.,  mus.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  28;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Lothrop,  Willard,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  28,  '62;  44;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  23,  '62. 

Loveland,  Nath'l.  Jr.,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  10, '62;  22;  died  June  27,'62,Yorktown,Va.,  in  Co.  D. 
Lowell,  John  Q.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  26, '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  8,  '61. 
Lowell,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  15,   '61;  48;  N.F.R. 
Lowey,  Joshua,  priv.,  (— ),  Nov.  20,  '63;  30;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  15,  '63. 

Lucas,  John  G.,  priv.,(— ),  Aug.  10,  '61 ;  20;  see  24  Mass.  Vols,  did  not  serve  in  19th  but  in24th 
Lucia,  Paul,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  10,  '65;  20;  abs.  sick;  disch.  July  22,  '65. 
Lucius,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (F),  July  31,  '63;  35;  sub.  Ephraim  Stearns;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan 

14,  '62  &  deserted  July  24,  '64  from  Co.  H. 
Lucy,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (G),  Oct,  1,  '61 ;  18;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp.Va 
Ludlow,  James,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  28,  '64;  died  Aug.  27,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Lummus,  Benjamin,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '61;  32;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris.  June  22,  '64  to  May 

17,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Lurvey,  Jas.  T.,  2nd  Lieut.,  (B),  Aug.  6,  '61;  34;  resigned  Dec.  2, '61;  "Roster." 
Luther,  Joseph,  Corp.,  (I),  July  29,  '61;  20;  deserted  Oct.  25,  '61. 


ROSTER.  397 

Lunt,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  33;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61  as  Corp. 

Lutz,  George,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  16,  '65;  23;  deserted  Apr.  9,  '65. 

Lyford,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  June  17,  '64;  21;  sub.  T.  B.  Loomis;  N.F.R. 

Lyons,  Martin,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61 ;  18;  killed  in  action,  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 

Lyons,  Michael,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  11,  '64. 

Lynch,  Charles,  priv.,  (F),  July  30,  '63;  22;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Lynch,  Daniel,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  N.F.R. 

Lynch,  James,  priv.,  (F),  July  29,  '63;  21;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Lynch,  John,  priv.,  (E),  Jan.  10/65;  37;  M.O.  Juns  30/65. 

Lynch,  John  J.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  deserted  Sept.  '61. 

Lynch,  William,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  30;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  abs.  sick. 

Mace,  Geo.W.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  29; killed  in  action,  July  30/62,  White  Oak  Swamp.Va 

Mack,  John,  priv.,  (F),  July  31,  '63;  22;  sub.  Freeman  Atkins;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64 

Mack,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  11,  '65;  30;  disch.  June  27,  '65. 

Mack,  Thomas,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Mackin,  Francis,  priv.,  (G),  May  20,  '64;  35;  sub.;  pris.  June  22,'64;  released  at  Vicksburg. 

Apr.  22,  '65;  disch.  July  17,   '65. 
MacReady,  Stephen,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7, '61;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  8,  '62. 
Maddison,  Jas.  D.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  37;  disch.  disa.  May  28,  '62  at  Washington,  D.C. 
Madison,  Jas.  B.,  priv.,  (E),  disch.  disa.  May  28,  '62;  N.F.R. 
Mahan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  7,  '61 ;  33;  disch.  Aug.  7,  '64  expir.  term. 
Maher,  Thomas,  priv.,  (F),  May  14,  '64;  21;  sub.  G.  F.  Crosby;  M.O.  June  30,  '65.  corp. 
Mahoney,  Andrew,  capt.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  35;  w'n'd.  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Aug. 

12,  '63;  capt.  V.R.C.  Aug.  12,  '63. 
Mahnitz,  Adolph,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  7, '62;    21;  re-en.  Dec.  21, '63;    M.O.  June  30, '65  in  Co. 

B  as  abs.  w'n'd. 
Mahoney,  Daniel,  priv.,  (G),  June  3,  '64;  27;  sub.  Enos  Harmon,  abs.  pris.  Oct.  25,  '64. 
Maida,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  27;  died  Sept.  29,  '62,  Washington,  D.C. 
Maley,  John,  priv.,  (H),  July  31,  '63;  20;  sub.  N.  D.  Fox;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  has  been  pris. 
Mallard,  Asa  M.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  34;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Mallon,  John  E.,  priv.,  (G),  June  7,  '64;  19;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  15,  '64,  2nd  Batt.  V.R.C. 

(disch.  paper). 
Maloney,  Edward,  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  27,  '61 ;  18;  transf.  to  Co.  E,  Sept.  or  Oct.  '62;  disch.  July 

10,  '65  as  of  Co.  E. 
Maloney,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  deserted  Mar.  10,  '62. 
Maloney,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  21;  N.F.R. 
Maloney,  William,  priv.,  (C),  Jan.  16,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Mann,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  28,  '61 ;  21 ;  never  joined  for  service. 
Manning,  Edward  P.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  28,  '61;  27;  deserted  Nov.  1,  '61. 
Manning,  Elbridge  G.,  Corp.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  18;  prom,  to  Ulman's  Brig.  Feb.  28,  '63. 
Manning,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  21 ;  w 'n 'd  June  30,  '62,  July  3,  '63 ;  M.O.  Aug.  2K,  '64 . 
Manning,  Peter,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  27,  '61;  40;  w'n  d  June  30,  '62;  disch.  Jan.  '63. 
Manning,  Thos.  P.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  13, '61;  21;  killed  inaction,  Nov.,  27 '63,  Robinson 's  Cross 

Roads. 
Mansfield,  Charles,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  26,  '61;  20;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Mansfield,  George,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  28,  '61;  20;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Mansfield,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Mar.  19,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,    05. 
Mansfield,  Joseph,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  35;  M.O.  July  20,  '64;  see  E,  1  Butt.  H.A. 
Mansur,  Elijah  H„  priv.,  (H),  July  25,  '61 ;  22;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;   disch.  June  20.  '65;  pris. 

June  22,  '04,  to  Mar.  1,  '65. 
Marden,  Eldridge,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  20,  '61;  19;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Marie,  Charles,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  17,  '61 ;  26;  transf.  to  Co.  G;  M.O.  June  30,  '05. 
Marsh,  Martin,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  23,  '65;  42;  died  July  23,  '65,  Fort  Monroe.  Va. 
Marshall,  John,  sergt.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '01  ;  23;  deserted  a  priv.  June  30,  '02. 
Marshall,  Joseph,  Corp.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '01;  21;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '02;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  1,  '63. 
Marshall,  Hobt.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19, '61 ;  20;  w'n'd  Sept.  17/62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Dec.  14/63. 


398  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Marshall,  William,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21;  sub.  Reuben  F.  Hardy;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '63 

at  Morrisville. 
Marsterson,  Mike,  priv.,  ( — ),  July  31, '61;  20;  not  M.O.  in  19th;  see  Co.  H,  3rd  Cav. served 

in  H,  3rd  Cav. 
Marstin,  Chas.  E.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  July  5,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Marston,  Clinton  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Apr.  19,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  disch.  July  3, 

'65. 
Mason,  Jos.  M.,  priv.,  (G>,  Aug.  19,  '61;  31;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62 ;  arm  amputated  June  30,  '62; 

disch.  disa.  Aug.  20,  '62. 
Mason,  William,  priv.,  (H),  June  6,  '64;  35;  sub.  W  H.  Boyle;  deserted  Aug.  17,  '64  to  the 

enemy  at  Deep  Bottom. 
Masury,  Lawrence  M.,  mus.,  (B),  Aug.  26,  '61;  18;  disch.  June  12,  '62  by  order  at  Fair  Oaks; 

see  D.  3  Cav.  and  E  1  Batt.  Art. 
Martin,  Frederick,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  9,  '63. 
Martin,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  May  28,  '64;  23;  N.F.R. 
Martin,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  40;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  abs.  sick. 
Martin,  Henry  K.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  24/63 

at  Fredericksburg,  Md. 
Martin,  Lawrence,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  '61;  18;  N.M.;  never  joined;  not  on  pay  roll. 
Martin,  Matthew  J.  C,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  15,  '61. 
Martion,  Francois,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  18,  '65;  25;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Massard,  August,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  8,  '65;  29;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Mathison,  Henry,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  4,  '63 ;  33 ;  sub.  B.  M.  Sampson ;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, 

'64. 
Matt,  Frank,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  17,  '62;  40;  re-en.  Dec.  29,  '63;  M.O.  June  30, '65;  transf.  from 

1st  Co.  S.S. 
Matthews,  Chas.,  1st,  priv.,  (F),  July  31,  '63 ;  35 ;  sub. ;  deserted  Sept.  14,  '63  at  Morrisville  Va. 
Matthews,  Chas.,  2nd,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  3,  '63;  21 ;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Matthews,lWilliam,  priv.,  (G),  July  29,  '63 ;  25 ;  sub. ;  deserted  Dec.  13,  '63  at  Rappahannock. 
Mathewson,  Jas.  S.,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61 ;  29;  died  June  11,  '63  in  camp  Alexandria,  Va. 
Mattenhue,  Adolphus,  priv.,  (A),  May  19,  '64;  28;  abs.  sick  on  M.O.  of  Co. 
Maxfield,  Daniel,  priv.,  (G),  Mar.  28,  '64;  28;  died  June  23,  '64,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Mayer,  Chas.  W.,  priv.,  (F),  July  31,  '63;  42;  sub.;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '63  at  Morrisville. 
Maynard,  Walter  B.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  19,  '63;  see  Co.  F,  59th. 
McAllen,  Robert,  priv.,  (E),  May  13,  '64;  22;  sub.  S.  A.  Perkins;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22, '64. 
McAlmans,  Henri,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  27,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McAlpine,  Francis,  priv.,  (G),  Apr.  15,  '64;  21;  killed  June  3,  '64. 
McAnally,  John,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  24,  '64;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McAnarey,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  7,  '61;  25;  N.F.R. 
McCabe,  Joseph,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  20,  '64;  19;  N.F.R. 
McCaffery,  Joseph,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McCammon,  John,  mus.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  39;  re-en.  Jan.  4,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McCann,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  9,  '61;  36;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  May  4,  '63. 
McCarley,  Peter,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  7, '65;  19;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 
McCarron,  Robert,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  28,  '64;  39;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McCarthy,  Chas.  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  1,  '61;  27;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Nov.  13, '63;  disch.  from  Co. 

C.  6th  regt.  V.R.C,  Aug.  31,  '64. 
McCarthy,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  30;  died  July  30,  '62,  Point  Lookout,  Md. 
McCarty,  Dennis,  priv.,  (H),  Mar.  28,  '64;  38;  deserted  May  3,  '64. 
McCarthy,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  15,  '61;  19;  N.F.R. 

McCarty,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21/63;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
McCarty,  Cornelius,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  26,  '64;  39;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  15,  '64. 
McCarty,  Florence,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  3,  '63;  30;  sub..;  transf.  to  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
McCarty,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  26;  w'n'd.  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  1,  '63 
McCaul,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  1,  '63;  23;  sub.  A.  H.  Lawrence;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan!  14/64 
McCollum,  James,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  19 ;  w  'n  d  Dec.  13,  '62 ;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Jan.  22,'  '64 

and  disch.  from  D,  6th  V.R.C.  Sept.  14/64. 


ROSTER.  ■    399 

McCrillon,  John,  priv.,  (Kj,  Aug.  13,  '61;  18;  N.F.R. 

McCormick,  John,  priv.,  (A),  Jan.  21,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

McCracken,  William,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  5,  '63;  in  Co.  I. 

Mcbracken,  William,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  Aug.  29,  '64; 

transf.  to  V.R.C.  Dec.  14,  '63;  M.O.  as  priv.  Aug.  29,  '64  as  of  48  Co.  2nd  Batt.  V.  R.C. 

to  which  transf.  Oct.  '63. 
McCrillis,  Lewis,  priv.,  (G),  transf.  to  Co.  I  20  M.V 

McCue,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  4,  '63;  22;  sub.  N.  Barrett ;  deserted  Aug.  24,  '63  at  Morrisville. 
McCue,  Michael,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  34;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  24,  '63. 
McCullock,  Charles,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  18,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

McCulhn  ,  Thos.  J.,  priv.,  (I),  May  31, '64;  29;  sub.  M.  R.  Culver;  abs.  pris. since  June  22, '64. 
McDavitt,  Charles,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  22 ;  taken  in  Boston  Aug.  28,  by  Habeas  Corpus 

lost  arm,  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va.;  disch.  disa.  May  28,  '63. 
McDermid,  Jos.  F.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  26,  '61;  29;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  14,  '61. 
McDermott,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  28,  '64;  35;  sub.;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McDermott,  Joseph,  priv.,  Dec.  31,  '63;  18;  rejected,  Jan.  4,  '64. 
McDermott,  Michael,  priv.,  (H),  July  28,  '63;  22;  sub.;  deserted  Nov.  18,  '63;  from  Hosp.  at 

Alexandria. 
McDonald,  Angus,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  7,  '64;  30;  deserted  Mar.  1,  '65. 

McDonald,  Charles,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  21,  '64;  21;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  abs.  w'n'd  since  May  '64 
McDonald,  John,  1st,  priv.,  (F),  July  30, '63;  22;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, '64. 
McDonald,  John,  2nd,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  1,  '63;  20;  sub.;  transf.  to  Provost  Marshall  3  Div.  2nd 

Army  corps  as  deserter. 
McDonnell,  Benj.M.,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  29,  '64;  31;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  since  died. 
McDowell,  Samuel,  priv.,  (F),  June  10,  '64;  28;  sub.  Thos.  Dana;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McDowell,  Thos.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  30,  '62;  42;  disch.  Dec.  13,  '62. 
McDuncon,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
McDougal,  Wm.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  23, '64;  21;  N.F.R. 
McFeely,  Wm.,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  27,  '61 ;  43 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  6,  '63. 
McFarland,  Andrew,  wagoner,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  23;  has  been  deserter;  M.O.  June  30,  '65 

with  Co.  as  Corp. 
McGee,  Michael,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  27;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  24,  '62. 
McGee,  Sanford,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  4,  '65;  33;  N.F.R. 

McGeough,  Patrick,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  24,  '64;  24;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  26,  '64. 
McGiloray,  Donald,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  18,  '65;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McGinnis,  Wm.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  6, '65;  21;  M.O.June  30,'65. 
McGinnis,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  6,  '61;  22;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62  and  July  3,  '63;  re-en. 

Dec.  21,  '63;  disch.  May  15,  '65,  O.W.D.  as  1st.  Lieut. 
McGivern,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E)\  July  25,  '61 ;  19 ;  died  Nov.  29,  '64,  Annapolis,  Md. ;  Surg.  Gen 

Mass.;  M.O.  as  Corp. 
McGuckin,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21;  sub.  Henry  T.  Boles;  N.F.R. 
McGuire,  Edward,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,   '61;   34;   killed  in  action  June  30, '62;  White  Oak 

Swamp,    Va. 
Mclntire,  Chas.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  4,  '02;  disa.  Hernia;  nee  Co.  C, 

17th  regt.;  see  also  Chas.  H.  Spaulding,  navy  folio,  611-551. 
Mclntire,  George  F..  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  — ,'61;  19;  N.M.;  never  joined  for  service;  not  on  pay 

roll;  N.F.R. 
Mcintosh,  James,  sergt.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  30;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  4,  '63  as  priv. 
McKane,  John,  priv.,  (C),  May  23,  '64;    21;   abs.  pris.  c:ipfd  June  22,  '61.  Jerusalem  Plank 

Road ;  not  heard  from  since. 
McKce,  Robert,  priv.,  (K),  July  25,  '61 ;  28;  deserted  Aug.  24,  '61. 
McKay,  James,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  28,  T>1  ;  24;  disch.  disa.  Dee.  15,  '61. 
MeKenna,  Edward,  priv.,  (H),  June  13,  '04;  21 ;  sub.  G.  W.  Stearns;  captured  Keams  Station 

Aug.  25, '64;  reported  at Aug.  9,  '01;  furloughed  Oct.  31,  '01;  deserted  Nov.  14,  '64. 

McKeima,  Francis,  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  27,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  T.3;  w'n'd  June  25,  '02,  May 

6,  '64;  deserted  July  19,  '64,  Cuyler  Gen.  Hospital,  Germantown,  Pa. 


400  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

McKenna,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  25,  '64;  39;  sub.  W.  B.  Herrick;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
McKenna,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62,  June  30,  '62;  disch. 

disa.  Dec.  13,  '62. 
McKenzie,  John,  sergt.,  (H),  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  33;  w'n'd  June  30,  62,  Co.  I ;  deserted  Aug.  18,'62. 
McKeon,  William,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  11,  '63. 
McKinney,  George,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61;  18;  M.O.  in  Co.  I. 
McKinstrey,  Levi  C,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  26;  disch.  to  date  Aug.  3,  '62. 
McLane,  John,  priv.,  (I),  June  10,  '64;  28;  sub.  W.  A.  Smith;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
McLaughlin,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  24,  '64;  29;  w'n'd  in  action  June  30,  '62;  N.F  R 
McLaughlin,  Thomas,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  14,  '65;  28;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  prior  service  (as  Thos. 

Logan  in  Co.  B,  56th  Regt.). 
McMahon,  James,  priv.,  (F),  May  13,  '64;  31;  drafted;  died  Dec.  1,  '64  at  Florence,  S.C. 
McMahon,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61;  33;  killed  June  25,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
.McMann,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  33;  deserted  Sept.  1,  '61. 
McManus,  John,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch.  June  12,   '65;  pris. 

June  22,  '64  to  Feb.  26,  '65. 
McMann,  John  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  18;  transf.  to  Pro.  Mar.  3rd  Div.  2nd  Corps,  Sept. 

8,  '63,  as  deserter  McManus. 
McManus,  John,  1st,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  3,  '63;  20;  sub.;  deserted  Oct.  17,  '63. 
McManus,  John,  2nd,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  3,  '63;  21 ;  drafted  Oct.  17,  '63  at  Brandy  Sta.  as  of  Coi  F. 
McMenanan,  Dennis,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  20,  '61;  40;  N.F.R. 
McMillan,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  26,  '64;  18;  N.F.R. 
McMillary,  Thomas,  priv.,  (H),  May  28,  '64;  18;  abs.  sick  since  July  '64. 
McMinamon,  Dennis,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  40;  disch.  Dec.  11,  '61,  disa. 
McMorrow,  James,  priv.,  (G),  July  29,  '61;  45;  deserted  Apr.  12,  '62;  returned;  disch.  Aug 

13,  62  disa. 
McMorrow,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  21,  '61;  22;  killed  in  action,  June  23,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
McMorrow,  Stephen,  mus.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
McNalley,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.,  Feb.  7,  '63. 
McNamara,  Michael  A.,  1st  sergt.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  19;  letter  A.G.O.  war  dept.,  dated  Nov. 
6,  '62  from  Thos.  Vincent,  asst.  adjt.  Gen.  U.S.A.,  to  the  Gov.  of  Mass.  that  2nd  Lieut. 
Michael  McNamara  19th  regt.  resigned  to  take  effect  Oct.  25,  '62;  enlisted  again  Co.  C. 
28th,  Jan.  25,  '64;  killed  in  action  at  Po  River,  Va.,  May  10,  '64. 
McNeal,  Daniel  F.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  13,  '61;  39;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  1,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65  in  Co.  G. 
McNulty,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  27,  '63;  44;  rejected  Jan.  6,  '64. 
McNulty,  Peter,  1st  lieut.,  (G),  Ju!y  26,'61;  20;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 
McParland,  Hugh,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  25,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch. 

May  3,   '65. 
McTague,  Dominick,  priv.,  (H),  July  30,  '63;  18;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Meagher,  Richard,  priv.,  (C),  May  13, '64;  44;  drafted ;  disch.  July  13, '65;  pris.  captured  J.  P. 

Road,  June  26,  '64;  paroled,  Apr.  28,  '65. 
Melden,  Wm.  R.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  20 ;  lost  left  arm  June  25,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  2062 
Mengin,  August,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '64;  20;  deserted  June  11,  '65,  near  Munson's  Hill,  Va. 
Menzel,  Gustave,  priv.,  ( — ),  Apr.  7,  '65;  25;  disch.  May  6,  '65;  unassigned. 
Merrill,  Chas.  L.,  Corp.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  22;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Aug.  30,  '63;   w'n'd    Dec.  13, 

'62;  M.O.  as  2nd  Lieut.  June  30,  '65,  Co.  B,  13  regt.  V.R.C. 
Merrill,  Chas.  W.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  9,  '62;  24;  died  of  w'n'ds  May  13,  '63,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Merrill,  DeWitt,  C.  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  14,  '62;  20;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  26,  '62;  see  Co.  A,  4th  Cav.; 

transf.  to  Navy. 
Merritt,  Chas.  M.,  1st  segt.  (A),  Aug.  3,  '61;  28;  hon.  disch.  June  19,  '64  to  accept  appoint- 
ment as  asst.  Q.  M.,  U.S.  Vols,  with  rank  of  capt. 
Merritt,  Conwell,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  20 ;  killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg  Va. 
Merrow,  Mark  M.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  40;  dishc.  disa.  May  28,  '62. 
Michell,  John,  priv.,  (I),  June  2,  '64;  21 ;  sub.  J.  K.  Pettingill,  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64. 
Mihan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20, '61;  18;  pris.  June  22,  '64  to  May  17, '65;  disch.  June  5,  '65. 
Millen,  David,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  26,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 


ROSTER.  401 

Miller,  Henry,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  20;  sub.  Davis  J.  Abel;  N.F.R. 

Miller,  Isaac  W.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  28;  deserted  as  Isaac  N.,  July  21,  '62;  correct  name 

Isaac  N.  Miller. 
Miller,  Charles,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  26,  '64;  26;  N.F.R. 
Miller,  Jacob,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  4,  '62;  21;  N.F.R.;  war  dept.  report  says  "deserted  Jan.  14, 

'63  in  Co.  E." 
Miller,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  1,   '63;  23;  sub.  Martin  K.  Pasco;  deserted  Aug.  16,   '63  at 

Morrisville.  Va. 
Miles,  William,  priv.,  (A),  Nov.  3,  '64;  29;  disch.  June  24,  '65. 

Milliken,  Charles,  priv.,  (B), May  19,  '64;  35;sub.;abs.pris.  June 22,  '64;  notheard  from  since. 
Milliken,  Robert,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  15,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '62;  see  V.R.C. 
Minton,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  28,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  16,  '62  at  Falmouth,  Va. 
Millett,  Charles,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  25,  '64;  31;  N.F.R. 
Minch,  Peter  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  deserted  Mar.  10,  '61. 

Mitchell,  Geo.  E.,  priv.  ,(G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  19;  disch.  disa!  Oct.  18,j'62  at  Boston,  by  Col.  Day. 
Mitchell,  John,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  25;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Mitchell,  Thos.  A.  S.,  corp.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62,  Dec.    13,  '62;  disch. 

Aug.  28,  '64  as  priv. 
Mitchell,  William,  (— ),  priv.,  Dec.  2,  '62;  23;  N.F.R. 

Mohr,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Monant,  Antoine,  priv.,  (F),  June  6,  '64;  21 ;  sub.  A.  O.  Corbin;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Monehan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61 ;  23;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62  at  Glendale  in  Co.  I 
Montobang,  Reynolds,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  17,  '64;  35;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Moody,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  15,  '62. 
Mooney,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Sept.  1,  '62;  18;  N.F.R. 
Mooney,  John,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  12,  '61;  19;  M.O.  Dec.  30,  '64. 
Mooney,  Thomas,  priv.,  (B),  July  .26,  ,'61;  33;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9,  '61. 
Moore,  Chas.  H.,  corp.,  (F),  Aug.  12,  '61;  20;  dropped  from  roll  Oct.  13,  '62  as  Sergt.  at 

Bolivar,  Va. 
Moore,  Edward,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  25;  sub.  John  Bronson;M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris 

capt'd  June  22,  '64,  J.  P.  Road;  not  heard'from  since. 
Moore,  Henry,  priv.,  (C),  Jan.  17,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Moore,  James  B.,  sergt.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  20;  1st  Lieut.  Ulman's  Brig.,  Mar.  27,  '63. 
Moore,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  24,  '62;  24;  N.F.R. 
Moran,  Daniel,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  1,  '63;  22;  sub.  David  M.  Cushing. 
Moran,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  24;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  21,  '62. 
Moran,  John,  priy.,  (F),  Aug.  27,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  Oct.  25,  '62  to  enlist  in  U.S.A.  4th  Batt. 
Morgan,  Benj.  E.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  June  9,  '62. 
Morgan,  Francis,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  13,  '64 ;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '  65. 
Morgan,  George,  priv.,  (D),  May  26,  '64;  22;  sub.  C.  A.  Hemminway;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '62] 

to  Mar.  15,  '65;  disch.  July  18,  '65. 
Morgan,  Geo.  P.  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  25,  '64;  18;  rejected  Jan.  26,  '64. 
Morgan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (C),  June  5,   '65;  26;  deserted  Mar.  28,   '65  from  Picket  Post  near 

Hecker's  Run,  Va. 
Morin,  Alexander,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  5,  '61;  21;  killed  in  action,  June  30,  '62,  Glendale,  Va. 
Morrill,  Edward  W     priv.,  (C),  Aug.  20,  '61;  33;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,   '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  20_ 

'63,  at  Boston,  by  Col.  Day. 
Morrill,  Estwick  E.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  7,  '61;  27;  see  Co.  D,  17th  Mass.;  N.R. 
Morrill,  Henry  S.,  Corp.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  IS;  dropped  Oct.  13,    112;  supposed  dead. 
Morrison,  John  F.,  priv.,  (A),  Feb.  23,  '65;  38;  deserted  June  11, '65. 
Morrison,  Jos.  W„  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  9,  '62;  37;  died  of  w  nds  Dec.  17.  '62,  Falmouth,  Va. 
Morrison,  Nahum,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  39;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  14,  '64. 
Morrisey,  Edward,  priv..  (B),  Aug.  2S,   '61;  N.F.R. 

Morse,  Colonias.  priv.,  (C),  July  31,  '61;  25;  rc-cn.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Morse,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (H).  Nov.  26,  '61 ;  31;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  IP,  '62  and  died  before  leaving 

hosp.  Nov.  27,   '62;  5th  St.  Hosp.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Morse,  Daron  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Nov   29,  '62- 


402  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Morse,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  died  Aug.  21,  '64  in  rebel 

prison  (sergt.  Gen.  report.) 
Morse,  Jas.  E.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  22;  re-en.  Dec.  21, '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Morse,  Thos.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Mortimer,  Charles,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  4,  '63;  22;  sub.  I.  H.  Dunham;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, 

'64. 
Mortimer,  Lewis,  priv.,  (D),  May  27,  '64;  23;  sub.;  disch.  Sept.  23,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Morton,  Philip,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21 ;  sub.  Oliver  Kelley ;  transf .  to  20  M.V.  June  20,  '64. 
Moses,  John,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  14,  '62;  34;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Mott,  Frank,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  11,  '62;  40;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  transf.  from  1st  S.S. 
Mudge,  Tyler,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '61;  34;  died  Sept.  9,  '62  of  disease,  Newport,  Va. 
Mudgett,  Isaac  N.,  priv.,  (F),  Sept.  2,  '61;  23;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  pris.  Aug.  28,  '64; 

resigned  May  17,  '65 ;  first  time  present  for  duty  on  19th  regt.  on  report  for  Apr.  '65. 
Mullaly,  Edward,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '63 ;  20 ;  sub.  Aaron  Swift ;  transf.  to  V.R.C.,  Sept.  3,  '63 ; 

disch.  from  Co.  C,  18  V.R.C.  July  26,  '65. 
Mulligan,  George,  priv.,  (— ),  July  24,  '63;  21;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Mulligan,  Michael,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  1,  '63;  25;  sub.  A.  M.  Stephens;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan;  14, 

'64. 
Mumford,  Dudley  O,  2nd  lieut.,  (G),  July  25,  '65;  19;  killed  in  action  May  31,  '64. 
Munroe,  Lewis,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  21,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  15,  '61;  see  H,  33  regt. 
Munroe,  Napoleon  B.,  priv.;  (— ),  Aug.  28,  '61;  25;  N.F.R. 
Mure,  Armidie,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  15,  '64;  29;  disch.  June  11,  '65. 
Murphy,  Andrew,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61;  21;  dropped  from  rolls  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Murphy,  Edward,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  22;  N.F.R. 
Murphy,  Daniel,  priv.,  (D);  N.F.R. 
Murphy,  Daniel,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  18;  re-signed  June  1,  '65,  as  2nd  Lieut.;  re-en.  Dec. 

21,  '63. 
Murphy,  Edward,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  32;  w'n'd  June  30, '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  18, '62. 
Murphy,  Edward  J.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61. 
Murphy,  John  S.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  28,  '61;  19;  disch.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Murphy,  Humphrey,  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;25;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  12,  '63. 
Murphy,  Jos.  S.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '63;  19 ;  M.O.  as  "invalid  nurse"  Aug.  28,  '64  at  Wash.,  D.C. 
Murphy,  Joseph,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31, '63;  21;  sub.  Frank  E.  Cram;  N.F.R. 
Murphy,  Luke,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  12,  '61;  18;  killed  in  action,  June  25,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Murphy,  Michael,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  33;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  23,  '62 
Murphy,  Michael,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  27;  drafted;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  27,  '63;  in  Co.  H. 
Murphy,  Patrick,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  May  31,  '62;  again  enlisted  Feb. 

19,  '64  in  Co.  K,  and  died  of  w'nds,  in  U.S.  G.  Hosp.,  May  18,  '64. 
Murphy,  Patrick,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.26,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  May  3,  '62. 

Murphy,  Thomas,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  wounded  and  missing  June  30,'62;  N.F.R. 

Murray,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  24;  deserted  Oct.  20,  '61. 

Murray,  John,  priv.,  (H),  May  13,  '64;  26;  sub.  Chas.  Williams;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64;  not 

heard  from  since. 
Murray,  Thomas,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  25,  '64;  20;  died  Aug.  8,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Murray,  Thomas,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  15,  61;  18;  N.F.R. 
Murry,  Michael,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13, '61;  18;  dropped  Oct.  13/62;  under  G.  O.,  162,  A.  of  P. 

Oct.  7,   '62. 
Murtaugh,  Owen,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  24,  '65;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Murwahne,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Mar.  2,  '64 ;  27 ;  w 'n  'd  May  7 ;  borne  also  as  "Menonhue,"  "Mur. 

nakin,"  and  "Munahan,"  and  M.O.  as  "Monahan,"  June  30,  '65. 
Myett,  Joseph,  priv.,  (I),  May  30,  '64;  21 ;  sub.  Robert  Latham;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64. 

Nason,  John  P.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  3,  '61;  26;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 

Neally,  Richard,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  transf .  to  V.R.C.  Mar  7  64 

Neff,  John,  priv.,  (—),  July  30,  '61;  26;  sub.;  N.F.R. 

Negrier,  Prosper,  priv.,  (K),  Sept. -'61;  35;  deserted  May  1,  '62,  at  Yorktown. 

Neilson,  Bartholomew,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  39;  disch^disa.  Apr.  19,  '62  in  Co.  E. 


ROSTER.  403 

Neitman,  August,  mus.,  (F),  May  30,  '64;  20;  sub.  R.  P   Dean;  abs.  pris.;  died  Sept.  24, '64, 

Andersonville,  Ga. 
Nelson,  David,  priv.,  (D),  Mar.  8,  '64;  24;  deserted  June  22,  '64  to  enemy. 
Nelson,  Leroy  A.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  20  ;killed  in  action  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg, Va. 
Neville,  Bartholomew,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  30,  '62  in  Co.  D. 
Newcomb,  David,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  26,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,   '64;  see  also  as  David  New- 
comb,  Co.  A,  10  Mass. 
Newcomb,  Edgar  M.,  Corp.,  (F),  Aug.  26,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va.; 

died  of  w'nds  Dec.  20,  '62. 
Newcomb,  Jos.  F.  B.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  21 ;  see  Jos.  Newcomb,  B,  8,  3  mos;  M.O.  Aug. 

28,   '64. 
Newcomb,  Jos.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  6,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Newer,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  4, '63;  21;  sub.  8.  B.  Wiley;  transf.  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, '64. 
Newman,  Stephen  I.,  mus.,  N.C.S.,  Aug.  3,  '61;  25;  disch.  Oct.  30,  '62;  enlisted  as  leader  of 

band,  Wellman's  Brig.,  Apr.  7,  '63;  disch.  for  prom.  Apr.  24,  '64;  2nd  Lieut.  Co.  B,  81 , 

U.S.A.,  to  Apr.  25,  '64;  1st  Lieut.  Jan.  20,  '65;  M.O.  Nov.  30,  '66. 
Newhall,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Newhall,  Chas.  B.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  8,  '62 ;  22 ;  w 'n 'd  July  3,  '63;  disch.  expir.  term  Oct.  2,  '64- 
Newhall,  Jos.  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  26, '62  at  Boston,  by  Col.  Day. 
Newhall,  Theron  P.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  24;  died  July  12,  '62,  Gen.  Hosp.,  Portsmouth, 

Va.,  as  Newhall. 
Nichols,  Benj.  R.,  priv.,  (G),  June  17,  '64;  24;  sub.  D.  S.  Stoddard ;  died  of  w'nds  Aug.  14,  '64. 
Nichols,  E.  Augustus,  mus.,  (C),  Aug.  10,  '61;  16;  w'n'd  May  10,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63; 

M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Nichols,  Edwin  O.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,  '61;  25;  deserted  July  21,  '62. 

Nichols,  Gilman  F.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61 ;  18;  killed  in  action  Dee.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg. 
Nichols,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Mar.  11,  '64;  26;  w'n'd  May  7,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  see  H,  4th 

regt.,  9  mos. 
Nichols,  Nathaniel,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  31 ;  never  joined  for  duty;  see  Co.  D,  30th,  9  mos. 
Nickerson,  Jas.  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21 ;  sub.;  disch.  June  16,  '65,  as  mus. 
Nickerson,  Lorenzo  P.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  28;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  abs.  w'n'd;  M.O. 

Aug.  28,   '64;  as  abs.  w'n'd. 
Nickerson,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  13,  '61;  35;  N.F.R. 

Nickol,  Daniel,  priv.,  (F),  Apr.  14,  '64;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  disch.  July  20,  '65 
Noble,  Caleb  O.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9,  '61;  24;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62;  see  Navy. 
Nolan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  17,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  20,  '63;  died  of 

w'nds  June  22,  '64,  Annapolis,  from  wounds  received  in  action. 
Norie,  Alexander,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  transf.  to  Maj.  Mix.  Cav.  Oct.  5,  '61. 
Norman,  Frank,  priv.,  (I),  Mar.  31,  '64;  28;  w'n'd  May  6,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  has  been 

pris.  since  June  22,   '64;  returned  to  regt. 
Northend,  William,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  18;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  26,  '63;  Co.  H.;  disch- 

to  date  July  31,  '65;  Co.  C,  16  V.R.C. 
Northrop,  Frederick,  priv.,  (G),  May  25,  '64;  19;  sub.  G.  F.  Hudson;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Norton,  James,  sergt.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  24;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  29,  '02  as  private. 
Norton,  Andrew,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  June  25,  '(12;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  31,  '62. 
Norton,  James,  priv.,  (H),  July  31,  '63;  39;  sub.;  deserted  Aug.  16,  '63  at  Morrisville,  Va. 
Norwood,  James  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  transf.  to  V.  R.  ('.,  Dec.  '63; 

M.O.  Sept.  15, '64;  re-en.  at  Philadelphia,  Feb.  18, '65;  M.O.  Nov.  14, '65;  >oe  Fist   Inf. 
Nowell,  Frank,  O.  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61 ;  23;  deserted  Jan.  22,   '62. 

Nowes,  Chas.  L.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  2S,  '64  as  corp. 
Noyes,  Edward,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '61;  40;  killed  in  action  in  Co.  A.,  Fredericksburg,  Va., 

Dec.  13,   '62. 
Noyes,  Stephen,  priv.,(A),  Jan. 25,  '62;  21 ;  w  n  .1  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.C.R.  Sept.  12,  '63,19 

Co.,  2nd  Batt.;  disch.  Feb.  20,  '65. 
Nulty,  Peter,  corp.,  (G),  July  25,   '61 ;  20;  w  n  d   May  12,    04;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  as 

sergt.  June  30,   '65. 


404       THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

Oakley,  George,  band,  (D),  Sept.  3,  '61;  21;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 

Ober,  Wm.  L.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  27,  '64;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

O'Brien,  Dennis,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  16,   '61;  19;  N.F.R. 

O'Brien,  James,  priv.,  (H),  June  19,  '65;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

O'Brien,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  22,  '64;  26;  N.R. 

O'Brien,  John,  priv.,( — ),  June  15,  '64;  24;  1st' Lieut  .'June  1,  '65;  sub.  Francis  Frales;M.O 

as  sergt.  Maj.  June  30,  '65. 
O'Brien,  Michael,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  21,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  pris.  June  22,  '64,  to  Apr. 

28,  '65;disch.  May  23,  '65. 
O'Brien,  Patrick,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
O  'Connell,  James,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  21 ;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp 

Va. 
O 'Connell,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  24,  '61;  28;  N.F.R. 
O  'Connell,  Timothy,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  10,  '61 ;  21 ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  killed  in  action  June  19, 

'64,  Co.  B,  Blandford,  Va., 
O'Connor,  Dennis  P.,  priv.,  (G),. July  31,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;disch.  disa.  Aug.  6,  '62, 
O'Connor,  Edward1,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  19,  '62;  31;  deserted  and  sent  to  P.  M.  Washington,  Jan. 

14,  '63. 
O'Connor,  Robert,  priv.,  ( — ),  Jan.  16.  '65;  disch.  May  6,  '65;  unassigned. 
O'Connor,  Thomas,  priv.,   ( — ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  22;  sub.  Barnabas  Sears. 
O'Donnell,  Patrick,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61;  19;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  with  detachment,  Co.  I. 
O'Leary,  Michael,  priv.,(F),  Aug.  26,  '61;  26;  pris.  June  22,  '64,  to  Feb.  21,  '65;  M.O.  June 

30,   '65. 
Oliver,  Benj.  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  28;  N.F.R. 
Olson,  Gustaf,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  23,  '64;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  23,  '62. 
Oliver,  Exhor,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  28,  '62;24;w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;M. O.June 

30,  '65. 
O'Malley  Thomas,  priv.,  (F),  Dec.  29,  '61;  36;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

O  'Neil,  Charles,  priv., (F) , Aug.  19,  '61 ; 24 ;  w 'n 'd  June  30,  '62 ; disch.  disa. as  corp.  Aug.  1 1,  '62. 
O'Neil,  Michael,  corp.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;24;w'n'd  June30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  as  priv.,  Dec.  31, 

'62. 
O'Neil,  Patrick,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  22;  deserted  Dec.  29,  '63. 
O'Neil,  Patrick,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  21;  N.F.R. 

O'Neil,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  14,  '63  at  Gen.  Hosp.,  N.Y. 
O'Rourke,  Charles,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  3,  '63;  20;  sub.;  deserted  Oct.  21,  '63  near  Bristoe. 
O'Rourke,  Peter,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62,  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa. 

Dec.  29,  '62. 
O'Rourke,  Peter,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '61;  24;  recruit. 

Orr,  Henry,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  2,  '62;  39;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  May  25,  '63. 
Osborne,  Eben  B.,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  26,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Osborne,  Ezekiel,  corp.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  26;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  29,  '61. 

Osborne,  Francis,  sergt.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  23 ;  disch.  May  26,  '65  as  1st  sergt. ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63. 
Osborne,  Hugh,  M.  corp.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  May  7,  '63;  w'n'd  July  24,  '66; 

see  also  V.R.C. 
Osborne,  William,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  10,  '61;  34;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  8,  '63. 
Osborne,  William,  priv.,  (A),  May  21,  '64;  19;  died  Aug.  7,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Osrak,  James,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  8,  '62  at  Boston,  by  Col.  Day. 
O'Sullivan,  Humphrey,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  28,  '61;  20;  deserted  Apr.  11,  '64. 
Otis,  Geo.  B.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  18;  pris.  June  22,  '64,  to  Jan.  15,  '65;disch.  Jan.  15,  '65. 
Owens,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 

Page,  George,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  22,  '64;  31;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Palmer,  Charles,  priv.,   (— ),  Jan.  4,   '65;  21;  N.F.R. 

Palmer,  Chas.  S.,  corp.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  19;  M.O.  as  1st  Lieut.,  Oct.  9,  '64. 
Palmer,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  band,  Aug.  20,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  died  Feb.  26,  '63,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 


ROSTER.  405 

Palmer,  Henry  E.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  12,  '62;  24;  w'n'd  Dee.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  27,  '63. 
Palmer,  Peter  P.,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  25,  '61;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Palmer,  Wm.  L.,  2nd  lieut.  (I),  Aug.  3,  '61;  22;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62,  July  3,  '63,  June  3,  '64. 
Parent,  Lewis,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  23;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64  tojDec.  16,  '64;  disch.  July 

22,  '65. 
Paris,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  13,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;'disch.  disa.  Dec.  11,  '62. 
Paris,  Octave,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  27,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Parker,  Edward,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  June  10,  '62. 
Parker,  Erastus  G.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Parker,  Gilman  N.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  44;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  24,  '62. 
Parkhurst,  James,  priv.,  (I),  July  31,  '63;  22;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64;  sub. 
Parks,  Virginius,  priv.,  (I),  July  20,  '61 ;  22;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  12,  '63;  disch.  paper. 
Parshley,  Sylvester,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  18;  disch.  as  private  June  13,  '62;  enlisted  Co.  I, 

13th  V.R.C.  July  21,  '64;  M.O.  Nov.  17,  '65. 
Patch,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Patch,  Josiah,  Jr.,  priv.,  (I),  Apr.  30,  '64;  34;  disch.  disa.  July  6,  '65. 
Patmore,  Thomas,  priv.,  (I),  Apr.  21,  '64;  22;  abs.  sick  in  hosp.  June  30,  '65. 
Patrick,  Joseph,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  22,  '64;  21;  abs.  w'n'd  May  7,  '64. 
Paul,  Frank,  priv.,  (H),  Apr.  6,  '64;  34;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Paul,  Theodore,  priv.,  (.— ),  Dec.  31,  '64;  38;  N.F.R 
Payne,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  40;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Payson,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  36;  drafted;  abs.  pris.;  disch.  June  30,  '65. 
Pearson,  Chas.  L.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;18;w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  12,  '63. 
Pearson,  Jos.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  26;  died  of  w'n'ds  Sept.  18,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Pearson,  Otis,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  12,  '62;  31 ;  disch.  June  30,  '65. 

Pearson,  Daniel,  corp.,  (C),  July  30,  '61;  33;  abs.  from  Co.  sick  Aug.  28,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Peasley,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  19,  '62;  28;  N.R. 
Peck,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  June  17,  '62. 

Penniman,  Walter  S.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  17,  '61;  26;  killed  in  action,  Dec.  11,  '65,  Fredericks- 
burg, Va. 
Pent,  Peter,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  4,  '63;  39;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  regt. 
Perkins,  Charles,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  10,  '64;  25;  deserted  June  19,  '65  camp  near  Munson's  Hill 

Va. 
Perkins,  Hazen  K.,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  3,  '63;  18;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,    64. 
Perkins,  Theodore  B.,  sergt.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  as  priv.  disa. 

Mar.  7,   '63. 
Perry,  Henry  G.,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  11,  '64;  21;  w'n'd  May  24,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Perry,  Horace  D.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  20,  '63. 
Perry,  Isaac,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  24,  '61;  28;  disch.  Nov.  2,  '62  at  Boston  for  disa. 
Peters,  Heinrich,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  24,  '64;  30;  N.F.R. 
Pettee,  Albert,  priv.,  (F),  Feb.  10,  '62;  21;  disch.  disa.  July  21,  '62. 
Phelan,  John  E.,  priv.,  (I),  July  27,  '61 ;  20 ;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  12,  '63;  disch.  from  27  Co., 

2nd  Batt.,  V.R.C.  July  26,  '64. 
Phelps,  Elias  A.,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  21;  died  Oct.  5,  '61  in  camp,  Poolesville,  Md. 
Phillips,  Eugene  O,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  20;  disch.  expir.  term,  Aug.  28,  '61. 
Phillips,  Jas.  H.  H.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Apr. 

25,   '64;  M.O.  as  corp.  Sept.  3,   '64  as  of  Co.  E.  24th  V.H.C. 
Phillips,  John  D.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '01;  23;  disch.  disa.  May  Hi,  '63, 
Phillips,  Robert  W.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  19,   '65;  40;  M.O.  June  30,   '65. 
Philpott,  Hiram,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.,  23,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '05. 

Pierce,  Calvin  D.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  13,  '63  at  Alexandria,  Va. 
Pierce,  Charles,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  1,'63;  30;  sub.  J.  A.  Pierce;  transf,  to  20  M.V   Jan.  14, '64. 
Pierce,  Elliot  C,  2nd  lieut.  ( — ),  Oct.  22,  '61;  declined  Corns.,  "Roster,"  no  service. 
Pierce,  Lorenzo,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  27    '61;  18;  N.F.R. 

Pike,  James,  priv.,  (H),  June  6,  '61;  25;  sub.  E.  F.  Parks;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22, '64;  N.F.R. 
Pike,  John  F.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  24;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61. 
Pike,  Robert  P.,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  24,  '61 ;  40;  killed  in  action  Feb.  5,  '65. 


406  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Pillsbury,  Joseph,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  16,  '61;  21;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Pillsbury,  Richard  L.,  priv.,  (C),  Sept  10,  '61 ;  18;  re-en  Dec.  21,  '63;  abs.  w'n'd  disch.  June 

13,  '65. 

Place,  Samuel  H.,  priv.  (I),  Jan.  30,  '65;  22;  deserted  June  12,  '65;  disch.  to  date  June  12,  '65. 
Pluns,  August,  priv.,  (I),  July  24,   '63;  22;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  June  14,   '64;  deserted 

Oct.  17,   '63. 
Plympton,  Amos  G.,  priv.,  (K),  July  31,  '62;  21;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  re-en.  Feb.  16,  '64; 

abs.  w'n'd  since  May  13,  '64. 
Plympton,  Jonathan,  capt.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  33;  w'n'd  Oct.  14,  '63;  disch.  Dec.  12,  '63. 
Poole,  Eben  D.,  priv.,  (C),  May  14,  '64;  22;  drafted;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Apr.  13,  '65;  M.O. 

Nov.  20,   '65. 
Poole,  Leonard  H.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  11,  '62;  33;  disch.  Dec.  17,  '62  at  Falmouth,  Va.,  unas- 

signed. 
Poole,  Ludo  A.,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  9,  '61;  33;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 
Porteons,  Chas.  E„  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  23,  '61;  32;  deserted  Nov.  3,  '61. 
Porter,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (I),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.  John  Freeman,  Jr.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan, 

14,  '64. 

Porter,  James,  priv.,  (A),  July  26, '61;  36;  w'n'd  June  30, '62,  Dec.  13, '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar. 

12,  '63;  see  Co.  B.,  2  H.  A.  , 
Porter,  James,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  3,  '62;  26;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  26,  '63. 
Potter,  Benj.F.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25, '61; 31;  died  Jan.  1,'62  of  disease,  Hosp. Muddy  Branch, 

Md. 
Powell,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  10,  '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  12,  '63. 
Powers,  Edward,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  Co.  I;  died  Aug.  26,  '62, 

Phila.,  Pa. 
Powers,  Edward  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '62;  25;  re-en.  Dec.  '63;  transf.  to  Navy,  '64. 
Powers,  James,  priv.,  (F),  May  28,  '64;  40;  sub.;  pris.  from  June  24,  '64,  to  May  1,  '65;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Powers,  John,  1st  sergt.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  Sept.  11,  '62;  disch.  Mar.  17,  '63,asserg. 
Pratt,  Edwin  B.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  25;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  abs.  parolled  pris.  June  22 

'64  to  Dec.  11,  '64;  disch.  July  20,  '65. 
Pratt,  Gustavus  P.,  assist,  surg.,  (F.  &  G),  Dec.  7,  '63;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Preblejohn,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  19;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  5,  '63;  en- 
listed in  V.R.C. 
Prentiss,  Nathaniel,  sergt.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61 ;  34;  died  May  25,  '62,  Lewis  Farm,  Va. 
Preston,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  3,  '62;  18;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63,  May  6, '64;  disch.  Feb.  1^ 

'65;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63. 
Preston,  Patrick,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  18,   '64;  21;  N.F.R. 
Price,  Rufus,  priv.,  Dec.  (— ),  3,  '62;  24;  N.F.R. 
Prime,  John  B  ,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '61;  42;  disch.  disa.  May  22,  '62. 
Prime,  Samuel  S.,  2nd  lieut.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  32 ;  resigned  Jan.  21,  '63. 
Proctor,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  25 ;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62  at  White  Oak  Swamp, 

Va. 
Pru,  Herman,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  9,  '65;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Pulsifer,  Daniel,  priv.,  (— ),'Aug.  10,  '61;  37;  see  Co.  G,  17  Mass.  Vols. 
Purrington,  Henry  I.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9,  '61;  36;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 
Purrington,  John  A.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9, '61;  46;  disch.  Jan.  30,  '(,2;  also  see  Co.  I,  3rd  regt.  (9 

mos.) 
Putnam,  Hervey,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  26,  '61;  42;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Putnam,  Robert  W.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  22,  '61 ;  18;  died  of  w'nds  July  13,  '62,  Richmond,  Va. 

Quigley,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  31,  '63;  18;  see  rejected  recruits. 

Quinn,  James,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  8,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Quinn,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  11,  '64;  21;  N.F.R. 

Quinn,  Timothy,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  9,  '61;  18;  disch.  Oct.  24,  '62  to  enlist  in  U.S.A. 

Quinn,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Dec.  2,  '64;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Qiunlan,  Michael  W.,  priv.,  (F),  July  '63;  21;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Rabethgo,  Oscar,  priv.,  (A),  Nov.  3,  '64;  29;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  corp. 


ROSTER.  407 

Rammelshur,  Carl,  priv.,  (B),May  13,  '64;  26;  sub.  Emery  Cobb;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64; 

N.F.R. 
Randall,  Edward  A.,  Corp.,  (I),  Aug.  17,  '61;  28;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  priv. 
Randall,  Lot  J.,  priv.,  (K),  Nov.  7,  '62;  23;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  re-en.  Feb.  16,  '64;  abs 

sick  since  Apr.  17,  '64. 
Rappell,  Winfield,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  20 ;  killed  in  action,  Dec.  13,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Rasch,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  21,  '65;  31;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Raymond,  Alfred  A.,  Jr.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  20,  '61;  18;  missing  since  Dec.  13,  '62. 
Raymond.Geo.  F.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  '61;  18;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Read,  William,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  7,  '61;  20;  N.F.R. 

Reading,  Daniel  F.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61 ;  18;  missing  July  3,  '63;  N.F.R. 
Reagan,  Dennis,  sergt.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  27;  deserted  June  22,  '62. 

Redding,  Michael,  Corp.,  (D),  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  41 ;  killed  in  action  Dec.  11,  '62,  Fredericksburg, Va. 
Reddy,  Patrick,  priv.,  ( — ),Feb.  11,  '64;  42;  rejected  Feb.  3,  '64. 
Reese,  George,  priv.,  (C),  July  27,  '63;  21;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Reeves,  Charles,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  3,  '64;  33;  N.F.R. 
Regan,  Chas.  B.,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  11,  '64;  21;  N.F.R. 
Regan,  Cornelius,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  21,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Regan,  Dennis,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  28,  '61 ;  27 ;  deserted  June  22,  '62,  Co.  K. 
Reichardt,  Joseph,  priv.,  (F),  May  31,  '64;  40;  sub.;  abs.  pris.;  disch.  June  22,  '65;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Reimbach,  Louis,  master,  band,  Nov.  7,  '61;  28;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 
Reiner,  Joel  K.,  sergt.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  22;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  21,  '62. 
Remondo,  John  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  25,  '61;  20;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  24,  '62  at  Poolesville  by 

Major  Bates. 
Restell,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  41;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  19,  '62;  disch.  paper. 
Restell,  John,  Jr.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris. 

from  June  22,  '64,  to  May  27,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Reynolds,  John,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  26,  '64;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Reynolds,  John  P.,  Jr.,  2nd  lieut.  (D),  Aug.  3, '61;  22;  prior  service  in  Co.  I,  8th  Mass.3mos.; 
w'n'd  Sept.  17/62;  transf.  V.R.C.  Mar.  5, '64;  disch.  July  3, '66  to  date  June  30, '66;  as 
capt.  21  Regt.  V.R.C. 
Rice,!,Edmund ,  capt.,  (F),  July  25,  '61 ;  22 ;  w  'n  'd  Sept.  19,  '62,  July  3,  '63,  May  12,  '64 ;  M  .O. 
June  30,  '65  as  Lt.  Col.;  died  July  20,  1906,  at  Wakefield;  buried  at  Arlington  Cemetery, 
Washington,   D.  C. 
Rice,  Jas.  H.,  1st  lieut,.  (F),  July  25, '61; 22;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62  transf.  to  V.R.C.  July  10, '63. 
Rice,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  19,  64;  19;  deserted  Dec.  20,  '64  while  en  route  to  his  regiment. 
Rice,  Wm.,  1st.  sergt.,  (F),  Aug.  26,  '61 ;  20 ;  M.O.  Oct.  9,  '04  as  1st  lieut. ;  see  1st  regt.  M.  Vols. 
Rich,  Robert  E.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  18;  disch.  disa/ Jan.  17,  '63. 
Richardson,  Edwin  C,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  19;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Dec.  19,  '63. 
Richardson,  Joseph,  priv.,  (B),  May  13,  '64;  18;  sub.  C.  E.  Croley ;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64,  to 

May  12,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Richardson,  Stephen  E.,  priv.,  band,  Aug.  31,  '61;  20;  N.F.R. 
Richardson,  Samuel  E.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Jan.  4,  '64;  18;  rejected  Jan.  7,  '04. 
Richardson,  William,  priv.,  (C),  May  19,  '64;  33;  drafted  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Ridlon,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  21,  '64;  40;  N.F.R. 

Rigney,  Edward,  priv.,  (G),  Sept.  3,  '61;  22;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Dec.  14,  '63;  N.F.R. 
Riley,  James,  priv.,  (I),  July  31,  '63;  35;  sub.  Joseph  M.  Buck;  transf.  to  20  M.V".  Jan.  14,  '04 
Riley,  James,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  23;  sub.  M.O.  June  30,    05. 

Riley,  John,  priv.,(B),  Feb.  8, '62;  29;  disch.  Jan.  27, '65  for  Co.  F  24th.  V.R.C.  to  which  transf. 
Riley,  Michael,  priv.,  (B),  July  26, '61;  w'n'd  Sept.   17,  '02;  disch.  Oct.  28,  '02   to  re-en.  in 

15th  U.S.A. 
Riley,  Patrick,  priv.,  (I),  June  2,  '64.  21;  sub.  H.  T.  Downing;  M.O.  June  30,    03. 
Riley,  Thomas,  priv.,  (II),  Dec.  1,'lil;  19;  w'n'd  May  10,04;  re-en.  Dec.  26, '03;  disch.  for 

w'nds  June  15,   '65. 
Riley,  Thomas,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  19,   '62;  22;  N.F.R. 


408  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Ripley,  Thomas  K.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '63;  24;  drafted ;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Rinaldo,  John  B.,  priv.,  ( — ) ,  July  31,  '63 ;  3'2 ;  sub.  for  Nathan  A.  Fitch ;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Co.  F. 
Rischild,  Emile,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  8,  '64;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Ritchie,  George  M„  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  17,  '61;  35;  Capt.  June  1, '65;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;M.O. 

June  30,  '65  as  1st  Lieut. 
Roberts,  Henriech  C,  priv.,  ( — ),  Jan.  9,  '65;  22;  deserted  Feb.  24,  '65;  see  regt.  recruit. 
Roberts,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),Dec.  2, '62;  22;  N.F.R. 

Roberts,  John  S.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Roberts,  Nathan  H.,  priv.,  (E),  May  13, '64;  33;  drafted ;  pris.  since  June  22, '64;  died  July  25 

'64,    Andersonville,    Ga. 
Roberts,  Samuel,  Jr.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  30,  '61 ;  30;  disch.  disa.  May  28,  '62. 
Roberts,  Sylvester,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  20,  '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  June  8,  '63. 
Roberston,  Thomas,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  4,  '65;  42;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Robertson,  William,  priv.,  ( — ),  May  20, '64;  25;  (deserted  Aug.  27, '64  in  front  of  enemy  at 

Reams  Station.) 
Robbins,  Thomas  B.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  30;  never  left  state. 

Robinson,  Henry,  priv.,  (H),  May  13, '64;  30;  sub.  for  H.  F.  Sears;  died  Oct.  3, '64,  Anderson- 
ville,   Ga. 
Robinson,  James,  priv.  ( — ),  May  19, '64;  24;  sub.  for  Thomas  Hollis,  Jr.;  N.F.R. 
Robinson,  John  H„  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  19;  transf.  Dec.  1,  '61  to  Co.  I.;  M.O.  Feb.  1,  '65 

medal  of  honor  man. 
Robinson,  John  H.,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  6,  '62;  24;  died  Oct.  30,  '62,  Bolivar,  Va. 
Robinson,  John  L.,  Corp.,  (D),  July  28,  '61 ;  33;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  12,  '64  in  Co.  G. 
Robinson,  John  N..  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  June  10,  '63. 
Robinson,  John  Y.,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  2,  '65;  22;  N.F.R. 

Robinson,  Joseph,  priv.,  (F),  May  30,  '64;  18;  sub.  S.  B.  Fiske;  abs.  sick;  N.F.R. 
Robinson,  Sherman  S.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  19;  sergt.  2nd  Lieut.  Apr.  5,  '63;  killed  in 

action  July  3,  '63,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Rochambeau,  Louis,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  24,  '64;  26;  N.F.R. 
Roche,  Edmund,  priv.,  (E),  Aug.  29,  '62;  30;  killed  in  action  July  3,  '63. 
Rodgers,  Mial  A.,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  10, '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9, '61;  see  F.  48  regt.  rej't. 

recruits,  B  19th  regt.  '64,  also  I,  57  regt.  and  I,  59  regt. 
Rodigrass,  John  S.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov,  26,  '61;  34;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  27,  '62. 
Rogers,  Albert,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  19;  Wn'dJuly  3,'62;  May  12,'64;  re-en.  Mar.4,'64; 

transf.  to  V.R.C.  disch. from  Co.  K,  V.R.C.;  Aug.  13,  '65. 
Rogers,  Elisha  P.,  capt.,  (B),  Aug.  22,  '61;  32;  disch.  June  17,  '62;  see  M.  4th  H.  Arty. 
Rogers,  Daniel  E.,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  16,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  2,  '62. 

Rogers,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  30,  '64;  18;  w'n'd  May  13,  '64;  disch.  June  24,  '65,  Co.  C. 
Rogers,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  5,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Rogers,  Micajah,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  27;  died  Oct.  15,  '62;  Alexandria,  Va. 
Rogers,  Samuel,  priv.,  (C),  July  30,  '61 ;  26;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Rogers,  Shubael  D„  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  19, '61;  24;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept. 

12,  '63. 
Rogers,  Wm.  H.  G.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  20;  disch.  Jan.  17,  '62  for  disa.  on  S.C.of  D. 
Rogers,  Varnum,  priv.,  (B),  July  30,  '61;  21;  deserted  Sept.  17,  '62. 

Rollins,  Josiah  L.,  wag.,  (G),  July  25,  '61 ;  29 ;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  ■ — ,  '63  at  Boston  by  Col.  Day 
Rollins,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  16,  '62;  26;  N.F.R. 
Rolston,  John  M.,  corp.,  (I),  Aug.  26,  '61;  21;  N.F.R. 

Rooney,  Peter,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21;  sub.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, '64. 
Roos,  Albert,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  21,  '65;  21 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  Ross. 
Rosenberg,  Carl,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21;  sub.  E.  O.  Bullock;  N.F.R. 
Rosenberg,  Chas.,  priv.,  (I),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  14,  '63;  transf.  to  20  M.V. 

Jan.  14,    '64. 
Ross,  Dunbar,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  27,  '63;  23;  died  of  w'nds  Dec.  9,  '63,  Lincoln  Hos.  D.C. 
Ross,  Carl,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  8,  '64;  21 ;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 


ROSTER.  409 

Rosa,  John  C,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  41 ;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Ross,  John  T.,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62,  May  10,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21, 

'63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  1st  Lieut. 
Ross,  Wm.  H.,  sergt.,  (H),  Sept.  16,  '61;  26;  killed  in  action  May  16,  '64,  Spottsylvania,  Va 
Roth,  Philip,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  12,  '62;  40;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  16,  '63. 
Rouelson,  Wm.  G.,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  31;  sub.  Milton  Stone;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22 

'64. 
Rounels,  Francis,  priv.,  (H),  Dec."3,  '61 ;  31 ;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  4,  '63  at  Boston  by  Col.  Day. 
Rourke,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Routney,  Chas.  priv.,  (I),  June  18,  '64;  31;  drafted;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Rowe,  Chas.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  15,  '62;  27;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  27,  '64;  disch.  paper, 
Rowe,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  26;  deserted  as  corp.  Aug.  11,  '62. 
Rowley,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  May  13,  '64;  37;  drafted;  abs.  pris.;  died  at  Andersonville,  Oct. 

2,  '64   Co.  K. 
Ruggles,  Geo.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  6,  '61 ;  23;  N.F.R. 
Rundlett,  John,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  24, '61;  48;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28, '61. 

Rundlett,  Oliver  S.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  18;  w'n  'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  9,  '62. 
Rusch,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  21,  '65;  31;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  see  folio  558  Navy. 
Rushton,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  July  29,  '63;  30;  sub, ;  see  12  regt.  Inf. ;  did  not  serve  in  19th  regt. 
Russell,  Benjamin  W.,  Corp.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  19;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  killed  in  action  June 

18,  '64,  Petersburg,  Va. 
Russell,  Cornelius,  corp.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  as  priv.' 

as  abs.  w'n'd. 
Russell,  James  D.,  capt.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  35;  resigned  Nov.  20,  '62. 
Russell,  Daniel  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  16,  '61 ;  19;  deserted  June  30,  '62 ;  enlisted  10  N.H.  Vols, 

Aug.  1,  '62;  killed  at  Cold  Harbor,  June  2,  '64,  as  1st  Lieut. 
Russell,  Thos.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  27,  '61 ;  32 ;  died  June  4,  '62  as  mus.  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va. 
Ryan,  Andrew,  priv.,  (F),  Apr.  13,  '64;  36;  abs.  w'n'd  since  May  12,  '64. 
Ryan,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  19,  '62;  21;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Ryan,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  1,  '62;  20;  N.F.R. 
Ryan,  John  H.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  41 ;  disch.  disa.  May  10,  '62. 
Ryan,  John  D.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  18,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  July  8,  '62;disch.  paper;   alsoCo.I. 

8th  100  days  and  2nd  Lieut.  61  regt. 
Ryan,  Patrick,  priv.,  (C),  Jan.  17,  '65;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Ryan,  Wm.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  20;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Ryan,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  24,  '64;  24;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  N.F.R. 

Salisbury,  Thos.  J.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  July  3,   '63;  May  12,   '64;  transf.  to 

V.R.C.  Dec.  17,  '63;  disch.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Salter,  Solomon,  priv.,  (B),  May  19,  '64;  26;  sub  C.  L.  Young;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Sampson,  Christopher  C,  1st  lieut.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  22;  resigned  Oct.  3,  '61. 
Sanders,  Edward  P.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  27;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  28, '64. 
Sanderson,  Henry,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  23,  '65;  38;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Sargent,  Geo.  C,  priv.,  (H),  May  13,  '64;  29;  drafted;  died  at  Andersonville,  Nov.  2,  '64. 
Sargent,  John  W.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  21 ;  deserted  June  — ,  '62  as  John  A. 
Saunders,  Wm.K.,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  31,  '65;  37;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Savey,  Thos.,  priv.,  (D),  May  28.  '64;  33;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Sawyer,  Jerry  N.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  21 ;  deserted  Aug.  8,    til. 
Sawyer,  Joseph  W.,  mus.   (I),  July  26,  '61 ;  17;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  16,  '63. 
Scanlan,  Lewis  G.,  priv.,  (K).  Sept.  17,  '61;  20;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  3,  '62;  disch.  Oct.  28,  '62. 
Scannell,  Micheal,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  32;  w'n'd  July  3,  "63;  re-en.  Dec,  21,  63;  pris. 

from  June  22,  '64,  to  Apr.  27,  '65;  disch.  June  6,  '65. 
Scannell,  Patrick,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  21 ;  killed  in  action  July  3,  '63,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Scanlin,  David,  priv.,  (1),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.  Isaac  B.  Little;  transf.  to  Co.  I>,  20  regt.  Jan. 

14,  '64  and  disch.  Jan.  31,  '65;  lost  left  arm  May  6,  '64. 
Sceiss,  Alois,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  5,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Schleckman,  Chas.,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  2,  '65;  30;  deserted  June  12,  '65,  Munson  's  Hill,  Va. 


410  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Schodsr,  Julius,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  7,  '65;  36;  M.O.  June  30, '65. 

Schoff,  Elward  N.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  26;  hosp.  steward  Mar.  4, '63;  1st  Lieut.  Oct.  6, 

'64;capt.  Juae  1,  '65;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  July  21,  '65  as  1st  Lieut. 
Schott,  John  A.  H.,  priv.,  (E),  Dec.  6,  '64;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Schmidt,  Chas.,  priv.,  (A),  Jan.  8,   '64;  25;  w'n'd  May  10,  '64;  vet.  22nd  N.J.  Vols,  disch. 

June  17,  '65;  pris.  from  May  12,  '64,  to  May  12,  '65. 
Schnock,  Albert,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  26,  '65;  22;  disch.  July  28,  '65. 
Schultz,  Hans  W.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  31;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Schulze,  Frederick,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  30,  '64;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Schwerin,  Fritz,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  27;  sub.  John  W.  Bryant;  N.F.R. 
Scott,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  May  24,  '64;  32;  sub.;  abs.  pris.;  captured  June  22,  '64;  not  heard 

from  since. 
Seaman,  John,  priv.,  (H),  June  10,  '64;  21;  sub.  Marshall  Calkins;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  16, '64. 
Seaver,  Joseph,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  2,  '62;  44;  killed  in  action  Dec.  14,  '62;  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Seavey,  Joseph  J.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  6,  '61;  27;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Suley,  Samuel  W.,  capt'sboy,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  16;  N.F.R. 
Scichester,  Edward,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  15,  '65;  40;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Seger,  Chas.,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  13,  '65;  25;  deserted  Mar.  28,  '65  at  Hatchers  Run,  Va. 
Sewell,  Chas.  C,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  1,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  23,  '62; 

see  also  Co.  K  2nd  H.  Art'y. 
Shackley,  Moses,  wagoner,  (B),  Aug.  24,  '61  ;21 ;  1st sergt.;  2nd  Lieut.  Nov.  13,  '62;  disch.  Nov. 

12,  '63. 
Shackley,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  9,  '62;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Sharkey,  Chas.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  5,  '61;  21;  disch.  Oct.  22,  '62  to  enlist  in  U.S.A.  Oct.  26,  '95 

for  U.S.A.  Service. 
Shattuck,  Geo.,  priv.,  (K),  June  2,  '64;  22;  sub.  Joseph  Barnes;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Shaw,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  as  sergt.  June  30,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  as  George 

F.  Aug.  18,  '62. 
Shaw,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  5,  '61;  33;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '61. 
Shaw,  Levi,  Q.M.,  1st  lieut.,  (F  and  G),  Aug.  3,  '61;  50;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  17,  '62. 
Shea,  John,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61;  22;  died  Nov.  13,  '62,  Bolivar,  Va. 
Sheahan,  Edward,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  19,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa  July  23,  '62;'see  also  V.R.C. 
Shearin,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (— ),  Nov.  28,  '62;  20;  N.F.R. 

Sheffield,  Chas.  M.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  in  Co.  D  June  17,  '62. 
Shepard,  Lewis  S.,  priv.,  C— ),  Feb.  29,   '64;  25;  transf.  to  1st  Co.  S.S.;  disch.  May  6,  '65; 

unassigned. 
Sherman,  Chas.,  priv.,  (D),  May  14,  '64;  24;  sub.  George  Mason;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Sherman,  James  O.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  28;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Sherman,  Stiles  F.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  33;  disch.  disa.  May  26,  '62. 
Sherman,  Wm.  W.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  20;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  26,  '63. 
Sherwell,  Jesse  R.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  27,  '61;  35;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  M..O  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Sherwood,  Duncan,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Nov.  20, 

'63;  M.O.  Sept.  12,  '64. 
Shields,  David,  priv.,  (I),  June  3,  '64;  18;  sub.  E.  C.  Pomroy;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Shine,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  — ,  '61;  23;  N.F.R. 

Shine,  John,  priv.,  (I),  Mar.  31,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64. 
Shinnick,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Apr.  15,  '64;  26;  died  Oct.  23,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Shipley,  Albert,   priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,   '61;  25;  enlisted  while  a  deserter   in  Co.  C  2nd  Cav 

under  name  of  Alfred  Locke ;  considered  a  deserter  from  Nov.  15,  '62 ;  dishonorably  d  isch . 

Aug.  21,  '77. 
Shock,  Carl,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  22,  '64;  24;  w'n'd  May  18,  '64;  abs.  w'n'd. 
Shorey,  Patrick,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  19;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Short,  Alexander  L.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  16,  '62. 
Short,  Moses,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  27;  died  of  w'nds  June  25,  '62,  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Shuhknecht,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  24,  '64;  28;  N.R. 
Sias,  George  H.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  10,  '62. 


ROSTER.  411 

Sicore,  Joseph,  priv.,  ( — ),  June  16,  '64;  23;  sub.  H.  W.  Stockway;  N.F.R. 

Silk,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;20;disch.  Oct.  22,  '62  to  re-en.  in  U.S.A. 

Simpson,  Andrew,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  18,  '64;  22;  transf.  to  Navy  Apr.  23,  '64. 

Simpson,  Edwin  F.,  priv.,  (F),  Feb.  23,  '65;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Simonds,  Benj.  R.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  18;  disch.  disa.  July  9,  '62. 

Simonds,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  25;  N.F.R. 

Sinnot,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  19,  '62;  23;  N.F.R. 

Skerrett,  James  S.,  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  21,  '63;  36;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  sick;  has  been  pris. 

from  June  22,  '64,  to  Mar.  1,  '65;  disch.  July  24,  '65. 
Slocumb,  Robert,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.  R.  H.  Mathes;  see  20  regt. ;  transf.  to  20M.V. 
Small,  John  T.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  30;  com 'y  sergt.  May  30,  '63;  1st  Lieut.  Oct.  8,  '64; 

re-en.  Jan.  4,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smidt,  Chas.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  28,  '61;  25. 

Smith,  Bartholomew,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  25;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  26,  '63. 
Smith,  Caleb  V.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  4,  '63;  Co.  D. 
Smith,  Chas.,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  23,  '64;  33;  abs.  sick;  disch.  disa.  July  21,  '65. 
Smith,  Chas.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  10,  '62;  26;  N.F.R. 
Smith,  Chas.,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  12,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Smith,  Chas.  E.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  30,  '62;  27;  died  of  w'nds  Dec.  18,  '62,  Falmouth,  Va. 
Smith,  Daniel  H.,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  11,  '65;  25;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smith,  Ervin,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  23;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Smith,  Francis  L.,  priv.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  arm  amputated;  died  Aug. 

5,  '62,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Smith,  Geo.,  priv.,(— ),  July  24,  '63;  30;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Smith,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  5,  '63;  30;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Smith,  Henry  A.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  19,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61;  died  Nov.  22,  '61, 

Camp  Benton. 
Smith,  Henry,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  31,  '63  in  Co.  I. 
Smith,  Henry,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  1,  '64;  18;  w'n'd  May  6,  '64;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smith,  Horace  L.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  May  24,  '62. 
Smith,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64;  abs.  w'n'd;  died  at  Salisbury, 

N.  C,  Feb.  3,  '65. 
Smith,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  21;  N.F.R. 

Smith,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  28,  '64;  26;  transf.  to  Navy  Apr.  23,  '64. 

Smith,  James,  priv.,  (F),  May  23,  '64;  21;  sub.  S.  C.  Ellis;  died  Feb.  3,  '65,  Salisbury,  N.  C. 
Smith,  James  H.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  24,  '64 ;  21 ;  transf.  to  Navy  Apr.  23,  '64. 

Smith,  James  S.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  26,  '61;  18;  disch.  Apr.  28,  '64  as  1st  sergt.  Co.  I;  re-en. 

Feb.  24,  '64. 
Smith,  James  S.,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  24,  '64;  18;  pris.  of  war;  disch.  June  7,  '65. 

Smith,  Jonas,  L.  priv.,  (I),  Sept.  9,  '61;  29;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris.  June  22, '64,  to  Mar.  16, 
'65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Smith,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va. 

Smith,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  26;  sub.;  N.F.R. 

Smith,  John  A.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Jan.  28,  '62;  43;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  23,  '62;  unassigned. 

Smith,  John  H.,  priv.,  (A),  Apr.  22,  '64;  18;  died  Aug.   15,   '64,   Andersonville,  (J:i;  enlist- 
ment papers  say  disch.  Oct.  5,  '63  from  4th  N.H.  Vols. 

Smith,  Martin,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '04;  23;  sub.  Chas.  Clements;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64; 
N.F.R. 

Smith,  Mathew,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  19,  '62;  22;  N.F.R. 

Smith,  Michael,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  3,  '63;  25;  sub.  Marcus  Hall;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  17,  '63,  Gen. 
Tuft's  report  4. 

Smith,  Ogden,  priv.,  (A),  July  20,  '61;  19;  deserted  Sept.  16,  '02;  see  Navy  folio  004. 

Smith,  Samuel,  H.  priv.,  (H),  Oct.  2,  'Gl;20;w  n  <l.Iune2.r,,  '02;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  3,  '02. 

Smith,  Sidney  M.,  priv.,  (H),  Apr.  14,  '04;  21;  died  Aug.  20,    04. 

Smith,  Thos.,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  20,   '04;  2S;  died  Jan.  20,  '05. 

Smith,  Thos.,  priv.,  (K),  June  9, '64;  34;  sub.;  abs.  w'n'd  since  Aug.  10,    04. 


412  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Smith,  Thos.  C,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  14,  '63;  41;  transf.  to  1st  Co.  S.S.;M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smith,  Thos.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  20,  '61 ;  40;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp, 

Va. 
Smith,  Timothy,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  39;  deserted  Aug.  20,  '61. 
Smith,  Wm„  priv.,  (F),  July  25,  '61;  29;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June 

30,  '65. 
Smith,  Wm„  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 
Smith,  Wm,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  22;  sub.  Zelotus  Rogers. 
Smith,  Wm.,  priv.,  (I),  May  19,  '64;  38;  sub.  Francis  Baker;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smith,  Wm.,  1st,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  22;  sub.  Albert  Tirrell;  N.F.R. 
Smith,  Wm.,  1st,  priv.,  (K),  May  13,  '64 ;  19;  sub.  J.  H.  Stebbins;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smith,  Wm.,  2nd,  priv.,  (K),  Dec.  30,  '64;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Smith,  Wm.,  2nd,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '63;  22;  sub.  S.  M.  Shapleigh;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan. 

14,  '64. 
Smith,  Wm.  G.,  priv.,  (C),  July  6,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  5,  '63;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Smithers,  James,  priv.,  (D),  May  13,  '64;  22;  sub.  W   C.  Hall;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64; 

N.F.R. 
Smedley,  John  A.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;   see  Co.  D  17th  Mass. 
Snee,  Henan,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  9,  '65;  26;  N.F.R. 

Snellen,  Joseph  W.,  sergt.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  35;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  15,  '64. 
Snellen,  Samuel  G.,  priv.,  (G),  July  25,  '61 ;  28;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Snider,  Chas.,  priv.,  ( — ),  July  31,  '63;  22;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Snow,  James  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  18;  disch.  in  Co.  B  Jan.  13,  '63  to  re-en.  in  5th  U.S. 

Art'y. 
Snow,  Richard  D.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61 ;  18;  disch.  disa.  in  Co.  B  Feb.  4,  '63. 
Sommarwell,  Chas.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  24,  '62;  28;  N.F.R. 
Somers,  Frank,  priv.,  (H),  June  1,  '64;  35;  sub.  J.  F.  Powers;  died  Nov.  17,  '64,  Anderson- 

ville,  Ga. 
Soper,  Augustus  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  20;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Soper,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  3,  '61 ;  43;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  11,  '63;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Spates,  Joseph  G.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  5,  '61 ;  22 ;  see  Co.  A  17th  Mass. ;  did  not  serve  in  19th ;  deserter 

from  17th. 
Spear,  Emery,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  N.F.R. 

Spence,  David,  priv.,  (D),  May  28,  '64;  30;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Spinney,  James  W.,  priv.,  (A),  May  21,  '64;  18;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64,  to  May  8,  '65;  disch. 

June  16,  '65. 
Spofford,  Edwin  F.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  9, '61;  24;  disch.  Nov.  24,  '61. 
Spofford,  John  A.,  band  master,  Aug.  31,  '61;  34;  disch.  Nov.  22,  '61  S.O.  139  Headqr's  A 

of  P.  '61  at  Camp  Benton,  near  Poolesville,  Md. 
Spofford,  Daniel  W.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  26;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Spoor,  Albert  E.,  priv.,  (I ),  July  26,  '61 ;  21 ;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 

Stacy,  J.  Newton,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  19 ;  died  Feb.  5,  '63,  Windmill  Pt.  Hosp.  of  disease. 
Standish,  Ben,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  9,  '64;  28;  N.F.R. 

Stanley,  Edwin  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  10,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  18,  '63. 
Stanley,  Isaac  N.,  priv.,  (F),  Feb.  5,  '62;  27;  disch.  Hosp.  Alexandria,  Va.,  May  28,  '62  for 

disa. 
Stanley,  Thos.,  priv.,  (D),  May  25,  '64;  24;  sub.  F.  F.  Stone;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Stannett,  Edward,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  10,  '62 ;  21 ;  N.F.R. 

Stanton,  Edward,  Corp.,  (E),  July  25, '61;  19;  deserted  aB  "Fleming"  Aug.  28, '61. 
Stanton,  Thomas  M.,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  22, '64;  27;  N.F.R. 
Stanwood,  Joseph,  mus.,  (D),  Aug.  24, '61;  58;  N.F.R. 
Stanwood,  Moses  P.,  capt.,  (A),  July  26, '61;  39;  resigned  Oct.  21, '61. 
Staples,  Seth  M.,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  4, '64;  18;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  21, '64. 
Starbird,  John,  D.,  priv.,(K),  Sept.  3,  '61 ;  21 ;  shot  by  sentence  Court  Martial,  Spottsylvania, 

May  21, '64. 
Starkweather,  James,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  42;  M.O.  Aug.  18,  '64 


ROSTER.  413 

Stearns,  Wm„  priv.,  (G),  May  14,  '64;  34;  sub.  S.  F.  Dier;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Steele,  John  H.,  priv.,  (C),  Feb.  13,  '62;  19;  w'n'd  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.June 

30,    '65. 
Steele,  Simon  S.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  5,  '62;  35;  deserted;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Steimle,  Theodore,  priv.,  (G),  Nov.  17,  '64;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  mus. 
Steimle,  Wm„  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  15,  '65;  22;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Stenford,  Joseph,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  10,  '62;  23;  N.F.R. 
Stephens,  Robert  W.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  3,  '61;  29;  disch.  Nov.  17,  '61. 
Stephenson,  Geo.,  priv.,  ( — ■),  Apr.  13,  '64;  35;  transf.  to  Navy  Apr.  23,  '64. 
Stewart,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  10,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  May  28,  '62. 
Stevens,  Austin,  priv.,  (F),  May  14,  '64;  33;  drafted;  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  M.O.  June  30, 

'65;  abs. 
Stevens,  Benj.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  18;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  Glendale,  Va. 
Stevens,  Chas.  M.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  19,  '61;  42;  N.F.R. 
Stevens,  Geo.  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 
Stevens,  Geo.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Co.  I  Feb.  24, 

'63. 
Stevens,  James,  priv.,  (I),  June  10,  '64;  24;  sub.  Isaac  Stevens;  died  of  w'nds  Sept.  10,  '64 

in  camp. 
Steward,  Wm.,  mus.,  (F),  Aug.  15,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30, '65;  abs.  sick; 

disch.  July  19,   '65. 
Stillman,  Peter,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  June  3,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch. 

July  24,   '65. 
Stone,  Benj.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  21;  died  June  29,  '62,  near  Fair  Oaks,  Va. 
Stone,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  20;  sub.  Edward  C.  Gardner;  N.F.R. 
Stone,  Samuel  J.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  5,  '61;  24;  disch.  Dec.  20,  '62. 
Stone,  Thos.,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  24,  '64 ;  21 ;  abs.  sick  since  Jan.  15,  '65 ;  N.F.R. 
Stone,  Warren  L.,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  16,  '65;  20;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Stone,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  28,  '61;  35;  N.F.R. 
Stone,  Wm.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  23,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;Sept.l7,  '62,  July  3,  '63;transf- 

to  V.R.C.  July  28,. '63;  2nd  Lieut,  in  V.R.C.  Aug.  23,  '63. 
Stone,  Wm.  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  22;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Stone,  Vertulan  R.,  ass't  surg.,  (F  and  G),  Nov.  6,  '62;  disch.  May  11,  '63. 
Strange,  James,  priv.,  (B),  Apr.  24,   '62;  21;  w'n'd  May  10,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  disch. 

for  insanity  June  5,  '65;  abs.  w'n'd  alias  Thos.  J.  Shaw. 
Stringer,  Thos.,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  19,  '64;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris.  from  June  22,  '64, 

to  Apr.  28,  '65;  disch.  July  7,  '65. 
Strickland,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  8,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 
Stuart,  Alonzo  E.,  priv.,  (F),  Apr.  8,  '64;  21;  abs.  pris.  since  May  6,  '64. 
Suchester,  Edward,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  15,  '65;  40;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Sullin,  Daniel,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  35;  deserted  in  Co.  C  May  3,  '63  while  on  10  days' 

furlough. 
Sullivan,  Daniel,  priv.,  (— ),  June  2,  '64;  36;  sub.  H.  L.  Ashley ;  N.F.R. 
Sullivan,  Humphrey  O.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61;  20;  re-en.  Mar.  7,  '64;  deserted  Apr.  11,  '61; 

see  O'Sullivan. 
Sullivan,  James,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  1,  '63;  21 ;  sub.  J,  A.  Whitney;  N.F.R.' 
Sullivan,  James  M.,  priv.,  (  K),  July  25,  '61;  38;  disch.  dis;i.  I  Ice.  11,  '61 . 
Sullivan,  Jeremiah,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  37;  disch.  disa.  .Ian.  29,  '62  as  of  Co.  I. 
Sullivan    Jeremiah  ().,  corp.,  (E),  July  25,   '61;  22;  died  July  20,   '62,  Harrisburg  Landing, 

Va. 
Sullivan,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  16,  '61 ;  21 ;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  disch.  Oct.  12,  '62;   see  Co. 

A  24th  and  V.  K.C.July  30,  '63. 
Sullivan,  Marcus  M.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  22;  deserted  May  — ,  '62  at  Yorktown,  Va. 
Sullivan,  Michael,  sergt.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  25;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  It,  '63  as  priv. 
Sullivan,  Michael  H.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61;  32;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  deserted  July  1,  '63  at 

Tarry  town,  N.V. 


414  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Sullivan,  Patrick  J.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  July 

27,  '63;  disch.  from  Co.  A  9th  regt.  V.R.C.  Sept.  1,  '64. 
Sullivan,  Richard,  priv.,  (G),  Jan.  10,  '65;  18;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  disch.  July  19,  '65. 
Supree,  Joseph,  priv.,  (B),  May  13,  '64;  19;  sub.  R.  H.  Eldridge;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64; 

N.F.R. 
Swallow,  Richard,  priv.,  (I),  Feb.  3,  '65;  23;  N.F.R. 
Swan,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  18,  '62 ;  26 ;  disch.  May  22,  '63 ;  unassigned ;  see  F  8th  regt.  3  mos. 

U.S.Navy  L.  3  H.H. 
Sweeney,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  4,  '63;  18;  sub.;  N.F.R. 

Sweeney,  Michael,  priv.,  (B),  May  21,  '64;  25;  sub.  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Sweetzer,  Thos.  A.,  priv.,  (I),  July  26,  '61;  23;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  19,  '63 
Swenson,  John,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  28,  '64;  25;  disch.  Aug.  7,  '65. 
Sylvester,  Samuel,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  50;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  20,  '62. 
Symonds,  Geo.  B.,priv.,  (H),  Oct,  27,  '61;  21;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64,  to 

May  17,  '65;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Tabor,  Wm.R.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  24,  '61;  20;  N.M.;  no  service. 

Taggard,  David,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  — ,  '61 ;  38;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Apr.  5,  '64;  disch.  Apr.  7, '  64. 

Taft,  Benj.  F.,  assist.  1st  sergt.  (F  and  G),  Aug.  22,  '62;  transf.  to  20th  regt.;  resigned  Mar. 

14,  '63. 
Tappan,  Abraham,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  4,  '61;  45;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '62  at  Washington,  D.C. 

by  Gen.  Martindale. 
Tappan,  Wm.  S.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  19 ;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64  in  Co.  I. 
Tareno,  Sareno,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  17,  '61;  22;  disch.  disa.  Sept.  19,  '62. 
Tarr,  John  F.,  sergt.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  32;  disch.  disa.  May  16,  '62;  see  also  V.R.C. 
Taunt,  Loring,  priv.,  (K),  Feb.  24,  '64;  30;*pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  died  Sept.  7,  '64,  Ander- 

sonville;  see  Co.  D  4th,  9  mos. 
Taylor,  Chas.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  9,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 
Teadley,  Daniel,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  22,  '61;  27;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62,  May  10,  '64;  re-en.  Dec. 

21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65  as  1st  sergt. 
Teal,  Geo.  E.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  26,  '61;  18;  M.O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Temple,  Chas.  M.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  21;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61. 
Temple,  Geo.  L.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  deserted  from  Co.  I  Apr.  24,  '64  in  violation 

art.  of  war  22;  transf.  to  Co.  I  20th;  is  considered  by  war  dept.  a  deserter  from  20th;  see 

also  Co.  I  5  regt.,  9  mos. 

Temple,  Henry  M.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  17 ;  deserted '62. 

Temple,  Marshall  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  43 ;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  28,  '61. 

Temple,  Napoleon  B.  M„  priv.,  (D),  Sept.  3,  '61 ;  24;  M.O.  in  Co.  D  Sept.  10,  '64  to  date  Sept. 

2,   '64. 
Tenny,  James  S.,  priv.,  (— ),Mayl3,  '64;  37;  drafted;  N.F.R. 
Thomas,  Chas.,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  6,  '65;  27;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Thomas,  Eben,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  4,  '63;  22;  sub.  J.  M.  Stearns;  deserted  Sept.  13,  '63. 
Thomas,  Geo.  P.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  31,  '63  by  military  commander 

at  Boston. 
Thomas,  James,  priv.,  (B),  Dec.  3,  '62;  23;  died  Oct.  13,  '62,  Point  Lookout,  Md. 
Thomas,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Jan.  5,  '65;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Thomas,  Samuel,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  1,   '63;  22;  sub.  E.  A.  Crandall;  deserted  Sept.  2,   '63  at 

Morrisville,  Va. 
Thomas,  Terence,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  19,   '64;  19;  abs.  pris.;  N.F.R.;  no  evidence  of  death  or 

discharge  on  file. 
Thompson,  Chas.  priv.,  (F),  Nov.  17,  '65;  30;  M.  O.  at  Munson's  Hill,  Va.,  June  30, '65. 
Thompson,  Edward  C,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  26,  '64;  18;  disch.  June  7,  '65  while  a  patient  in  U.S. 

Gen.  Hosp.,  Fort.  Monroe,  Va. 
Thompson,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,   '62;  lost  arm;  disch.  disa 

Apr.  8,  '63. 


ROSTER.  415 

Thompson,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Dec.  4,  '61;  18;  N.F.R. 
Thompson,  James,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  26,  '64;  38;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  15,  '64. 
Thompson,  John  B.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  1,  '61 ;  20 ;  killed  in  action  June  3,  '64. 
Thompson,  John  W.,  priv.,  (B),  Sept.  10, '61;  38;  w'n'd  June  25, '62 ;  died  Sept.  17, '62,  of  dis- 
ease at  hosp.  Fort  Ellsworth. 
Thompson,  Milton  D.,  priv.,  (C),  Mar.  23, '64;  29;  died  Oct.  9, '64,  Florence,  S.  C. 
Thompson,  Richard,  priv.,  (K),  Feb.  17,  '64 ;  24 ;  absent  wounded ;  N  F.  R. 
Thorndyke,  Albert,  1st  lieut.,  (H),  com'd  Oct.  25,  '61;  24;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,   62,    resigned  Nov. 

10, '62. 
Thornton,  James,  priv.,  (F),  Dec.  20,  '64;  23;  M.  O.  June  30,  '65. 

Tibbetts,  Chas.  W.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  17,  '61 ;  21 ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63 ;  M.  O.  June  30,  '65. 
Tibbets,  John,  L.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  7,  '61 ;  39;  w'n'd  June  25,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  23,  '63. 
Tibbetts,  Wm.  H.,  corp.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  19 ;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63 ;  killed  in  action  Feb.  5,  '65. 
Tidd,  Geo.  A.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61 ;  21 ;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  5,  '63. 
Tierinan,  Mark,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8, '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  10, '63. 
Tighe,  Matthew,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  23,  '61 ;  18;  M.  O.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Tilton,  Warren,  sergt.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  31 ;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  23,  '63. 
Tirrell,  Nathaniel  H.,  priv.,  (H),  May  14,  '64;  32;  drafted;  M.  O.,  June  30,  '65. 
Tirrell,  Wm„  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  7,  '61 ;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63 ;  trans,  to  K   Co.; 

M.  O.  June  30,  '65,  as  corp. 
Todd,  Jos.  S.,  capt.,(C),  July  26,  '61 ;  33;  resigned  March  20,  '62. 
Tolman,  Augustus  P.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13, '61;  21;  killed  in  action  June  30, '62,  White  Oak 

Swamp,  Va. 
Toomey,  Michael,  priv.,( — ),  May  19,  '64 ;  24 ;  sub.  W.  G.  Prescott ;  abs.  pris.  June  22,  '64 ;  N  .F.R . 
Torrey,  A.  Dana,  priv.,  ( — ),  July  26,  '61;  28;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  6.  '62. 
Townley,  Wm.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  19;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  31,  '61. 
Tourtelotte,  Azro  M.,  priv.,  (H),  May  19,  '64;  25;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Towle,  John,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  26,  '61;  44;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  17,  '63;  disch.  Aug.  28,  '64. 
Trapp,  Chas.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  3,  '63;  23;  sub.  Ahirah  Kelly,  Jr.;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, 

'64. 
Trask,  Edward,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  26,  '64;  18;  disch.  June  17,  '65. 

Trask,  Geo.  L.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  20,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  20,  '63. 
Trask,  Levi,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  20,  '61 ;  44;  disch.  disa.  Apr.  18,  '63. 
Trelawney,  Tanjoure,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  38;  sub.  Albert  Thatcher;  pris;  captured  June 

22,   '64,  Jerusalem  Plank  Road;  N.F.R. 
Trembo,  Christopher,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  40;  sub.  Newell  J.  Winslow;  N.F.R. 
Tuck,  Benj.F.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  29;  disch.  disa.  May  21,  '62;  see  Co.  D  2nd  Cav 
Tucker,  Clarence  J.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  28,  '61  18;  killed  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Tucker,  Wm.  J„  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  24,  '61 ;  18;  killed  in  action  Sept.  17,  '62,  Antietam,  Md. 
Tucker,  Henry  M.,  priv.,  (B),  Aug.  26,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  June  15,  '63. 
Tufts,  Franklin,  priv.,  (F),  July  5,  '61;  32;  M.O.  Aug.  29,  '64  21st  V.R.C.  to  which  transf. 
Turner,  Frederick,  priv.,  (F),  Mar.  31,  '62;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  12,  '63; 

re-en.  in  Co.  B,  56th. 
Turner,  Nathan,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  19,  '61;  28;  see  regular  army  band;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62. 
Tuson,  Wm.,  corp.,  (A),  July  26,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  19,  '63. 
Tuttle,  Ephraim,  priv.,  (E),  June  13,  '64;  31;  sub.  J.  A.  Carter;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64; 

N.F.R. 

Tuttle,  Daniel  G.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  32 ;  deserted '62 ;  date  not  given. 

Tuttle,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  21;sub.  Barzellai  Eldridge;  N.F.R-. 

Tuttle,  Thos.  W .,  priv.,  (I),  July  1,  '61;  IS;  killed  in  action  July  3,  '63,  Gettysburg,  I'a. 

Tuttle,  Simeon,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.,  14  '64;  35;  disch.  June  19,  '65. 

Twiss,  David,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  o,  '61;  22;  M.O.  Dec.  9,  '64  expir.  term. 

Twitchell,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  12,  '64;  21;  N.F.R. 

Tyler,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  1,    63;  21;  sub.  John  H.  Gallon;  M.O.  with  Co.  Aug.  1,  '64  as  of 

Co.  K  20  Mass.  Vols,  to  which  transf. 


416  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

VanAmmon,  Bernard,  priv.,  (B),  May  19,  '64;  25;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  not  since  heard  from. 

Vance,  Matt.,  priv.,  (I),  May  31/64;  27;  sub.  G.  R.  Armes;abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 

Varney,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  18;  never  joined;  not  on  pay  roll. 

Velter,  Andreas,  priv.,  (B),  Jan.  6,  '64;  25;  N.F.R. 

Very,  John,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,   '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,   '63;  w'n'd  May  7,  '64;  M.O.  June 

30,  '65. 
Very,  Joshua,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  1,  '61;  28;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  taken  pris.  June  22,  '64;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris. 
Viall,  Samuel  E.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  21;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62,  July  3,  '63;  re-en.  Dec.  21, 

'63;  died  of  w'nds  May  24,  '64,  regt.  Hosp. 
Vierbucher,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26,  '64;  26;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Vritton,  Andrew,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  28, '61;  18;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  in  Co.  I  Dec. 

16,    '62. 
VonVueschan,  Hugo,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  3,  '63;  30;  sub.  Chas.  Prior;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Wadleigh,  Wm.  G.,  priv.,  (C),  Sept.  10,  '61;  20;  disch.  disa.  July  1,  '62. 

Wagoner,  Hiram,  priv.,  (H),  Nov.  26, '61;  33;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  12,  '63  by  order  Gen.  Couch 

at  Falmouth,  Va. 
Wakefield,  Wm.  H„  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  12,  '61;  25;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Walcott,  Chas.  O.,  priv.,  (K),  Nov.  2,  '62;  26;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  abs.  w'n'd  since  May 

30,  '64. 
Waldeck,  Louis,  pris.,  (G),  Aug.  4,  '63;  25;  sub.  F.  Waterman ;  transf .  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 
Walden,  Nathan,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  34;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Waldron,  John,  priv.,  (E),  July  26,  '61 ;  24;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  13,  '61. 
Waldron,  John  F.,  priv.,  (— ),  May  11,  '64;  29;  rejected  May  27,  '64. 
Walker,  Arthur,  priv.,  (H),  May  17,  '64;  20;  drafted;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris.  since  June 

22,   '64. 
Walker,  Hugh,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  6,  '61 ;  19;  never  joined  for  duty. 
Walker,  Irving  E.,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  28,  '64;  24;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  not  heard  from 

since. 
Walker,  Stewart,  priv.,  ( — ),  Feb.  16,  '64;  44;  rejected  Feb.  17,  '64. 
Walker,  Wm.,  mus.,  (H),  Aug.  12,  '61 ;  17;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  4,  '63  in  Co.  D. 
Wallace,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (F),  Jan.  25,  '62;  22;  disch.  disa.  June  12,  '63. 
Wallace,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Apr.  12,  '64;  36;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wallace,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  19,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 

Wallace,  Patrick,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  19;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  3,  '62. 
Wallace,  Peter,  priv.,  (B),  Mar.  26,  '62;  33;  killed  in  action  Dec.  11,  '62,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Wallace,  Wm.,  priv.,  (E),  Mar.  21,  '62;  24;  deserted  Apr.  24,  '62,  New  York. 
Walls,  Thos.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  13,  '61;  19;  N.M. 

Walter,  Henry,  priv.,  (— ),  July  29,  '63;  29;  sub.  Josiah  Randall;  N.F.R. 
Walther,  Geo.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  '61;  19 ;  deserted  Mar.  26, '63  at  Falmouth  while  on  10  days ' 

furlough. 
Walton,  Augustus  L„  priv.,  band,  Sept.  3,  '61 ;  28;  M.O.  Aug.  8,  '62;  see  11th  Batt.  3  yrs.  for 

2nd  enlistment. 
Walton,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  19,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 

Ward,  Chas.  W.,  priv.,  (— ),Feb.7,  '65;  21;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  20,  '65;rejected 
Ward,  Samuel  J.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  8,  '61;  44;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  2,  '62. 
Wardwell,  Geo.,  priv.,  (A),  Aug.  20,  '61 ;  21 ;  deserted  Sept.  16,  '62. 
Warner,  Abraham,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  13,  '62;  28;  died  Nov.  23,  '64,  Andersonville,  Ga. 
Warner,  Chas.  B.,  2nd  lieut.,  (H),  Nov.  21,  '61;  26;  killed  in  action  June  25,  '62,  Fair  Oaks 

Va. 
Warner,  Geo.  L.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  9,  '61;  28;  died  Oct.  18,  '62  at  Bolivar,  Va. 
Warner,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Nov.  21,  '62;  22;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  disch.  expir.  of  term 

Dec.  4,  '64. 
Wass,  Ansell  D.,  capt.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  28;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62,  July  3,  '63,  Oct.  14,  '6$ 

M.O.  July  28,  '64;  disch.  as  Major  to  accept  promotion  Oct.  1,  '62. 


ROSTER.  417 

Waters,  Horace,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  4,  '62;  36;  N.F.R. 

Waters,  Thos.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  29,  '63;  37;  sub.  B.  F.  Dewing. 

Waters,  Thos.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  1,  '63;  33;  sub.;"transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14,  '64. 

Watkins,  Samuel  K.,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  27,  '61;  18;  deserted  July  25,  '62. 

Watkins,  Wm.  B.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61;  32;  deserted  May  3  as  "William  D."  while  on  10 

days'  furlough. 
Watson,  Chas.,  priv.,  (G),  May  13,  '64;  23;  sub.  J.  H.  Hunt;  died  Jan.  16,  '64,  Salisbury,  N.C. 
Watts,  Benj  .S.,  priv.,  (G),  Oct.  10,  '61;  34;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  16,  '63. 
Weichert,  Chas.  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Jan.  24,  '65;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  disch.  as  1st  sergt.  Mar. 

15,  '64  for  promotion;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63. 
Welch,  Chas.  P.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  22;  disch.  Nov.  10,  '62  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.  to  enlist 

in  Co.  E  2nd  Batt.  15  U.S.  Inf.  for  unexpir.  term   of  regt.  and  disch.  Feb.  10,  '64  to 

enlist  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.;  re-en.  Feb.  16,  '64  and  disch.  Feb.  16,  '67  as  corp.  Co.  E  24 

U.  S.  Inf. 
Welch,  James,  priv.,   (— ),  Aug.  15, '61;  28;  N.M. 
Welch,  James,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  20,  '61;  30;  deserted  Aug.  22,  '61. 
Welch,  Michael,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  21;  sub.;  N.F.R. 

Welch,  Thos.,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  19,  '61 ;  22 ;  killed  inaction  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va. 
Welch,  Thos.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  16,  '61;  21;  N.M. 
Welch,  Thos.,  priv.,  (A),  June  13,  '64,  25;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Wellman,  Chas.  B.,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  9,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wellock,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  26;  dismissed  Mar.  18,  '63. 
Wells,  Jeremiah,  Y.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  2, '61;  34;  died  of  w'nds  July  21,  '63  received  at  Gettys 

burg,  Pa. 
Wells,  Jonathan,  Corp.,  (B),  July  26,  '61 ;  40 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  31,  '63  as  '  'John,'  'priv. 
Wells,  John  J.,  sergt.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  27;  priv.;  disch.  disa.  Jan.  6,  '64. 
Welsh,  John,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  21 ;  M.O.  as  sergt.  Co.  B  July  27,  '64. 
Wentworth,  Geo.  W.,  priv.,  (K),  Sept.  — ,  '61;  24;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  13,  '63. 
Wentworth,  Frank  D.,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61 ;  29;  dropped  from  rolls  Oct.  13,  '62  at  Bolivar, 

Va. 
West,  Chas.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  30;  died  Apr.  6,  '62  at  Poolesville,  Md. 
West,  Chas.  E.,  priv.,  (K),  Mar.  23,  '64;  15;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  disch.  from  Co.  F.  14th  V.R.C. 

July  29,   '65. 
Weston,  Henry  G.,  priv.,  band,  Sept.  17,  '61;  17;  disch.  Dec.  31, '61,  5th  9  mos.  band  U.S.A. 
Weston,  Ira,  wag.,  (D),  July  5,  '61;  29;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Westacott,  Lewis,  Corp.,  (F),  Aug.  23,  '61;  23;  priv.;  killed  in  action  June  30,  '62,  White  Oak 

Swamp,  Va. 
Westacott,  Richard,  priv.,  (F),  Aug.  23,  '61;  23;  died  of  w'nds  Dec.  30,  '62,  Stanton  Hosp. 
Wetzler,  Herman,  priv.,  (A),  May  6,  '64;  25;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  not  heard  from 

since. 
Weymouth,  Harrison  G.  O.,  capt.,  (G),  July  25,  '61 ;  21 ;  hon.  disch.  disa.  Apr.  4,  '63;  lost  leg, 

Fredericksburg. 
Whalan,  Thos.  priv.,  (B),  May  19,  '64;  22;  sub.  Barney  Tlsdale;  abs.  pris. 
Wheeler,  Alfred,  Jr.,  priv.,  (B),  July  26,  '61;  23;  disch.  disa.  Nov.  29,  '62;  see  V.R.C. 
Wheeler,  Geo.,  priv.,  (I),  May  13,  '64;  21;  sub.  S.  W  Dickenson;  M.O.  June  30,  '65;  abs.  pris. 

June  22,  '64. 
Wheeler,  Henry,  priv.,  (I),  May  2,  '64;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wheeler,  Wm.  H.,  priv..  (I),  July  11,  '63;  21;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wheeling,  John,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  4,  '63;  21;  sub.  F.  B.  Bridgeman;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14. 

'64. 
Wheelock,  Henry  L.,  priv.,  (K),  Oct.  10,  '62;  29;  reported  transf.  to  1st  Co.  S.S.  Dec.  15,  '6-1 ; 

M.O.  Boston  Nov.  10,  '64  to  date  Sept.  3,  '64;  never  served  in  19th. 
White,  Anton,  priv.,  (G). . Ian.  9,  '65;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
White,  Geo.  R.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  21 ;  killed  inaction  June  30,    02,  White  Oak  Swamp, 

Va. 


418  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

White,  John  E.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Mar.  17,  '62;  22;  deserted;  never  joined  for  duty. 

White,  Henry,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  1,  '62;  31;  sub.  James  Smith. 

White,  John  A.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  19,  '61;  19;  disch.  disa.  July  31,  '62. 

White,  John  H.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61;  24;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  21,  '62. 

White,  Joseph  A.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  3,  '63;  42;  sub.  John  Kimball;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan.  14, 

'64;  died  Mar.  11,  '64,  Washington,  D.C. 
White,  John  J.,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  33;  N.F.R.;  see  Co.  A  11  Mass.  Inf. 
White,  N.  A.,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  19,  '61;  23;  N.M.;  see  Co.  K  33  regt. 
White,  Wm.,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  4,  '63;  29;  sub.  Henry  J.  Dunstion;  transf.  to  20  M.V.  Jan. 

14,   '64. 
Whitelaw,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  June  13,  '64;  23;  sub.  C.  Shepperd;  N.F.R. 
Whitney,  Walter  H.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  30,  '61 ;  21 ;  N.F.R. 

Whittemore,  Wm.  H.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  6,  '61;  27;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  9,  '62;  see  U.S.N,  book  2.5. 
Whitten,  Benj.  E.,  priv.,  (C),  Sept.  1,  '62;  27;  w'n'd  June  13,  '62;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wiggin,  James  B.,  priv.,  (—),  Aug.  13, '61; 23; re-en.  Dec.  21, '63; died  June  3, '65,  Tamworth, 

N.  H.  T! 

Wildes,  John,  priv.,  (C),  July  26,  '61;  19;  died  Nov.  5,  '62,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Wiley,  Moses,  priv.,  (C),  Aug.  25,  '61;  26;  disch.  disa.  Aug.  — ,  '62. 
Willard,  Josiah  N.,  assist,  surg.,  (F  and  G),  Aug.  3,  '61;  25;  surg.  1st  N.H.  Nov.  10,  '62. 
Willard,  PersoDy  S.,  priv.,  (G),  Mar.  29,  64;  39;  pris.  of  war  since  June  22,  '64;  "Willard  L 

Pearson?" 
Williams,  Cornelius  F.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  19,  '61;  18;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  9,  '62. 
Williams,  Edward,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  8,  '62;  40;  w'n'd  May  12,  '64;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O. 

June  30,  '65. 
Williams,  Frank,  priv.,  (G),  May  14,  '64;  21;  sub.  L.  N.  Lloyd;  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  not 

since  heard  from. 
Williams,  Geo.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  1,'62;  24;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  Geo.,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  24;  sub.  Henry  Clark;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  James,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  31,  '64;  25;  abs.  pris.  since  Oct.  27,  '64;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  John,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  3,  '63;  35;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  John,  1st,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  3, '63;  31;  sub.  C.  C.  Rogers;  deserted  Aug.  16,  '63  at 

Morrisville,  Va. 
Williams,  John,  2nd,  priv.,  (I),  Jan.  26^ '64;  23;  deserted  |Jan.  9,  '65  from  camp,  Munson's 

Hill,  Va. 
Williams,  John  A.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  John  F.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '62;  21;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  Patrick,  priv.,  (— ),  July  31,  '63;  23;  sub.;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  Robert,  priv.,  (K),  Aug.  13,  '61;  25;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  transf.  to  V.R.C.;  disch. 

Aug.  28,  '64. 
Williams,  Robert,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  14,  '64;  25;  N.F.R. 
Williams,  William,  priv.,  (C),  Jan.  18,  '65;  25;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Williston,  Walter  C,  priv.,  (I),  Aug.  20,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Dec.  13,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  14,  '63. 
Wilmot,  Benj.,  priv.,  (— ),  Mar.  23,  '64;  22;  N.F.R. 
Wilmot,  John  H.,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  9,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wiison,  Alexander,  priv.,  ( — ),  May  14,  '64;  18;  sub.  A.  W  Wilson. 
Wilson,  Chas.,  priv.,  (— ),  July  21,  '62 ;  21 ;  sub.  William  Maxim. 

Wilson,  Conrad,  priv.,  (C),  May  25,  '64;  29;  sub.  N.  B.  Snow;  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  cap- 
tured Jerusalem  Plank  Road ;  N.F.R. 
Wilson,  Geo.,  priv.,  (— ),  Feb.  17,  '64;  23;  N.F.R. 

Wilson,  James,  priv.,  (I),  May  19,  '64;  37;  sub.  James  Tucker;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64. 
Wilson,  James  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wilson,  John,  priv.,  (H),  May  19,  '64;  40;  sub.;  abs.  pris.  since  June  22,  '64;  not  heard  from 

since. 
Wilson,  Thos.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  30,  '62;  26;  N.M. 
Wilson,  Wm.,  priv.,  (B),  Feb.  26,  '62;  24;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wilson,  Wm.,  priv.,  (C),  Nov.  15,  '64;  19;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 


ROSTER.  419 

Wilson,  Wm.  H.,  capt.,  (H),  July  26,  '61;  25;  resigned  Nov.  14,  '61. 

Winslow,  Ezra  D.,  chap.,  (F  and  G),  Dec.  1,  '61;  disch.  disa.  Dec.  12,  '62. 

Winthrop,  Thos.  F.,  priv.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  19;  M.O.  as  1st  Lieut.  Oct.  9,  '64. 

Wolff,  Sedliz,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  3,  '63;  21;  sub.  M.  R.  Pollard,  Jr.,  deserted  Aug.  16,  '63  at 

Morrisville.Va. 
Wood,  Benj.  F.,  priv.,  (— ),  Jan.  2,  '65;  18;  died  Feb.  11,  '65  in  Hosp. 
Wood,  Geo.,  priv.,  (G),  July  27,  '63;  31;  drafted;  transf.  to  V.R.C.  Sept.  3,  '63;  disch.  from 

Co.  C  18  V.R.C.  July  26,  '65. 
Wood,  John,  priv.,.(— ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  23;  N.F.R. 
Wood,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  5,  '62;  22;  N.F.R. 
Wood,  John  H„  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  23,  '61;  18;  N.M. 
Woodden,  Wm.,  priv.,  (— ),  Dec.  2,  '62;  21;  N.F.R. 

Woodman,  Geo.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  disch.  Feb.  5,  '64;  see  V.R.C. 
Woodman,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61 ;  27 ;  dropped  Oct.  13,  '62. 
Woodruff,  Aaron,  priv.,  (H),  June  24,  '65;  32;|M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Woodruff,  James  F.,  priv.,  (K),  Jan.  14,  '64;  27;  w'n'd;  transf.  1st  Co.  S.S.;  re-en.  Dec.  21, 

'63;  M.O.  June  30,  '65. 
Wooffindale,  Levi,  priv.,  (G),  Aug.  23,  '61;  29;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,  '63;  pris. 

June  22,  '64;  died  Florence,  S.  C.  prison;  date  unknown. 
Wright,  Chas.  H.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  27,  '61;  20;  w'n'd  June  30,  '62;  disch.  disa.  Feb.  4,  '63. 
Wright,  Geo.,  priv.,  (E),  July  25,  '61 ;  40;  disch.  f or  w 'ndsjMar.  23,  '63. 
Wright,  Thos.,  priv.,  (K),  May  19,  '64;  21;  sub.  N.  Johnson;  deserted  Mar.  1,  '64  while  on 

furlough. 
Wright,  Wm.,  priv.,  (H),  Aug.  27,  '61 ;  21 ;  killed  in  action  Co.  D  Sept.  17,  '62. 
Wright,  Wm.,  priv.,  (D),  Aug.  10,  '62;  42;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  2,  '63. 
Wszelaki,  Albert,  priv.,  (A),  Mar.  25,  '64;  22;  pris.  from  June  22,  '64,  to  Apr.  8,  '65;  disch. 

July  29,  '65. 

York,  Alfred  J.,  priv.,  (D),  Feb.  10,  '62;  19;  disch.  disa.  Oct.  24,  '62;  see  A  4th  Cav. 

Young,  Chas.  F.,  priv.,  (— ),  Apr.  4,  '64;  28;  N.F.R. 

Young,  John,  priv.,  (— ),  Aug.  1,  '63;  23;  sub.  P.  G.  Ward;  N.F.R. 

Young,  Joseph  A.,  priv.,  (K),  Oct.  29,  '62;  36;  transf.  from  1st  Co.  S.S.;  disch.  Sept.  2,  '64 

as  of  1st  Co.  S.S.  (per  disch.  paper)  probably  did  not  serve  in  19th. 
Young,  Wm.,  priv.,  (D),  July  25,  '61 ;  28;  died  of  w'nds  July  7,  '63,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
Young,  Wm.,  corp.,  (A),  July  26,  '61 ;  33 ;  w 'n  d  Sept.  17,  '62 ;  disch.  disa.  Mar.  19,  '63. 
Younger,  Morris  Bell,  priv.,  ( — ),  Aug.  12,  '61 ;  19;  see  Co.  G  17  Mass.;  did  not  serve  in  19th. 
Younger,  Stephen  J.,  priv.,  (H),  Dec.  1,  '61;  18;  w'n'd  Sept.  17,  '62;  re-en.  Dec.  21,   '63; 

M.O.  June  30,  '65. 

Zeh,  Christian,  priv.,  (E),  Feb.  18,  '65;  38;  M.O.  June  30,  .'65. 
Zimmerman,  Frederick,  priv.,  (G),  June  5,  '65;  23;  M.O.  June  30,  '65, 


INDEX. 


.1,  6,  8,  79,  111,  112,  121,  148, 


.21,  30,  32,  33,  34,  60,  270,  300, 


Abbott,  Charles  P 

Abbott,    H.  L.,  Major 

Abraham,   Charles, 

Achason,   Johnson,  .  .  

Adams,  Benjamin  F., 

Adams,  Isaac  N 

Adams,  J.  G.  B.,  98,  111,  114,  116,  130,  142,  152,  176,  180,  181,  182, 

216,  232,  249,  258,  262,  282,  299,  309,  326,  332,  334,  356,  365 
Adams,  Sanford  B.,.  .  .... 

Anderson,   John   W.,    .  .- .  .  

Anderson,  William,  . 
Andersonville  Prison, 
Andrews,  Charles  E., . 
Andrew,  Gov.  John  A., 
Andrews,    Reuben, . 
Andrews,    William    A., . 

Andrew  Sharpshooters 

Angle,     The     Bloody, . 

Antietam,     Md 

Antietam,  Md.,  Battle  of, 

Antietam    Creek,  Md.  , . 

Aldie  Gap, 

Alley,  Charles  A., 

Allen,   George  W.,. 

Allen,  Henry  M., 

Allen,    James, 

Allen,  John, ... 

Alexandria,  Va., . 

Allen  's   Farm, ... 

Arnold,  Marcus  P., . 

Armitage,    Stephen, . 

Armstrong,    Hugh, . 

Army  of  the  Potomac, . 

Army  of  Virginia, ... 

Appomattox  Court  House, . 

Aqueduct     Bridge, .  .  . 

Aquia  Creek, 

Ash,  David  IV, .  .  . 

Atkens,  Benjamin  H., . 

Atlantic    Transport,. 

Auburn,  Va., . 

Axe  Handle  Brigade, 

Aytoun,  James  F.,  . 

Badges,  Corps,  brigade,  regimental, . 
Bailey,  Warren  K.,.  -  • 

Bailey,   William    H.,     .  . 


152, 


193, 


.119,  120, 


290,  352, 


PAGE 

192,  201 

301 

291 

.248,  286 

.329,  348 

143 

197,  201, 

340 

.  .      249 

330 

337 

107 

199,  246 

,  .      104 

107 

319,  353 

.307,  308 

.  .  .      126 

.133-146 

130 

215 

285 

186 

330 

286 

340 

120 

98 

.  .  .      353 

.  163,  248 

293 

55 

119 

363 

122 

160,  213 

.83,  103 

.249,  262 

119 

.267,  273 

37 

353,  356 

211 
106 

249 


(421) 


422         THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Bailey's   Cross   Roads,    Va 363,364,367 

Baker,    Colonel, 21,  22,  31 

Baldwin,  Joseph, ... 103 

Ball,  George  H.  A "       146,  194 

Balls  Bluff 20,  30,  31,  33,  35,  43,  126,  216 

Banet  's  Ferry, .  .  .  .  .  ....        116 

Barksdale's    Brigade, 165,  168,  205,  229 

Barnes,  Leonard  A., .  ..  ..  331,340 

Barnes,  Willliam, 291 

Barnesville,  Md., 217 

Barrett,  Daniel,  \  189 

Barrett,  James  N,  . .      292 

Barrett,  John 104,  102 

Barrows,    William    E 4,  227,  258,  261,  299,  334,  356,  365 

Barry,  Dennis, .  .  .  ....  .  .        106 

Barry,  Dennis  (E), .  143 

Barry,   George, 331 

Barry,  George  M., 4,8,50 

Barry,   John,  . .  144 

Barry,  John  (C),  141,  187 

Barry,  Martin, .  208 

Barter,  John 188 

Bartlett,  Edwin  R., .  284 

Bartlett,  Edward  S 187 

Bartlett,  William  A 249 

Bartley,    Frank 291 

Barton,  Peter 323 

Batchelder,  George  W.,.  .  .  .4,  7,  35,  5\,  64,  88,  93,  114,  118,  131,  141,  143,  151 

Batchelder,  George  W.,  (G),  .  .  145 

Batteries  Eleven  and  Twelve, .  .......      351 

Baxter,  Lieutenant  Colonel, .      ...  ....   167 

Baxter,  Samuel 4,  43,  51 

Beach,  Alexander,  .  . .  .    144 

Beadley,  Daniel, 323 

Bean,  Wesley  P 104 

Bean,  William  H.,  144,262 

Beatty,   James, 330,  348 

Beatty,  Richmond, 188 

Beal,  Henry  O.,      207 

Bealton   Station 263,266,274 

Becker,    Charles, 329 

Beckwith,  Lieutenant, .  .  .  .  30 

Belcher,  Charles,  Jr 330 

Bentley,  Noah 353 

Benton,  Camp 8,  16,  17,  18,  30,  31,  34,  36,  39,  43,  216 

Benedict,  James, . 290 

Bennett,  Octave, 352 

Berden,   John, .       .  .  .  .  .  .      .  .      331 

Berlin,    Va 256 

Berry,  Patrick 285,  324 

Berry  Hill,  Va 275,  289 

Berryville, ...      53 

Bestwick,  Ed., 353 

Billson,  Oliver 325 


INDEX.  423 

PAGE 

Bingham,   William   H ,        .  .        .  .  188 

Birney,  General 303 

Bishop,  Edward  P 5,  8,  18,  43,  64 

Bixby,   George  A., 332 

Bixby,   Matthias, .  236,  288,  323 

Bixby,  Moses  P., 106,  188 

Bixby,  Moses ...      286 

Blair,   William   B., 285 

Blaisdell,  Benjamin  F 324 

Blackburn's   Ford 273 

Blackington,  Lyman ...        .  .      . .  105 

Blake,  William, ...  329,  341 

Bloomfield,   Va., .  256 

Bradbum,   Martin 189 

Bradish,  Francis, .328,341 

Bradley,   Charles 285,  322 

Bradley,   George   Y 187 

Bradley,  Thomas  S 106,  187 

Brailey,  Edward  Z 51,153,187 

Brailey,  Henry 290 

Brandy  Station, . .      .265,  282 

Brann,  Charles 322 

Braslow,  William 187 

Breed,  George  E 248,  285,  322 

Bree,  George, 341 

Brennan,  Thomas 146 

Brestow,  Patrick 328 

Bridges,  Samuel  A 284,  328 

Bridges,  Thomas, 146,  262 

Briggs,  Oliver  F 4,50,112,114,119,151,198,258 

Brill,  Jacob, ...  328 

Brill,  John 286 

Bristoe  Station,   Va., - 269,  273,  289 

Broad  Run, :      272 

Brock  Road 303 

Broderick,  Michael, 329 

Brown,  Charles  (A),  290 

Brown,   Charles  A., 104,  249 

Brown,    Charles    Brooks, .    , .35,  104,  188,  312 

Brown,  C.  B.  (G), 107,180,322 

Brown,  George  '(A), 323 

Brown,  George  A.  (H) 186 

Brown,  James,  .  .         ■  •  331 

Brown,  J.  H.  (A) 324 

Brown,    James    P., .  ■  ■  352 

Bruce,  Augustus  W .  ■      -  ■  •    ■  •      18/ 

Bryan,  John, .  .  .  •  •      •  •       331 

Bryant,  D.  W., 106.  144 


Bode,   Henry, 


290 


Boker,  George  H.,  poem  on  Fredericksburg, .  185 

Bolivar  Heights, ■       52'  I50'  153 

Boonesboro,  Md 130,  136 

Booth,  James, .  106 

Borden,   (ieorge   B., 


285 


79 

Bottoms  Bridge, .  .  =  ,         


424         THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Bowler,  Henry, .       ..  ..  340,342 

Bowling  Green, ...  316 

Bowyer,    Harrison, .  ....                                ......          359 

Boyd,   Isaac  H.,  .4,  8,  43,  51,  191,  198,  257,  261,  290,  334,  356,  363 

Boyd,  Robert, ...  ....                                    330 

Boydton  Plank  Road, .  ..                                                          .351,361,362 

Boyle,  James  (I) 189,  290 

Boynton,     Charles, .  98 

Buchanan,  Archibald, .  ....  .288,  322 

Buchanan,    James, .  144,  153 

Buckley,    Cornelius, .  .  .   324 

Bull    Run,    first, .  .  .    273 

Burbank,  William, .  107,10 

Burgess,  George  N., .  .  .  .  .   286 

Burgess  House, .  .  360 

Burke,    Michael, ...  .  .  290 

Burkesville,  Vs., .  .........                         363 

Burkittsville, .  ....                    ....      255 

Burnham,   George,  .  .                                                  ....   293 

Burnham,   George  A.,  .  .  193 

Burns,  Brigadier  General, ...  .  .    .55,  117 

Burns,   Joseph,.  ..           ..                                                 .288,324 

Burnside,   Ambrose   E.,  Gen.,      ..           .126,  129,  130,  133,  15S,  164,   181,  199,  202 

Burray,  Daniel, .  .  .  .  .  290 

Burrill,  Richard, .  ..                   ....      285 

Butler,  William, .  104,  107 

Cain,  George  W., .  144,285,321 

Caldwell,   Randolph 188 

Callahan,  Dennis, .  106 

Callahan,    Timothy, .  ...  100,  108 

Callahan,   William, .  ...    106 

Callopy,  Michael,       .  .  .  .   288 

"Camp  Straw,"  17 

"Camp  Winfield  Scott," .  .  59 

"Candle   Eater,   The,"  257 

Carey,   Lawrence, .  146 

Carey,   Philip,  . .  291 

Carpenter,     John, .  IO3 

Carlton,   Daniel  W,       .  .  103 

Carlton,   David,  104 

Carlton,    Everett, .  ....  143 

Carlton,   George  B., ........  144 

Carleton,   Journal  Correspondent, ...  .  .  134 

Carr,   Hugh  J., .       .  .  .  ....  .26,  152,  188 

Carroll,  John,     .  .  ....  ....  105 

Carson,    Aaron, ...  .  .  .  .  106 

Case,  Harrison  E 105 

Cassidy,    Francis, ...  ....  .  .  143 

Catharpin  Road, .  306 

Catlett's  Station, .  .  .  .266,  268,  269 

Cavanaugh,  John, .  .  144,  286,  324 

Cedar  Hill,   Va., .  ....  .  .      71 

Cedar  Run, .  ...  ...  265,  267 

Cedar  Swamp  Creek,  .  .        93 

Cemetery  Ridge 225,  226,  228,  232 


INDEX.  425 

PAGE 

Centreville, 213,214,268,273,289 

Chadwick,  John  C 1,  3,  8,  26,  48,  50,  64,  83,  96,  103,  151,  168,  183,  201 

Chain    Bridge, .  .  .  .  .  120 

Chandler,    Frank, .  , 288 

Chandler,    Frederick, .  .  , . .      145 

Chaneellorsville  Campaign , 202,  208 

Charleston,    S.    C, . 337 

Charlestown,   W    Va., 52,153,154 

Chamberlain's  Brigade, .         .  .  229 

Chamberlain,  Charles  Jr., ...  .  .      ....      .  .   328 

Chase,    Augustus   S., ...  .  .      187 

Chase,  Samuel  D 353 

Chase,    Volney,    P 105 

Cheney,  George  A., 189 

Cheney,  John  A., .      ..        ..  144 

Chester  Gap, 256 

Chiconi,  Angelo .  103,  187,  323 

Chickahominy  Creek,  ..  ...       .71,  73,  84 

Chickahominy    River,...  ..  ..  .115,116,321 

Choate,   Elisha .  .  . .  .  .  .  .  .  .        323 

Chubbuck,' David  T.,  112,  152,  181,  182,  192,  200,  247,  248,  257,  261,  299,  332,  334 

City  Point,  Va., .  .  .  .  .  .  ...     345 

Claffey,  Thomas .  112,  119,  138,  151,  181,  186,  193,  201 

Clare,  James  P., .  .  .  ...  284 

Clark,  James,    ...  .  146,  329 

Clark,   James,   Sergt.,..        ..  .286,329 

Clark,    John   A 322 

Clarke,  Thomas, ...  331 

Clark,  William  H 163 

Clarksburg,  Md 127 

Clay,  George .  363 

Clements,  Charles  E., ....... .  .  .  .  .      .  .  .  .  187 

Clemment,  John 341 

"Clump  of  Trees,"  The, .  ..        ..  ....  ..  ...240,243 

Coffin,  Gorham .  143,  247 

Coffin,   John   G., 106 

Coggswell,    Colonel, 21,  23 

Colburn,  David  F 188 

Colby,  Eben, .  ....  .285 

Cold  Harbor, .     317 

Cole,   Rufus  H.,   Jr., .  144,  153 

Cole's  Hill ....  .275,  282,  298 

Collins,     George, ...  290 

Collins,   Peter  (G) 143 

Collins,  Samuel  E., .  .  .  103 

Collins,  Thomas  H.,  331 

Columbia,  S.  C .    .      .  337 

Connelly,  James,  .106,188 

Connelly,   Hugh, . 153 

Congdon,    John    P., 145,  3.52,  356 

Connolly,    Michael, .  240 

Connor,   Henry,  •    291 

Conrad,  Charles, 322 

Conrad's    Ferry .  .        17 

Conway,  Bernard, .  .106,323 


426  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Conway,  Patrick,        . .      331 

Copp,  David  G 291 

Corbett,  Jeremiah, .  .  .  .  .  •  .  .         .  .  145 

Corrigan,,  Daniel  (E), .  .  163,  248,  270,  286,  329 

Corrigan,  James, .  .  248,  288,  324 

Cook,  Charles, .  291 

Coombs,  James  A., ...  249 

Cooper,  James, ....  291 

Cooper  Shop,  The, 11 

Cooper,  Thomas, .       .  .  324 

Corps  of  Observation, 15,  17 

Cosgrove,  Joseph  W., 146 

Costello,  James  P., 104,  107 

Costello,  John  H 203 

Costello,  Thomas  F., 147,  321,  368 

Couch,   Darius  N., . .     156 

Cousins,  Erastus, .  286 

Covell,  Frank 322 

Crampton's  Gap,  Md„ 143 

Crane,  Clarence  P., 163,  286,  328 

Craig,  James  P., .  352 

Crawford,  Duncan 291 

Creasey,  Ronello  B ....  180,186 

Crofts,   Frederick 106,  111,  112,  114,  119,  152,  192 

Cronan,  Andrew 291 

Cronan,   Jere .  41 

Cronan,  Jeremiah  C 145 

Cronan,  John,   (G) 145 

Cronan,  Patrick 288 

Cronin,  Michael,  (E) 186 

Cronin,  Patrick 322 

Cronk,  Sidney 324 

Cromack,  Joseph  C. .  .  .  1,  10 

Cross,   Charles 325 

Crowley,   Bartholomew 146,  324 

Culpepper  263,204,265 

Culpepper,  Mine  Ford 280 

Cumberland,  Va. .       .  .  .  .  ....        71 

Curtis,  William  M 145,  284,  290,  295,  299,  332,  334,  356 

Cushing,  J.  P .  107,  108,  112 

Cushing's  Battery      ...    ., 239,  241 

Dabney's  Mills 360 

Dakin,  Charles  R 106 

Daley,    Daniel 292 

Daley,  James  P 104 

Dame,  Bernard ....  ......    321 

Dame,  Redford 34^ 

Damon,   Albert 241 

Dana,  N.J.  T.,  Brig.  Gen.,       51,55,57,58,86,110,117,134,142 

Danforth,  George, ...  1§7 

Danforth,  Jeremiah I44 

Danville,   N.    C, 337 

Darnestown,         . .      15   46 

Davis,  Edward  K., .  gj 

Davis,  John,     291 


INDEX.  427 

PAGE 

Dawson,  Jackson 208 

Dawson,  Thomas,       .  .      . .      290 

Dawes,  Redford 321 

Day,    Samuel    W., Igg 

Dean,    Charles, .  330,  348 

Deansfield,  John, .  .  .  .331,  341 

DeCastro,  Joseph  H., .  .  .  203,  241,  242,  246,  288,  35^,  368 

Deep  Bottom,  Va., .  343 

Deering,  John, 188 

Delaney,  William, .  105 

Delano,   Ezra, 331,341 

Delay,  Daniel, 144 

Dennett,    George 331 

Dennis,  William  P.  (H) 194 

Demon,  Hugh, .      .  .      106,  329 

Devens,  Colonel 23 

Devereux,  Arthur  F.,  1,  3,  4,  13,  14,  16,  20,  25,  35,  37,  40,  50,  58,  61,  97,  111,  118, 
121,  123,  124,  140,  143,  151,  191,  195,  198,  199,  201,  202,  203,  209,  210,  215, 
221,  222,  232,  236,  239,  241,  245,  247,  250,  254,  257,  260,  261,  264,  290,  295 
296,  297,  299 

Devereux,  Charles  U., 45,  97,  106,  118,  152,  183,  192,  201 

Devine,  Francis  W 291 

Dew,    George,       187 

Dike,  Lyman,  Col., 2 

Dillon,   Edward 291 

Dittmer,  William 331 

Dodge,  James  G.  C,  5,  S,  24,  25,  26,  28,  64,  73,  100,  112,  114,  122,  181,  182,  187, 
192,  210,  211,  222,  223,  247,  249,  258,  299,  334,  354 

Doer,   Stephen, 291 

Doherty,  Chief  Surgeon 76 

Doherty,  Edward,     106,  144 

Doherty,  Edward  C 291 

Doherty,  George, .  .  292 

Doherty,  James, 145 

Doherty,  John 146,  249,  265,  329 

Doherty,   Richard, 330,  348 

Donath,  Herman 90,  201,  208,  210,  216,  222,  242,  247,  250,  258 

Donovan,    John, 144 

Donovan,    Patrick, 324 

Douglas,    Albert    C, 45,  163 

Douglas,  John  E 188 

Doyle,     Edward, 147 

Doyle,   James, 324 

Doyle,  Nicholas, 352 

Doyle,    Thomas, 248 

Doyle,    William, 330 

Dow,  Abraham,        280,  323 

Dow,  Reuben  B.,  291 

Dow,    Thomas   A 291 

Dow,  William, .291 

Driscoll,  John  P., .  .  .    329 

Driver,  Samuel ....  .  .  ...  146,  323 

Driver,  William  R.,  45,  104.  Ill,  119,  147,  152,  192,  299,  334,  344 

Dudley,  Ezra  S..  186 

Duncan,   John,   M.  ■  ...  292 


428 


THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 


PAGE 

Dunn,     James, ..       .291,323,328 

Dunn,   Patrick, .  ....  .  106,  187 

Dunn,   Philip ..  ...145,286 

Dunn,   Moncena,   4,  7,  51,  64,  181,  182,  187,  192,  200,  210,  257,  261,  294,  295,  299, 
300,  318,  324,  327,  332,  334,  356,  359 

Dunham,  Hallowell  R ..  ..  .144,153 

Dunker  Church,  Md„  .  .133,134,135 

Dumfries,  Va., .  213 

Duran,  David  (K), .  58 

Dyer,   J.   Franklin,  .1,  4,  8,  16,  49,  112,  193,  295,  333 


Eacott,  Henry 

Eagan,  John  (G), .     . 

Eastman,  Robert  II., . 

Eayers,   Winslow   P., . 

Eckelman,    James, . 

Edward's  Ferry, 

Edwards,   Charles, 

Edwards,    William  . 

Edwards,  William  P., 

Eighth  Regiment, .  . 

Eighteenth   Mississippi, . 

Eighth  Virginia  Regiment,.  .  . 

Eighty-Second  New  York  Regiment, .  .  . 

Eldridge,  James, . 

Eleventh   Maine   Regiment, . 

Ellers,   Heindrick 

Ellery,    William, 

Elliot,  William, 

Ellis,  Alfred 

Ellsworth,    Milton, . 

Eltham,  Va 

Ely 's   Ford 

Embler,  Capt.  A.  Henry, . 
Estes,  William  P.  R., .  .  . 
Evans,    General, . 
Ewell,   General, 

Fair  Oaks,   Va., . 

Fairfax  Court  House, . 

Fairfax   Station, . 

Fall,   Patrick, 

Falls,  Benjamin  F., 

Fallen,   Owen, . 

Falling  Waters, .  .... 

Falmouth,  Va., 

Fane,  William,  .  . 

Farmville,  Va., . 

Farren,  Frank, . 

Farren,    John, . 

Farrell,  George, 

Farrell,   James, . 

Farrington,  Henry  C, 

Fayetteville, 

Farnham,  William, . 

Fee,  William, 


....  105 

.  107,  188 

291 

291 

291 

.16,  17,  18,  21,  30,  31,  213,  216 

..       ..  ...330,341 

248 

.285,  329,  348 

.1,  3,  11,  38 

30 

30 

..       .300,327 

.    . .  291 

360 

.  .      341 

. .       . .      249 

359 

322 

.269,    285,  328 

....  71 

....  303 

350 

.248,  328 

28 

225 

.74,  75,  79,  86 

122 

....  213 

....  322 

.  174,  246,  282,  284,  305,  308,  322,  354,  368 

.  .    331 

256 

.  156,  159,  195,  289 

331 

362 

...  331 

...      291 

341 

...  286,  323 

.  .       . .      188 

267 

330,  348 

322 


INDEX. 


429 


PAGE 
Fellows,   Horatio,.  .288,322 

Ferguson,    Charles, .  292 

Ferguson,  J.  Q.  A., .  ....  187 

Ferris,  John  J.,  201,  202,  216,  222,  247,  248,  258,  261,  264,  271,  299,  312,  322,  354 

Fifteenth  Mass.  Regiment 16,  22,  196,  162,  217,  298,  299,  327,  333 

Fifty-Ninth  New  York  Regiment,  .115,  120,  159,  269,  270,  299,  327,  362 

Filley,    Charles   C, 359 

Finnegan,   Patrick  ....  341 

First  Battalion  of  Rifles, .  ....  .  .  1 

First  California  Regiment, .  .  .  ...  22 

First  Minnesota  Regiment,  .32,  123,  124,  136,  138,  232,  237,  255,  270 

Fisher,  John, ....  ....  .  .      291 

Fisher,  William  B., .  145 

Fitz,    Henry, ...  188 

Fitzgerald,   Edward,  .    104 

Fitzgerald,  John, .  293 

Fitzgerald,   Patrick,  .248,  288,   328 

Flannigan,  James, .  .  .  ...  144,  323 

Flat   Run   Church, .  .275 

Fletcher,   Edward,.  ...  .         .         .       .  .282,310 

Fletcher,  James, ...  39 

Fletcher,  Mrs., .  .  .  39 

Fletcher,  William  E., .  ...  285,  328,  359 

Flinn,    Patrick,.  331 

Flint  Hill  Road, .  123 

Flynn,    Richard,.  188 

Fogg,  B.  E., .  106,  145 

Fontain,  Andrew  (D), ... .  ,  58 

Ford,  James, 189 

Ford,  Patrick, .  ...  .......  248 

Fort  Emory,  ....  ...  ....  .  354,  357 

Fort   Rice,.  .  .  351 

Fort  Steadman,.    ..  ..  ..  .353,360 

Forty-Second  New  York  Regiment,   16,  39,  115,  120,  136,  206,  230,  234,  236,  239, 
240,  241,  245,  299,  327 

Fortress  Monroe .54,  92,  116,  119 

Forty-Seventh  North  Carolina  Regiment, .  352 

Foss,  John  C, .  .  .  ....      143 

Foss,  John  L 143 

Foster,    Job,.       ...  ...  330,  34 S 

Foster,  R.  R .94,  181,  203,  218,  283,  2X5 

Fourteenth  Connecticut  Regiment,.  316 

Fourteenth   Massachusetts   Regiment,.  2,  3 

Fowler,  John  F., 248 

Francis,  George  F„ .    .     .  ,  •  352 

Franklin's  Division  07,  70,  16-1,  177,  17s 

Franklin,   George   10., .  353 

Frederic    City,    M.!.,.  126,127,217,255 

Fredericksburg,    Ya.,  159,  161,  203,  205,  2(17,  2S!>,  363 

French,    ( icncral, .  177,  1 78,  1711 

Frey,    Joseph, .  ' 2!)  1 

Fuller,  Henry  C.,  291 

Gahagin,    Michael 291 

Gaines     Mills,  84 

Gainesville, 273 


430         THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Gallagher,   John   W .  .  291 

Gamble,  Robert  J., .  .  329 

Gardner,   William ...........  .--..-..  106,  145,  193 

Garfield,  Joseph  (K), ... 306,323 

Gately,  James, .  104 

George,  Wallace  T .      183 

Georgetown, 122 

Germania  Ford,  Va., .  .  .        .  .      .  .  .  .      .  .     275 

Germantown, .  .  .  .      .  .  122 

Gettysburg,  Pa 289 

Gettysburg  Campaign, .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . .  .213    to    254 

Gibbon,   Gen.  John, ..  .  200,217,221,229,233,239,321,327 

Gibbons,  Willam,  ..  248,286 

Gifford,  Joseph  S., .  .  .  145 

Gilbert,  Delos 331 

Gillespie,  Patrick, 323 

Glendale,  Battle  of 92,  93,  98,  99 

Gloucester,  Va., .  .  59 

"Goaks,"     .  .  198 

Goarout,  Doffles, 330 

Goff,  Edward  H., , 323 

Golden,  Edward,         ,  , .  .  .  323,  329 

Gooch,  Charles, .      .  . 363 

Goodhue,  Alexander, .  ........  331 

Goodnow,  Samuel 290 

Goodrich,   William   H 144 

Goodwin,  Andrew, . .  .  . . 248 

Goodwin,  George  F., . 193 

Gorey,  Mark, .      .  .  .........    . .      .  288,  358 

Gorman,   Brigadier  General 31,   32,  55,  117,  134 

Gormley,  James, . .    .  .         .  .  , ., .  .       .  .  329 

Gormley,    Terrence 248,  286 

Goose  Creek ...      32 

Great  Falls 46 

Grape  Vine  (Bridge 72,  74,  75 

Grant,  Alexander, ,  .         . 143 

Grant,   Augustus, .  .  .    .  .  103 

Grant,  U.  S.  Major  General, .  115,  321,  365 

Grau,  Jacob 104,  119 

Graves,  Horace,        . . . .  143 

Gravelly  Run ,  . .  .  357 

Greeley,  A.  W., , 144 

Greene,  Asa  W,  .    .    . .  208 

Green,  Andrew  P ........' . .      . .  .  291 

Greenleaf,  Albert  H., 285,  323 

Greenwich, 273 

Grey,  Mark .  188 

Grieve,  Thomas .  .      .  107,  119 

Grover,  General, .       .  .       .  .  . ....  .  .      95 

Guilford,   Joseph   A., .      . .       . .      .  .  .      .  .    . , ...  .  .      186 

Guilfoyle,  Dennis,     .  .       .  .  .  . .  .      .  .  106 

Guinan,  P.  R., . . 100,  107 

Gum  Springs,  Va., ...  ...      .  215 

Hagan,  John 331,  348 


INDEX.  431 

PAGE 

Hagedon,  Henry,  .  .  .  292 

Hagerstown  Turnpike,  Md., .  .135,139 

Hagerty,  Patrick, .  .  ...  104,  186 

Hale,   Henry  A.,  4,  5,  7,  25,  30,  43,  02,  112,  114,  141,  144,  151,  191,  195,  198,  200, 
257,  261,  299,  324,  334,  344 

Haley,  Charles  A., .  .  .       .  .  146 

Hall,  Benjamin  F .  .  .  .      285 

Hall's  Brigade, 205,  241,  246 

Hall,  Charles  A., 146 

Hall,    Ephriam   A.,    Jr ..       .51,152,192,258,261,276,299 

Hall,   Gen.   Norman   ,1.  ...  158,  185,  233,  239,  247 

Hall,  Samuel  A ....  143 

Hall,    Thomas ....  ...  323,  329 

Halleck,  Major  General,.  .  .  ...  .114,  115 

Ham,  George  B., 249 

Ham,  George  P., 262 

291 

.55,  118 


Hamilton,  William,  ... 

Hampton,  Va., 

Hancock,  General,  177,  178,  209,  213,  215,  223,  225,  226,  229,  230,  239,  242,  321,  357 

222 

331 

108 

.  .  107 

. .  152 


"Hancock's   Night   Walkers"    .. 

Haney,    William 

Hapgood,  J 

Hapgood,  Oliver 

Hardy,     Patrick 

Harper's  Ferry 51,150,256 

Harper,     Robert 104 

Harrington,  Charles 353 

Harrington,  Timothy 188 

Harris,  Charles 291 

Harris,  Mark  A 144 

Harris,  Sergt .  .  18,  29 

Harris,  Seth  M .  .  145 

Harrison,  James   M 292 

Harrison's  Island .  17,  20,  21,  25 

Harrison 's  .Landing, .  ....  ..       .102,109,113,114,115 

Harrow,  General ....  .  .  233,  246 

Hartsuff,  Brigadier  General.       .  .  .  .  142 

Harvey,  James 329 

Harvey,    Daniel    P..       ..  107,108 

Harvey,   Patrick.  ....  249 

Harvey,     Patrick    W .288,824 

Haskens,   Edward 331 

Hastings,   Horace 300 

Hatcher's   Run.  .357,360 

Hawes,  Steven 2.S6 

Hayes,   Gen.   Alexander.  ..       ..  .216,242,246,269 

Hayes,  James  J..  .  .  •  .        143 

Hayes,   John   W .219,288,324 

llaymarket,    Va -213,  215 

Hays,    William,   Gen 357 

llayw 1,   William        329 

Hazard,   Lieut.  Jeff.  63,245 

Hazen,   Charles   K.  ....       145 

Hazen,   Jacob   T..  ...14  1,150 

Heath,  James  .  .  HO 


432 


THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 


Heath,  James  H. . 
Heffron,  Wiliam 
Heill,  Frank.  ..       . 

Heintzelman,  General .  . 
Hendley,  Robert . 

Henry,  John  N 

Hervey,  Joseph  H. 
Higginson,  James .  . 
Hill,  John  (A)       .... 

Hill,   John   E 

Hill,  William  A. 
Hill,  Joseph ... 

Hill,  Thomas 

Hills,   Charles   K.  . 

Hillsboro,  Va 

Hilton,  Henry. 

Hine,   J.  M.. 

Hines,  Henry 


PAGE 
.  146,  285 

286 

292 

57 

107 

.107,  108 

.247,  250 

322 

..      324 


124 

.45,  64,  151,  334,  196,  222,  241,  257,  261,  299 

...      348 

329 

286 

.  156,  256 

363 
....  . .  43 

.249,324 

Hinks,  Edward  W.,  1,  4,  6,  7,  9,  12,  13,  14,  16,  18,  20,  23,  25,  26,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32, 

:    36,  37,  38,  41,  49,  50,  51,  53,  70,  78,  79,  82,  83,  93,  97,  106,  112,  114,  118,  121, 

123,  126,  134,  135,  137,  138,  139,  140,  143,  147,  148,  191,  198,  201,  222,  296,  321 

Hinks,    Elisha    A.,    4,  50,  79,  112,  141,  144,  151,  163,  170,  187,  192,  198,  201,  261, 

299,  319,  324,  334,  352 

Hitchcock,  Dr.  Alfred 148 

Hitchcock,  Simon  D., .  ■  •  145 

Hodges,  John  Jr., .4,  7,  12,  35,  79,  112 

Hodgkins,    Joseph    E .189,288,320,327,338,356,358,362 

Hogan,  John 104,  119 

Hogan,   Michael, .....  291 

Hogan.    Stephen .    331,  341 

Holland,  Daniel 248 

Hollister,  James  W., 103 

Holligan,    Michael ...  292 

Holmes,  Wm.  W.,  . .  . .  .  ....  143 

Homans,  Thomas   B.,  .  .  288 

Homer,   Henry  A., .  .  .  ■  •  365 

Hooker,  Joseph,  General,  80,  131,  133,  134,  142,  164,  177,  178,  195,  199,  200,  211, 

212,    213,    316 
Hopkinson,   William, ...  ......  324 

Horstman,    Alfred ....      292 

Hovey,    Samuel    D .  .  .  5,  43 

Howard,  Daniel  P 186 

Howard,  Gen.  O.  O.,   123,  124,  134,  139,  158,  161,  172,  177,  178,  179,  185,  196,  225 
Howe,  Frank  E., .       ..  ..  ..  ..  ..  11 

Howe,   Henry   J.,    1,  3,  4,  14,  16,  21,  32,  34,  35,  49,  50,  77,  83,  90,  97,  99,  105,  112 

Howe,  John  C,  ....  146,  286 

Howe,  W.  C.  M.,.  ....  ..43 

Hoyt,    Daniel,...  ...331,    341 

Hoyt,    John    L., .  248 

Hoyt,  William  H, .  ,  .  ....      249 

Hubner,   Fred  W., .  ...  291 

Hudson,  Charles,  ....  186 

Hudson,  Jonathan, ....      99,  105 

Hutchings,  A.  Frank, ....  45,  188 


INDEX. 


433 


PAGE 

Hull,    John, .  103 

Hume,    Lysander,     43,   65,  66,  88,  105,  118,  152,  180,  182,  189,  193,  200,  223,  258, 
295,  299,  302,326,  332,  334,  356,  365 

Humphrey,  General ...  229,  230,  357,  360 

Hunt,     Philip, . 291 

Hunter,  Frank .  119 

Hunter,   John   W., 189 

Hurley,   Patrick  (E), 143 


Ice  Grove, . 
Ingalls,    John, . 
Irish  Brigade, . 

Jackson,  Stonewall, .  . 
Jacobs,    Andrew    G., . 
Jacobs,  Andrew  S., . 
James,   Joseph   C, .  .  . 

James  River 

Jellison,  Benjamin  H., 
Jellison,  Samuel  C, .  .  . 
Jellison,  David  B., . 
Jenifer,   Colonel, . 
Jenkins,    Albert    M., 
Jenkins,    Charles   F., .  . 
Jennings,    Henry   G., .  . 
Jerusalem  Plank  Road, 
Jettsville,  Va., .      ... 
Jewett,  D.  J.  M.  A.,      . 
Johnson,    Charles   A., . 

Johnson,  George 

Johnson,  Giles  D.  W., . 
Johnson,  Henry, ... 
Johnson,  Loring, ... 
Johnson,  Peter, . 
Johnson,   President, . 
Johnson,    William, . 
Johnston,  General, ... 
Johnston,  Robert  A., .  .  . 
Johonnot,  Darius, .      . 
Jones,  George, . 
Joy,   Edward, 
Jordan,    John, . 
Jordan,  John  F., .  .  . 
Jordan,  Nathaniel  B., . 

Kearney,  Gen.  Phil.,. 
Keedysville,  Md., .  . 
Kelley,  James, . 
Kelly,  Luke  (G), . 
Kelly,  Michael, . 
Kelly,  Patrick  (F1, . 
Kelly,   Thomas,    ((',)  . 
Kelly,  William,. 
Kelley,  William  B.,. 
Kelley  s    V,,n\,. 
Kelty,     Eugene. 
Kendall,    .ln°~.ph    I..,. 


.86,93, 
.  83,  104,  232,  236,  243,  246,  285,  324,  354, 


.183,  189,  231,  288, 
.249, 

284, 


.330, 
.364, 


.330, 


..  .330, 

.  187,  286, 


107, 


263, 
.5,  < 


315 

345 

91 

139 
105 
107 
145 
321 
368 
105 
144 
128 
331 
106 
324 
326 
363 
356 
262 
330 
328 
127 
324 
348 
365 
292 
74 
341 
285 
292 
348 
104 
291 
146 

99 
130 

3  28 
107 
32S 
193 
219 
329 
292 
271 
',  -13 
4 


434  THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Kendall,  Joshua, 286 

Kennedy,  Peter, 292 

Kenney,  Enoch  C, 286 

Kenney,  Michael 292 

Kent,   George 330 

Kent,  James  A 187 

Kent,   James   G 144,  187 

Kent.  Sewell  S 147 

Kimball,  Colonel, 137,  148 

Kimball,  Marcus, 208,  328 

King,    Rodney, 292 

Knapp,  William  D 200,  258,  265,  290 

Knights,  Nelson    E., 145,  188,  288,  292,  323,  328 

Knox,  Charles  B., 104,  107,  108 

Koppitz,  Charles 363 

Krantz,    Earnest, 330,  348 

Lacy  House, 164,  202,  203,  209 

Landron  House       308,  309 

Lander  Camp, .         ...  44 

Lander,  Gen.  Frederick  W 15,  21,  31,  33,  34,  35 

Lamb,   George, 189,  324 

Lambert,  William  H., 329 

Lapstone  Light  Infantry, 45 

Larrabee,    Gustavus,    .  .  107 

Larouche,   John, 292 

Laurel  Hill, ...  315 

Lavey,  Thomas, 331 

Law,  Major  General  E.  M.  (C.S.A.), .    .., 313 

Leach,    Edward, .  .      143 

Leach,  Frank  B 104,  108 

Leahy,   Thomas, 188 

Leary,    Timothy, .  144,  286 

LeBaines,  Lieutenant 30 

LeCain,  William  H ...5,8,20,43 

Lee,    Colonel 21,  23,  35,  148 

Lee,   David .4,8,98,105,112 


Lee,  Henry, . 

Lee,  John 

Lee,  S.  S 

Leesboro, 
Lees  Mills, .  .  . 
Leesburg, 
Leonard,    Michael, 
Leonard,    William, 


286 

286,329,348,359 

352 

15 

58 

28,  31,  156 

145 

325 

Levoin,   Charles, . .  .   341 

Lewis  Farm,  Va., 73 

Liberty,  Md., . .      221 

Libby,  Joseph, .  249,  288,  356 

Libby  Prison 334,  348 

Lillie,  Albert  S., .  10g 

Lincoln,    Abraham, H2   200 

Linnehan,      Cornelius, 236   286 

Lithead,  George, I45 

Little,  Moses  C, .  igg 

Little   Round   Top,      225   226 


INDEX.  435 

PAGE 

Littlefield,  Moses  R., . .      ......  285 

Lobskause ...        18 

Logan,  Jeremiah,         . 144 

Longstreet,  General, ...    183 

Lopez,  Frank 292 

Lord,  James  H., 89,  285 

Loveland,  Nathaniel 104 

Lucius,  Jeremiah, .    . .  . 292 

Lucy,  George, .      105 

Ludlow,  James, .         341 

Lummus,  Benjamin,     . . 203,  329 

Lurvey,  James  T., 4,  8,  50 

Lyford,   John, 331 

Lynch,  Charles 292 

Lynch,  James, 292 

Lynchburg,  Va., 337 

Lyons,  Martin 143 

Mace,  George, .95,  105 

Mack,  John, 292 

Mack,  Thomas 290 

Mackin,  Francis, ....:...    331 

Macon,  Ga 337 

Maguire,  Edward . .      ...      105 

Mahnitz,  Adolph, 265,  285 

Mahoney,    Andrew,    1,  2,  4,  7,  170,  181,  182,  188,  192,  199,  200,  201,  223,  231,  258 

Mahoney,    D 352 

Mahoney,  Ed.  (E) 203 

Maley,    Richard, .  106 

Mallon,    Colonel .230,  239,  240,  252,  271 

Maloney,  Edward 152,  270 

Maloney,    Edwin   C, ,  286 

Malvern  Hill, ... 93,  98,  99,  114 

Manchester,  Va ,  . .  , .  .    337 

Mann,   John , .....  107,  249 

Manning,    Peter, . 100 

Manning,    Thomas    P., . 163,  276 

Mansfield,  Brigadier  General, .  6,  131,  142 

Mansur,  Elijah  E.  H., .       .  . 329 

Marblehead,   gunboat, .      69 

Marshall,  Joseph,  .  .       .  .    145 

Marshall,  Robert, ... 145 

Marshall,   William ...        292 

Marston,  Charles  E. . , . 284 

Martin,  Henry  K .  96,  144 

Martin,  Frederic, . . .    107 

Marye's   Heights,    Va., 160,  177,  183,  202,  204.  205 

Mason,  Joseph, .  107 

Matthews,  Charles, 292 

Mattieson,    Henry, .... 293 

Matto,  Frank, •  •      353 

May,  William  B 10 

MoAllen,  Robert, 331 

McAlpine,  Francis, . 3 — 

McCallom,    James, 189 


436 


THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 


.55,  57,  59,  64,  65,  66,  67,  76,  78,  110,  115,  126,  133 


McCammon,  John, .  . 

McCann,   John, .    ... 

McCarthy,  Charles, .  .  . 

McCarty,  Florence, . 

McCarty,  James,  (G). 

McCarty,  John  (G), . 

McCaul,  John, . 

McClellan,  G.  B.,  Gen 

"McClellan's  Cakes," 

McCracken,   William, . 

McCrillis,   Lewis, .  .  . 

McCue,  Michael,. 

McDavitt,  Charles, . 

McDonald,    Benjamin, 

McDonald,  Charles, .... 

McGee,  Michael, . 

McGinnis,   William  A.,   36,  37,  38,  141,  146,  170,  221,  236 

321,  332,  334,  338  356,  359 
McGivern,    "Paddy," 

McGuckin,    James, ...  

McKane,   John,      ....  ... 

McKay,  First  Lieutenant,     .  .  

McKenna,   Edward, .  ... 

McKenna,    Francis, . 
McKenna,   George, .  . 

McKenna,   William   A., .  

McKenney,  William  A., . 

McKenzie,  John, ...  .... 

McLaughlin,  James  (G),. 

McLaws,  General,  report  on  Fredericksburg, 

McMahon,     James, . 

McMahon,  John, . 

McManus,   John, .  .... 

McMorrow,.  John, .  .. 
McNally,  James, ... 
McNamara,  M.  A., . 

McNeal,  D.  F., .  .  .  

McPartland,  Hugh,  

McReady,  Stephen, .  .  .  

McTague,    Dominick, . 

Meade,    General, 

Meagher,  Brigadier  General, ... 

Meagher,    Richard, 

Meagher,   Thomas, .  

Mechanicsville,  Battle  of , . 

Melden,  -William   R 

Meridian  Hill, ... 
Merrill,    Charles    L., .  . 
Merrill,  Charles  W., . 
Merritt,  Charles  M., 
Merritt,  Connell, . 

Middlekauf,   W 

Millard,    P 

Millbury, . 

Milford, 


249, 


....  .181,  182,  187, 

.4,  7,  43,  46,  51,  98,  163,  192,  201,  261 


PAGE 
.89,  288 
.  145,  341 
249 
293 
.  145,  329 
..    145 
293 
158 
275 
146 
292 
146 
189 
322 
323 
106 
250,  288,  300,  320 

.  .       .  .  203 

293 

330 

203 

330,  348 

.  .      .  104,  323 
.  .      288 

146 

107 

107 

107 

173 

331 

104 

329 

103 

188 

50,  163 

249 

.  .       .  248,  286,  325 

. .       . .  146 

. .       . .  293 

.216,  229,  236,  279 

142 

..      330 

330,348 

.  .       . .        84 

.  .       .  .  104 

13,  14 

223,  258,  260,  265 

187,207 

264,  299,  334,  344 

186 

139 

342 

127 

316 


index.  t  437 

PAGE 

Mills,  Charles  B., 328 

Mills,  William, ... 358 

Mine  Run, .      ........... 277 

Mitchell,     J 325,  341 

Mitchell,  Thomas,  A.  S., .      .....      .  106,  187 

Mitchell's  Station, 265,  289 

Mohr,    Charles   A., 293 

Mooneville,  Md., 289 

Moore,  James  B., 192,  201 

Monihan,  John, .       ... .  .      323 

Monnehan,  Patrick, . 107 

Monocacy  Junction,  Md., .217,^22 

Moran,  John, . 193 

Morgan,    Col.    Charles, .  .  215 

Morgan,  Benjamin  E.  (A), .        .  .      61 

Morin,   Alex 106 

Morrill  'a    Brigade, .  57 

Morrill,   Edward  W 144 

Morrison,  Joseph  W., ....  186 

Morrison,    Nahum, 286 

Morrisville,    Va 257,258,263,274,289 

Morse,     Colonius, .  .  140,  285 

Morse,   Daron  W., .  . 107 

Morse,  George  E., .  ......  248,  329 

Morse,  James, ...  285 

Mortimer,  Charles, 293 

Mortimer,   Lewis, , 331,  341 

Morton,  Philip, . 292 

Moses,  John,  .      , .  .  286 

Moses,  John  D ...  145 

Moynehan,  P., , .  .      .  .  108 

Muddy   Branch, . .43,  49,  50 

Mudgett,   Isaac  N, .  . 348,  353,  356 

Mulligan,   Michael, .  ....  .      .   293 

Mumford,  Dudley  C,     .  .  .5,  8,  51,  151,  201,  261,  265,  295,  299,  317,  322,  355 

Murphy,  Andrew  M.,  (K) ...  ....  ......  75 

Murphy,  Daniel,     288,  293,  352,  358,  368 

Murphy,  Edward  (A), .......        106 

Murphy,   Humphrey, .  188 

Murphy,  Luke, , 103 

Murphy,  Michael  (E),.  .. , 106 

Murphy,    Patrick    (K), .  .....' 58,  325 

Murray,  Thomas,  .........  341 

Nelson,  Leroy  A., ..  .  .    .  106,  183 

Nelson's  Farm, .  .....     93 

Newcomb,  Edgar  M.,       .35,  73,  83,  98,  111,  112,  111,  118,  131,  141,  151,  101,  174, 

180,  181,  182,  183^186,  193 

Newhall,  Charles  A., .                 ....  •             .30,249 

Newhall,  Charles  B., .  ....  249 

Newport  News,  Va .IIS.  119 

Newman,    Stephen     I.,.                   .....  4,  89 

Nichols,  Benjamin, 345 

Nichols,  Ernest  A , .  136,  203,  285.  32:1.  325,  352,  35» 

Nichols,  Gilman  1'., 18G 

Nichols,  James, .  •  •  •  •        '-! 


438         THE    NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 


PAGE 

Nickerson,  Lorenzo  P., 146 

Niell,   Patrick, 293 

Nietman,  August, 341 

Nieur,  John 293 

Nineteenth  Maine  Regiment, .  154,  179,  299 

Nolan,  Patrick, .  249,  288,  325 

Norfolk,  Va 68 

Norman,   Frank, 323 

'  'North  America,"  transport 54 

North  Anna  River, .  316 

Northend,  William   E 249 

Norwood,  A.  J., . 249 

Norton,  Andrew 104 

Noyes,  Charles  L 248 

Noyes,  Edward  D., 186 

Noyes,  Stephen, 187 

Nulty,  Peter 323 

Oak  Grove,   battle  of -. 81,  82 

Oak  Hill,  Md., 257 

O  'Brien,  John ...       359 

O'Brien,  Michael, 249 

O'Connell,  Timothy .285,325 

O'Connell,  James 105 

O'Connor,   Dennis  (G) 107 

Occoquan,  Va 289 

O'Hearn,  James 104 

O'Leary,  Michael, .286,  329 

Oliver,  Exor, .  249,  288 

Olmstead,  Col.  William  A., .  .        .  356 

O'Neal,   Charles, 106 

O'Neal,  Michael  (G) 107 

O'Neal,  William  H.  (K), .  .  ...  . 78 

One  Hundredth  New  York  Regiment, .  .  .  .  .  ...      360 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-Seventh  Pennsylvania  Regiment, 159 

Orange  Plank  Road ...  277,  280,  303 

O'Rourke,  Peter  (E),.  83,96,106,144,153 

Orr,  Henry ...      187 

Osborn,  Francis ....  .  285,  326 

Osborne,    William, .  ....  341 

Otis,  George  B., 328 

Palfrey,  Lieutenant  Colonel, .  148 

Palmer,    Charles    S ...  163,  223,  261,  290,  334,  352,  365 

Palmer,  George  W ....  . .  143 

Palmer,  Henry  E., 187 

Palmer,  William  L.,  4,  5,  8,  29,  51,  112,  114,  151,  181,  183,  191,  198,  200,  211,  216- 
222,   247,   248,   257,  261,  290,  294,  295,  299,  324,  334 

Pamunky  River, .  .      .  .  .  .    . » .  .  .       .  .      317 

Parent,  Lewis, 331 

Paris,   Va 159 

Patch,  George  H., 146 

Patch,   John, 325 

Patrick,   Joseph, .  .  .  324 

Payson,  Charles .........  .  .      352 

Peach  Orchard,   battle  of, 86,  89 


INDEX. 


439 


Pearl,    "Ed,"    sutler,. 
Pearson,    Charles   S., . 
Pearson,  Daniel, ... 
Pearson,   Joseph  H., . 
Perry,   Henry, . 
Perry,   Horace   D., 
Perkins,  Haven  K., . 
Perkins,  Theodore, . 
Penniman,  Walter  S.  (K), 
Petersburg,  Va., . 
Pettitt's  jBattery, . . 
Philbrick,  Major, . 
Phillips,  James  H.  H., . 
Pickett 's  Charge, .    . . 
Pike,  James, ... 

Pike,  Robert  E., 

Pillsbury,    Joseph 

Pillsbury,    Richmond    L., . 
Pleasant  Valley,  Md., .  .  . 
Pleasanton,   General, ... 
Plum  Run, 
Plympton,  Amos  G., 
Plympton,  Jonathan  E.,.  . 

Po  Creek,, 

Point  Lookout 

Point  of  Rocks 

Poole,  Eben  D., 

Poolesville, 

Pope,  General, .  

Porter,  James  (A), 

Porter,  James  (B), 

Porter,  James, .... 
Porter's  Mass.  Battery, . 
Powell,  James, . 
Power,  James, . 
Powers,  Edward, .  .      .... 

Powers,    John 

Pratt,  Edwin  B., . 
Pratt,  Gustavus  P.,  Dr., . 

Prentiss,  Nathaniel 

Preston,  Charles  H., .  . 
Preston,  Charles  (B), . 
Prime,  Samuel  S., 
Putnam,  Robert  W.,.  .  . 
Putnam,    Israel, .  .  . 

Quinn,  Timothy, 

Raccoon  Ford,  Va.,. 
Randall,  Lott  I.,. 
Rapidan  River,     ... 
Rappahannock    River, 
Rappahannock  Station, . 
Rappell,    Winfield, . 
Raymond,  Alfred  A., . 
Reagan,  James  B., . 


PAGE 

302 

....      145 

187 

143 

324 

188 

293 

....      187 

169,  186 

.115,  321,  333,  334,  344,  346,  363 
.       . .  ....  227 

...        137 

188 

238 

332 

.  .  358 

140 

285 

.  127,  130,  256 

..       ..      214 

231,  245 

353 

.1,  2,  5,  7,  152,  181,  192,  201,  258,  260,  262,' 271 

.       .  . 3C6 

54 

.  .        52 

330,  348 

15,  10,  30,  35,  36,  39 

122 

187 
187 

106 

70 

104 

.        331 

.  .  107,  108 


146 

.  104,  288,  329 

.290,  295,  333,  356 

...  73 

.....  ....  248,  323 

.285 

.4,  8,  29,  88,  112,  114,  152,  192,  195,  201 

90 

106 

193 


26  t,  2,S!) 

353 

261,  273,  2S0,  3(KS 

.  263 

. .       . .    265 

.180,  1S6 

189 

323 


440  THE   NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Ream's  Station,  Va.,.               ..  ...                                         ..343,346 

Reardon,   D.  F .  .  .  .                            .  .      249 

Reetortown, .           .  .      .  .                     .  158 

Redding,  Michael, ...  ...  171,  186 

Reed,  John  H.,  Qr.  M.  Gen., .  .  .  6,  10 

Reichardt,  Joseph, ...  ....        331 

Reno,      General, ...  .  .                   .  .                   .  .                       129 

Restell,    John    Jr., .  .  107,  329 

Return  to  Boston, .  .  .  .  .  297 

Reynolds,  General, .      .  .  .  .  .  .      .  .  225 

Reynolds,  John  P.,  Jr.,  4,  8,  23,  24,  28,  43,  47,  49,  51,  116,  127,  135,  141,  145,  151, 

192,  222",  258,  261,  264 

Revere,  Surgeon , .  .  .                                                89 

Review,   The   Grand, .  .  .  364 

Rice,  Edmund,  1,  2,  4,  7,  17,  20,  21,  36,  51,  59,  75,  96,  136,  140,  143,  151,  191,  198, 

200,  !204,  208,  210,  213,  216,  231,   240,  242,   247,  248,  257,  261,  264,  284,  290, 

295,  297,   300,  303,  308,  312,  322,  333,  344,  346,  351,  356,  357 

Rice,    George, .  331 

Rice,  James  H.,  .5,7,64,104,119,151,152,192,258 

Rice,   William   F .  .          .223,  258,  271,  290,  333,  334,  343,  352 

Richardson,  Joseph, .                 .  .  .....           ....                           330 

Richardson,  Major  General,.      .  .  .  .                              ....                  .  .  .78,  142 

Richardson,  William, ...                  ..      ..330,348 

Rich,  Robert  E,, .  .  .  .  144 

Richmond,    Va 78,  85,  115,  116,  334,  363 

Rickett's   Battery 227 

Ridlon,    James, .  328,  340,  342 

Riese,  George, ...  ....     291 

Rieser,  Julius, 292 

Riley,     Michael, .  .  144,  194 

Riley,  Thomas  (B) 285,323 

Rimback,  Lewis, ...  .  .  43 

Rinaldie,  John  B., .  .  .                        .  .  ....      293 

Ripley,  Thomas, .  .                  .  .  .    .      .                                                  .  .  290 

Ritchie,  George  M.,.      ..  284,353,356 

Roberts,  Nathan  H .  .                  .  .     331 

Robertson's  Tavern .  276,  277 

Robinson's  Cross  Roads,  Va., .  ...                                .  .                               289 

Robinson,  Henry, ...  .  .  ...  341 

Robinson,  John  N., .  145,  183,  203,  246,  368 

Robinson,    Joseph, .  331 

Robinson,    Sherman  S., .  .222,  234,  247,  258 

Robinson,  William ......  ....                348 

Roche,    Edward, ...  248 

Rockville,  Md„.  .  .  .  ..       .                                       ..       .15,46,126 

Rodger,     Albert, .  .      140 

Rodigrass,  John  S., .           .  .  ...               104 

Rodman,  Brigadier  General, .  142 

Rogers,     Albert, ...                                  .  .  248,  321 

Rogers,  Elijah  P.,.  .4,7,78 

Rogers,  George  W., .  *  .  .  .  .      324 

Rogers,  Shubell  D., .         .  187 

Rogers,"  Varn urn   H.V  146 

Rooney,      Peter, 293 

Rortys    Battery,...  .234,235,239 


INDEX.  441 

PAGE 

Ross,  Dunbar, 271 

Ross,  John  B 323 

Ross,    John    T., .  .    146,  356,  359 

Ross,  Jonathan  T 288 

Ross,  William  H., 322 

Roth,     Philip 187 

Round  Top 225,  226,  227,  228,  229 

Rourke,  John 288 

Routnair,   Charles, * 352 

Rowe,  Charles  A 216,  249 

Rowe,   George   A., 104 

Rowley,      Charles 340,  341 

Rummelsburg,    Carl, 330 

Rundlett,   Oliver  S., 143 

Russell,  Benjamin  W 285,  325 

Russell,    Cornelius 248 

Russell,  James  D 1,  2,  4,  7,  51,  64,  125,  151,  163 

Ryan,    William 323 

Sabiens,     Edward, 341 

Salem   Church 205,  207 

Salem  Zouaves 3,  6 

Salem,    Va 158 

Salisbury,  Thomas  J 324 

Salter,  Solomon 330 

Sampson,    Christopher    C 2,  5,  43 

Sargent,  George  C 332,  341 

Saunders,    Captain 16,  32,  33 

Saunders,  Edwin  CD 285 

Savage's    Station 88  89,  98 

Scan  Ian,    David 293 

Scannell,     Patrick 247 

Scannell,  Michael 248,  282,  285,  318,  327,  328 

Schiverin,  Fritz 293 

Schoff,  Edward  N 288   353,  356 

Schouler,    Camp l 

Schouler,  William,  Adjt.  Gen 3,  6,  8,  10,  30,  296,  332 

Schults,   Hans  W., 293 

Sherman,    Charles 331 

Sherman,   James  O, 293 

Sherris,  William 331 

Sherwell,  Jesse  K., 145 

Sherwood,  Duncan 248 

Shinnick,  James 329,341 

Shock,  Carl 324 

Short,  Moses 83,  103 

Sibley  tents 6S 

Sickles,  Gen.  Daniel  E 225.226,227,228 

Signals 

Silk,  Jeremiah  (B) 

Sixth  Maine  Regiment 

Sixth   Massachusetts   Regiment 

Skerrett,  James 

Slocum,   Robert, 

Smith,  Bartholomew, 

Smith,  Charles, .         


47 
194 
204 

11 
329 
292 
146 
3°2 


442  THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Smith,  Charles  E 186 

Scott,  John, 330 

Seaver,  Joseph 184,  186 

Seavey,  Joseph  I 286 

Seoond  Massachusetts  Regiment 2 

Sedgwick,    John,    Gen 55,  82,  117,  134,  136,  139,  142,  148,  200,  204,  205,  206 

Seminary  Ridge 225,  226,  235,  255 

Seneca,    Lock   Falls 43,  44,  46 

Seven  Days'  Retreat, . .  85 

Seventeenth  Massachusetts  Regiment 10 

Seventh    Michigan    Regiment,   8,  15,  16,  32,  39,  115,  166,  167,  168,  172,  178,  184, 
185,   199,  203,  255,  298,  300,  352,  354,  361,  362 

Seventh  Mississippi  Regiment, . .        .  .     27 

Seventeenth    Mississippi  Regiment, ....  27,  30 

Seventh  New  York  Regiment, 11 

Seven  Pines,  Va., 75 

Sewall,  Charles  C 104,108 

Shackley,  Moses .  163,  192,  195,  198,  200,  236,  242,  257,  261 

Sharpsburg  Road,  Md 131 

Sharkey,  Charles  (F), ...      ...      193 

Shaw,  George  F ,    107 

Shaw,  Levi 1,  4,  8,  103 

Shelden's  Island, . .      17 

Shenandoah  River, 156 

Small,  John,  P 288 

Small,  John  Y., 265 

Smith,  Edwin 332 

Smith,  F.  H 108 

Smith,  Francis,  L 107 

Smith,  Henry  M 323 

Smith,  H 104 

Smith.    James 188,  330,  348 

Smith,  John  (H) 322,341 

Smith,  John 105 

Smith,  J.  1 288,329 

Smith,  Martin, 331 

Smith,  Michael 293 

Smith,   Samuel  H 45,  83 

Smith,   Sidney, 348 

Smith,  Thomas  C 353 

Smith,  Thomas  H 105 

Smith,   William,   1st 293 

Smith,  William,  2nd 293 

Smith,  William 286,292,330 

Smith,   William   (F) . .      .  .      145 

Smithers,  James 331 

Smyth,  Col.  Thomas  A 350,  357 

Snellen,  Joseph  W 90,  236,  246,  247,  248,  258,  264,  290,  299 

Snicker's  Gap,  Va ...        157 

Soldiers'    Rest 12,  54 

Somers,     Frank 332,  341 

Sons  of  Massachusetts, 10 

Soper,  George, 348 

South    Mountain,    Md., 126,129,143 

Spar,    H 342 


INDEX.  443 

PAGE 

Spence,  David .331,  341 

Spofford,    Daniel    W 142,  143 

Spofford,  E.  F 43 

Spofford,    John    A 4,  18,  43 

Spofford,    Phineas, 142 

Sprague,  Gov.  William, 50 

Spottsylvania, .    305,  306,   307 

Stafford    Court   House 213 

Stanley,  Edwin  P 108 

Stanley,  Thomas ... 325 

Stannard,  General, 246 

Stanwood,     Moses    P., 4,  7,  43 

Steele,    John    H 248,  285,  359 

Stevens,  Austin 325 

Stevens,    Benjamin   F„ 105 

Stevens,  R.  W 43 

Stevens,   George  (I) 203 

Stevens,    George    H., 107,  108 

Stevens,   James  (E) 188 

Stevensburg,  Va., .289 

Stewart,  Alonzo 322 

Stewart,  Charles 35 

Stewart,     William, 286 

Stillman,  Peter 285,  324 

Stone,  Benjamin  A 105 

Stone   Bridge,   Antietam, 133 

Stone,  Charles  P.,  Gen., 15,  17,  28 

Stone,  Samuel,  Jr., 104 

Stone,    Thomas , 328 

Stone,    Dr.   V.    R 163,  193,  210 

Stone,    William    A.,   106,  144,  152,  200,  201,  210,  222,  248,  258,  260,  262,  333,  356 

Strange,  James ..285,323 

Stringer,  Thomas 328 

Stuart,     General..., 215 

"Stuart's  Unseen  Guns" .   136 

Sullivan,    James 293 

Sullivan,  John 104 

Sullivan,      Michael .      . .     51 

Sullivan,  Michael,  (E) 106,  144 

Sullivan,  Patrick,  (G) 145 

Sumner,  E.  V.,  Maj.  Gen 55,58,  113,  133,  134,  136,  137,  156,  158,  160,  164 

Sunken  Road,  Antietam . .    133 

Sweeney,   M.  . .  « 330 

Sweetser,  Thomas  A '46 

Symonds,  George  B 329 

Symonds,   George  B 45 

Taft,   B.   F )97 

Taneytown,  Md —■*•  255 

Teadley.  Daniel 107-  108 

Teele,  George  E 203 

Tenallytown 122 

Tenth    Mass.    Battery   ■      227.  360 

Thoroughfare   Gap,    Va 213.  215,  289 

Thorndike.  Albert 45,  14 1 ,  146,  152,  163 

Thomas,  George  P. 208 


444  THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

PAGB 

Thomas,   Terrance . .      .  .      322,  228 

Thompson,    Edward    C. .      322,  329 

Thompson,  George  W 107 

Thompson,  John  B 188,  270,  276,  299,  319,  322,  3.55 

Thompson,  John  N 51,103,164,171,216,222 

Thompson,  Milton  D 322 

Thirteenth  Mississippi  Regiment  . . 30 

Thirty-Second  Wisconsin  Regiment 361 

Thirty-Fourth  New  York  Regiment .  .  ...  32 

Tibbets,  Charles 146,  153,  285 

Tibbets,  John,  (C) . .  . . 83 

Tibbets,  John  L.  (C) .. 104 

Tibbets,  William ...      . .        147 

Tibbets,  William  H 248,356,358 

Tiger  Fire  Zouaves 1,  30,  32,  33,   3  i 

Tiernan,  Mark 147 

Tilton,    Warner   W ...      51,112,152,222,223,261 

Tirrell,    William    J. .  . . 188,  359 

Todd,  Joseph  Scott 4,7,51,64 

Todds     Tavern ..        305,306 

Tompkins  Battery,  A,  1st  R.  I.  Artillery.  .    86,87,124 

Towle,  John . .      208 

Trapp,  Charles 290 

Trask,  George  L . .      107 

Treadley,  Daniel . .         288 

Trembo,   Christopher . .  293 

Tucker,  Clarence  I 143 

Turner,  Frederick  P 145 

Turnstall's  Station,  Va 71 

Tuttle,  E .  .        352 

Tuttle,  F.  W ......        108 

Tuttle,  John 293 

Tuttle,  Thomas 104 

Tuttle,  Thomas  W 248 

Twentieth    Massachusetts    Regiment  2,  16,  22,  30,  38,  39,  115,  162,  171,  178,  184 
202,  234,  294,  295,  298,  299,  300,  301,  327,  346 

Twentieth  New  York  Regiment 32 

Two  Taverns,  Pa 255 

Tyler,   James 293 

Tyler,  Lieutenant . .    27 

Upperville 157 

Urban,   Henry   292 

Urbana .  . 127 

VanAllan  Cavalry . . 32 

VanAmmon.i.Bernard . .      330 

' ' Vanderbilt,  C  "  transport 69 

Vaughan   Road . .    .  .      ...    . .        357 

Vaughn 's  R.  I.  Battery 17,  21,  28,  30 

Very,  George 323 

Very.  Joshua 329 

Viall,  Samuel  E 146,  231,  249,  286,  314,  322,  354.  368 

Vienna,  Va 363 

Vienna  Road 123 

Vinton,    Andrew 145 


INDEX.  445 

PAGE 

Wakefield,  William  H 286 

Wallace,  Patrick 144 

Wallace,  Peter .    .  ig5 

Walden,  Nathan 286 

Waldick,  Lewis . .  293 

Walker,  Arthur 341 

Walker,  Francis  A.,  Gen..    .    .266,  268,  271,  311,  312 

Walker,  Irving 328 

Wapping  Heights,  Va . .      ...      .  256 

Warren,  General.        278,  279 

Warren 's  Flank  March 277 

Warrenton,   Va 158,  159,  289 

Warrenton   Junction,    Va 257,274,289 

Warner,   Abram  F ,  .    .288,328,341 

Warner,    Charles    B 81,103,112 

Warner,  William  H 353 

Warwick    River .58,117 

Wass,  Capt.  Ansel  D.,   1,  2,  5,  7,  30,  32,  58,  59,  60,  88,  97,  106,  112,  114,  119,  151 

222,  247,  248,  257,  260,  261,  264,  270,  271,  295,  297,  299,  300,  327,  333,  344 

Watson,  Charles 331 

Waters,  Thomas,  (G) 292 

Webb,    Gen.    Alexander  233,  238,  239,  240,  241,  242,  246,  269,  278,  279,  300,  308 

313 

Weilmar,  August .......      331 

Weitzler,  Herman 330 

Welch,  Charles  P. .  286 

Welch,    James    (E) 145,  146,  194 

Welch,  Thomas. .    105 

Welden    Railroad 326,  346 

Wellock,    Charles    H ...  152,  193,  223 

Wells,  Jeremiah  Y 249,  262 

Wells,  John  J 208 

Welsh,  Michael 293 

Westacott,    Lewis 105 

Westacott,  Richard 188 

Weston,  Ira,  wagoner 286 

West     Point 16,07,69,77 

Westover,  Va 110 

Weymouth,  H.  G.IO.,  1,  2,  5,  7,  50,  51,  151,  152,  165,  179,  180,  181,  189,  193,  201, 

223 

Wheeling,  John 292 

Wheelock,  Henry  L 353 

White,   George  R 105 

White,  Joseph,  A -'02 

White,    William 293 

Whitehouse ■!<>,    92 

White    Oaks    Run 93 

White  Oaks  Swamp .90,92,93.98 

White  Plains,  Md -">7 

Whitten,  Benjamin  E., '  s~ 

Wiggin,    James    B -ss.  29:s 

Willard,  Josiah  N . . .  .  1,  4.  35,  112.  163.  193,  198 

Willard,    Parsons   S :! ' l 

Wilderness  Campaign, 303 

Williamsburg, 69,  117 


446  THE  NINETEENTH  MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

PAGE 

Williams,   Edward 288,324 

Williams,    John, 293 

Williams,  John  A., 144 

Williams,   Patrick .  .      .    293 

Williams,    Robert, 107,  146 

Williamsport, 255,256,289 

Willis,   Calvin  W 341 

Williston,  Walter  C 189 

Willoughby  Run 225 

Wilson,  Conrad, 330 

Wilson,  William 341 

Wilson,  William  H 1,2,5,7,43 

Winthrop,  Thomas  F 152,  197,  201,  257,  261,  295,  333,  334,  352 

Winns  Mills, 57,  58 

Winslow,  Ezra  D 163,  193 

Woofindale,   Levi 46,  145,  195,  329 

Wolcott,  Charles  O., 353 

Wolf  Run  Shoals,  Va., 213,  214 

Wood,  George 293 

Woodford's   Battery 227 

Wood  Grove,  Va 157,  256 

Woodruff,  James  F 353 

Wood-tick,  The 173 

Wright,   George 145,  146 

Wright,   William  B., 143 

Wszlaki,  Albert 328 

York  railroad 76 

Yorktown,  siege 57,  58 

Yorktown 63,    68,    117   119 

Young,    John, 292 

Young,  Joseph, 353 

Young,  William 144,163 

Younger,  Stephen  J 144,  285,  324,  329,  348 


COPSE  OF  TREES. 
Designed  by  John  P.  Reynolds  and  George  E.  Teal. 


APPENDIX. 


RETURN  OF  THE  CAPTURED  FLAG. 


The  flag  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  regiment,  which 
was  captured  with  the  command  in  front  of  Petersburg  in 
1864,  was  returned  to  the  Commonwealth  in  1867  under  cir- 
cumstances of  peculiar  interest.  The  story  is  told  in  the 
following  letters: 

Charlotte,  N.  C,  Nov.  29,  1866. 
Chas.  W.  Matthews,  Esq., 
Dear  Sir: 

I  send  you  by  express  the  flag  of  the  Nineteenth  Mass.  Volun- 
teers, which  I  told  you  I  had  rescued  from  rebel  hands,  that  they  might 
not  have  it  to  boast  of. 

Though  mutilated  in  its  border,  its  escutcheon  is  still  intact  and,  like  the 
Union,  can  be  re-constructed  but  not  on  Rebel  principles  nor  with  Rebel 
material. 

Please  present  it  to  its  regiment  or  to  its  State  and  if  its  "esprit  du 
corps"  is  gratified  in  acquiring  it,  I  shall  feel  that  I  am  amply  rewarded  for 
the  diplomacy  I  have  exercised  in  seeking  to  transfer  it  to  the  gallant  troops 
who  rallied  under  it  to  defend  the  Union  they  loved  not  more  than  did 

Yours  most  truly, 

Edward  H.  Bissell. 


Philadelphia,   Pa.,  J.w.  11,  lst>7 
Captaix  T.  B.  Buntino, 
Dear  Sir: 

I  herewith  hand  you  the  "colors"  of  the  Nineteenth  Mass. 
Vols,  and  the  letter  of  Mr.  Edward  II.  Bissell  of  North  Carolina,  through 
whom  it  was  procured.  Mr.  Bissell  is  one  of  the  few  (rue  men  the  South 
affords.  He  originally  hails  from  Connecticut  but  has  resided  in  Charlotte 
for  the  last  thirty-five  years.  During  the  war  his  love  for  the  old  flag  and 
the  assistance  a  Horded  by  him  to  our  brave  soldiers  escaping  from  the 
terrors  of  Andersonville  and  Saulsburv.  earned  for  him  the  direst  hatred  of 
the  traitors  who  heaped  upon  him  all  manner  of  indignities  and  reduced  him 
from  affluence  to  absolute  want ,  as  his  letter  will  show,  without  alloying  the 
true  gold  of  his  nature. 

(440) 


450  NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

The  history  of  the  flag  is  that  it  was  captured  somewhere  in  Virginia 
and  was  in  possession  of  a  rebel  who  used  the  border  for  a  handkerchief. 
Mr.  Bissell  hearing  of  it  and  anxious  that  it  should  be  restored  to  the  brave 
men  who  assisted  in  putting  down  the  rebellion,  and  indignant  at  the  vile 
use  it  was  put  to  by  the  Reb ,  partly  by  threat  and  partly  by  a  pecuniary 
consideration,  induced  the  traitor  to  disgorge. 

Will  you  kindly  restore  the  flag  to  the  officers  of  the  regiment  should  the 
organization  still  be  in  existence  or  in  case  it  should  not,  to  the  Governor 
of  the  State. 

I  would  suggest  that  an  acknowledgment  of  its  receipt  be  sent  to  Mr. 
Bissell  at  Charlotte  as  I  know  it  would  be  very  gratifying  to  him. 
I  am,  captain, 

Truly  your  friend, 

Charles  W.  Matthews. 


New  York,  March  4,  1867. 
To  His  Excellency, 

The  Governor  of  Massachusetts. 
Sir: 

I  have  this  day  sent  you  by  express  the  colors  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Regiment,  Mass.  Vols.,  and  herewith  enclose  express  company's 
receipt  for  the  same,  also  letters  relating  to  their  recovery — one  from 
Edward  H.  Bissell,  Esq.,  and  one  from  Capt.  Chas.  W.  Matthews. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  in  being  instrumental  (though  but  to  a  slight 
degree)  in  returning  the  colors  through  you  to  their  proper  owners. 
I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

T.  B.  Bunting. 


Boston,  March  21,  1867. 
Capt.  H.  Ware, 

Private  Secretary. 

Captain: 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  communica- 
tion and  enclosures  in  reference  to  the  return  of  the  flag  of  my  old  command, 
captured  during  the  last  campaign  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

I  beg  leave  to  express  my  extreme  satisfaction  at  the  intelligence  your 
note  and  the  accompanying  document  convey.  The  flag  was  lost  under 
circumstances  that  reflected  no  discredit  upon  the  regiment  which  bore  it 
and  by  General  Order  of  the  Army  to  which  they  were  attached,  they  were 
absolved  from  the  responsibility  of  its  capture,  but  however  lost,  it  is 
a  matter  of  congratulation  that  it  should  be  returned. 


APPENDIX.  451 

It  is  a  mafter,  also,  of  legitimate  pride,  I  think,  that  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  regiment  can  claim  to  have  captured  the  colors  of  no  less 
than  seven  rebel  regiments  during  their  term  of  service,  and  which  fact 
might  offset  the  loss  of  one  of  their  own  under  whatever  circumstances. 

As  the  senior  officer  here  of  the  Nineteenth  regiment  association  (com- 
posed of  the  surviving  members)  I  desire  very  much  to  be  afforded  an 
opportunity  to  express  the  obligation  that  every  member  feels  to  the 
gentleman  through  whose  instrumentality  the  flag  has  been  returned. 
I  venture  to  beg  that  His  Excellency  will  transmit  to  Mr.  Edward  H. 
Bissell  the  sincere  thanks  of  a  regiment  of  brave  men  for  having  saved 
from  disgrace  the  color  they  had  borne  through  many  a  conflict.  If  any- 
thing is  needed  beyond  his  own  consciousness  of  a  noble  action,  he  can 
rely  upon  the  warm  gratitude  of  every  man  and  officer  of  my  regiment. 
Very  sincerely  and  respectfully, 

Arthur  F   Devereux, 

Late  Colonel  19th  Mass.  Vols. 
Brevet-Brigadier  General. 


REUNION. 

[Written  for  the  Eighteenth  Reunion  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Infantry,  held 
in  Cambridge,  Aug.  28,  1888.] 

BY   CAPTAIN    THOMAS    F.    WINTHROP. 

The  Southern  hills  no  longer  wear — 

Like  jewels  on  their  breezy  crests — 
A  thousand  camp  fires,  marking  where 

In  night  bivouac,  an  army  rests; 
The  night  wind  gently  sweeping  past, 

To  all  the  sound  of  war  is  dumb, 
It  echoes  not  the  bugle  blast, 

Nor  the  loud  voice  of  boisterous  drum. 

The  Southern  woods  no  longer  hide 

The  battery  masked,  the  ambushed  files; 
The  cavalry  no  longer  ride 

With  clanking  sabres  down  their  aisles, 
In  deadly  conflict  to  engage; 

No  longer  from  their  battle  lines, 
Beneath  their  dark  and  cool  umbrage 

Amidst  their  green  and  tangled  vines. 

The  Southern  fields  no  longer  bear 

Their  crops  of  burnished,  bristling  steel; 
The  flowers  of  peace  are  blooming  fair 

In  ruts  made  by  the  cannon's  wheel. 
The  trenches'  long  and  curtained  lines, 

Are  filled  again  with  yellow  clay, 
The  shadows  of  the  solemn  pines 

Fall  over  levelled  forts  today. 

And  we  who  bore  the  battle  brunt 

In  those  sad  days,  so  far  away; 
Who  kept  the  old  flag  at  the  front, 

Are  growing  old,  and  worn,  and  gray; 
The  vigor  of  those  days  has  flown, 

And  less  elastic  is  the  tread, 
The  ravages  of  time  are  shown 

In  furrowed  face,  and  whitened  head. 

(452) 


APPENDIX.  453 

But  to  the  past  our  hearts  are  true, 

Its  glorious  mem'ries  with  us  stay; 
Though  we  who  wore  the  loyal  blue 

Are  putting  on  time's  sombre  gray; 
And  still  with  manly,  loyal  pride, 

Those  days  of  battle  we  recall, 
When,    gainst  the  waves  of  treason's  tide, 

We  stood,  a  firm,  unyielding  wall. 

We  still  have  warmth  of  heart  for  those 

Who  mustered  'neath  our  colors  bright 
Who  shared  with  us  the  camp's  repose, 

Or  touched  our  elbows  in  the  fight ; 
And  who  still  live  to  tell  the  tale 

Of  march  and  camp,  their  joys  and  fears. 
For  them  our  love  shall  never  fail, 

Dear  comrades  of  those  battle  years. 

We  tried  their  friendship  by  the  test 

Of  fire  and  smoke  of  battle  plain ; 
In  charge  against  the  cannoned  crest, 

On  fields  where  bullets  beat  like  rain; 
On  many  a  hard  and  weary  tramp, 

In  bivouac  on  the  frozen  ground, 
In  quiet  of  the  winter  camp, 

When  cup,  and  song,  and  joke  went  round. 

And  in  reunion  once  again 

With  old  companions  battle  tried, 
Our  thoughts  revive  the  long  campaign 

And  scenes,  where  we  stood  side  by  side; 
We  hear  the  martial  strains  once  more; 

We  don  our  uniforms  of  blue ; 
We  see  again  the  flags  we  bore 

We  hear  from  lips  we  love,  adieu; 

We  leave  our  plows  in  furrowed  field, 

To  idly  rust  'midst  tangled  weeds  ; 
We  go  the  tools  of  war  to  wield, 

Responsive  to  our  country's  needs; 
We  leave  behind  us  fields  unsown; 

We  go  to  till  the  fields  of  death, 
Watered  with  blood,  and  bullet  mown; 

Scorched  with  the  heated  cannon's  lirr.uli. 


454  NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

By  Potomac's  willowy  shore 

We  form  our  primal  battle  line ; 
We  hear  the  guns  of  Yorktown  roar; 

O'er  West  Point  see  the  sun  decline. 
The  Chickahominy  we  cross, 

On  Fair  Oaks'  field  we  join  the  fray ; 
We  mourn  the  gallant  Warner's    loss, 

And  all  who  fell  that  sad  June  day. 

Across   the   dark   peninsula 

We  march  to  reach  the  James's  shore; 
We  see  again  the  smoke  of  war 

Hang  over  Glendale's  field  of  gore; 
The  lapse  of  time  has  not  concealed 

The  faces  of  our  comrades  brave, 
Who  on  Antietam's  gun-swept  field 

Their  noble  lives  to  Freedom  gave. 

At  Fredericksburg  the  boats  we  man, 

Under  the  fire  from  trench  and  slope, 
And,  with  the  Seventh  Michigan, 

We  form  once  more  "The  forlorn  hope." 
On  Gettysburg's  famed  heights  we  stand, 

And  form  the  long,  thin  line  of  blue, 
Whose  courage  high,  and  valor  grand, 

The  fiery  Pickett's  charge  o'erthrew. 

All  through  the  gloomy  Wilderness, 

In  rough  dug  graves  we  leave  our  dead; 
At  Spottsylvania,  back  we  press 

The  line  of  gray,  by  Stuart  led. 
Cold  Harbor's  flaming  cannon  boom, 

And  thin  our  weak  and  shattered  lines ; 
And  comrades  fall,  and  find  a  tomb 

Amidst  Deep  Bottom's  tangled  vines. 

At  Petersburg  we  stand  again 

Where  strong  redoubts  the  hillsides  crown; 
We  see  beyond  the  intrenched  plain 

The  lofty  steeples  of  the  town. 
Disaster  at  Reams'  Station  came, 

When  from  its  trenches  we  are  hurled; 
On  Appomattox'  field  of  fame 

We  see  the  flag  of  treason  furled. 


APPENDIX.  455 

And  from  war's  sad  and  gory  fields, 

With  tattered  banners  borne  above, 
With  all  the  pride  that  vict'ry  yields, 

We  homeward  march,  to  those  we  love. 
For  us  the  toilsome  march  is  o'er, 

The  picket  watch,  the  night  bivouac; 
The  roll  of  drum  will  never  more 

Arouse  us  for  the  foe's  attack. 

And  as  we  clasp  the  hands  today, 

And  old  familiar  faces  greet, 
Remembered  are  those  far  away, 

Whose  hearts  are  with  us  while  we  meet. 
Xor  unforgotten  those  who  fell, 

And  sleep  today  in  sunny  lands ; 
On  breezy  hill,  in  quiet  dell, 

In  graves  dug  by  their  comrades'  hands. 

They  were  as  noble,  brave  and  true 

As  ever  followed  noisy  drum; 
Their  silent  ranks  pass  in  review, 

With  noiseless  step,  and  voices  dumb. 
Brave  Howe  is  riding  at  their  head, 

Tall  and  graceful,  but  ashy  pale, 
Just  as  he  looked  when,  cold  and  dead, 

We  dug  his  grave  at  sad  Glendale. 

Another  rides  with  that  silent  host — 

Boyd,  the  hero  of  many  fields — 
Who  bravely  fell  at  duty's  post, 

Just  as  the  foe  the  contest  yields. 
And  there  George  Batchelder  we  see, 

Gentle  and  true,  and  bravest  of  men, 
And  there  steps  gallant  David  Lee, 

And  Mumford's  manly  form  we  ken. 

Xewcomb  is  there,  with  thoughtful  face- 
In  that  battalion  weird  and  vast  ; 

And  brave  Tom  daffy  has  a  place, 
And  valiant  Thompson  marches  past. 

There  with  the  men  lie  led  in  fight, 
The  handsome   Ferris  moves  along; 

There's  Uonath,  with  his  ways  polite, 
And  Robinson  is  with  the  throng. 


456  NINETEENTH    MASSACHUSETTS   REGIMENT. 

Three  hundred  of  our  bravest  men, 

Who  fell  on  Southern  battle  plains, 
Or  yielded  life  in  prison  pen, 

That  silent  host  of  death  contains. 
We  see  their  faces  as  of  old, 

We  reach  for  hands  we  may  not  clasp; 
We  nevermore  can  them  enfold 

Within  our  warm  and  friendly  grasp. 

But  deep  within  our  hearts  we  hold 

Remembrance  of  our  gallant  dead; 
And  all  the  scenes  of  war  unfold 

And  clear  before  our  vision  spread. 
Our  proudest  boast  will  ever  be — 

While  in  life's  march  our  footsteps  lag — 
That  in  the  war  for  liberty, 

We  followed  the  Nineteenth's  flag. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Aug.  25,  1888.